Psychic Facilities: Passive and Active Psi Passive Psi is the proposed ability to perceive information, such as sights and sounds, from a great distance. During the Cold War, both Soviet and American governments sponsored remote viewing projects to spy on one another. In the , the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) ran the Stargate Project.

Sources: 1) “Project Stargate: 10 Facts About the US Government Experiments.” HistoryCollection.com, 1 July 2018, historycollection.com/project-stargate-10-facts-about-the-us-government- psychic-experiments/. 2) “The Stargate Collection - CIA Program on Remote Viewing.” The Black Vault, 16 Dec. 2020, www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-stargate-collection/. 3) Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/stargate. 4) “Defense Intelligence Agency.” Wikipedia, 31 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency. The program officially ran from 1991 to 1995, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) declassified the experiments in 2017. However, research began much earlier.

Sources: 1) “Project Stargate: 10 Facts About the US Government Psychic Experiments.” HistoryCollection.com, 1 July 2018, historycollection.com/project-stargate-10-facts-about-the-us-government- psychic-experiments/. 2) “The Stargate Collection - CIA Program on Remote Viewing.” The Black Vault, 16 Dec. 2020, www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-stargate-collection/. 3) Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/stargate. 4) “Central Intelligence Agency.” Wikipedia, 14 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency. In 1970, a precursor project, called the SCANATE Project began, to study well-known "" to test their ability to remotely view, including and Ingo Swann.

Sources: 1) “Project Stargate: 10 Facts About the US Government Psychic Experiments.” HistoryCollection.com, 1 July 2018, historycollection.com/project-stargate-10-facts-about-the-us-government- psychic-experiments/. 2) “The Stargate Collection - CIA Program on Remote Viewing.” The Black Vault, 16 Dec. 2020, www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-stargate-collection/. 3) Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/stargate. Ingo Swann showed the most remarkable capacity to remote view, and his descriptions of what he saw while in session proved reliably and astonishingly correct.

Sources: 1) “Project Stargate: 10 Facts About the US Government Psychic Experiments.” HistoryCollection.com, 1 July 2018, historycollection.com/project-stargate-10-facts-about-the-us-government- psychic-experiments/. 2) “The Stargate Collection - CIA Program on Remote Viewing.” The Black Vault, 16 Dec. 2020, www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-stargate-collection/. 3) Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia.gov/readingroom/collection/stargate. 4) Georgia, University of West. “Ingo Swann Research Fellowship.” University of West Georgia, www.westga.edu/library/special-collections/swannfellowship.php. is the proposed facility to perceive the thoughts of others. In 1931, Joseph Banks Rhine (1895 - 1980) began research into telepathy, at Duke University.

Sources: 1) Pratt, J. Gaither, et al. Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years: A Critical Appraisal of the Research in Extra-Sensory Perception. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011. 2) “Dr Joseph Banks ‘J.B." Rhine (1895-1980).” Find a Grave, www.findagrave.com/memorial/42399618/joseph-banks-rhine. He designed a set of cards called Zener Cards, and a test subject, called a "receiver", and a researcher, called a "sender" would sit partitioned from one another, silently, as the sender would randomly pull a card and try to project the image to the receiver.

Sources: 1) Pratt, J. Gaither, et al. Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years: A Critical Appraisal of the Research in Extra-Sensory Perception. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011. 2) “Zener Cards.” Wikipedia, 16 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_cards. Amazingly, receivers were able to guess the correct card that the sender was concentrating on higher than probability would allow. But, there were some unexpected findings that presented themselves during the course of the study.

Source: 1) Pratt, J. Gaither, et al. Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years: A Critical Appraisal of the Research in Extra-Sensory Perception. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011. Some subjects scored much lower than statistically possible, leading Rhine to coin the term psi missing, and theorized that the receiver was somehow subconsciously missing on purpose.

Source: 1) Pratt, J. Gaither, et al. Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years: A Critical Appraisal of the Research in Extra-Sensory Perception. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011. German psychologist Wolfgang Metzger (1899 - 1979) took this experiments to a new level, and wanted to see if receivers could perceive more complex objects and patterns.

Sources: 1) Dunning, Alan. “ColourBlind: Machine Imagination, Closed Eye Hallucination and the Ganzfeld Effect.” Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/455637/ColourBlind_Machine_Imagination_Closed_Eye_Hallucination_and_the_Ganzfeld_Effect. 2) “Gestalt Theory: Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications (GTA).” Gestalt Theory: Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications (GTA) - Honorary Members of the GTA, www.gestalttheory.net/cms/index.php?page=roll-of-honour. Now called the Ganzfeld Experiments, researchers would place receivers in sensory deprivation. The receivers would describe what they were perceiving. However, due to biases, it's unclear how effective these experiments were.

Source: Dunning, Alan. “ColourBlind: Machine Imagination, Closed Eye Hallucination and the Ganzfeld Effect.” Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/455637/ColourBlind_Machine_Imagination_Closed_Eye_Hallucination_and_the_Ganzfeld_Effect. is the proposed facility to perceive future events. Some of the best evidence for this facility was presented by psychologist Dean I. Radin, who showed that the parasympathetic nervous system predicts the future.

Sources: 1) Radin, Dean I. “Electrodermal Presentiments of Future Emotion.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 18, no. 2, 2004, pp. 253–273., doi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279770368_Electrodermal_presentiments_of_future_emotions. 2) “Dean Radin, PhD.” IONS, 27 Oct. 2020, noetic.org/profile/dean-radin/. The parasympathetic nervous system controls involuntary actions and functions, such as breathing, digestion, and operations of the endocrine system.

Source: “Parasympathetic Nervous System.” Encyclopædia Britannica, www.britannica.com/science/parasympathetic-nervous-system. He discovered that, while testing electrodermal activity (EDA), that volunteers skin conductance level (SCL) reacted to stimuli before presented, especially in cases where a violent or disturbing image was about to be shown. Evidence also showed that SCL reacted when volunteers were unaware that they were being stared at.

Source: Radin, Dean I. “Electrodermal Presentiments of Future Emotion.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 18, no. 2, 2004, pp. 253–273., doi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279770368_Electrodermal_presentiments_of_future_emotions. Retrocognition is the proposed facility to perceive past events. Repeated experiments that show promising results for perceiving events in the past show it is often most effective when a subject is touching an object associated with a person or event from the past. This proposed psychic facility is known as . This facility may be a capacity of remote viewing. In 1984, a double- blind trial took place, under the guidance of the CIA. The volunteer was not given prior information about the preselected target. The volunteer described a very strange scene, with humanoids going through an extinction level event. It was revealed, after, that the concordance were on the Mars, with instructions to view one million years previously.

Source: Brogan, Jacob. “Did the CIA Really Astrally Project to Mars in 1984? We Asked a Psychic Spy.” Slate Magazine, 20 Mar. 2017, slate.com/technology/2017/03/did-the-cia-really-astrally-project-to- mars-in-1984.html. These are all examples of (ESP), or the purposed facility to obtain knowledge by some unknown, non-physical means, and rely on the senses. is the term used when visual information is being received.

Clairaudience is the term used when auditory information is being received.

Clairgustance is the term used when taste information is being received.

Clairalience is the term used when scent information is being received.

Clairtangency is the term used when touch or feeling information is being received. Claircognizance is the proposed facility to have sudden knowledge of an event.

Clairsentience is the proposed facility to be able to reply in instinct, and have a "gut feeling" about an event or person. Clairempathy is known more commonly as Empathy. This is the proposed facility to perceive the emotions of others, without receiving ques from the other individual, such as facial expressions, tone of voice, posture, etc. Active Psi (PK), also known as Telekinesis, is the proposed facility to influence physical items without physical action. In 1984, the United States National Academy of Sciences, at the request of the US Army Research Institute, began research into psychokinesis, in hopes of finding ways for military personnel to disrupt enemy weapons.

Sources: 1) Bakel, Rogier van. “Mind over Matter.” Wired, Conde Nast, 1 Apr. 1995, www.wired.com/1995/04/pear/. 2) U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, ari.altess.army.mil/. 3) Decoopman, Clémentine. “Space Science Week Archives.” Space Generation Advisory Council, 4 Mar. 2020, spacegeneration.org/tag/space-science-week. The researchers focused on micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK), and many studies in the field reported evidence for mentally induced non-random deviations from chance with random number generators, and the casting of dice to achieve a certain number. The experiments ended in 1987. Despite success, poor controls in test settings were cited, and government involvement in PK research came to an end.

Source: 1) Bakel, Rogier van. “Mind over Matter.” Wired, Conde Nast, 1 Apr. 1995, www.wired.com/1995/04/pear/. In the 1960s, Russian housewife Nina Kulagina was thoroughly tested by Soviet and American scientists for displaying unusual control of PK, even in laboratory settings.

Sources: 1) Watt, Caroline. . Oneworld, 2016. 2) Nader, Christian, director. Zwischenwelt - Extrasensory, Nina Kulagina, Segunda Realidad, Materealization, Agujero Negro. YouTube, 27 Oct. 2008, youtu.be/w1Z9H56hjDM. 3) “Urban Studies.” Afflictor.com, 21 Nov. 2017, afflictor.com/category/urban-studies/. It seems she had always had this capacity, and noticed early in childhood that when she became angry, objects would move around her. During events, her heart rate would increase, her brainwave patterns became abnormal, and electromagnetic radiation would spike. In Leningrad laboratory, researchers wanted to see if she could produce PK-bio, or influence living tissue. She displayed the ability to stop a frog's heart just by touching it.

Source: 1) Watt, Caroline. Parapsychology. Oneworld, 2016. Arguably, PK-bio is an explanation for "energy workers" that seem to be able to heal others. Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis (RSPK) is hypothesized to be being most incidents of poltergeist activity. This phenomenon typically occurs around a single person, called the agent. However, items can move when the agent is not present, lending credence to PK-time displaced. This occurs when an agent's attention is away from the object that they are trying to influence, and then the object moves.

Source: 1) Watt, Caroline. Parapsychology. Oneworld, 2016. When Parapsychologist William G. Roll (1926 - 2012) began research on RSPK agent, Tina Resch, she displayed PK-time displacement.

Sources: 1) Roll, William G., and Valerie Storey. Unleashed: Of Poltergeists and Murder: The Curious Story of Tina Resch. Paraview Pocket Books, 2004. 2) “William G. Roll.” Wikipedia, 31 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Roll. 3) Conrad, James A. “Tina Resch / Christina Boyer Case.” The Tina Resch Spontaneous Telekinesis Case, 13 Jan. 2016, jamesaconrad.com/Tina/Tina-Resch-Boyer-paranormal- case.html. Pyrogensis, is the proposed facility to somehow generate fire without any known means, is also a staple in cases of RSPK. Beginning in 2011, a three-year-old girl in Antique, Iloilo City Philippines, began displaying this purported facility. Authorities and fire officials investigated, and found that when the girl would say, "Fire", something inside the home would ignite. Thermal cameras did capture her temperature rising to an astonishing 41° when the incidents occurred.

Source: Vince. “Fire Starter or Pyrokinesis: 3-Year Old Child from Iloilo City Make Fire by Imagination.” Philippine News, 24 Mar. 2011, philnews.ph/2011/03/24/fire-starter-or-pyrokinesis-3-year-old- child-from-iloilo-city-make-fire-by-imagination-%E2%80%93-video-report/. © Justin H. Guess All Rights Reserved