WSOP-Geschichte (Teil 1) – Wie Poker Nach Las Vegas Kam

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WSOP-Geschichte (Teil 1) – Wie Poker Nach Las Vegas Kam WSOP-Geschichte (Teil 1) – Wie Poker nach Las Vegas kam Die World Series of Poker ist für viele der Inbegriff des Pokerns. Ohne die Fernsehbilder von Chris Moneymaker, die den weltweiten Boom auslösten, hätten die meisten immer noch die Vorstellung von verrauchten Hinterzimmern mit Geldbündeln, Autopapieren und Hausschlüsseln, die schnell den Besitzer wechseln. Aufgrund des 40-jährigen Jubiläums widmen wir uns dem Spiel am grünen Filz und wie es letztendlich so populär wurde. Im ersten Teil dieser kleinen Reihe drehen wir das Zeitrad weit zurück und werfen einen kurzen Blick auf die Geschichte des Pokerns und wie das Spiel nach Vegas kam. Wie und wo alles angefangen hat, ist nicht exakt bekannt. Die zahlreichen Einwanderer aus den unterschiedlichsten Ländern brachten neben ihren Habseligkeiten auch ein paar Kartenspiele mit in die USA. Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts soll sich Poker, wie wir es kennen, langsam entwickelt haben. Ob es nun die persischen Seefahrer waren, die ihr As Nas unter das Volk gebracht haben, oder ob es sich aus dem Spiel Primero entwickelt hat, kann man nicht genau sagen. Das englische Spiel Brag hat auch seinen Teil dazu beigetragen und Experten streiten sich, ob der Name vom irischen Spiel Poca oder dem französischen Poque, das mit dem deutschen Pochen verwandt ist, herrührt. Dass die ersten Partien Poker in New Orleans gespielt wurden, lässt auf das französische Spiel schließen, aber höchstwahrscheinlich hat jedes der Spiele seinen Teil dazu beigetragen. Jonathan Green (Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling von 1843) und Joe Cowell (Thirty Years Passed Among the Players in England and America von 1844) berichteten von einer Pokerversion, bei der ein 20-Karten-Deck komplett unter vier Spielern ausgeteilt wurde. Es gab keinen Draw und ein Vierling war die höchste Kombination. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts entwickelte sich das Spiel weiter. Nachdem Poker immer populärer wurde, stieg man auf das noch heute gebräuchliche 52-Karten-Deck um. Der Flush wurde in die Handwertung aufgenommen und wenig später gab es auch die Straight. Poker wurde inzwischen sowohl als Draw-Poker als auch in der Stud-Variante gespielt. Zur Jahrhundertwende wurden dann auch Lowball und Splitpot eingeführt. Erst ein Vierteljahrhundert später entwickelten sich die Varianten mit Gemeinschaftskarten. Dennoch blieben Five Card Draw, Five Card Stud und Seven Card Stud die gängigsten Varianten. Zu dieser Zeit war Poker wirklich noch ein Spiel, von dem man sich besser fernhielt. Die Einsätze waren meist zu hoch – zumindest für die „anständigen“ Menschen – und gespielt wurde in Clubs und Bars. Die Spiele gingen so lange, bis auch der letzte Glücksjäger kein Geld mehr bei sich hatte. Einen schönen Einblick in diese Zeit bietet Herbert Yardley, dessen „The Education of a Poker Player“ im Jahr 1957 veröffentlicht wurde. In den 50er- und 60er-Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts kamen dann die ersten großen Meilensteine. Während Poker ein beliebtes Freizeitvergnügen für jedermann war, gab es viele illegale Spiele um hohe Summen in den Hinterzimmern. Zwar gab es auch die Kartenclubs und die Casinos, doch in den Casinos wurde Poker als Stiefkind gehandhabt, da es wenig Einnahmen bescherte. Dies war auch die Zeit der Texas Rounders – Thomas „Amarillo Slim“ Preston, Doyle Brunson und Brian „Sailor“ Roberts – die sich Geld erspielten und nach Las Vegas gingen. Dort kamen sie schnell mit Ben Binion in Kontakt. „Benny“ war einer der Visionäre und zeigte dies schon Anfang der 50er. Als Touristenspektakel gedacht, organisierte er 1949 ein High- Stakes-Match zwischen Johnny Moss und Nicholas Dandolos. „Nick the Greek“ gab sich zwar nach fünf Monaten geschlagen, aber die Idee eines Duells zwischen Highrollern ging nicht mehr aus Benny Binions Kopf. Mit Walter Pearson lieferte eine andere Pokerlegende den nächsten Quantensprung. Während es lange Zeit nur Cashgames gegeben hatte, entwickelte „Puggy“ das Konzept des Freeze-out- Turniers. Alle erhalten die gleiche Anzahl von Chips und die Blinds steigen – so simpel es ist, so revolutionär war es! Die Idee soll dann über „Nick the Greek“ zu Ben Binion gewandert sein. Im Jahr 1969 gab es das erste große Pokerturnier. Unter dem Namen Texas Gamblers Convention trafen sich die bekanntesten und besten Pokerspieler in Reno. Wobei „Pokerturnier“ kein Turnier im Sinne eines Freeze-outs war. Gespielt wurde konsequent Cashgame in allen Varianten und Formen. Nach einer Woche wurde Crandall Addington zum Sieger ernannt, da er insgesamt am meisten Geld gewonnen hatte. Ben Binion und sein Sohn Jack erkannten das riesige Potential der Veranstaltung, sicherten sich die Rechte und änderten den Namen in World Series of Poker um. Im Folgejahr gab es dann die erste offizielle WSOP. 38 Spieler kamen ins Binion’s Horseshoe und wie im ein Jahr zuvor wurden verschiedenste Varianten im Cashgame-Format gespielt. Nach eineinhalb Wochen war der Spaß vorbei. Es ist überliefert, dass die bekanntesten Spieler – Crandall Addington, Doyle Brunson, Carl Cannon, Johnny Moss, „Puggy“ Pearson, „Amarillo Slim“ und „Sailor“ Roberts – den Sieger per Wahl bestimmt hätten. Addington selbst liefert jedoch eine leicht abweichende Version der Geschichte. Die WSOP hatte die Aufmerksamkeit der Presse auf sich gezogen und Jack Binion wollte unbedingt einen Sieger präsentieren. Also rannte er herum und fragte alle, wer denn der beste Spieler sei. Natürlich antwortet jeder: „Ich“. So entschied Binion kurzerhand, dass jeder für den Zweitbesten stimmen sollte. „Amarillo Slim“ fand die Idee völlig absurd: „Wir sollen für den besten Spieler stimmen. Der Beste ist der, der am meisten Geld gewonnen hat“. Doch Jack Binion setzte sich durch und wenn auch mit einigen Enthaltungen wurde Johnny Moss zum zweitbesten Spieler gewählt und war somit der offizielle Gewinner der allerersten World Series of Poker. Im zweiten und dritten Teil der Serie betrachten wir den Verlauf der WSOP über die vier Dekaden und lassen einige der größten Momente Revue passieren. Im letzten Teil gibt es die 40 größten Champions und natürlich wird die Nummer 1 ganz ausführlich vorgestellt..
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