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The Ballistic Performance of the Bombard Mons Meg
ARTICLE IN PRESS HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Defence Technology ■■ (2015) ■■–■■ www.elsevier.com/locate/dt 1bs_bs_query Q2 The ballistic performance of the bombard Mons Meg 2bs_bs_query Q1 3bs_bs_query Ian LEWTAS, Rachael MCALISTER *, Adam WALLIS, Clive WOODLEY, Ian CULLIS 4bs_bs_query QinetiQ, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent T N14 7BP, UK 5bs_bs_query Received 28 September 2015; revised 30 November 2015; accepted 1 December 2015 6bs_bs_query Available online 7bs_bs_query 8bs_bs_query Abstract 9bs_bs_query The bombard Mons Meg, located in Edinburgh Castle, with a diameter of 19 inches (48 cm), was one of the largest calibre cannons ever built. 10bs_bs_query Constructed in 1449 and presented to King James II of Scotland in 1454, Mons Meg was used in both military and ceremonial roles in Scotland 11 bs_bs_query until its barrel burst in 1680. This paper examines the history, internal, external and terminal ballistics of the cannon and its shot. The likely muzzle 12bs_bs_query velocity was estimated by varying the propellant type and the cannon profile was investigated to identify weak spots in the design that may have 13bs_bs_query led to its failure. Using the muzzle velocity calculated from the internal ballistics, simulations were performed with granite and sandstone shot for 14bs_bs_query varying launch angle and ground temperature. The likely trajectory and range of the cannonballs are described. The internal and external ballistics 15bs_bs_query informed the initial conditions of the terminal ballistic impact scenarios. The performance of the cannonball against both period and modern 16bs_bs_query targets, in the form of a pseudo-castle wall and a monolithic concrete target, respectively, were simulated and are presented and discussed. -
Materializing the Military
MATERIALIZING THE MILITARY Edited by Bernard Finn Barton C Hacker Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC Associate Editors Robert Bud Science Museum, London Helmuth Trischler Deutsches Museum, Munich . sCience museum Published 2005 by NMSI Trading Ltd, Science Museum, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2DD All rights reserved © 2005 Board ofTrustees of the Science Museum, except for contributions from employees of US national museums Designed by Jerry Fowler Printed in England by the Cromwell Press ISBN 1 90074760 X ISSN 1029-3353 Website http://www.nmsi.ac.uk Artefacts series: studies in the history of science and technology In growing numbers, historians are using technological artefacts in the study and interpretation of the recent past. Their work is still largely pioneering, as they investigate approaches and modes of presentation. But the consequences are already richly rewarding. To encourage this enterprise, three of the world's greatest repositories of the material heritage of science and technology: the Deutsches Museum, the Science Museum and the Smithsonian Institution, are collaborating on this book series. Each volume treats a particular subject area, using objects to explore a wide range of issues related to science, technology and medicine and their place in society. Edited by Robert Bud, Science Museum, London Bernard Finn, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC Helmuth Trischler, Deutsches Museum, Munich Volume 1 Manifesting Medicine Principal Editor Robert Bud Volume 2 Exposing Electronics Principal Editor Bernard Finn Volume 3 Tackling Transport Principal Editors Helmuth Trischler and Stefan Zeilinger Volume 4 Presenting Pictures Principal Editor Bernard Finn Volume 5 Materializing the Military Principal Editors Bernard Finn and Barton C Hacker Volume. -
La Mer D'eau Douce
ROBERTO J. PAYRO LA MER D’EAU DOUCE XII ENTRE MER ET CIEL La journée était très belle, le vent favorable, la mer un immense manteau vert foncé ondulé par de légères et longues vagues. La proue orientée vers les Canaries, vers le sud-ouest, naviguant au large, le vent presque en poupe, on devait peu manoeuvrer sur les caravelles et l’équipage se reposait en profitant de la vie. Solís était descendu dans sa cabine, confiant le pont à son second, le pilote Juan de Lisboa (N.d.T. : Alvarez de Cartaya ; voir chapitre 10) ; dorénavant on allait peu le voir, si ce n’était à l’entrée et la sortie du port éventuel, lorsqu’il désirait prendre personnellement la direction et dans un cas difficile. Mais, matins et soirs, on allait l’entendre quotidiennement héler les capitaines des autres caravelles, commandées, l’une par Francisco de Torres, secondé par le quartier-maître Diego García de Moguer, et l’autre par le pilote Rodrigo Alvarez. Porte-voix à la main et, après avoir écouté ces capitaines, Juan Díaz de Solís donnait ses ordres : en général, ils consistaient simplement à continuer de cingler en naviguant de conserve durant le jour et, la nuit, à suivre la lanterne de la caravelle portugaise, qui dirigeait la marche. Dieu leur avait procuré la sécurité – comme disaient les Musulmans –, et les jours suivants furent semblables à ce 13 octobre 1515, premier jour de voyage en haute mer, avec du vent frais et des éclaircies telles que rien ne perturba jamais la tranquillité de la navigation. -
The Use of CANNON in the CIVIL WAS with Particular Reference To
The Use Of CANNON IN THE CIVIL WAS With Particular Reference to DERBYSHIRE by R. HAYHURST Published by the Local History Section of the DERBYSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Because of the interest occasioned by ray previous article, (DerbyshireMiscellanyVol.il No.6 p.318-9) and through the useful suggestions of members, I am encouraged to submit these notes, which I hope-will assist in clarifying the picture so far as the use of guns in Derbyshire is concerned. It appears desirable, in order to place the matter in its proper context, to review the situation generally, and to this end I have consulted various works, including the following, to which I am indebted for numerous extracts; Whitelock's Memorials, 1682; Rushworth's Collections, 1659-1701} "Cromwell's Army", by C . H. Firth, 1902} "Castles and Cannon", B. H. St. John O'Neill, "Life of Col. Hutchinson", Lucy Hutchinson} "Memoirs of the Duke of Newcastle", by Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle} "Derbyshire", Pilkington; "Waterloo", John Naylor, I960; and "The Story of the Gun", by Lt. A. W. Wilson, R.A., 1944* Firth quotes expensively from earlier writers, as "Animadversions of War", 1639, "Principles of the Art Military", 1643, etc. Appended to a particular edition of "The Life of Col. Hutchinson" is an excellent day to day account of the Siege of Lathom House. From the gunnery standpoint St. John O'Neill is disappointing, as buildings were his interest and he refers to the gun only insofar as it affects castles and fortifications. Generally there are masses of references to the use of guns, but only very infrequently does one find precise information as to range and effect, and the picture must be built up by extracting appropriate evidence from numerous actions. -
A Late Medieval Or Early Modern Light Gun Barrel from the Castle Museum in Malbork—Typology, Technology of Manufacture and Identification of the Smelting Process
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2019) 11:2007–2026 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0653-3 ORIGINAL PAPER A late medieval or early modern light gun barrel from the Castle Museum in Malbork—typology, technology of manufacture and identification of the smelting process Grzegorz Żabiński1 & Mateusz Biborski2 & Ewelina A. Miśta-Jakubowska3 Received: 9 February 2018 /Accepted: 3 May 2018 /Published online: 18 May 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The paper discusses a gun barrel of a possibly late 15th-early 16th c. date from the collection of the Castle Museum in Malbork (Marienburg), Poland (MZM/468/MT). The barrel was originally part of a hand-held gun (a hackbut?) and was later converted into a light cannon. The barrel was made from unevenly carburised soft steel (c. 0.1–0.2% C). Both metallographic examinations and the analysis of slag inclusions with the use of multivariate statistics suggest that the metal in the barrel was manufactured using the direct (bloomery) smelting process. Keywords 15th–16th c. Military . Light artillery . Hand-held firearms . Hackbut . Castle Museum in Malbork . Archaeometallurgy . Archaeometry . Slag inclusion analysis . Multivariate statistics Introduction It is generally assumed that iron barrels of hand-held firearms were made by forge-welding one or several iron pieces on an iron The aim of this paper is to discuss an iron light cannon barrel core. The barrel was then stopped in the rear (breech) part with a from the collection of the Castle Museum in Malbork cylindrical peg. Hooks, if present, were then separately forge- (Marienburg), Poland (inv. No. MZM/468/MT). -
Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 1
Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 1 Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Artillery Through the Ages A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America Author: Albert Manucy Release Date: January 30, 2007 [EBook #20483] Language: English Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 2 Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Christine P. Travers and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. -- Price 35 cents (Cover) FRENCH 12-POUNDER FIELD GUN (1700-1750) ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 3 by ALBERT MANUCY Historian Southeastern National Monuments Drawings by Author Technical Review by Harold L. Peterson National Park Service Interpretive Series History No. 3 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1949 (Reprint 1956) Many of the types of cannon described in this booklet may be seen in areas of the National Park System throughout the country. -
Prices of Weapons and Munitions in Early Sixteenth Century Holland During the Guelders War1
James P. Ward Prices of Weapons and Munitions in Early Sixteenth Century Holland during the Guelders War1 1. Introduction The adage that to have peace one has to prepare for war may not be of Classical antiquity but the principle was known to Livy and the Ancients,2 and so the influence of the weapons industry on world peace and economy hardly needs to be emphasized now. The purpose of this article is both to present data on retail prices of individual weapons and munitions of war in the first decades of the sixteenth century in Holland, and to show how the magistrates there prepared to defend their cities against an aggressor by purchasing weapons to arm the citizens. Prices quoted here for strategic commodities of war in the early sixteenth century complement those given by Posthumus in his survey of prices for the later sixteenth century and beyond.3 Kuypers published inventories of weapons maintained in castles and elsewhere in Holland and the Netherlands in the first half of the sixteenth century, but the cities of Holland were not included in his descriptions.4 A recent study by De Jong reveals the growth of the early modern weapons industry in the Republic of the United Netherlands in the period 1585-1621 as part of a process of state formation based on entrepreneurship, economic growth and military reform.5 As sources for the present investigation accounts of the Treasurer for North-Holland at The Hague, and of the city treasurers of Haarlem, Leiden, Dordrecht and Gouda were examined for expenditures on weapons and munitions. -
GURPS Low-Tech Companion 2: Weapons and Warriors Is Copyright © 2010 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated
Written by PETER V. DELL’ORTO, DAN HOWARD, and WILLIAM H. STODDARD Edited by SEAN PUNCH Illustrated by ROD REIS An e23 Sourcebook for GURP S® STEVE JACKSON GAMES ® Stock #37-1662 Version 1.0 – December 2010 CONTENTS I NTRODUCTION . 3 The Modern Army . 11 Stakes/Pickets . 26 About the Authors . 3 Naval Warfare . 11 Trench . 26 About GURPS . 3 Roman Field Camp . 26 2. WEAPONS CITY DEFENSES . 27 1. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND ARMOR . 12 Ditch and Rampart (TL0) . 27 OF COMBAT GEAR . 4 WEAPON DESIGN . 12 Dry Stone (TL0) . 27 HUNTERS AND GATHERERS . 4 Realistic Weapons . 12 Hard Earth (TL0) . 27 Axes (TL0) . 4 Armor-Piercing Weapons . 12 Hedge (TL0) . 27 Spears (TL0) . 4 Training Weapons . 13 Wooden Palisade (TL0) . 27 Throwing Sticks (TL0) . 4 Combination Weapons . 15 Brick (TL1) . 27 Bolas (TL0) . 4 Determining Weapon ST . 15 Cribwork (TL1) . 28 THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS . 5 Cinematic Weapons . 16 Mortared Stone (TL1) . 28 Early Warfare . 5 Cool Ethnic Weapons Piled Turf (TL1) . 28 Clubs and Maces (TL0) . 5 and Armor . 16 Concrete (TL2) . 28 Microlithic Edges (TL0) . 5 Throwing the Unthrowable . 17 Embossing (TL2) . 28 Slings (TL0) . 5 Spiky Bits . 18 FORTRESSES . 28 Blades (TL0) . 5 SHIELD OPTIONS . 18 Causewayed Enclosure (TL0) . 28 Circumvallation . 5 Fighting With Shields . 18 Hill Fort (TL1) . 28 Massed Combat . 6 Shield Damage . 19 Terramara (TL1) . 28 The Bow . 6 Customizing Shields . 19 Motte and Bailey (TL2) . 29 The Rise of the Chariot (TL1) . 6 SCALING WEAPONS Castles (TL2) . 29 THE ANCIENT WORLD . 7 AND ARMOR . 20 Guards and Watchers . 29 The Iron Age (TL2) . -
The Ballistic Performance of the Bombard Mons
HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Defence Technology 12 (2016) 59–68 www.elsevier.com/locate/dt The ballistic performance of the bombard Mons Meg Ian LEWTAS, Rachael MCALISTER *, Adam WALLIS, Clive WOODLEY, Ian CULLIS QinetiQ, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent T N14 7BP, UK Received 28 September 2015; revised 30 November 2015; accepted 1 December 2015 Available online 23 December 2015 Abstract The bombard Mons Meg, located in Edinburgh Castle, with a diameter of 19 inches (48 cm), was one of the largest calibre cannons ever built. Constructed in 1449 and presented to King James II of Scotland in 1454, Mons Meg was used in both military and ceremonial roles in Scotland until its barrel burst in 1680. This paper examines the history, internal, external and terminal ballistics of the cannon and its shot. The likely muzzle velocity was estimated by varying the propellant type and the cannon profile was investigated to identify weak spots in the design that may have led to its failure. Using the muzzle velocity calculated from the internal ballistics, simulations were performed with granite and sandstone shot for varying launch angle and ground temperature. The likely trajectory and range of the cannonballs are described. The internal and external ballistics informed the initial conditions of the terminal ballistic impact scenarios. The performance of the cannonball against both period and modern targets, in the form of a pseudo-castle wall and a monolithic concrete target, respectively, were simulated and are presented and discussed. © 2016 China Ordnance Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. -
History of Friedrich II of Prussia Volume III: the HOHENZOLLERNS in BRANDENBURG
History of Friedrich II of Prussia Volume III: THE HOHENZOLLERNS IN BRANDENBURG. 1412−1718 by Thomas Carlyle History of Friedrich II of Prussia Table of Contents History of Friedrich II of Prussia..............................................1 Chapter I...................................................................2 Chapter II..................................................................8 Chapter III................................................................15 Chapter IV.................................................................23 KURFURST ALBERT ACHILLES, AND HIS SUCCESSOR...........................23 JOHANN THE CICERO IS FOURTH KURFURST, AND LEAVES TWO NOTABLE SONS.....28 Chapter V..................................................................31 OF THE BAIREUTH−ANSPACH BRANCH........................................31 TWO LINES IN CULMBACH OR BAIREUTH−ANSPACH: THE GERA BOND OF 1598......33 THE ELDER LINE OF CULMBACH: FRIEDRICH AND HIS THREE NOTABLE SONS THERE................................................................36 FRIEDRICH'S SECOND SON, MARGRAF GEORGE OF ANSPACH.....................39 Chapter VI.................................................................50 Chapter VII................................................................60 Chapter VIII...............................................................67 Chapter IX.................................................................72 KURFURST JOACHIM I....................................................72 OF JOACHIM'S WIFE AND BROTHER−IN−LAW..................................73 -
The Grose Bochse – a Teutonic Supergun from 1408
FASCICULI ARCHAEOLOGIAE HISTORICAE FASC. XXV, PL ISSN 0860-0007 GRZEGORZ ŻABIŃSKI THE GROSE BOCHSE – A TEUTONIC SUPERGUN FROM 1408 Introduction entries from 1409 shed light on the field use of the cannon Von eynir grosin bochsin. Ouch wart czu Marienburg at the early stage of hostilities against Poland. gegoszin eyne grosze buchsze in desim zomir [1408] von czwen stuckin, der gliche nicht was von grose yn allin Manufacture process Dutschin landing, noch czu Polan, noch czu Ungern1 – “On The very first record (May 1408) concerns a pay- a large cannon. Moreover, a large cannon of two parts was ment of 2 Marks to brethren-knight Johann of Dzierzgoń/ cast at Malbork/Marienburg in this Summer (1408). There Christburg, who was supposed to supervise the casting was no cannon of equal size in all the German lands, or process.4 On 14 May he was given 5 Vierd for 1 stone in Poland, or in Hungary.” In this way the continuator of (13.77 kg, according to Gdańsk/Danzig measures) of wax the chronicle of Johann von Posilge reported on the casting with regard to the casting5. Johann was mentioned for the of an enormously large cannon at the capital castle of the next time on 4 November 1408, when he was travelling for Teutonic Order at the eve of the war with Poland and Lithu- the first time for the cannon (der zum irsten vor dy grose ania (1409-1411). This impressive example of late medieval bochse ryt). He was paid 10 Marks on this occasion6. This heavy artillery has already been paid a lot of attention in record also implies that the very process of casting was previous scholarship2. -
Long Night of the Tankers: Hitler's War Against Caribbean
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2014 Long Night of the Tankers: Hitler’s War Against Caribbean Oil Bercuson, David J.; Herwig, Holger H. University of Calgary Press Bercuson, D. J. & Herwig, H. H. "Long Night of the Tankers: Hitler’s War Against Caribbean Oil". Beyond Boundaries: Canadian Defence and Strategic Studies Series; 4. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/49998 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com LONG NIGHT OF THE TANKERS: HITLER’S WAR AGAINST CARIBBEAN OIL David J. Bercuson and Holger H. Herwig ISBN 978-1-55238-760-3 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright.