PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
SUBTITLE STRATEGIES AND CATEGORIZATION OF SWEAR WORDS IN THE DC UNIVERSE'S SERIES "TITANS" SEASON 2 EPISODE 11 AND 12
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters
By ELLA SALSABILA Student Number: 174214065
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2021
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
SUBTITLE STRATEGIES AND CATEGORIZATION OF SWEAR WORDS IN THE DC UNIVERSE'S SERIES "TITANS" SEASON 2 EPISODE 11 AND 12
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters
By ELLA SALSABILA Student Number: 174214065
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2021 ii
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
I want to be stronger then I was yesterday, keep watching me, I can make it
(Monsta X)
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This thesis is dedicated to …
1. The strongest person ever in this world: myself 2. My parents and siblings 3. My beloved friends
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I present my deepest gratitude to Mr Harris Hermansyah Setiajid S.S
M,Hum, for his fullest guidance as my advisor to finish this undergraduate thesis, to Ms Almira Ghassani Shabrina Romala S.S., M.A for your comments and help on my thesis, and to all of the lecturers in Sanata Dharma University that helped me in my study period in university.
I present this undergraduate thesis to my beloved parents, Nila
Dhamayanti and Eko Sudarmo, who always support me until I finish my studies. I would like to say thanks to my dear friend, Mayang, Thera, and Nandha who always cheered me up. I would also like to say thanks to my ten guardian angels,
Bella, Chacak, Anin, Riza, Eno, Tahnia, Laras, Aya, Ally, and Vania for always supporting and accompanying me both mentally and physically so that I can finish this undergraduate thesis. I would like to say thanks to my all-time mood boosters,
CRAVITY, for always giving me strength and always accompanying me through their music to finish this thesis. And last, I would like to say thanks to Allen Ma, my indirect support of love, mental, and self-care during the difficult times to finish this thesis.
Ella Salsabila ix
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE...... ii APPROVAL PAGE...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE...... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ..vi MOTTO PAGE...... vii DEDICATION PAGE...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS...... x LIST OF TABLES...... xii ABSTRACT...... xiii ABSTRAK...... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...... 1 A. Background of the Study...... 1 B. Problem Formulation...... 4 C. Objective of the Study...... 4 D. Definition of Terms...... 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE...... 6 A. Review of Related Studies...... 6 B. Review of Related Theories...... 7 1. Subtitle...... 7 2. Subtitle Translation Strategies...... 8 3. Taboo/Swear Words...... 11 4. Categorization of Swear Words...... 13 C. Theoretical Framework...... 14
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY...... 17 A. Areas of Research...... 17 B. Object of the Study...... 18 C. Method of the Study...... 18 D. Research Procedure...... 19 1. Types of Data...... 19 2. Data Collection...... 19 x
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3. Population and Sample...... 20 4. Data Analysis...... 21
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS...... 23 A. Categorization of Swear Words...... 23 1. Auxiliary Swearing...... 24 2. Expletive Swearing...... 27 3. Abusive Swearing...... 28 4. Humorous Swearing...... 31 B. Strategies of Subtitle Translation...... 33 1. Paraphrase...... 34 2. Condensation...... 37 3. Dislocation...... 40 4. Expansion...... 41 5. Deletion...... 42 6. Transfer...... 43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION...... 46
REFERENCES...... 49 APPENDICES...... 52 APPENDIX 1: Data of subtitle strategies...... 52 APPENDIX 2: Data of categorization of swear words ...... 59
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LIST OF TABLES
No Table Page
Table 1: Sample of Data Collection 19
Table 2: Sample of RQ1 21
Table 3: Sample of RQ2 22
Table 4: Gotltieb’s Strategy Used in Indonesian Subtitle Titans 24 Season 2 Episode 11 and 12
Table 5: The Data Findings of The Reasons of Swearing 33
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ABSTRACT
SALSABILA, ELLA. (2020). Subtitle Strategies and Categorization Of Swear Words In The DC Universe's Series "Titans" Season 2 Episode 11 and 12. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Titans TV Series is an adaptation series based on DC Universe’s well- known comic series, Teen Titans. This series tells how Dick Grayson, commonly known as Batman's Robin, struggles to create his own team to defeat a cruel criminal named Deathstorm. After successfully forming a team, obstacles came to Dick and his team and tested their cooperation and loyalty. This thesis focuses on the subtitle strategies in rendering the Indonesian subtitle and the categorization of swear words in the series. There are two objectives in this research. The first objective is to categorize the swear words in the subtitle of the series. The second objective is to reveal the translation strategies applied in rendering the Indonesian subtitle of the TV series. This undergraduate thesis use qualitative research and applying library methods. The library method improves data and analysis by collecting knowledge and expert hypotheses through papers, books, and other sources in order to examine translation strategies and the categorization of swear words in the series. The result shows that there are four explanations for swearing in the TV series. There are auxiliary swearing (37%), followed by both expletive swearing and abusive swearing (27%), and the last is humorous swearing (10%). The result shows that the most frequent swear words’ categorization is auxiliary swearing, showing that the main characters used swear words without an empathic tone, and it is just the way they are speaking. The result also shows that the translation strategies applied in rendering the English subtitle to the Indonesian subtitles are six of Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies. There are paraphrase (43%), followed by transfer (27%), condensation and dislocation with (13%) each, and the last is deletion and expansion with (3%) each. The result shows that the most frequent subtitling strategies applied are paraphrases with 43% occurrence indicating the translator tried to maintain the atmosphere of anger and affirmation in the emotions shed by the characters so that the message conveyed does not differ from the source text even though it had to add a few words.
Keywords: categorization of swear words, swear words, subtitle strategies, Titans
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ABSTRAK
SALSABILA, ELLA. (2020). Subtitle Strategies and Categorization Of Swear Words In The DC Universe's Series "Titans" Season 2 Episode 11 and 12. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Titans TV Series adalah seri televisi yang diadaptasi dari seri komik ternama milik DC Universe, Teen Titans. Serial ini menceritakan bagaimana Dick Grayson yang biasa dikenal sebagai Batman's Robin berjuang membuat tim sendiri untuk mengalahkan penjahat kejam bernama Deathstorm. Setelah berhasil membentuk tim, rintangan pun datang menghampiri Dick dan timnya dan menguji kerjasama dan kesetiaan mereka. Skripsi ini fokus dalam strategi penerjemahan di takarir Bahasa Indonesia dan kategorisasi kata umpatan di dalam seri. Ada dua objektif di skripsi ini. Pertama, untuk mengungkapkan strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan di takarir Bahasa Indonesia dari serial TV Titans season 2 episode 11 dan 12. Kedua, mengungkapkan mengapa karakter utama menggunakan kata umpatan di serial TV. Skripsi ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif, dimana penelitian menggunakan metode riset buku dan jurnal yang bertujuan untuk membantu mengembangkan data dan analisis dengan menambah pengetahuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan adanya empat kategori bahasa umpatan di serial TV. Yang pertama adalah kata umpatan penghubung (37%), lalu kata lontaran dan kata kejam masing-masing (27%), terakhir kata humoris (10%). Dari hasil ini, kategori bahasa umpatan yang sering digunakan adalah kata penghubung, menunjukkan bahwa karakter utama menggunakan kata umpatan tanpa menghina atau menunjukkannya ke siapapun, itu hanya cara mereka berbicara. Dapat ditemukan pula strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan berjumlah enam strategi dari strategi penerjemahan Gottlieb. Dimulai dari parafrase (43%), transfer (27%), kondensasi dan dislokasi (13%), lalu terakhir delesi dan ekspansi (3%). Dari hasil di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi penerjemahan yang sering digunakan adalah parafrase, menandakan penerjemah mencoba untuk mempertahankan suasana emosi yang dikeluarkan oleh karakter sehingga pesan dapat tersampaikan dengan baik tanpa mengubah kalimat walaupun perlu menambahkan beberapa kata.
Kata kunci: categorization of swear words, swear words, subtitle strategies, Titans
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Language is the way to help people deliver their message to others. In order to make people understand, the function of language is to communicate between people. Often, if they know the language, specific individuals will understand what people say. If the individual attempts to deliver the message to someone who does not understand the language, it will be problematic. Therefore, translation is required in order to make individuals understand. According to
Trudgill (2000) states that “language is not simply a means of communicating information about the weather or any other subjects but it is a very important means of establishing and maintaining relationships with other people” (p. 15).
This means that language is the very most important for a human to communicate with each other. By using language, people can express their emotions and feelings.
Sometimes, the barrier between human conversation is the inability to understand each other when the language they speak is different. for that, to avoid misunderstandings and inability to understand one another, translation is needed.
Translation is translating words or text from one language into another, according to the description. The translation seeks to convey the original tone and context of a document, taking into account the cultural and regional differences between the
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source and target languages. Hatim and Munday define translation as “The process of transferring a written text from the source language (SL) to target language (TL)” (Hatim and Munday, 2004:6).
Our society believes that in language, there are some words are considered as taboo words, especially when they want to express their anger, disappointment, and annoyance. Taboo is commonly synonymous with something that is controversial in society and should not be discussed. Taboos, according to Allan and Burridge, are social restrictions on an individual's actions that can cause embarrassment, hurt, or injury (2006: 1). Topics that are taboo in society can gradually change over time. Hughes (2006: 462) adds that while taboo used to be synonymous with religious, sexual, or racial topics that should be avoided, it is now closely associated with any social contact, both action and speech, that should be avoided. Furthermore, taboo terms do not actually include "badness."
They even add their own benefit to the table. Stronger verbal taboos, according to
Hayakawa, are helpful when people are upset. Rather than voicing their frustration by aggression, they can prefer to say taboo words that are innocuous rather than take harsh physical action that might hurt or injure anyone or something
(Eschholz, 1978: 232-3). In fact, swearing is characterized as the use of forbidden words in specific situations or in response to emotional expressions.
The use of swear words is mostly spread through social interactions. As stated by Jay, swearing is the employment of taboo language in order to express the speaker’s emotional feeling and to communicate information to the listeners
(Jay and Janschewitz, 2008: 268). It implies that the language which is employed
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in swearing is intended to reflect someone’s emotion. Similarly, Ljung states that swearing is emotive language, in which its primary function is to express the speaker’s feelings (2011: 4). Therefore, swearing is a tool to express the speaker’s emotion toward something, or it can also be addressed to someone.
The use of swear words become more frequent on the media, such as television, TV series, movie, and song lyric in recent years. TV series is an example of taboo and offensive language development. American TV series has used taboo as a language that has become part of their everyday lives. One of the
American TV series that use swear words is the Titans TV series. A brief explanation, Titans, is an American TV series created by Akiva Goldsman, Geoff
Johns, and Greg Berlanti for DC Universe. Centered on the DC Comics team,
Teen Titans, the series depicts a group of young heroes joining forces to battle evil. Titans premiered on October 12, 2018, and the first season contained eleven episodes. A thirteen-episode second season premiered on September 6, 2019, and a third season is expected to begin in 2020.
This research aim to analyze the subtitle strategies that occurred in rendering the Indonesian subtitle of the TV series, especially in episode 11 and 12 since these two episodes are the climax of season 2. On the other hand, this research is to find out the categorization of swear words which are uttered by the characters in the TV series. In addition, according to Holmes (2013: 283), swearwords have different functions when they are performed in different social contexts. They can express annoyance, aggression, and insult, or they may also express solidarity and friendliness.
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B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background that is mentioned above, there will be two research questions formulated in this study:
1. What is the categorization of swear words in the TV series?
2. What strategies are applied in rendering the Indonesian subtitle of DC
Universe’s Series Titans Season 2 Episode 11 and 12?
C. Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are to find out the categorization of swear words in the TV series and to determine the translation strategies applied in rendering the Indonesian Subtitle of DC Universe’s Series Titans Season 2
Episode 11 and 12.
D. Definition of Terms
In this research, there are specific terms that are used in the analysis. There are DC Universe, subtitling, subtitle strategies, swear words, and Titans. These terms must be explained to avoid misunderstanding between the readers and the explanation that the researcher intended.
The first term is DC Universe. The DC Universe (Detective Comic
Universe) is the fictional shared universe where most stories in American comic book titles published by DC Comics take place. DC superheroes such as
Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Martian Manhunter, The Flash, Green
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Lantern, and Aquaman are from this universe, and it also contains well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, Brainiac, Gorilla Grodd, Sinestro,
Deathstroke, Cheetah, and Darkseid. In context, the term "DC Universe" usually refers to the main DC continuity.
The second term is Subtitling. Based on Gottlieb (2004), subtitling is rendering the message spoken by the character in the film into written text presented on-screen at the same time while the message is spoken (p.86).
The third term is Subtitling strategies. Subtitle translation’s aim is to translate a verbal language to written and to transfer the information to the viewers in a limited space.
The fourth term is Swear Words. Wajrnyb (2005, p.35) mentions “swear words originate as one of the bad languages but becomes conventionalized in a recognizably social form”.
The fifth term is Titans. Titans is an American superhero television series in the year of 2018 Created by Akiva Goldsman, Greg Berlanti, and Geoff Johns.
The series tells a story about a group of young heroes who join forces in their war against evil, based on the DC Comics team Teen Titans.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter contains a review of related studies, a review of related theories, and a theoretical framework. A review of related studies elaborates on the previous studies conducted by other researchers to compare and give a broader knowledge of this study. A review of related theories elaborates on the theory of subtitling strategies, taboo and swear words, and categorization of swear words.
Meanwhile, the theoretical framework elaborates on the theories supporting solving problem formulation.
A. Review of Related Studies
1. Ineke’s thesis “Swear Words Translation of Indonesian Subtitle in SPY Movie: A Study of Subtitle Strategies and Readability”
In Ineke’s thesis, two research questions are talking about the strategies applied in the Indonesian subtitle of swear words in Spy movie and how readable is the Indonesian subtitle of swear words in Spy movie (Ineke, 2019).
The similarity between Ineke’s thesis and the reseracher’s thesis is the study’s object, which is the swear words in a movie. Other than that, the problem formulation is also similar to discussing the strategies applied in the Indonesian subtitle. In her thesis, Ineke collected the data based on words, phrases, or sentences with swear words in English subtitles that are later compared to
Indonesian translation.
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Ineke also used Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies, which also becomes the similarity with this study.
The differences between Ineke’s thesis and this study is the problem formulation. Ineke focuses on readability while this study focuses on categorizing the swear words.
2. Kusumawardani’s thesis “An Analysis of Subtitling Strategies Used in
Wonder Woman Movie”
In Kusumawardani’s thesis, the thesis has one research question that talk about the type of swear words used by the character of Wonder Woman movie
(Kusumawardani, 2018).
Kusumawardani included the types of swear words that are similar to what the researcher use in this study. The differences from the thesis and the researcher’s study are the problem formulation. Kusumawardani’s thesis focuses only on the subtitle strategies that occurred in the movie, while for the researcher’s study, it focuses on the subtitle strategies and the reason using swear words in the TV series.
3. Aditia’s thesis “An Analysis of Taboo Word and Swear Word In
Dustin Lee Abraham’s How High Movie”
In Aditia’s thesis, the researcher has two research questions to talk about: the type of swear words used by the character of the movie and why they used the swear word (Aditia, 2011).
Aditia included the types of swear words that are similar to what the researcher use in this study. The types of swear words used to categorize the
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swear words used by the character of Titans TV series. The difference between this study and the researcher’s study is that this study used the different types of swear words methods used to categorize the swear words. Aditia talks about the strong and weak swear words; meanwhile, the researcher talks about the categorization of swear words.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Subtitle
There are two types of subtitles according to Gottlieb (1997). The first is intralingual subtitling, which means the process of subtitling within the same language. The second is interlingual subtitling, which means the process of subtitling to other languages. Cintas (2010) add two additional subtitling classifications;
1. Depending on time:
A. Prepared subtitles (offline subtitles)
Offline subtitles is a complete work is done before the program is run or broadcast. Some subtitlers purposely provide edited subtitles or captions to match the needs of their audience, for learners of the spoken dialogue as a second or foreign language, visual learners, beginning readers who are deaf or hard of hearing and for people with learning and/or mental disabilities. For example, films and television programs.
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B. In-live subtitling (online subtitling)
Online subtitles is Real-time translation subtitling usually involves an interpreter and a stenographer working concurrently, whereby the former quickly translates the dialogue while the latter types; this form of subtitling is rare. The unavoidable delay, typing errors, lack of editing, and high cost mean that real- time translation subtitling is in low demand. Allowing the interpreter to directly speak to the viewers is usually both cheaper and quicker; however, the translation is not accessible to people who are deaf and hard-of-hearing.
2. In accordance with the technical parameters: a. Opened Subtitle or hard subtitle
Open subtitle is the subtitle text which is irreversibly merged in original video frames, and so no special equipment or software is required for playback. Hence, complex transition effects and animation can be implemented, such as karaoke song lyrics using various colors, fonts, sizes, animation (like a bouncing ball) etc. to follow the lyrics. However, these subtitles cannot be turned off unless the original video is also included in the distribution as they are now part of the original frame, and thus it is impossible to have several variants of subtitling, such as in multiple languages. b. Close subtitle or soft subtitle
subtitles are, like closed captions, separate instructions, usually a specially marked up text with time stamps to be optimally displayed during playback. It requires player support and, moreover, there are multiple incompatible (but usually reciprocally convertible) subtitle file formats, but enables greater versatility in
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post-production. Soft subs are relatively easy to create and change, and thus are frequently used for fan subs.
There are some challenges that all translators face every time they subtitle:
According to Cintas (2010), this is a significant type of challenge in the subtitling process, which causes some restrictions. In contrast to the translation of written texts, the translator's work. They were classified into three: a. The first one is Space. Space means that translators are limited by a limited
number of characters through the subtitling process. b. The second one is Time. Time is another technical restriction requiring
subtitles to run on the screen for no more than six seconds. c. The third one is Spotting. Spotting is that the subtitles on the screen must be
carefully aligned with the dialog. However, subtitling does not require
subtitling, but may include other meaningful signs, letters, or other written
words.
2. Subtitle Translation Strategies
Strategies here are the techniques used by translators to translate words, phrases, or speech. According to Gottlieb (1997), there are 10 subtitling strategies as follows:
1. Expansion
The expansion means giving additional meaning in the target language.
For example, the sentence in the dead day is translated into Itu terjadi di bebek mati (hari itu, seekor bebek mati kena lemparan rotiku)’that day, a dead duck got hit by my bread’.
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2. Paraphrase
This strategy is used when the translator wants to explain the translation according to their opinion. For example, the source text “Turn back no longer” is translated into Jangan lagi melihat masa lalu ‘don’t ever look at the past’.
3. Transfer
This strategy is used when the translator wants to move from the source text to the target text literally. For example, the source text “Turn back no longer” is translated into Jangan lagi melihat-lihat ke belakang ‘don’t ever look at the back’.
4. Imitation
This strategy is used when the translator wants to rewrite what is in the source text to the target text. This strategy is usually used when translating character names to match the source text; for example, the sentence “Amelia, will you let me dance with you?” is translated into Amelia, boleh aku berdansa denganmu? ‘Amelia, can I dance with you?’.
5. Transcription
This strategy is used when the translator wants to change or rewrite some words to suit the appropriate sentence function. From the sentence, “No,
Divorziata” translated into Tidak, bercerai ‘no, divorce’.
6. Condensation
The technique of condensation is implemented by shortening the source text. The subtitler or translator excludes unimportant utterance in this approach.
However, this strategy can make the losing of pragmatics effect that it should be
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transferred into the target language. The example, the sentences “So glad to finally meet you. Nice to meet you” is translated into senang akhirnya bisa bertemu dengan anda. Sama-sama ‘so happy finally can meet you, you are welcome’.
7. Decimation
Decimation is a condensation that is extreme. This technique is commonly used to translate the conversation or utterance of the actors when they quarrel, often when they talk loudly and with rapid speed. The example, the sentences
“What, drawn, and talk of peace?” is translated into damai? ‘peace?’.
8. Deletion
Deletion strategy means that some source texts are deleted because the translator/subtitler believes that those parts are unnecessary. The difference between deletion and condensation is that no part is deleted in condensation, or it is just condensed, but in deletion strategy, some parts are deleted by the translator.
For example, the sentences, “my son, please, please, please buy a ticket,” are translated into anakku, tolong, tolong belilah tiket ‘my son, please, please buy the ticket’.
9. Dislocation
Dislocation is adopted when a special effect is used by the SL, such as a silly song in a cartoon movie, where the translation of the effect is more important than the material. For example, the sentence, “Spider-Pig,Spider-Pig, does whatever a Spider-Pig does, can he swing, from a web? No he can’t, he’s a pig,
Look out! He is Spider-Pig” is translated into Babi, Labalaba. Melakukan apapun
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yang dilakukan Babi Labalaba. Dapatkah ia berayun dari jaringnya? Tidak bisa, dia seekor babi. Lihatlah. Dia seekor Babi Labalaba ‘pig, spider, doing anything what pig spider does. Can it swing from their web? No, it is a pig. Look, it is a pig spider’.
10. Resignation
Resignation is done when there is no solution in transferring the message from
SL into TL. Automatically, the meaning of the source text is not transferred into the target language, or in other words, it is “untranslatable.” For example, the sentence “it begins when the object of your affection” is translated into no translation since it is lost in the meaning.
3. Taboo/Swear Words
Based on Jay (2009), Taboo words are prohibited or limited at both the institutional and individual levels, assuming that if a taboo word is spoken, any harm will result. Taboos appear on some expression types at the institutional level from authorities that have the power to regulate speech and may act as arbiters of harmful speech. Good examples are courts of law, religious figures, educators, and mass media managers. By regulating and punishing those who violate prohibitions, the authorities that make a taboo speech exercise their authority to do so.
Jay (2009) also stated that critical institutions such as religion and the media had approved taboo words. These words are then prohibited from being used to raise children. Native speakers understand taboo words, but they do not understand the psychological complications and why people use the language in
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their daily lives. The use of offensive language and taboo has become commonplace among the public. The occurrence of swearing (ubiquity), although the frequency data is not always appreciated in laboratory research. The 10-word set, which has remained stable over the last 20 years, accounts for 80 percent of public swearing. Swearing is positively correlated with extraversion and type-a hostility but negatively correlated with kindness, conscientiousness, religiosity, and sexual anxiety.
The uniquely human faculty of swearing has evolved and continues because taboo words can communicate emotional information (anger, frustration) more quickly than non-taboo words, allowing speakers to achieve various personal and social goals (utility). A neuro-psycho-social framework is offered to unify the research of the word taboo. Suggestions for future research are being offered (Jay, 2009).
4. Categorization of Swear Words
Swear words are not just the language used to swear and show anger but they have categories that differentiate them. It is the categories that distinguish how a swear word is used or at what time it is used.
“Swear Words in this category are not geared towards an individual or a situation. It means that it was uttered as the way the speaker talk.” (Andersson and
Trudgill, 1992). Andersson and Trudgill (1992) also mentions the four categories of using swearing. They named the four categories into Expletive, abusive, humorous, and auxiliary swearing.
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A. Expletive Swearing
Expletive swearing is when the speaker uttered the swear words as the expression of their emotion such as anger, disappointment, frustration, and panic.
B. Abusive Swearing
Abusive swearing is when the swear words were often used because the characters uttered the swear words directed to the other characters.
C. Humorous Swearing
Humorous swearing is when the swear words were used playfully even though it was uttered toward another character.
D. Auxiliary Swearing
Auxiliary swearing is when it was uttered as the way the speaker talks or its just their way of speaking without directed to anyone or anything.
C. Theoretical Framework
This section is an explanation of the relevant theories, which will help the researcher to conduct the study in order to answer the research questions. The used theories are mostly about subtitle strategies, taboo words, and swear words.
The first aim is to find out the reason for using swear words. The second aim is to analyze the strategies applied in rendering the Indonesian subtitle of DC
Universe’s Series “Titans Season 2 Episodes 11 and 12.
To answer the first research question, the researcher will use the theory from
Andersson and Trudgill’s (1992) theories about the swear words classification.
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The theories from Andersson and Trudgill (1992) explain the swear words’ characteristics that can differentiate them.
To answer the second research question, the searcher uses the theory from
Gottlieb’s (1997) subtitling strategies since his theory is used for numerous research about subtitling strategies, and it helped this research to find the suitable strategies.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is mainly divided into four sections: first is areas of research, explaining the field of the research, second is the object of the study, explaining the focus of this research, third is the method of study, explaining how this research will be analyzed, and the fourth is research procedures, explaining the step of collecting the data to be analyzed.
A. Areas of Research
This research focuses on the subtitle translation strategies on the
Indonesian subtitle of Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12 and the categorization of swear words. Based on Williams and Chesterman (2002), this research is categorized as multimedia translation. It states that in subtitles, “the excellent overview of a field where research deals with is the technical constraints of subtitling where it deals with time and space” (Williams, 2002, p. 14). In this study, the researcher observes source text and target text to find the translation strategies and their types of swear words. Each source text in subtitles contains many swear words that are sometimes difficult to translate into the target text.
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B. Object of the Study
The objects of this study are the words and sentences containing swear words in the Indonesian subtitles of Titans Season 2 ep 11 and 12 in order to find the subtitle strategies and the categorization of swear words being uttered.
The Titans Season 2 is an American web television series created by
Akiva Goldsman, Geoff Johns, and Greg Berlanti for DC Universe. Based on the
DC Comics team Teen Titans, the series depicts a group of young heroes who join forces fighting against evil. The English subtitle and the Indonesian subtitle of the series are made by Netflix Original since this series aired on September 2019 only on Netflix, not in any other movie platform.
C. Method of the Study
This study is a qualitative research applying library research methods.
Qualitative research method, according to George (2008, p. 7) is intended for the research which resulted in words, images, or nonnumeric symbols. Library research is a study used to collect information and data with the help of various kinds of material in the library such as documents, books, magazines, historical stories, etc. In this research, the researcher used documents, books, and journals in order to analyze the data. Beside using documents, the researcher also used other researchers studies that had been conducted regarding the topic of swear words as the resource of analysis.
These method is applied to solve two questions mentioned in Chapter I, which are to find the strategies used and the swear words’ types from the subtitle.
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D. Research Procedure
1. Types of Data
For this research, the researcher used the TV series Titans Season 2 episode 11 and 12 English subtitles. After that, the researcher collected the data in the form of words or sentences. The researcher compared the English subtitle and
Indonesian Subtitle in order to analyze the first research question. Then, the researcher focuses on the English and Indonesian subtitle that contains the swear words in order to analyze the research questions. The researcher analyses the
English and Indonesian subtitles of the swear words in order to be able to find the subtitle translation strategies. In order to analyze the reason the main character using swear words, the researcher analyze the English subtitle.
2. Data Collection
All of the data was collected based on words and sentences that contain swear words in English subtitles. The first step is to watch the TV series, especially in episode 11 and 12. After that, collecting the data by finding the phrases that contains swear words and manually type it into a table. After collecting the data, the English subtitle was compared to the Indonesian subtitle.
The data collection were organized like in the below:
Table 1. Sample of Data Collection
Sub-titling No. Data ST No. Data TT Strategy 4/ST/04:37- She told you to 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia mengusir paraphrase 04:39 fuck off 04:39 mu Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce responded to Dick’s statement about him entering Adeline’s house
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In which,
No. Data : Number of data (the first number of code)
ST : Abbreviation of Source Text
TT : Abbreviation of Target Text
00:00 : duration
Sub-titling Strategy : Gottlieb’s category of subtitling translation strategy
Speaker : the character who speak the swear words
Context : explanation about the context that the words are being used.
3. Population and Sample
There are 30 data of swear words collected. For the subtitle strategies, there are 6 populations, while for categorization of swearing, there are 4 populations. The use of samples applies to analyzing the categorization of the swear words and to analyze subtitle strategies in order to get a valid result.
The researcher uses the Proportional sampling method and uses all of the data that was divided according to Gotlieb (1992) theory about subtitle strategies and Andersson and Trudgill (1992) theory about categorization of swearing.
This data is considered as enough because it can represent each phenomenon that appears in each of the categories, which is: paraphrase strategy, dislocation strategy, condensation category, transfer category, deletion category, and expansion strategy, and also can categorize the categorization of swearing.
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4. Data Analysis
There are two steps in order to answer the research questions. The first one is to examine the categorization of the swear words. To analyze the categorization, the researcher use a table to divide the phrases into each of the category just like the table below:
Table 2. Sample of RQ1
categorizatio Code ST Code TT n 4/ST/04:37- She told you to 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia Expletive 04:39 fuck off 04:39 mengusirmu swearing
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce responded to Dick’s statement about him entering Adeline’s house
The researcher divided the swear words based on the theories from
Andersson and Trudgill (1992) of classification of swear words’ types. After dividing the swear words, at the bottom of the table of data, the researcher analyzed each of the data by explaining the phenomena based on the context tone that the words are being used in the series.
The second one is to analyze the subtitle strategies on the English Subtitle to Indonesian subtitle. Before that, the researcher gathered all of the data by watching the TV series. Then, the researcher examined the phenomena that occurred in the translation using Gottlieb’s subtitle strategies. The researcher analyzed the subtitle strategies by looking at the syntax of the sentences and the meaning of the words in Indonesian subtitles. For the definition or the meaning of each data, the researcher compared it with a dictionary such as KBBI and
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Mirriam-Webster Dictionary in order to determine whether it contains subtitle strategies or not. After the researcher found the strategies, the researcher organized it using a data collection table to analyze more of each of the words’ subtitle strategies.
Table 3. Sample of RQ2
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 4/ST/04:37- She told you to 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia paraphrase 04:39 fuck off 04:39 mengusirmu
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce responded to Dick’s statement about him entering Adeline’s house
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the researcher explained the result of the problem formulation. This chapter is divided into two parts, the first part is the analysis section of the swear words’ categorization , and the second part is the analysis of the subtitle strategies. The researcher uses proportional sampling in order to analyze the data.
A. Categorization of Swearing
Swear words cannot only be analyzed based on the subtitle strategy but they also have a reason why they are used in a conversation between people. In history, the use of swear words not only expresses anger and emotion to someone when we are upset but also has categories that differentiate the placement of swearing based on context and situation. Andersson and Trudgill (1990) says that swearing is a personal weakness. They mean “your vocabulary is so small that you have to use these 'easy' and 'lazy' words” (Andersson et al, 1990: 63). That is the reason why people use swear words in their daily life.
The researcher found that there were 30 swear words in the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12. The following table was the categorization of swear words found in the TV series.
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Table 4. The Data Findings of the Reasons of Swearing Reasons for Swearing Quantity Percentage (%)
Expletive Swearing 8 27%
Abusive Swearing 8 27%
Humorous Swearing 3 10%
Auxiliary Swearing 11 37%
Total 30 100%
From the table above, it can be seen that the most used reasons for swearing in the TV Series is auxiliary swearing by 37%, followed by expletive and abusive swearing with the same percentage which is 27%, and the less used is humorous swearing with 10% from the total. Moreover, the example of each reason could be seen in the following discussion.
1. Auxiliary Swearing
The first reason for swearing can be found in the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12 was auxiliary swearing.
“Swear Words in this category are not geared towards an individual or a situation.
It means that it was uttered the way the speaker talked.” According to Andersson and Trudgill (1992).
In the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 11
(37%) expressions of auxiliary swearing words. This reason for swearing is the biggest among them, meaning that it is often used in a conversation. Auxiliary swearing words are the most used swearing words because most of the lines that
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the characters uttered are their way of speaking. They often used swear words to shift some words or as an affix.
Code ST Code TT categorization
20/ST/29:38- You gotta be 20/TT/29:38- auxiliary Yang benar saja 29:40 fucking kidding me 29:40 swearing
Speaker: Donna Troy
Context: Donna’s response to the breaking news about Dick being imprisoned
The dialogue from the datum above happened when Titans gathered in the bar and saw breaking news of Dick Grayson being imprisoned because of
Batman's violent attitude. After what happened to Dick, Donna Troy responded to the news. The swear words fucking referred to anything, but Donna used the word fucking since it was her way of speaking, and it was uttered without any emphatic tone. Meanwhile in the Indonesian translation, there isn’t any translation to translate the word fucking. The translator omitted the swear word because it's just Donna’s way of speaking. It is unnecessary to translate it into Indonesian.
Hence, it is categorized as auxiliary swearing words.
Code ST Code TT categorization
19/ST/25:44- The hell are you 19/TT/25:44- Apa yang kau auxiliary 25:46 doing in here? 25:46 lakukan disini? swearing
Speaker: Rachel
Context: Rachel asked to Corry why she is in the bar
The conversation of the datum above is when Rachel met Corry in a bar coincidentally. Rachel was surprised by Corry’s presence since they have not been
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talking for almost two months. The word the hell uttered by Rachel is just the way she was speaking. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word hell means an expression used to express annoyance or surprise for emphasis. If we translated it into Indonesian, the word hell is neraka. She did not expect that she would meet Corry in a situation like that. As we can see also that she uttered the swear words as an affix. Moreover, it is categorized as auxiliary swearing words.
Code ST Code TT categorization Beberapa hari ini 15/ST/24:52- Im having a really 15/TT/24:52- auxiliary sangat 24:54 shitty few days, 24:54 swearing menyebalkan Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry talked to the waiter about her unfortunate day
The conversation above is between Corry and the bar’s waitress. Corry was in an unstable mental where her sister was manipulating her. Then, Corry told the waitress about her life since the waitress asked why she was upset. Corry did not imply an empathic tone while uttering the word shitty. The word could be meant anything, but it is just her way of speaking. According to Merriam-Webster
Dictionary the word shitty means extremely bad or unpleasant. The word shitty if we translated it into Indonesian is menyebalkan or buruk sekali means that it is really bad. According to research by (Jacobl, 2014. P. 33) about perceptions of profanity that black people tended to use swear-words as their way of speaking, it meant that sometimes they use swear-words to be a plus to their conversation without offending anyone or anything. this is why Corry use swear words in her
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way of speaking. As we can see also that she uttered the swear words as a suffix.
Nevertheless, it is categorized as auxiliary swearing words.
2. Expletive Swearing
The second reason for swearing in the TV series Titans season 2 episode
11 and 12 was expletive swearing. As stated by Andersson and Trudgill (1992), this reason for swearing is when the speaker utters the expression of their emotion such as anger, disappointment, frustration, and panic.
In the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 8
(27%) expressions of expletive swearing words uttered by the characters. This function of swearing is commonly used in a TV series or movies to express their emotion and impact their conversation.
Code ST Code TT Categorization
30/ST/06:48- 30/TT/06:48- expletive Holy shit Sial 06:49 06:49 swearing
Speaker: Rachel
Context: Rachel shocked at her own vision when she did tarot reading with Dani
The dialogue above tells a situation where Rachel met Dani, a tarot reader while escaping Dick and Titans’ truth. Dani read Rachel’s tarot card. Dani opened the card one by one. As Dani opened the last card, Rachel had a vision of her meeting Dick in a graveyard. Dick told Rachel to help him. Rachel uttered the swear words holy shit to express his emotion of shock. The word holy shit is translated into sial. According to KBBI the word sial means unfortunate or bad
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luck. Therefore, the words holy shit were included in expletive swearing because it was the expression of Rachel being in shocked.
Code ST Code TT categorization
2/ST/03:48- 2/TT/03:48- expletive Fuck Sial 03:50 03:50 swearing
Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick’s response to Bruce
The dialogue above was telling a situation where Bruce came to Dick while he was imprisoned. Bruce talked to Dick in his head. Bruce told Dick that all of his plans were sucks and Dick would never save Jerricho. Dick was angry because every plan that he made failed one by one. The word fuck was uttered to express the emotion of anger. The word fuck according to Merriam-Webster
Dictionary means used as a personal or reflexive pronoun. The word fuck translated into sial means bad luck or something bad will happen. Therefore, the swear words fuck were included in expletive swear words because it was the form of anger expression from Dick.
3. Abusive Swearing
Code ST Code TT categorization
27/ST/34:45- Why you being 27/TT/34:45- Kenapa kau jadi abusive 34:47 such an asshole? 34:47 berengsek? swearing
Speaker: Rose Context: Rose being offended over Jason’s statement about her effort to cooling the atmosphere down
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The third reason for swearing was abusive swearing. As stated by
Andersson and Trudgill (1992), this reason was often used because the characters uttered the swear words directed to the other characters.
The context of the conversation was when Rose and Jason talked to each other about their past life. Jason told everything and was transparent to Rose, while Rose did not even want to open up to him, which made Jason frustrated and cursed at Rose. Rose got offended and swore at Jason and called him an asshole. The word asshole is usually used to cat-call someone in a conversation. Rose directly called Jason an asshole because of her frustration over
Jason. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary the word asshole means a stupid, annoying, or detestable person. The word asshole translated into brengsek.
The word brengsek according to KBBI means a bad person or an annoying person. Therefore, the words an asshole was categorized as abusive swearing because it was used to directly address another character.
Code ST Code TT categorization
12/ST/20:55- 12/TT/20:55- abusive Fuck off! Enyah! 20:57 20:57 swearing
Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick told Bruce to get away from his head
The dialogue happened when Dick hallucinated, and he could hear Bruce talking to him inside his head. Bruce told Dick to break free from prison since it did not help him be imprisoned and abandoned his team because of guilt. Dick is frustrated over Bruce’s pressure on him and swears at Bruce. As we can see that
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Dick used swear words to express his feeling of anger and frustration. The word fuck off according to Merriam-Webster dictionary means to go away. The swear word translated into enyah. In KBBI, the word enyah means go away. The word enyah is also categorized as a swear word in KBBI. In short, these swear words were categorized into abusive swearing because Dick used the swear words as an expression of frustration and directly insulted Bruce.
No. Data ST No. Data TT categorization
1/ST/02:51- Gar: Screw you, 1/TT/02:51- Persetan kau, abusive 02:54 Rachel! 02:54 Rachel! swearing
Speaker: Gar Context: Gar was being a guinea pig and he is hallucinating while talking to the nurse that looks like Rachel.
The conversation above happened when Gar was kidnapped by the enemies and made them their guinea pig to know about Titans' weakness. Due to the aftereffect of the medicine that the lab person gave to Gar, he began to hallucinate. He saw Rachel mocking him and hated him. The words screw you was uttered by Gar while throwing a tantrum. The swear words were used to insult the other character, Rachel. The word screw you according to Merriam-
Webster Dictionary is a word often used as a generalized curse. The swear words then translated into persetan. The word persetan in KBBI means I don’t care. It's a word used to say when we don’t want to know anymore. In KBBI the word is categorized as swear words in Indonesia. Furthermore, it was categorized as abusive swearing since it was addressed directly to another character.
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4. Humorous Swearing
The last reason for swearing found in the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12 was humorous swearing. As stated by Andersson and Trudgill
(1992), this reason was used playfully even though it was uttered toward another character.
The researcher found 3 (11%) expressions of humorous swearing. Most of the time, the character uttered the swear words in a not playful way. That is the reason why this reason was the least type of reason used in the TV series.
Code ST Code TT categorization
3/ST/04:09- Perhaps the fucking 3/TT/04:09- Mungkin dari humorous 04:10 rat did 04:10 tikus swearing
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce response after seeing Dick coughing
The dialogue above was when Bruce and Dick talked about how stupid
Dick’s plans were. While they were talking to each other, Dick coughed. Bruce was joking, saying that the reason why Dick was coughing was because of rats that were living in prison. The swear words fucking rat uttered playfully. Besides, after Bruce said that, Dick laughed. the translator translated the word perhaps the fucking rat did into mungkin dari tikus maintaining the message of the text so that it had the same expression as the Source Text. Nevertheless, these swear words were included in humorous swearing.
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Code ST Code TT categorization
10/ST/20:26- Oh, cry me a 10/TT/20:26- humorous Jangan cengeng 20:28 fucking river 20:28 swearing
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce mocking over Dick’s whining to not obeying him
The conversation of the dialogue above was when Bruce told Dick to obey him since he always made a mistake. Bruce wanted that Dick to not make any mistake anymore. Dick whined, saying that he did not want to obey Bruce because he was no longer a child. The swear words fucking uttered by Bruce to playfully mocked Dick’s whined. The word cry me a fucking river is actually an idiomatic means weep profusely or excessively in the presence of another person.
The translator translated into jangan cengeng to deliver the expression that Bruce said to Dick and make it more understandable for the audience so that the audience could understand properly. Furthermore, it was categorized as humorous swearing.
Code ST Code TT categorization
21/ST/31:50- 21/TT/31:50- humorous Hell nah Tidak 31:51 31:51 swearing
Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry answering Rachel’s question about corry leave to find Dick
The dialogue above happened when Rachel and Corry met and decided to find Gar. All Rachel knew was that Corry had gone on a long journey to find
Dick’s whereabouts. Then, Rachel asked Corry if she still wants to find Dick or
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not. The swear words hell Nah was uttered by Corry as the response to Rachel’s question. It means that Corry didn’t want to find Dick anymore and swerved to find where Gar was. Corry uttered the word hell nah in a playful way. She addressed the swear words to Dick. Therefore, it was categorized as humorous swearing.
B. Strategies of Subtitle Translation
After reviewing the data with Gottlieb (1992) strategies, there were six strategies found in the translation of the swear words: dislocation, paraphrase, condensation, transfer, deletion, and expansion. The number of the appearance of each data is shown in the chart below:
Table 5. Gottlieb’s Strategy used in Indonesian Subtitle Titans Season 2 Episode 11 and 12 series Subtitle Strategy Quantity Percentage (%) Paraphrase 12 40% Condensation 4 13% Transfer 8 27% Dislocation 4 13% Deletion 1 3% Expansion 1 3% Total 30 100%
The table showed the distribution of the data about the strategies that are used in the Indonesian subtitle in the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12.
The strategy that is the most frequently used by the translator is paraphrase strategy with 12 data, followed by transfer strategy with 8 data, condensation and
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dislocation with 4 data each, and the last is deletion and expansion with 1 data each. The data will be discussed below.
1. Paraphrase
Paraphrase strategy is the translator's way of translating the source language into the target language without altering the message. This technique is generally used to make the target language easier for audiences to understand.
From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 12 expressions of swear words using paraphrase strategy. This strategy was the most- often used to translate the subtitle of TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and
12.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 4/ST/04:37- She told you to 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia paraphrase 04:39 fuck off 04:39 mengusirmu
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce responded to Dick’s statement about him entering Adeline’s house
The conversation context was when Dick told Bruce that when Dick went to Jericho’s home and met his mother, Jericho’s mother told Dick to go away from her house, and then Bruce responded. The paraphrase strategies appear in the sentence above is the phrase fuck off that translated into mengusirmu. The word mengusirmu in English is get rid of you. In a literal way, the word fuck is translated as sialan. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word fuck defines as a vulgar term: to deal with unfairly or harshly. Meanwhile, according to KBBI the word sialan means kas untuk memaki. Here, the translator
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translated the phrase differently. The translator toning down the swear words in the target text in order to fit the standard Indonesian language. Since the context of the conversation is about Dick was being kicked out of Adeline’s house, the translator translated it into mengusirmu. The target language structure may change, but the target language has the same meaning as the source language by watching the TV series.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 11/ST/20:44- 11/TT/20:44- Quitter pengecut paraphrase 20:46 20:46
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce mocked Dick
In this context, Bruce Wayne called Dick Grayson a quitter since Dick could not have confidence, and he did not bravely do what Bruce told him to. In other words, Bruce mocked Dick in the conversation. The word quitter translated into pengecut. In a literal way, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary the word quitter meaning is a person who gives up quickly or does not have any courage to finish a task. Meanwhile in KBBI, the word pengecut means a scared person, a person who doesn't have any courage to reveal the truth. It explained
Dick’s condition in the conversation. The translator paraphrased the ST into TT, which is pengecut to deliver the same meaning as the source text.
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Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 28/ST/34:56- 28/TT/34:56- Melakukan hal Doing stupid shit paraphrase 34:57 34:57 bodoh
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason and Rose had a fight in the musical theater
In this datum, the context of the conversation is when Rose and Jason were fighting verbally. Jason used shit as an exclamatory word to say stuff to make it more harsh and rude. The word shit in literal means As a slang term, it has many meanings, including nonsense, foolishness, something of little value or quality, trivial and usually boastful or inaccurate talk or a contemptible person. It also could be meant to express shock or anger. According to Merriam Webster dictionary the word shit means trivial and usually boastful or inaccurate talk.
Here, the translator used a paraphrase strategy and changed the word shit into hal bodoh ‘stupid thing’ without changing the meaning of the context.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 29/ST/37:43- 29/TT/37:43- Fuck you! Sialan kau! paraphrase 37:45 37:45
Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose had enough with what Jason said about her and decided to throw tantrum
The context of the conversation above is when Rose and Jason got into a fight. Jason knew that Rose was on the Titans’ side and wanted Jason to be back with Titans with her. Jason could not believe Rose because all he knew was that both were running away. Here, the translator used a paraphrase strategy. The
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word fuck is translated into sialan ‘damn’. The word sialan translated into English is damn it. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, the word fuck expresses a surprise or an unpleasantness. The word sialan according to KBBI means kas untuk memaki means something to be mocked at. Therefore, the translator used other swear words in the Target Language so that Rose’ feeling is expressed well in the Target Language.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 8/ST/20:00- You just like 8/TT/20:00- Kau hanya suka paraphrase 20:02 fucking with me 20:02 mempermainkanku
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason angry at Rose for always avoiding his question
This datum was the conversation between Rose and Jason when they fought each other verbally because Rose lied to Jason about her plan with his evil father, who wanted to kill all of the Titans' members, including Jason. Rose said many things to avoid the debate, and Jason called out that Rose is trying to mess up with him. Jason used the word fucking in order to tone up the tone of the conversation. The translator translated the word fucking into mempermainkanku.
The word mempermainkanku if translated into English is playing with me.
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, the word fucking means damned. The translator was toning down the conversation, changing the conversation's structure, and making it suitable for people to understand the context. The word fucking is also included in sexual part references since the word itself has a sexual meaning, the slang term for sexual intercourse.
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2. Condensation
According to Gottlieb, Henrik (1997), Condensation is a subtitle strategy that allows the translator to shorten the subtitle according to the time and space limit to overcome the technical challenges. From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 4 expressions of swear words that were included in condensation strategy.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 18/ST/25:31- The fuck is wrong 18/TT/25:31- Ada apa condensation 25:32 with me? 25:32 denganku?
Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry suddenly losing control of her power
In this datum, the translator used condensation to translate the ST. We can see that the translator did not translate the word fuck. According to Merriam
Webster dictionary the word fuck define as a noun that is used especially with the as meaningless intensive. The word fuck in Indonesian language is brengsek. The translator deleted the unimportant utterance because the translator wanted to emphasize the character’s statement about her and make it more sense since the word fuck if translated in Indonesian language it would not fit with the message of the Source Text. Another reason is the discourse speed. The elimination is simply done based on context-dependence. Viewers need enough time to register, process, and understand what is written in the subtitle. It happens since reading written text takes more time than listening to speeches. That is why the translator
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use condensation strategy in here since the word the fuck is not important in the target text.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 20/ST/29:38- You gotta be 20/TT/29:38- Yang benar saja condensation 29:40 fucking kidding me 29:40
Speaker: Donna Troy
Context: Donna’s response to the breaking news about Dick being imprisoned
In the datum showing the disappointment, the speaker used a swear word in a derogatory tone. According to Merriam Webster dictionary the word fuck define as a noun that is used especially with the as meaningless intensive. The translator then translated it into yang benar saja to eliminate the swear word since it did not fit the Indonesian language's context for using the swear words in sentences. does not change the message of source language into target language when the audiences seeing this movie. The character talked to herself and expressed her annoyance. The translator also used condensation to make the phrase shorter by deleting the swear word to deliver the same meaning as the ST.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 19/ST/25:44- The hell are you 19/TT/25:44- Apa yang kau condensation 25:46 doing in here? 25:46 lakukan disini?
Speaker: Rachel
Context: Rachel asked to Corry why she is in the bar
In this datum, condensation is used to translate the phrase. The translator shortens the phrase and removes the word hell since, with or without the word, the
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phrase's meaning is the same: to ask her what she is doing here at the Bar. The word hell is more or less used as a literal curse. According to Oxford Dictionary, the word hell means a swear word that some people use when they are annoyed or surprised or to emphasize something. Its use is offensive to some people.
3. Dislocation
According to Gottlieb, Henrik (1997), dislocation is a strategy where subtitles differ the expression, adjusting the content (it could be musical or visualized language-specific item). From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 4 expressions of swear words using dislocation strategy.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 12/ST/20:55- 12/TT/20:55- Fuck off! Enyah! Dislocation 20:57 20:57 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick told Bruce to get away from his head
The context of the conversation above was when Dick and Bruce fought.
Bruce was affecting Dick’s mind so that Dick could figure out how to prison break. Dick was so annoyed by Bruce’s presence. Dick swore at Bruce by saying fuck off. According to Merriam Webster dictionary the word fuck off means to go away. The word fuck off is categorized as an abusive swear word since it is addressed to Bruce. Here, Dick wants Bruce to get off from his head. However, he used the abusive because he wanted to intimate Bruce.
Furthermore, this swear word is translated into enyah. The word enyah is also a swear word based on the KBBI. Therefore, the translator used dislocation
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because the word fuck off in the Indonesian language means pergi sana. The translator used enyah because it gives an abusive effect, just like in the SL. It is translated with another word, but the context of the conversation is still maintained.
4. Expansion
According to (Gottlieb, 1992, p. 76), expansion strategy is when target languages need an explanation to make the message clear and understood by viewers, because there might be a different culture of source language with target language. From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found only 1 expression of swear words using expansion strategy.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 22/ST/33:26- I was about to kick 22/TT/33:26- Aku hampir saja Expansion 33:28 his ass 33:28 melakukannya
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason being as truthful as he can be to Rose and talked about his past to her
From the datum above, there is a swear word found in the SL. It is the word ass In here, Jason says the truth about his past to Rose, saying that he wanted to kick Batman’s ass for making him suffer as a robin. He expressed his feelings by swearing. Meanwhile, the translator translated it into melakukannya
‘doing it’. According to Merriam Webster dictionary the word ass means informal or impolite: a stupid , stubborn, or detestable person. It is not categorized as a swear word in the Indonesian Language. The translator used an expansion strategy because the translator tried to change from implicit to explicit meaning. The word
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ass is used to emphasize the action, which means that Jason wants to do what he wants to Batman. Even so, this swear word in the SL is translated into another word in the TL.
5. Deletion
According to (Gottlieb, 1992, p. 76), deletion strategy is used when the translator decides to delete one or some words that are not important from the source language to the target language. From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found only 1 expression of swear words that was using a deletion strategy.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy And she stole my Merampas damn crown and mahkotaku dan 17/ST/25:07- 17/TT/25:07- marooned me on meninggalkanku di deletion 25:11 25:11 this ridiculous planet yang konyol planet ini Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry at the verge of her anger of her sister
Here, the translator used a deletion strategy to delete the word damn from the TT. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary the word damn used to swear at. It is also used to express annoyance, disgust, or surprise. The word damn translated into Indonesian is sialan. The word damn was omitted because the translator also emphasizes the timing and space they have. The word also has little impact on Indonesian translations and Indonesian translations are already strong and have an emotional impact on the characters without having to use the word.
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6. Transfer
According to (Gottlieb, 1992, p. 76), transfer strategy is a strategy that transfers the source language completely to the target language. It means that there isn’t any difference from the SL and the TL. From the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12, the researcher found 8 expressions of swear words that were using transfer strategy. This strategy was the second most often used in the TV series Titans season 2 episode 11 and 12.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 14/ST/23:01- 14/TT/23:01- Tanpa omong without bullshit transfer 23:03 23:03 kosong
Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose want Jason to be as truthful as he can be to her
In this datum, Rose wanted Jason to give her the truth without any hidden fact. She was transparent to each other, just like what the couple did to each other.
Rose wanted Jason to trust her because she loves him. The word bullshit was translated into omong kosong. According to KBBI, the word omong kosong is cakap angin or bualan. While according to Merriam Webster dictionary the word bullshit means to talk foolishly, boastfully, or idly. It was similar in the syntax and meaning because the word bullshit if we translated it into Indonesian, it is omong kosong. Therefore, a transfer strategy was used in this translation process because all the words were translated.
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Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy And people in hell 16/ST/24:57- 16/TT/24:57- Penghuni neraka want ice water, transfer 25:00 25:00 mau air es, nona lady Speaker: Bar’s waitress
Context: the bar’s waitress response to Corry’s
The context of the conversation was about the waiter wanting to tell Corry that they did not sell any donuts. However, Corry insisted on buying donuts. Due to frustration, the waitress responded to Corry. It was a subtle insinuation that the employee gave to Corry because there were no donuts like Corry wanted in their restaurant. The translator translated and people in hell want ice water, lady into penghuni neraka mau air es, nona means that the translator translated the subtitle in the same structure and meaning. There were not any differences between the
Source Language and also the Target Language. Therefore, the translator used the transfer strategy in the datum above.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 7/ST/13:38- I hope he die Kuharap dia 7/TT/13:38-13:39 transfer 13:39 screaming mati menjerit
Speaker: Dani
Context: Dani hate his father because of his abusive personality
In this datum, Dani hate-speeches her dad, saying that she hoped her dad ended up dying. The sentences were translated literally. The word die screaming is translated into mati menjerit. The translator also minimize the word I hope to
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kuharap instead of aku harap. The translator used a transfer strategy and translated it literally. So the ST and the TT are the same phrases and the same meaning.
Subtitling Code ST Code TT Strategy 23/ST/33:28- 23/TT/33:28- Mom was an addict Ibuku pecandu transfer 33:29 33:29
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason talked about his childhood memories to Rose
The first datum talks about Jason’s childhood story about his mother, who is a drug addict. He transparently talked about it without filtering the words. It is included in the psychological condition because his mom is in an unstable condition. The translator simply translated from the Source Text mom was an addict into the Target Text ibukku pecandu. The word addict according to
Merriam-Webster Dictionary means one strongly inclined to do, to use, or indulge in something repeatedly. While in KBBI the word pecandu means addicted to something. The translator maintained the tone of the conversation without changing the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, the translator used the transfer strategy to translate the conversation.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
This chapter contains the conclusion points of discussion in the previous chapter. The purpose of this conclusion is a summary of the problem formulation analysis in Chapter I.
Based on the analysis of the research conducted in this study, Indonesian subtitles’ strategies and patterns from the American TV series entitled Titans
Season 2 episodes 11 and 12 are as follows: 30 data were found of words, sentences, and phrases that contain swear words. The data sample in the previous chapter shows that there are 6 Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies applied in translating the subtitle. It was found 12 data using paraphrase, followed by transfer strategy with 8 data, condensation and dislocation with 4 data each, and the last is deletion and expansion with 1 data each. The researcher also found four categorizations of swear words: 11 data are Auxiliary swearing, 8 data are Expletive swearing and
Abusive swearing, and the last is Humorous swearing with 3 data. By using the proportional sampling method, the researcher found that in using the subtitling strategies, the translator does not only focus on how to transfer the ST into TT that is equivalent to Indonesian subtitle, but the translator also considered divided it based on the categorization of swear words according to Andersson and Trudgill’s theory.
The subtitle strategy commonly used by the translator to transfer the ST to
TT is paraphrase and transfer. The translator uses a paraphrase strategy to
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maintain an atmosphere of anger and affirmation in the emotions shed by the characters so that the message conveyed does not differ from the source text, even though it must add a few words.
Swear and offensive language convey anger and emotion and have their categories according to the words’ usage. According to Andersson and Trudgill’s theory, the data were analyzed, and the results showed that the use of swearing as auxiliary swearing was the highest among the three other categories. It shows that in this TV series, the main characters used swear words because of how they speak in daily conversation. Then, the use of swearing as expletive swearing and abusive swearing has the same amount. It indicates that the main characters also often used swear words to express their emotions. Besides, they also use it to directly utter to other characters. Then, the use of swearing as humorous swearing has the least amount. It means that the main character rarely uses swear words to make jokes.
Furthermore, the translation of the swear words successfully transfers the characters’ expression when using the swear words even though some of the swear words were toned down in order to pass the sensor of subtitle. Even though it has been translated into Indonesian with a specific translation strategy, the reasons for the use of the swear words are still visible in Indonesian translation.
The character uttered the swear words with a certain reason.
For future research, this research focuses on the subtitle strategy and reasons for swearing in Titans Season 2 TV series. The researcher suggest that the
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future researchers can conduct the research in the next season of Titans TV Series or in the other DC Universe TV Series.
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REFERENCES
Aditia, Hendri, (2011). An Analysis Of Taboo Word In Swear Word In Dustin Lee Abraham’s How High Movie (An Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Negeri Islam Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Andersson, Lars Gunnar & Peter Trudgill. (1992). Bad language. London: Penguin.
Bernadeta Ineke Kusuma Dewi. (2019). Swear Words Translation of Indonesian Subtitle in Spy Movie: A Study of subtitle Strategies and Readability (Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Cintas, D and Remael, A. (2010). Audiovisual translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
DC Comics. Titans (2018-present). Retrieved from https://www.dccomics.com/tv/titans
Esterika, Triolinda. (2016). The Analysis Of Swear Words That Are Used by White And Black Characters In 12 Years A Slave Movie (Sarjana Pendidikan Thesis). Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
GALA. (2020). What Is Translation? Retrieved from https://www.gala- global.org/industry/intro-language-industry/what-translation
George, Maryway. (2008). The Elements of Library Research. Princeston: Princeton University Press.
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Gottlieb, H. (1997). Subtitles, translation & idioms. Kbh: Center for translation studies and lexicography, Dept. of English.
Haryanto, Sugeng. (2005). “Subtitling: Di antara Keterbatasan Bahasa Budaya dan Media”. Collection of International Conference on Translation:Translation, Discourse and Culture. Program Pascasarjana: UNS.
Hughes, G. (2006). An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World. New York and London: M.E. Sharpe.
Ineke, Bernadeta. (2019). Swear Words Translation Of Indonesian Subtitle In SPY Movie: A Study of Subtitle Strategies and Readability (An Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Jay, T. (2009). The Utility and Ubiquity of Taboo Words. Perspectives on psychological science, 4(2), 153-161.https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745- 6924.2009.01115.x
Karjalainen, M. (2002). Where Have all the swear words gone: an analysis of the loss of swearwords in two Swedish translations of JD Salinger Catcher in the Rye. Helsinski: Unpublished pro graduate thesis, university of Helsinki. Retrieved April 28, 2020, from https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19330/wherehav.pdf?sequence =3
Khalaf, Bilal Khalid. (2016). An Introduction To Subtitling: Challenges And Strategies. Journal of Translation Studies, 3(1), p. 124.
Marsden, Elizabeth. (2009). What The Fuck? An Analysis of Swearing in Casual Conversation. University of Huddersfield School of Music, Humanities and Media.
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Naomi Ventria Nauly Simanjuntak , Achmad Basari. (2016). Subtitling Strategies in Real Steel Movie. English Department,Dian Nuswantoro University.Semarang.
Nordquist, Richard. (2020, March 9). What Are Swear Words and What Are They Used For?. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/swear-word-term- 1691888
Susetyaningsih, R. (2014). A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Swearing Uttered by the Main Character in the Film the Wolf of Wall Street. Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta State University.(Published Thesis).
Wajnryb, R. (2005). Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language. New York: Free Press
William, Jenny & Andrew Chesterman. (2002). The Map - A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1:
Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
Screw 1/TT/02:51- Persetan kau, 1/ST/02:51-02:54 paraphrase you,Rachel! 02:54 Rachel!
1 Speaker: Gar
Context: Gr was the lab bunny for the Enemies research and he was hallucinating and he swears at Rachel.
2/TT/03:48- 2/ST/03:48-03:50 Fuck Sial dislocation 03:50
2 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Bruce came to Dick’s mind and tried to make Dick make a plan to get out from the prison. But then, Dick was frustrated and yell at Bruce
Perhaps the rat 3/TT/04:09- Mungkin dari condensatio 3/ST/04:09-04:10 did 04:10 tikus n
3 Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Dick was coughing while Bruce explained the reason why he was in Dick’s mind. Dick asked why he was coughing and Bruce responded.
She told you to 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia 4/ST/04:37-04:39 paraphrase fuck off 04:39 mengusirmu
Speaker: Bruce Wayne 4 Context: Dick told Bruce about him visiting Jerricho’s home. Dick met Jerricho’s mom and told her about what Jerricho’s dad did to Jerricho and then Jerricho’s mother told Dick to get out of her house.
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
5/TT/12:38- 5/ST/12:38-12:39 Holy shit Astaga paraphrase 12:39
5 Speaker: Rachel
Context: Rachel was being tarot-read by Dani. When Dani flipped the last card, Rachel had a vision of Dick being murdered.
That man beat Dia menghajarku 6/TT/13:34- 6/ST/13:34:13:37 me until I sampai kencing transfer 13:37 pissed blood darah 6 Speaker: Dani
Context: Dani told Rachel about her past memories with her abusive dad
I hope he die 7/TT/13:38- Kuharap dia mati 7/ST/13:38-13:39 transfer screaming 13:39 menjerit
7 Speaker: Dani
Context: Dani wishing her dad died because she didn’t want to meet him anymore
You just like Kau hanya suka 8/TT/20:00- 8/ST/20:00-20:02 fucking with mempermainkank paraphrase 20:02 me u 8 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick frustrated over Bruce’s offer him to fleeing from the prison because Dick didn’t want to meet Titans anymore since Jerricho’s accident
Moping in this 9/TT/20:13- Meringkuk di sini 9/ST/20:13-20:14 hole like a transfer 20:14 seperti pengecut 9 coward
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
Context: Bruce mocked Dick because Dick chose to be in prison rather than come back making people suffer
Oh, cry me a 10/TT/20:26 10/ST/20:26-20:28 Jangan cengeng paraphrase fucking river -20:28
10 Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce frustrated over Dick’s whines
11/TT/20:44 11/ST/20:44-20:46 quitter Lembek paraphrase -20:46
Speaker: Bruce Wayne 11 Context: Dick told Bruce he was not the right person to find Gar and back to Titans since he was the one who couldn’t save Jerricho. Bruce called Dick quitter since Dick didn’t have any courage.
12/TT/20:55 12/ST/20:55-20:57 Fuck off! Enyah! dislocation -20:57
12 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick swear at Bruce because Bruce told him that he was being a wimpy kid who don’t have any courage to save his friends
Fuck Wayne 13/TT/22:40 Persetan Wayne 13/ST/22:40-22:42 dislocation Manor, Rose -22:42 Manor, Rose
13 Speaker: Jason
Context: Rose and Jason were together in a villa. Rose told Jason that she wanted to visit Wayne Manor, where Bruce and Jason used to live together.
14/TT/23:01 Tanpa omong 14 14/ST/23:01-23:03 No bullshit transfer -23:03 kosong
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose and Jason deep talked about their lives and Rose told Jason to not have any secrets between them because they were both a couple now
Im having a Beberapa hari ini 15/TT/24:52 15/ST/24:52-24:54 really shitty sangat paraphrase -24:54 few days, menyebalkan 15 Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry came to a bar. She wanted to buy doughnuts but the waitress insisted that they didn’t have doughnuts in their bar and Corry complained by talking about her day.
And people in 16/TT/24:57 Penghuni neraka 16/ST/24:57-25:00 hell want ice transfer -25:00 mau air es, nona water, lady 16 Speaker: Waitress
Context: The waitress being sarcastic to Corry telling Corry that there aren't any doughnuts that she wanted.
And she stole my damn Merampas crown and mahkotaku dan 17/TT/25:07 17/ST/25:07-25:11 marooned me meninggalkanku deletion -25:11 on this di planet yang ridiculous konyol ini 17 planet
Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry was mad at the waitress and told her everything about her story while progressing to burn the bar with her power
The fuck is 18 18/ST/25:31-25:32 18/TT/25:31 Ada apa condensatio wrong with
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
me? -25:32 denganku? n
Speaker: Corry
Context: after accidentally almost burned the bar with her power as a starfire, she was asking herself about what happened to her
The hell are 19/TT/25:44 Apa yang kau condensatio 19/ST/25:44-25:46 you doing in -25:46 lakukan disini? n here? 19 Speaker: Corry
Context: Rachel suddenly came to the Bar and met Corry
You gotta be 20/TT/29:38 condensatio 20/ST/29:38-29:40 fucking kidding Yang benar saja -29:40 n me
20 Speaker: Donna Troy
Context: The rest of the Titans members decided to find Gar instead of Dick. While they were talking about plans, suddenly the Bar’s TV turned on and Bruce was there to tell them to find Dick first. Donna responded to Bruce’s appearance
21/TT/31:50 21/ST/31:50-31:51 Hell nah Tidak paraphrase -31:51
21 Speaker: Corry
Context: Rachel asked Corry whether she wanted to find Dick
Dad was an Ayahku bajingan 22/TT/33:26 22 22/ST/33:26-33:28 asshole getting yang mati expansion -33:28 himself killed terbunuh
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason told about his stories to Rose in Jason’s secret place
Mom was an 23/TT/33:28 23/ST/33:28-33:29 Ibuku pecandu transfer addict -33:29
23 Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason told his stories to Rose in Jason’s secret place
I mean, I assumed you 24/TT/34:06 Kupikir kau orang 24/ST/34:06-34:08 transfer were some rich -34:08 kaya brengsek asshole 24 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose thought that Jason were just a bad guy but he wasn’t
Aku membawamu Look, I bring kesini, aku you here, I tell menceritakanmu 25/TT/34:31 25/ST/34:31-34:33 you all this, semuanya, dan Transfer -34:33 and you treat kau perlakukan me like shit aku seperti 25 sampah
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason was mad at Rose because Rose couldn’t opened to Jason while Jason already told her whole stories of his life
I was just 26/TT/34:35 Aku hanya main- 26 26/ST/34:35-34:36 fucking with Paraphrase -34:36 main you, damn
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Subtitling No Code ST No. Data TT strategy
Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose told Jason that she was just joking and playing with Jason because Jason already had enough with all of this
Why are you 27/TT/34:45 Kenapa kau jadi 27/ST/34:45-34:47 being such an Paraphrase -34:47 berengsek? asshole? 27 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose asked Jason why Jason swear at her and mad all of sudden
Doing stupid 28/TT/34:56 Melakukan hal 28/ST/34:56-34:57 Paraphrase shit -34:57 bodoh
28 Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason said that what he did with Rose is just a stupid thing
29/TT/37:43 29/ST/37:43-37:45 Fuck you! Persetan kau! paraphrase -37:45
29 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose swore at Jason because she had enough with Jason always blaming at her
30/TT/06:48 30/ST/06:48-06:49 Holy shit Sial Dislocation -06:49
30 Speaker: Dawn
Context: Dawn and Hawk broke up because of what happened with Titans. Dawn found out about Hawk’s current condition and she was shocked.
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APPENDIX 2:
No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
Screw 1/TT/02:51- Persetan kau, Abusive 1/ST/02:51-02:54 you,Rachel! 02:54 Rachel! swearing
1 Speaker: Gar
Context: Gr was the lab bunny for the Enemies research and he was hallucinating and he swears at Rachel.
2/TT/03:48- Expletive 2/ST/03:48-03:50 fuck Sial 03:50 swearing
2 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Bruce came to Dick’s mind and tried to make Dick make a plan to get out from the prison. But then, Dick was frustrated and yell at Bruce
Perhaps the 3/TT/04:09- Mungkin Humorous 3/ST/04:09-04:10 fucking rat 04:10 dari tikus swearing did 3 Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Dick was coughing while Bruce explained the reason why he was in Dick’s mind. Dick asked why he was coughing and Bruce responded.
She told you 4/TT/04:37- Dan dia auxiliary 4/ST/04:37-04:39 to fuck off 04:39 mengusirmu swearing
Speaker: Bruce Wayne 4 Context: Dick told Bruce about him visiting Jerricho’s home. Dick met Jerricho’s mom and told her about what Jerricho’s dad did to Jerricho and then Jerricho’s mother told Dick to get out from her house.
5 5/ST/12:38-12:39 Holy shit 5/TT/12:38- Astaga Expletive
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No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
12:39 swearing
Speaker: Rachel
Context: Rachel was being tarot-read by Dani. When dani flipped the last card, Rachel had a vision of Dick being murdered.
That man Dia beat me until menghajarku 6/TT/13:34- Expletive 6/ST/13:34:13:37 I pissed sampai 13:37 swearing fucking kencing 6 blood darah
Speaker: Dani
Context: Dani told Rachel about her past memories with her abusive dad
I hope he 7/TT/13:38- Kuharap dia Expletive 7/ST/13:38-13:39 fucking die 13:39 mati menjerit swearing screaming 7 Speaker: Dani
Context: Dani wishing her dad died because she didn’t want to meet him anymore
Kau hanya You just like 8/TT/20:00- suka Abusive 8/ST/20:00-20:02 fucking with 20:02 mempermain swearing me kanku 8 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick frustrated over Bruce’s offer him to fleeing from the prison because Dick didn’t want to meet Titans anymore since Jerricho’s accident
Moping in 9/TT/20:13- Meringkuk Auxiliary 9 9/ST/20:13-20:14 this hole like 20:14 di sini seperti swearing a fucking
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No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
coward pengecut
Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce mocked Dick because Dick chose to be in prison rather than come back making people suffer
Oh, cry me a 10/TT/20:26- Jangan Humorous 10/ST/20:26-20:28 fucking river 20:28 cengeng swearing
10 Speaker: Bruce Wayne
Context: Bruce frustrated over Dick’s whines
11/TT/20:44- Abusive 11/ST/20:44-20:46 quitter Lembek 20:46 swearing
Speaker: Bruce Wayne 11 Context: Dick told Bruce he was not the right person to find Gar and back to Titans since he was the one who couldn’t save Jerricho. Bruce called Dick quitter since Dick didn’t have any courage.
12/TT/20:55- Abusive 12/ST/20:55-20:57 Fuck off! Enyah! 20:57 swearing
12 Speaker: Dick Grayson
Context: Dick swear at Bruce because Bruce told him that he was being a whimpy kid who don’t have any courage to save his friends
Persetan Fuck Wayne 13/TT/22:40- Wayne Expletive 13/ST/22:40-22:42 Manor, Rose 22:42 Mannor, swearing 13 Rose
Speaker: Jason
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No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
Context: Rose and Jason were together in a villa. Rose told Jason that she wanted to visit the Wayne Mannor, where Bruce and Jason used to be lived together.
Tanpa 14/TT/23:01- Auxiliary 14/ST/23:01-23:03 No bullshit omong 23:03 swearing kosong 14 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose and Jason deep talked about their lives and Rose told Jason to not have any secrets between them because they were both a couple now
Beberapa Im having a 15/TT/24:52- hari ini Auxiliary 15/ST/24:52-24:54 really shitty 24:54 sangat swearing few days, menyebalkan 15 Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry came to a bar. She wanted to buy doughnuts but the waitress insisted that they didn’t have doughnuts in their bar and Corry complained by talking about her day.
And people in the Penghuni 16/TT/24:57- Auxiliary 16/ST/24:57-25:00 goddamn neraka mau 25:00 swearing hell want ice air es, nona water, lady 16 Speaker: Waitress
Context: The waitress being sarcastic to Corry telling Corry that there isn’t any doughnuts that she wanted.
And she Merampas stole my mahkotaku 17/TT/25:07- Auxiliary 17 17/ST/25:07-25:11 damn crown dan and 25:11 meninggalka swearing marooned nku di planet me on this yang konyol
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No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
ridiculous ini planet
Speaker: Corry
Context: Corry was mad at the waitress and told her everything about her story while progressing to burn the bar with her power
The fuck is 18/TT/25:31- Ada apa Auxiliary 18/ST/25:31-25:32 wrong with 25:32 denganku? swearing me? 18 Speaker: Corry
Context: after accidentally almost burned the bar with her power as a starfire, she was asking herself about what happened to her
The hell are Apa yang 19/TT/25:44- Auxiliary 19/ST/25:44-25:46 you doing in kau lakukan 25:46 swearing here? disini? 19 Speaker: Corry
Context: Rachel suddenly came to the Bar and met Corry
You gotta be 20/TT/29:38- Yang benar Auxiliary 20/ST/29:38-29:40 fucking 29:40 saja swearing kidding me
20 Speaker: Donna Troy
Context: The rest of the Titans member decided to find Gar instead of Dick. While they were talking about plans, suddenly the Bar’s TV turned on and Bruce was there to tell them to find Dick first. Donna responded to Bruce’s appearance
21/TT/31:50- Humorous 21 21/ST/31:50-31:51 Hell nah Tidak 31:51 swearing
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No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
Speaker: Corry
Context: Rachel asked Corry whether she wanted to find Dick
Dad was an Ayahku asshole 22/TT/33:26- bajingan expletive 22/ST/33:26-33:28 getting 33:28 yang mati swearing himself terbunuh 22 killed
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason told about his stories to Rose in Jason’s secret place
Mom was a 23/TT/33:28- Ibuku Auxiliary 23/ST/33:28-33:29 damn addict 33:29 pecandu swearing
23 Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason told his stories to Rose in Jason’s secret place
I mean, I Kupikir kau assumed you 24/TT/34:06- Auxiliary 24/ST/34:06-34:08 orang kaya were some 34:08 swearing brengsek rich asshole 24 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose thought that Jason were just a bad guy but he wasn’t
Look, I bring Aku you here, I membawamu tell you all 25/TT/34:31- kesini, aku Abusive 25 25/ST/34:31-34:33 this, and you 34:33 menceritakan swearing treat me like mu shit semuanya, dan kau
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
65
No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
perlakukan aku seperti sampah
Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason was mad at Rose because Rose couldn’t opened to Jason while Jason already told her whole stories of his life
I was just 26/TT/34:35- Aku hanya auxiliary 26/ST/34:35-34:36 fucking with 34:36 main-main swearing you, damn 26 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose told Jason that she was just joking and playing with Jason because Jason already had enough with all of this
Why you Kenapa kau 27/TT/34:45- Abusive 27/ST/34:45-34:47 being such jadi 34:47 swearing an asshole? berengsek? 27 Speaker: Rose
Context: Rose asked Jason why Jason swear at her and mad all of sudden
Doing stupid 28/TT/34:56- Melakukan Expletive 28/ST/34:56-34:57 shit 34:57 hal bodoh swearing
28 Speaker: Jason
Context: Jason said that what he did with Rose is just a stupid thing
29/TT/37:43- Abusive 29/ST/37:43-37:45 Fuck you! Persetan kau! 37:45 swearing 29 Speaker: Rose
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
66
No Code ST No. Data TT Categorization
Context: Rose swore at Jason because she had enough with Jason always blaming at her
30/TT/06:48- Expletive 30/ST/06:48-06:49 Holy shit Sial 06:49 swearing
30 Speaker: Dawn
Context: Dawn and Hawk broke up because of what happened with Titans. Dawn found out about Hawk’s current condition and she was shocked.