DOCSLIB.ORG

Qgis-1.0.0-User-Guide-En.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Qgis-1.0.0-User-Guide-En.Pdf Quantum GIS User, Installation and Coding Guide Version 1.0.0 ’Kore’ Preamble This document is the original user, installation and coding guide of the described software Quantum GIS. The software and hardware described in this document are in most cases registered trademarks and are therefore subject to the legal requirements. Quantum GIS is subject to the GNU General Public License. Find more information on the Quantum GIS Homepage http://qgis.osgeo.org. The details, data, results etc. in this document have been written and verified to the best of knowledge and responsibility of the authors and editors. Nevertheless, mistakes concerning the content are possible. Therefore, all data are not liable to any duties or guarantees. The authors, editors and publishers do not take any responsibility or liability for failures and their consequences. Your are always welcome to indicate possible mistakes. This document has been typeset with LATEX. It is available as LATEX source code via subversion and online as PDF document via http://qgis.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals.html. Translated versions of this document can be downloaded via the documentation area of the QGIS project as well. For more information about contributing to this document and about translating it, please visit: http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/DocumentationWritersCorner Links in this Document This document contains internal and external links. Clicking on an internal link moves within the document, while clicking on an external link opens an internet address. In PDF form, internal links are shown in blue, while external links are shown in red and are handled by the system browser. In HTML form, the browser displays and handles both identically. User, Installation and Coding Guide Authors and Editors: Tara Athan Radim Blazek Godofredo Contreras Otto Dassau Martin Dobias Jürgen E. Fischer StephanHoll MarcoHugentobler MagnusHomann LarsLuthman GavinMacaulay WernerMacho TylerMitchell BrendanMorely GaryE.Sherman Tim Sutton David Willis With thanks to Tisham Dhar for preparing the initial msys (MS Windows) environment documentation, to Tom Elwertowski and William Kyngesburye for help in the MAC OSX Installation Section and to Carlos Dávila, Paolo Cavallini and Christian Gunning for revisions. If we have neglected to mention any contributors, please accept our apologies for this oversight. Copyright c 2004 - 2009 Quantum GIS Development Team Internet: http://qgis.osgeo.org Contents Contents Title i Preamble ii Table of Contents iii List of Figures xii List of Tables xiv List of QGIS Tips xv 1 Forward 1 1.1 Features ............................................ 1 1.2 Conventions .......................................... 4 2 Introduction To GIS 6 2.1 Why is all this so new? .................................... 6 2.1.1 Raster Data ...................................... 7 2.1.2 Vector Data ...................................... 7 3 Getting Started 9 3.1 Installation .......................................... 9 3.2 Sample Data ......................................... 9 3.3 Sample Session ....................................... 10 4 Features at a Glance 12 4.1 Starting and Stopping QGIS ................................. 12 4.1.1 Command Line Options ............................... 12 4.2 QGIS GUI ........................................... 13 4.2.1 Menu Bar ....................................... 14 4.2.2 Toolbars ........................................ 17 4.2.3 Map Legend ..................................... 17 4.2.4 Map View ....................................... 19 4.2.5 Map Overview .................................... 19 4.2.6 Status Bar ....................................... 20 4.3 Rendering ........................................... 20 4.3.1 Scale Dependent Rendering ............................ 20 4.3.2 Controlling Map Rendering ............................. 21 4.4 Measuring ........................................... 22 4.4.1 Measure length and areas .............................. 22 4.5 Projects ............................................ 22 QGIS 1.0.0 User, Installation and Coding Guide iii Contents 4.6 Output ............................................. 23 4.7 GUI Options .......................................... 24 4.8 Spatial Bookmarks ...................................... 25 4.8.1 Creating a Bookmark ................................ 26 4.8.2 Working with Bookmarks .............................. 26 4.8.3 Zooming to a Bookmark ............................... 26 4.8.4 Deleting a Bookmark ................................. 26 5 Working with Vector Data 27 5.1 ESRI Shapefiles ....................................... 27 5.1.1 Loading a Shapefile ................................. 27 5.1.2 Improving Performance ............................... 28 5.1.3 Loading a MapInfo Layer .............................. 29 5.1.4 Loading an ArcInfo Coverage ............................ 30 5.2 PostGIS Layers ........................................ 30 5.2.1 Creating a stored Connection ............................ 30 5.2.2 Loading a PostGIS Layer .............................. 31 5.2.3 Some details about PostgreSQL layers ...................... 32 5.2.4 Importing Data into PostgreSQL .......................... 32 5.2.5 Improving Performance ............................... 34 5.3 The Vector Properties Dialog ................................ 35 5.3.1 General Tab ...................................... 36 5.3.2 Symbology Tab .................................... 36 5.3.3 Metadata Tab ..................................... 38 5.3.4 Labels Tab ...................................... 38 5.3.5 Actions Tab ...................................... 40 5.3.6 Attributes Tab ..................................... 43 5.4 Editing ............................................. 44 5.4.1 Setting the Snapping Tolerance and Search Radius ............... 45 5.4.2 Topological editing .................................. 46 5.4.3 Editing an Existing Layer .............................. 46 5.4.4 Creating a New Layer ................................ 53 5.5 Query Builder ......................................... 53 5.6 Select by query ........................................ 55 6 Working with Raster Data 56 6.1 What is raster data? ..................................... 56 6.2 Loading raster data in QGIS ................................. 56 6.3 Raster Properties Dialog ................................... 57 6.3.1 Symbology Tab .................................... 58 6.3.2 Transparency Tab .................................. 59 6.3.3 Colormap ....................................... 60 QGIS 1.0.0 User, Installation and Coding Guide iv Contents 6.3.4 General Tab ...................................... 61 6.3.5 Metadata Tab ..................................... 61 6.3.6 Pyramids Tab ..................................... 61 6.3.7 Histogram Tab .................................... 62 7 Working with OGC Data 63 7.1 What is OGC Data ...................................... 63 7.2 WMS Client .......................................... 63 7.2.1 Overview of WMS Support ............................. 63 7.2.2 Selecting WMS Servers ............................... 64 7.2.3 Loading WMS Layers ................................ 65 7.2.4 Using the Identify Tool ................................ 67 7.2.5 Viewing Properties .................................. 67 7.2.6 WMS Client Limitations ............................... 68 7.3 WFS Client .......................................... 69 7.3.1 Loading a WFS Layer ................................ 69 8 Working with Projections 71 8.1 Overview of Projection Support ............................... 71 8.2 Specifying a Projection .................................... 71 8.3 Define On The Fly (OTF) Projection ............................ 72 8.4 Custom Coordinate Reference System ........................... 74 9 GRASS GIS Integration 76 9.1 Starting the GRASS plugin ................................. 76 9.2 Loading GRASS raster and vector layers .......................... 77 9.3 GRASS LOCATION and MAPSET ............................. 78 9.3.1 Creating a new GRASS LOCATION ........................ 78 9.3.2 Adding a new MAPSET ............................... 80 9.4 Importing data into a GRASS LOCATION ......................... 81 9.5 The GRASS vector data model ............................... 82 9.6 Creating a new GRASS vector layer ............................ 82 9.7 Digitizing and editing a GRASS vector layer ........................ 83 9.8 The GRASS region tool ................................... 87 9.9 The GRASS toolbox ..................................... 87 9.9.1 Working with GRASS modules ........................... 87 9.9.2 Working with the GRASS LOCATION browser .................. 89 9.9.3 Customizing the GRASS Toolbox .......................... 90 10 Print Composer 92 10.1 Using Print Composer .................................... 92 10.1.1 Adding a current QGIS map canvas to the Print Composer ........... 94 10.1.2 Adding other elements to the Print Composer ................... 95 QGIS 1.0.0 User, Installation and Coding Guide v Contents 10.1.3 Navigation tools ................................... 96 10.1.4 Creating Output ................................... 97 11 QGIS Plugins 98 11.1 Managing Plugins ...................................... 98 11.1.1 Loading a QGIS Core Plugin ............................ 98 11.1.2 Loading an external QGIS Plugin .......................... 98 11.1.3 Using the QGIS Python Plugin Installer ...................... 99 11.2 Data Providers .......................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gpsbabel Documentation Gpsbabel Documentation Table of Contents
    GPSBabel Documentation GPSBabel Documentation Table of Contents Introduction to GPSBabel ................................................................................................... xx The Problem: Too many incompatible GPS file formats ................................................... xx The Solution ............................................................................................................ xx 1. Getting or Building GPSBabel .......................................................................................... 1 Downloading - the easy way. ....................................................................................... 1 Building from source. .................................................................................................. 1 2. Usage ........................................................................................................................... 3 Invocation ................................................................................................................. 3 Suboptions ................................................................................................................ 4 Advanced Usage ........................................................................................................ 4 Route and Track Modes .............................................................................................. 5 Working with predefined options .................................................................................. 6 Realtime tracking ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GPLIGC & OGIE Version 1.9 Manual
    GPLIGC & OGIE Version 1.9 Manual Hannes Kruger¨ December 16, 2010 1 47.0789◦N 11.3060◦E CONTENTS 3 Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 GPLIGC..............................................5 1.2 OGIE...............................................6 1.3 Contact, Bug reports, feature requests.............................6 2 Requirements 6 3 Installation 7 3.1 General Linux and Unix installation procedure........................7 3.1.1 Compiling OGIE.....................................8 3.2 OpenBSD.............................................8 3.3 Gentoo Linux...........................................8 3.4 Mac OS X.............................................9 3.4.1 General..........................................9 3.4.2 Matthew's howto, using fink...............................9 3.4.3 Michael Schlotter's howto................................ 10 3.5 Windows NT/2000/2003/XP/Vista/2008/Win7........................ 10 3.6 Update installation........................................ 11 3.7 Additional Perl modules..................................... 11 3.7.1 Image::ExifTool...................................... 11 3.8 Digital Elevation Model..................................... 12 3.8.1 GTOPO30, SRTM30................................... 12 3.8.2 ETOPO2 (and merging it into the GTOPO30).................... 13 3.8.3 GLOBE.......................................... 13 3.8.4 SRTM30 Plus (TOPO30)................................ 13 3.8.5 SRTM-1 and SRTM-3.................................. 13 3.8.6 SRTM-1 and SRTM-3 finished from seamless server................
    [Show full text]
  • Tinn-R Team Has a New Member Working on the Source Code: Wel- Come Huashan Chen
    Editus eBook Series Editus eBooks is a series of electronic books aimed at students and re- searchers of arts and sciences in general. Tinn-R Editor (2010 1. ed. Rmetrics) Tinn-R Editor - GUI forR Language and Environment (2014 2. ed. Editus) José Cláudio Faria Philippe Grosjean Enio Galinkin Jelihovschi Ricardo Pietrobon Philipe Silva Farias Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz GOVERNO DO ESTADO DA BAHIA JAQUES WAGNER - GOVERNADOR SECRETARIA DE EDUCAÇÃO OSVALDO BARRETO FILHO - SECRETÁRIO UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE SANTA CRUZ ADÉLIA MARIA CARVALHO DE MELO PINHEIRO - REITORA EVANDRO SENA FREIRE - VICE-REITOR DIRETORA DA EDITUS RITA VIRGINIA ALVES SANTOS ARGOLLO Conselho Editorial: Rita Virginia Alves Santos Argollo – Presidente Andréa de Azevedo Morégula André Luiz Rosa Ribeiro Adriana dos Santos Reis Lemos Dorival de Freitas Evandro Sena Freire Francisco Mendes Costa José Montival Alencar Junior Lurdes Bertol Rocha Maria Laura de Oliveira Gomes Marileide dos Santos de Oliveira Raimunda Alves Moreira de Assis Roseanne Montargil Rocha Silvia Maria Santos Carvalho Copyright©2015 by JOSÉ CLÁUDIO FARIA PHILIPPE GROSJEAN ENIO GALINKIN JELIHOVSCHI RICARDO PIETROBON PHILIPE SILVA FARIAS Direitos desta edição reservados à EDITUS - EDITORA DA UESC A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, por qualquer meio, seja total ou parcial, constitui violação da Lei nº 9.610/98. Depósito legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Lei nº 10.994, de 14 de dezembro de 2004. CAPA Carolina Sartório Faria REVISÃO Amek Traduções Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) T591 Tinn-R Editor – GUI for R Language and Environment / José Cláudio Faria [et al.]. – 2. ed. – Ilhéus, BA : Editus, 2015. xvii, 279 p. ; pdf Texto em inglês.
    [Show full text]
  • Interfacing Gaudi with Python Objectives
    8 Interfacing Gaudi with Python Gaudi Framework Tutorial, 2004 Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Understand how Gaudi is interfaced to Python • Convince you that Python is a very good programming language for Rapid Prototyping • Write simple Python scripts to access LHCb data 8-2 Gaudi Framework Tutorial, 2004 Python Language Python is an Open Source programming language created by Guido van Rossum. While it has been available since 1990, it has recently seen a dramatic increase in popularity in a wide variety of domains Python is simple, elegant, powerful and reliable Features: • Variables & Arithmetic expressions • String manipulations • Conditionals (if/else statements), Loops (for/while) • Functions, Lists, Dictionaries, Classes (Objects), Exceptions , Modules 8-3 Gaudi Framework Tutorial, 2004 Why Python? Free, Open-Source, Maintainable Cross-Platform, Portable General-Purpose, High-level, Object-Oriented Interpreted • However it is quite fast (byte code idea from Java) Dynamically typed, Introspective • Not need to declare any variable Simple syntax, Robust • Emphasis by the author to minimize typing Variety of Shells Powerful built-in types and modules Î Ideal for Scripting and Prototyping 8-4 Gaudi Framework Tutorial, 2004 Python as a “Glue” Extension Modules • Very easy to interface to C++ classes (C-API) Collaborative • Extension modules can be plugged and used together Very rich set LHC modules specialized generic modules Several GUI toolkits EDG API PVSS XML Database GUIGUI Python shell JPE PyROOT gaudipython mathmath Gateways to other frameworks Java Root Gaudi Very rich set Classes Classes Framework of Python standard 8-5 Gaudi Framework Tutorial, 2004 modules Python Binding Techniques Python provides a very complete C-API • By hand bindings are possible but even for medium-sized projects, it becomes cumbersome and unmaintainable.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Earth User Guide
    Google Earth User Guide ● Table of Contents Introduction ● Introduction This user guide describes Google Earth Version 4 and later. ❍ Getting to Know Google Welcome to Google Earth! Once you download and install Google Earth, your Earth computer becomes a window to anywhere on the planet, allowing you to view high- ❍ Five Cool, Easy Things resolution aerial and satellite imagery, elevation terrain, road and street labels, You Can Do in Google business listings, and more. See Five Cool, Easy Things You Can Do in Google Earth Earth. ❍ New Features in Version 4.0 ❍ Installing Google Earth Use the following topics to For other topics in this documentation, ❍ System Requirements learn Google Earth basics - see the table of contents (left) or check ❍ Changing Languages navigating the globe, out these important topics: ❍ Additional Support searching, printing, and more: ● Making movies with Google ❍ Selecting a Server Earth ❍ Deactivating Google ● Getting to know Earth Plus, Pro or EC ● Using layers Google Earth ❍ Navigating in Google ● Using places Earth ● New features in Version 4.0 ● Managing search results ■ Using a Mouse ● Navigating in Google ● Measuring distances and areas ■ Using the Earth Navigation Controls ● Drawing paths and polygons ● ■ Finding places and Tilting and Viewing ● Using image overlays Hilly Terrain directions ● Using GPS devices with Google ■ Resetting the ● Marking places on Earth Default View the earth ■ Setting the Start ● Location Showing or hiding points of interest ● Finding Places and ● Directions Tilting and
    [Show full text]
  • Ethereal Developer's Guide Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethereal 0.10.11
    Ethereal Developer's Guide Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethereal 0.10.11 Ulf Lamping, Ethereal Developer's Guide: Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethere- al 0.10.11 by Ulf Lamping Copyright © 2004-2005 Ulf Lamping Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. All logos and trademarks in this document are property of their respective owner. Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................. vii 1. Foreword ............................................................................................................... vii 2. Who should read this document? ............................................................................... viii 3. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... ix 4. About this document .................................................................................................. x 5. Where to get the latest copy of this document? ............................................................... xi 6. Providing feedback about this document ...................................................................... xii I. Ethereal Build Environment ................................................................................................14 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • A Compiler Front-End for the WOOL Parallelization Library
    A compiler front-end for the WOOL Parallelization library GEORGIOS VARISTEAS KTH Information and Communication Technology Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2010 TRITA-ICT-EX-2010:291 Royal Institute of Technology A compiler front-end for the WOOL Parallelization library Georgios Varisteas yorgos(@)kth.se 15 October, 2010 A master thesis project conducted at Examiner: Mats Brorsson Supervisor: Karl-Filip Faxén Abstract WOOL is a C parallelization library developed at SICS by Karl-Filip Faxén. It provides the tools for develop- ing fine grained independent task based parallel applications. This library is distinguished from other similar projects by being really fast and light; it manages to spawn and synchronize tasks in under 20 cycles. However, all software development frameworks which expose radically new functionality to a programming language, gain a lot by having a compiler to encapsulate and implement them. WOOL does not differ from this category. This project is about the development of a source-to-source compiler for the WOOL parallelization library, supporting an extension of the C language with new syntax that implements the WOOL API, transform- ing it and eventually outputting GNU C code. Additionally, this compiler is augmented with a wrapper script that performs compilation to machine code by using GCC. This script is configurable and fully automatic. The main advantage gained from this project is to satisfy the need for less overhead in software development with WOOL. The simplified syntax results in faster and more economical code writing while being less error- prone. Moreover, this compiler enables the future addition of many more features not applicable with the current state of WOOL as a library.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyqgis Developer Cookbook Release 2.18
    PyQGIS developer cookbook Release 2.18 QGIS Project April 08, 2019 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Run Python code when QGIS starts.................................1 1.2 Python Console............................................2 1.3 Python Plugins............................................3 1.4 Python Applications.........................................3 2 Loading Projects 7 3 Loading Layers 9 3.1 Vector Layers.............................................9 3.2 Raster Layers............................................. 11 3.3 Map Layer Registry......................................... 11 4 Using Raster Layers 13 4.1 Layer Details............................................. 13 4.2 Renderer............................................... 13 4.3 Refreshing Layers.......................................... 15 4.4 Query Values............................................. 15 5 Using Vector Layers 17 5.1 Retrieving information about attributes............................... 17 5.2 Selecting features........................................... 18 5.3 Iterating over Vector Layer...................................... 18 5.4 Modifying Vector Layers....................................... 20 5.5 Modifying Vector Layers with an Editing Buffer.......................... 22 5.6 Using Spatial Index......................................... 23 5.7 Writing Vector Layers........................................ 23 5.8 Memory Provider........................................... 24 5.9 Appearance (Symbology) of Vector Layers............................. 26 5.10 Further
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Educational Materials
    InSIDE: Including Students with Impairments in Distance Education Delivery Development of educational DEV2.1 materials Eleni Koustriava1, Konstantinos Papadopoulos1, Konstantinos Authors Charitakis1 Partner University of Macedonia (UOM)1, Johannes Kepler University (JKU) Work Package WP2: Adapted educational material Issue Date 31-05-2020 Report Status Final This project (598763-EPP-1-2018-1-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE- JP) has been co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein Project Partners University of National and Macedonia, Greece Kapodistrian University of Athens, Coordinator Greece Johannes Kepler University of Aboubekr University, Austria Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria Mouloud Mammeri Blida 2 University, Algeria University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria University of Sciences Ibn Tofail university, and Technology of Oran Morocco Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria Cadi Ayyad University of Sfax, Tunisia University, Morocco Abdelmalek Essaadi University of Tunis El University, Morocco Manar, Tunisia University of University of Sousse, Mohammed V in Tunisia Rabat, Morocco InSIDE project Page WP2: Adapted educational material 2018-3218 /001-001 [2|103] DEV2.1: Development of Educational Materials Project Information Project Number 598763-EPP-1-2018-1-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Grant Agreement 2018-3218 /001-001 Number Action code CBHE-JP Project Acronym InSIDE Project Title
    [Show full text]
  • Pyqgis Testing Developer Cookbook
    PyQGIS testing developer cookbook QGIS Project Sep 25, 2021 CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scripting in the Python Console ................................... 1 1.2 Python Plugins ............................................ 2 1.2.1 Processing Plugins ...................................... 3 1.3 Running Python code when QGIS starts ............................... 3 1.3.1 The startup.py file ................................... 3 1.3.2 The PYQGIS_STARTUP environment variable ...................... 3 1.4 Python Applications ......................................... 3 1.4.1 Using PyQGIS in standalone scripts ............................. 4 1.4.2 Using PyQGIS in custom applications ............................ 5 1.4.3 Running Custom Applications ................................ 5 1.5 Technical notes on PyQt and SIP ................................... 6 2 Loading Projects 7 2.1 Resolving bad paths .......................................... 8 3 Loading Layers 9 3.1 Vector Layers ............................................. 9 3.2 Raster Layers ............................................. 12 3.3 QgsProject instance .......................................... 14 4 Accessing the Table Of Contents (TOC) 15 4.1 The QgsProject class ......................................... 15 4.2 QgsLayerTreeGroup class ...................................... 16 5 Using Raster Layers 19 5.1 Layer Details ............................................. 19 5.2 Renderer ............................................... 20 5.2.1 Single Band Rasters ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Remotely Execute GRASS GIS Scripts on Your Server
    g.remote Remotely execute GRASS GIS scripts on your server Vaclav Petras Center for Geospatial Analytics OSGeo Research and Education Laboratory North Carolina State University May 7, 2015 cba GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 1 / 12 Server for everybody there are servers, HPC clusters, clouds lying around once somebody set it up, it’s easy to get to it if you know what ssh -X means and you also want to work locally in the same environment GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 2 / 12 Tangible Landscape currently locked to MS Windows desktop needs powerful processing backend for larger simulations pure in-cloud or client-server with WPS would be overkill GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 3 / 12 g.remote developed for hybrid desktop-server workflow tests of processing or part of processing locally store and process the big data on a server synchronous processing easily to integrate into scripts GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 4 / 12 Usage Basic call in command line g.remote user=john server=example.com \ grassdata=/grassdata \ location=nc_spm mapset=practice1 \ grass_script=/path/to/script.py data are stored on the server Python script is local and transferred to the server GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 5 / 12 Usage Addition of inputs and outputs g.remote ... \ raster=elevation \ output_raster=waterflow data are transfered to and from the server GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 6 / 12 Usage GRASS GIS: g.remote NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics 7 / 12 Architecture Three layers connection to server (class) Paramiko ssh + scp (OpenSSH Client) can accommodate web-based applications or local programs GRASS session (class) runs GRASS modules, scripts and Python code inside GRASS session using the connection transports GRASS data (maps, region, .
    [Show full text]
  • Assessmentof Open Source GIS Software for Water Resources
    Assessment of Open Source GIS Software for Water Resources Management in Developing Countries Daoyi Chen, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool César Carmona-Moreno, EU Joint Research Centre Andrea Leone, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool Shahriar Shams, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool EUR 23705 EN - 2008 The mission of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s Policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Contact information Cesar Carmona-Moreno Address: via fermi, T440, I-21027 ISPRA (VA) ITALY E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 9654 Fax: +39 0332 78 9073 http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC [49291] EUR 23705 EN ISBN 978-92-79-11229-4 ISSN 1018-5593 DOI 10.2788/71249 Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities © European Communities, 2008 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy Table of Content Introduction............................................................................................................................4 1.
    [Show full text]