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Wood River Bridgelip Sucker

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Wood River Bridgelip Sucker shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers are all at (Simpson and Wallace 1978). In general, bridgelip risk because of lack of recruitment and adult suckers differ from most other suckers by inhabit- susceptibility to hybridization and introgression ing streams with colder, swifter water and rocky among the species. As populations become smaller substrate (Scott and Grossman 1973). Fish likely and spawning areas become increasingly modified mature after age-2 and spawn in late spring. Maxi- and restricted in area, the likelihood of hybridiza- mum size is about 25 centimeters. tion increases. Key Factors Influencing Status Wood River Bridgelip Sucker The status of Wood River bridgelip suckers will (Catostomus columbianus hubbsf) likely be influenced by the same factors that affect The native range of the bridgelip sucker the status of other native fish species in the Wood (Catostomus columbianus) in the assessment area is River drainage. Alteration of habitat by residential the Snake River drainage downstream from and agricultural development, including irrigation Shoshone Falls, Idaho and the Columbia River withdrawal, overgrazing by livestock, and intro- drainage to British Columbia. The Wood River in ductions of non-native species are likely to be Idaho supports an isolated population that is detrimental to the viability of this subspecies. "nearly 100 percent distinct" from other bridgelip sucker populations and has been described as a Torrent Sculpin (Cottus rhotheus) discrete subspecies (Smith 1966). Smith reported The torrent sculpin inhabits rivers and streams in the that the distinctness of the Wood River population Puget Sound and Columbia River drainages in the suggests that it may warrant full species status states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and upon further evaluation. The subspecies will be in British Columbia (Maughan 1976). The torrent reviewed for listing by the Idaho Department of sculpin is listed as a sensitive species by die Forest Fish and Game. Service in Region 1 and as a species of special concern by the Montana Department of Fish, Distribution and Status Wildlife, and Parks. The holotype of the Wood River bridgelip sucker was collected from Fish Creek, tributary to the Distribution and Status Little Wood River, in 1934 by Carl Hubbs (Smith Historically, the torrent sculpin was found 1966). Other specimens were collected from the throughout tributaries of the mid- and upper mainstem Big Wood and Litde Wood rivers. Columbia River Basin, overlapping range with the Electrofishing surveys of the Big Wood River since shorthead sculpin. In Oregon and Washington, 1986 have captured bridgelip suckers that are the torrent sculpin has been found in the Yakima, presumed to represent this subspecies (Thurow 19 Entiat, and Palouse rivers and tributaries of the 1990). No comprehensive surveys have been upper Deschutes River (map 4.65) (Wydoski completed. Therefore, the subspecies distribution and Whitney 1979). In Idaho, the torrent sculpin and abundance are uncertain. Presumed distribu- has been found in the Kootenai, Pend Oreille, tion is shown in map 4.64. Spokane, Clearwater, Salmon, St. Maries, upper Clark Fork, and Palouse river drainages and in the Habitat Relationships Snake River below Shoshone Falls (Simpson and Little is known about the biology of the bridgelip Wallace 1978). MacPhee (1966) also found the sucker in the Wood River but it is believed to torrent sculpin in Rochat Creek, a tributary to resemble that of other members of the species the St. Joe River. Aldiough the current status is unknown, the present range probably remains "Also personal communication. 1995. F. Partridge, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Jerome, Idaho. Aquatics Map 4.64-- Current distribution of Wood River bridgelip sucker. Aquatics Map 4.65-- Current distribution of torrent sculpin. Aquatics similar to the historic range. When found, the Bond 1963). In the mid-Columbia River Basin, the torrent sculpin was in low numbers compared species has been collected in the Coeur d'Alene and with the shorthead sculpin (MacPhee 1966). St. Joe river systems in Idaho (Maughan 1976), and in the upper Columbia in the Flathead, Little Habitat Relationships Blackfoot, and Blackfoot river systems in Montana and the Flathead River in British Columbia The torrent sculpin is primarily a benthic stream (Bailey and Bond 1963). In the Snake River drain- species but also occurs in lakes (Wydoski and age, the species occurs in the mainstem and tribu- Whitney 1979). In streams, they inhabit swift, taries of the Grande Ronde and Imnaha river cool, clear riffles with a stable bottom of scattered systems in Oregon and the Clearwater, Salmon, rubble, gravel, and boulder substrate (Simpson Boise, Owyhee, Big Lost, and Little Lost rivers and Wallace 1978). Torrent sculpin were found and Birch, Medicine, and Beaver creeks in Idaho only where rock substrate was present. Spawning, (Maughan 1976). In 1994, surveys found which occurs in riflfle areas with rubble or boulder shorthead sculpin in the upper Deschutes drainage substrate, starts in early spring and lasts to late in Oregon, the upper and lower Kootenai, Yaak, April. and Fisher rivers in Montana, the upper Yakima in Washington, and the upper and South Fork Coeur Key Factors Influencing Status d'Alene, and Little Lost rivers, and Birch Creek in 20 The torrent sculpin is probably susceptible to land Idaho. use practices (for example, livestock grazing, road construction, and mining) and climatic events that Habitat Relationships degrade water quality and diminish its natural The shorthead sculpin prefers riflfle areas and small habitat. Pollution, increased water temperatures, coldwater rivers and streams (Bowler 1974). It has and sedimentation are the major potential negative been collected in emergent grasses and slow- impacts to sculpin populations. moving waters along shorelines and in backwaters. Spawning, which occurs in riffle areas with a Shorthead Sculpin (Cottus confusus) rubble/boulder substrate, starts in early spring and The shorthead sculpin inhabits rivers and streams lasts to late April. in the Puget Sound and Columbia River drainages in the states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Mon- Key Factors Influencing Status tana, and in British Columbia (Bailey and Bond The shorthead sculpin is probably susceptible to 1963). The shorthead sculpin is listed by the land use practices (for example, timber harvest Forest Service as sensitive and by the Montana activities, road construction, and mining) and/or Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks as a climatic events that degrade water quality. Pollu- species of special concern. tion, increased water temperatures, and sedimenta- tion are the major potential negative impacts to Distribution and Status sculpin populations. Once stream populations are In the assessment area, the shorthead sculpin is eliminated, sculpin are poor recolonizers from found in the upper reaches and tributaries of the adjacent areas as compared with trout. Deschutes, Yakima, Wenatchee, and John Day river systems in the lower Columbia River Basin 20Personal communication. 1995. Lori Leatherbury, Forest and the Snake, Spokane, Pend Oreille, and Service, Boise, Idaho. Kootenai River drainages in the mid and upper Columbia River Basin (map 4.66) (Bailey and Aquatics Map 4.66-- Current distribution of shorthead sculpin. iiii:i:iiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii: 1326 Aquatics Pit Sculpin (Cottuspitensis) Factors Influencing Status Pit sculpin were historically widespread in the Pit The main reasons for the Pit sculpin's current River system, from the Goose Lake Basin to the status are its rarity and limited amount of available Sacramento River (Moyle 1976). In Oregon, the habitat. Pit sculpin are limited in their ability to Pit sculpin is currently listed as sensitive by the recolonize a. stream once extirpated, this is espe- Forest Service and BLM, and as a peripheral/rare cially true in the Goose Lake Basin because of the species by the Oregon Department of Fish and apparent lack of use of the lake. Because of their Wildlife. inability to recolonize, catastrophic events, loss of habitat, extreme droughts, and introductions of Distribution and Status exotics could all lead to extirpation of individual stream populations. Extreme drought events and In Oregon, the extent of the historical distribution loss of stream habitat may have been factors limit- of Pit sculpin in the Goose Lake Basin is un- ing the current distribution of Pit sculpin in the known. However, the sculpin was recorded both Goose Lake Basin. Past management, such as historically and recently (1979), and can still be livestock grazing, timber activities, and road build- found, in a few tributaries of Goose Lake, specifi- ing, has negatively affected sculpin habitat by cally Cottonwood and Drews creeks (map 4.67) increasing siltation (ODFW 1992). Loss of peren- (Long and Bond 1979; ODFW 1992). Pit sculpin nial, cool, spring-fed stream reaches, which act as also were recorded historically in Thomas Creek, refuge sites during extreme droughts, also has Oregon, but surveys in 1983 and 1988 yielded no affected status. sculpin.21 The Pit sculpin has never been found in Goose Lake. In California, the Pit sculpin is still Slender Sculpin (Cottus tennis) widespread throughout the Pit River system and has recently been found in Lassen, Gold, and The distribution of the slender sculpin is restricted Willow creeks, all tributaries of Goose Lake. The to the Upper Klamath Basin in Oregon, upstream Pit sculpin, where found, tends to be rare. of Klamath Falls. The slender sculpin is listed as a sensitive species by Region 6 of the Forest Service Habitat Relationships and as a species of special concern by the Ameri- can Fisheries Society (Williams and others 1989). Pit sculpin are not known to migrate. They are a benthic species found mainly in small, cold water Distribution and Status tributaries (Moyle 1976). They show a strong preference for riffle habitat with small gravel The sculpin was historically distributed in the substrate (Moyle 1976).22 In the winter, they use Upper Klamath and Agency lakes and their tribu- the interstices among large gravels and cobbles taries.
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