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Možnosti Využití Otevřených Dat (Open Data) Ve Vybraných Agendách Veřejné Správy Diplomová Práce

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Možnosti Využití Otevřených Dat (Open Data) Ve Vybraných Agendách Veřejné Správy Diplomová Práce PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Možnosti využití otevřených dat (Open Data) ve vybraných agendách veřejné správy Diplomová práce Anna Hradecká Vedoucí práce: doc. RNDr. Petr Kubíček, CSc. Geografický ústav BRNO 2019 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Bc. Anna Hradecká Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Geografický ústav Název práce: Možnosti využití otevřených dat (open data) ve vybraných agendách veřejné správy Studijní program: Geografie a kartografie Studijní obor: Geografická kartografie a geoinformatika Vedoucí práce: doc. RNDr. Petr Kubíček, CSc. Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Počet stran: 89 + 6 Klíčová slova: otevřená data, veřejná správa, VGI, OpenStreetMap, OSM, Brno, Magistrát města Brna, prostorová data Bibliographic Entry Author: Bc. Anna Hradecká Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Geography Title of Thesis: Use of selected open spatial data within the public administration agendas Degree programme: Geography and cartography Field of Study: Geographic Cartography and Geoinformatics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Petr Kubíček, CSc. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Number of Pages: 89 + 6 Keywords: Open Data, Government, VGI, OpenStreetMap, OSM, Brno, Brno municipality, Spatial data, Public administration, Volunteered Geographic Information Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se věnuje konceptu otevřených prostorových dat a Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) – datům vytvářeným dobrovolníky většinou bez kartografického vzdělání, a jejich využití ve veřejné správě. Cílem práce bylo analyzovat, jaká otevřená data a jakým způsobem jsou ve veřejné správě publikována a jaká využívána. V praktické části byla zhodnocena současná situace v Brně a byly navrženy způsoby spolupráce mezi OpenStreetMap komunitou a Magistrátem města Brna. Na základě rozhovorů se zástupci obou stran byla provedena SWOT analýza, vytvořen model výměny dat a navrženy další možné kroky spolupráce. Abstract In this thesis we study the concepts of Open Spatial Data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) – data collected by volunteers, who oftentimes do not have any form of education in Cartography. The aim of the thesis was to identify what data is being published and what data is being used within the public administration and analyze this process. In the practical part the current situation in Brno was analyzed and a model of possible cooperation between the OpenStreetMap community and the Brno Municipality was proposed. Based on interview with representatives of both parties the SWOT analysis was created, a model of data exchange was designed, and the next steps of successful cooperation were suggest. MASARYKOVA NIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Ústav: Geografický ústav: Studentka: Bc. Anna Hradecká Program: Geografie a kartografie Obor: Geografická kartografie a geoinformatika Ředitel Geografického ústavu PřF MU Vám ve smyslu Studijního a zkušebního řádu MU určuje diplomovou práci s názvem: Název práce: Možnosti využití otevřených dat (open data) ve vybraných agendách veřejné správy Název práce anglicky: Use of selected open spatial data within the public administration agenda Oficiální zadání: Veřejná správa stále častěji poskytuje své data v otevřeném formátu a na druhou stranu se také zabývá možností využití otevřených dat jiných subjektů pro své vybrané agendy. Diplomová práce se zaměří na analýzu uvedené problematiky a bud obsahovat následující kapitoly: 1) Analýza struktury a způsobu předávání vybraných prostorových dat veřejné správy. 2) Možnosti využití otevřených dat veřejné správy v otevřených mapových zdrojích. 3) Způsoby ověření kvality a původu dat z otevřených zdrojů. 4) Pilotní studie - využití otevřených zdrojů prostorových dat v agendách veřejné správy na příkladu OpenStreetMap. 5) Zhodnocení pilotní studie. Doporučená literatura: Pánek, J. (2016). From Mental Maps to GeoParticipation. The Cartographic Journal (in print). Capineri, C et al. (2016). European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information. London: Ubiquity Press. Jazyk závěrečné práce: Vedoucí práce: doc. RNDr. Petr Kubíček, CSc. Datum zadání práce: 3. 10. 2016 V Brně dne: 9. 4. 2019 Souhlasím se zadáním (podpis, datum): .............................. ........................................... ................................................... Bc. Anna Hradecká doc. RNDr. Petr Kubíček, CSc. prof. RNDr. Petr Dobrovolný, CSc. studentka vedoucí práce ředitel Geografického ústavu Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěla poděkovat doc. RNDr. Petru Kubíčkovi, CSc. za odborné vedení, pomoc a rady při zpracování této diplomové práce. Ráda bych také poděkovala kolegyním z Oddělení GIS Magistrátu města Brna, především RNDr. Bc. Kamile Dolák Klemešové a Mgr. Janě Morávkové za konzultace při zpracování problematiky z pohledu MMB. Chtěla bych také ocenit čas a ochotu členů OpenStretMap komunity – Tomáše Kašpárka, Petra Vozdeckého, Miroslava Suchého a Tomáše Pokorného, kteří mi pomohli pochopit fungování OSM a především místní komunity. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svoji diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně pod vedením doc. RNDr. Petra Kubíčka, CSc. s využitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. Brno, 30. dubna 2019 …………………………………. Anna Hradecká OBSAH 1 Úvod .................................................................................................................................................9 2 Koncept otevřených dat…………………………………………………………………………. 11 2.1 Definice ...................................................................................................................................11 2.2 Druhy otevřených dat dle zdroje .............................................................................................11 2.3 Otevřené Licence ....................................................................................................................13 2.3.1 Licence v ČR ...................................................................................................................15 2.4 Otevřená Geodata ....................................................................................................................16 3 Volunteered Geographic Information…………………………………………………………… 18 3.1 Definice pojmu ........................................................................................................................18 3.2 Technologie, které umožnily rozvoj VGI ...............................................................................18 3.3 Komponenty VGI ....................................................................................................................19 3.4 Druhy zdrojů ...........................................................................................................................19 3.5 Přispěvatelé .............................................................................................................................20 3.5.1 Typologie přispěvatelů ....................................................................................................21 3.5.2 Motivace k přispívání ......................................................................................................22 3.6 Soukromí, etika a zákon ..........................................................................................................23 3.7 OpenStreetMap .......................................................................................................................23 3.7.1 Datový model ..................................................................................................................24 3.7.2 Editační nástroje ..............................................................................................................24 3.7.3 Licence ............................................................................................................................24 3.7.4 Využití OSM ...................................................................................................................25 3.7.5 Motivace ..........................................................................................................................26 3.7.6 Česká komunita ...............................................................................................................27 3.8 Další příklady využití VGI ......................................................................................................27 4 Kvalita otevřených prostorových dat……………………………………………………………. 29 4.1 Kvalita prostorových dat .........................................................................................................29 4.1.1 Kvalita VGI .....................................................................................................................29 4.2 Způsoby ověření a dosažení kvality ........................................................................................30 4.2.1 Metody měření kvality VGI dat ......................................................................................30 4.2.2 Indikátory kvality VGI dat ..............................................................................................31 4.2.3 Možnosti dosažení kvality VGI dat .................................................................................31 4.3 Kvalita OSM dat .....................................................................................................................32 4.3.1 Prevence kvality OSM dat ...............................................................................................32 4.3.2 Práce s chybami v databázi OSM ....................................................................................32
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