Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Page 1 of 3 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center

Species: Index Result: Scientific Name grandiflora Moderately Vulnerable Common Name Clearwater cryptantha Confidence Moderate Taxonomic Group Vascular (based on entered data) Geographic Area OR, WA, ID (full range) Date Assessed 8/13/2019 GRank G3? Cave/Ground Water Obligate: No SRank S2 Migratory area included in assessment: No Assessor Lindsey Wise

Climate Change Vulnerability Index Values: (greatest score shown when range was selected) Category Factor Score A >6.0F 0 A 5.5F 0 Temperature Scope A 5.1F 40 (predicted increase) A 4.5F 60 A 3.9F 0 A <3.9F 0 < -0.119 10 -0.119 50 Hamon AET:PET Moisture -0.096 30 Metric Scope -0.073 10 -0.05 0 >-0.028 0 Comments Sea level rise B1 N Species is not coastal. Natural barriers B2a SI Snake and Columbia Rivers may be barriers.

Anthropogenic barriers B2b N Species range is in a sparsely populated area. There is potential for wind or solar Climate Change mitigation B3 SI development within its range. Some Cryptantha species have a positive response to fire (Keeley & Fotheringham). Dispersal/Movement C1 N Casper (1987) suggested seed dispersal of Cryptantha flava by wind, mammals, or water could potentially carry seeds long distances. Most of range is in the >57 deg. F temperature Historical thermal niche C2ai N variation range. C. grandiflora currently occupies exposed Physiological thermal niche C2aii N southern slopes in a region with hot summers. About 11 to 13 inches historical variation in Historical hydrological niche C2bi SI precipitation within geographic range. Not known or expected to be dependent on a Physiol. hydrological niche C2bii N seasonal hydrological niche, given its known habitat. Disturbance dependence C2c U Ice/snow dependence C2d N According to Darrach, this species is only Physical habitat restrictions C3 Inc found on an atypical Columbia River Basalt that is a gabbro high in metals. Other spp create habitat C4a N Dietary Versatility C4b U

calculator version 3.02 Results posted to https://inr.oregonstate.edu/orbic/rare-species/ranking-documentation Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Page 2 of 3 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center

Castro (1983) found a variety of pollinators Pollinator Versatility C4c N visited two species of Cryptantha. Likely to be true of C. grandiflora. Seeds likely dispersed by several methods Other spp for dispersal C4d N (wind, mammals, water). Pathogen sensitivity C4e U C4f Known Oregon sites are being impacted by Inc invasive annual grasses including Ventenata Competition sensitivity dubia. Interspecific Relationship C4g U Measured genetic variation C5a U Bottlenecks C5b U Plant reproductive system C5c U Phenological response C6 U Documented response D1 U Modeled change D2 U Modeled overlap D3 U Modeled protected areas D4 U

Additional Notes: There is some taxonomic disagreement regarding this species, with many sources synonymizing it with C. intermedia. ORBIC and Flora of Pacific NW consider C. grandiflora a valid species, covering a much smaller geographic area than C. intermedia. This smaller range is what is assessed here.

References: Darrach, Mark. 2013. Pers. comm. Botanist with USFS and the Burke Herbarium. Casper, Brenda. 1987. Spatial Patterns of Seed Dispersal and Postdispersal Seed Predation of Cryptantha flava (). American Journal of Botany Vol. 74, No. 11 (Nov., 1987), pp. 1646-1655. Keeley, Jon and C.J. Fotheringham. 2000. "Role of Fire in Regeneration from Seed." in Seeds: the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, 2nd Ed. Edited by M. Fenner. Casper, Brenda. 1983. The Efficiency of Pollen Transfer and Rates of Embryo Initiation in Cryptantha (Boraginaceae). Oecologia Vol. 59, No. 2/3 (1983), pp. 262-268. Hitchcock, C. L. and A. Cronquist.2018. Flora of the Pacific Northwest, 2nd Edition. Eds: Giblin, Legler, Zika, and Olmstead. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Data sources and notes:

Climate and precipitation data from Climate Wizard using the A1B emissions scenario and ensemble average general circulation model: Historical = 1951-2006; Future = mid-century (2050s); Hamon AET:PET moisture metric (Hamon 1961). Species data from ORBIC database. Assessment performed in conjunction with the NatureServe Element Rank Calculator. Other resources consulted: NREL national wind resources, 50m resolution (https://www.nrel.gov/gis/data-wind.html); SILVIS lab Wildland Urban Interface 2010 layer (http://silvis.forest.wisc.edu/data/wui-change/); Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries geologic map (https://www.oregongeology.org/gis/); US mining claims on federal lands (http://mrdata.usgs.gov/mine-claim/); Oregon Protected Areas Database (http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/padus/data/).

Detailed definitions of criteria and methodology can be found in the documentation at http://www.natureserve.org/conservation-tools/climate-change-vulnerability-index

Legend and Definitions: Index Scores: Extremely Vulnerable: Abundance and/or range extent Affect to Vulnerability: within geographical area assessed extremely likely to substantially decrease or disappear by 2050. Highly Vulnerable: Abundance and/or range extent within GI = Greatly increase geographical area assessed likely to decrease significantly by 2050. calculator version 3.02 Results posted to https://inr.oregonstate.edu/orbic/rare-species/ranking-documentation Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Page 3 of 3 Oregon Biodiversity Information Center

Moderately Vulnerable: Abundance and/or range extent Inc = Increase within geographical area assessed likely to decrease by 2050.

Less Vulnerable: Available evidence does not suggest that SI = Somewhat increase abundance and/or range extent within the geographical area assessed will change (increase/decrease) substantially by 2050. Actual range boundaries may change.

N = Neutral Insufficient Evidence: Information entered about a species' vulnerability is inadequate to calculate an Index score. U = Unknown

Citation: Oregon Biodiversity Information Center. 2019. Climate Change Vulnerability Index assessment for Clearwater cryptantha (Cryptantha grandiflora). Institute for Natural Resources, Portland State University, Portland, OR.

calculator version 3.02 Results posted to https://inr.oregonstate.edu/orbic/rare-species/ranking-documentation