Special Libraries, May-June 1972

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1972 Special Libraries, 1970s

5-1-1972

Special Libraries Association

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Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, May-June 1972" (1972). Special Libraries, 1972. 5. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1972/5

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May/ June 1972, vol. 63, nos. 516

0 On-Line Reference

Cassettes-The Future Medium

0 American Doctoral Dissertations

0 Educational Problem-Solving

0 Cataloging Woe

0 Producing Catalog Cards

SPLBA 63 (5/6) 217-280 (1972) Indexes from The New York Times. Where a search begins and research often ends. Ideally, an index should be a comprehensive reference too itself. A resource that makes one-stop research possible. That's what any index from The New York Times is. For instance, your library may be among the 5,500 institutions that depend on The New York Times lndex for detailed answers to questions about current affairs. This unique resource not only contains abstracts-but maps, charts and photographs as well. * And our other indexes in ,. a-A-- -- their way, are equally val El Consider the index to Tlze New Times Film Reviews. By using the list of personal names, your patrons can trace the career of any film figure-author, screenwriter, producer or director-since 1913. Or, by consulting the "portrait gallery," quickly identify some 2,000 actors. Suppose, instead, a patron wants to trace the careers of Broadway's Royal Family. The index to The New Yo& Times Thcater Reviews (1920-1970) includes not only John, Ethel and Lionel Barrymore, but Doris Rankin, Michael Strange, Diana Barrymore, Bramwell Fletcher and Elaine Barrie. All twigs on that illustrious tree. U How about the field of literature? The long-awaited Book Reviezo Index is perhaps the most ambitious work of its kind ever undertaken. This massive, five-volume index covers every issue of the Book Review-nearly 4,000-published from 1896 to 1968. Some one million entries are arranged in five sections: author, title, byline, subject and literary category. O By referring to this index alone, our patrons can trace literary rends and reading tastes for more than seven decades. Find a bibliography on thousands of subjects. Or discover a literary storm in a teacup, viz., the letters to the editor scoring John O'Hara's extravagant praise of Hemingway's Across tlie River and into tlle Trces. Of course, a Times index can quickly locate the most esoteric detail. Question: "When did Queen Salote of Tonga die?" Answer: see page 890 of the Obituaries Index-a listing of over 350,000 death notices since 1858. Indexes from The New York Times. Where a search begins and research often ends. 4, . &hd ~1: NIYT The New York Times Index: $150 per year for 24 semimonthly issues ~lusannual volume. Film Reviews index volume: $100. Theater Reviews, 2-volume index: 5300. W Book Review 5-volume index: 5600. Obituaries Index: $75. Order from The New York Times, Library Services Division, Dept. 1059, 229 West 43d St., New York. N.Y. 10036. Medical Coverage from the British Medical Journal

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3810-S SOUTH FOUR MILE RUN DRIVE, ARLINGTON, VA. 22206 Letters 9A

Reference Function with an On-Line Catalog 217 Ruth Winik

Audio and Video Cassettes 222 Arthur Poulos

Bibliographic Control of American Doctoral Dissertations 227 Julie L. Moore

An Educational Model for Library Problem-Solving 231 Edwin E. Olson James W. Liesener Donald H. Kraft

The Cataloger's White Knight? 235 Hillis L. Griffin

Use of the MT/ST at a Remote Facility to Produce Catalog Cards 240 Ann T. Brown

Many Benefits from Centralized Library Services 245 Thomas Morey

Current Literature in Technical Processes 248 George V. Hodowanec

SLA News SLA Election Returns 265 SLA Student Groups 272

Chapters & Divisions 269 Call for Papers 1973 274

Vistas Copyright Infringement 275 Reviews 279

LTP Reports to SLA 278 Coming Events 280

Placement 15~ Index to Advertisers 16~

Editor: JANET D. BAILEY Advertising Sales: A. V.FORMAN Circulation: FREDERICKBAUM Specfa1 Libraries is published by Special Libraries Association. 235 Park Avenue South, New York. N.Y. 10003. @ 1972 by Special Libraries Association. Monthly except double issues for May/Jun and Jul/Aug. Annual index In 1)ecember Issue. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional nlailing offices. POSTMASTFR:Send Form 3579 to Special Llbrar~esAssucratlon, 235 Park Avenue South, hew York. N.Y. 10003. Special Libraries Association

President Directors (1969/72) EFREN W. GONULEZ EDYTHE MOORE Bristol-hfyers Products (Secretary of the Board) Science Information Services The Aerospace Corporation 1350 Liberty Avenue Charles C. Lauritsen Library (A4/108) Hillside, New Jersey 07207 P.O. Box 95085 Los Angeles, California 90045 President-Elect LOYD R. RATHBUN EDWARDG. STRABLE Massachusetts Institute of Technology Walter Thompson Co. J. Lincoln Laboratory Library Information Services Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 875 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Directors (1970/73) Advisory Council Chairman JOHN P. BINNINGTON Brookhaven National Laboratory FORRESTH. ALTER Research Library Flint Public Library Upton, New York 11973 Art, Music & Drama Department Flint, Michigan 48502 MIRIAMH. TEES The Royal Bank of Canada Advisory Council Chairman-Elect P.O. Box 6001 MRS. ZOE L. COSGROVE Montreal 3, P.Q., Canada 3M Company Directors (1971/74) Tape Technical Library 3M Center, Building 230-1s MARKH. BAER St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Hewlett-Packard Co. Libraries 1501 Page Mill Road Treasurer (1970/73) Palo Alto, California 94304 JANETM. RIGNEY MOLETEMORELOCK Foreign Relations Library Purdue University Libraries 58 East 68th Street Inter-Institutional Library Services New York, New York 10021 West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 Past President Executive Director FLORINEOLTMAN F. E. MCKENNA Air University Library Special Libraries Association Maxwell Air Force Base 235 Park Avenue South Alabama 36112 New York 10003

Subscription Rates. Free to SLA members. Nonmem- of the issue and the claim. No claims are allowed bers, USA and Canada, $22.50 per calendar year; add because of failure to notify the Membership Depart- $2.00 postage for other countries. Single copies (re- ment or the Circulation Department (see above) of cent years) $2.75. a change of address, or because copy is "missing from files." Back Issues & Hard Cover Reprints: Inquire Kraus Reprint Corp., 16 East 46th St., New York, N. Y. Special Libraries Association assumes no responsi- Microfilm & Microfiche Editions (1909 to date): bility for the statements and opinions advanced by Inquire University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. the contributors to the Association's publications. Instructions for Contributors last appeared in Special Changes of Address. Allow six weeks for all changes Libraries 62 (110.12): p.567-568 (Dec 1971). A pub- to become effective. All communications should in- lications brochure is available from the Association's clude both old and new addresses (with ZIP Codes) New York offices. Editorial views do cat necessarily and should be accompanied by a mailing label from a represent the official position of Special Libraries As- recent issue. Members should send their communica- sociation. Acceptance of an advertisement does not tions to the SLA Membership Department, 235 Park imply endorsement of the product by Special Libraries Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Nonmember Association. Subscribers should send their communications to the SLA Circulation Department, 235 Park Avenue South, Indexed in: Business Periodicals Index, Informarion New York, N. Y. 10003. Science Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, Hospital Lit- Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if erature Index, Library Literature, Library G Informa- received more than 90 days from date of mailing tion Science Abstracts, Management Index, Public Af- plus the time normally required fdr postal delivery fairs Znformntion Service and Science Citation Index. Membership DUES.Member or Associate Member $30; Student $5; Retired $10; Sustaining $100. The one-time payment for Member (Paid for Life) is $350. ESSENTIAL FOR THE UNITED NATIONS SHELF

YEARBOOK OF THE EVERYMAN'S UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS1969 The Eighth Edition contains the The principal reference work of the basic history of the Organization from Organization, the YEARBOOK is in- 1945 to 1965 and is a complete hand- tended to present factually, conven- book of the functions and activities iently and concisely, within a single, of the United Nations and its related fully indexed volume, the basic infor- agencies during those 20 years. mation needed to help towards under- The Supplement covers the years standing, and following, the workings 1966 to 1970. of the United Nations system. Together they constitute a complete Clothbound $27.00 history for the past 25 years. Statistical Yearbook.1970 Eighth Edition Clothbound $6.00 Comprehensive collection of interna- Paperbound $2.50 tional statistics relating to such i tems Supplement Clothbound $4.00 as population, energy, health, housing Paperbound $1.95 and many more. Special price for both volumes: Clothbound $22.00 Clothbound $7.50 Paperbound $1 5.00 Paperbound $3.95 Demographic Yearbook.1970 UN Monthly Chronicle lnternational demographic survey of statistics for over 250 countries and Designed for everyone learning or territories on population trends, mar- teaching about the United Nations. Its riages, divorces, births, deaths and follow-up on world events and quota- expectation of life. tions from important speeches and Clothbound $22.00 documents provides the best explana- Paperbound $15.00 tion of what the United Nations is, its aims and achievements. Yearbook of lnternational Trade Annual subscription Statistics.1968 U.S. and Canada $9.50 A compilation of national tables show- Other parts of the world $4.75 ing annual figures for several years for over 138 countries and territories, Yearbook of National Accounts and summaries of trade by large com- Statistics.1969 modity classes and by principal re- Vol. I Country Data 864 p. $12.50 gions and countries. Vol. II lnternational Paperbound $12.50 Tables 226 p. $3.50 Periodicals and Records for Research on Microfilm

PERIODICALS Artnews Fortune Golf Digest Golf World (England) Liberty Magazine (hard copy index included) Life Midwest Journal (Lincoln University of Missouri) National Journal National Sculpture Review Newsweek Soviet Life Sports Illustrated Time U. S. News & World Report

RECORDS FOR RESEARCH American State Papers ,bia University Oral History ~ollection Fair Employment Practice Commitfee Papers Fisher Manuals of Valuable and Worthless Securities Morristown Manuscript Colle~ti~n New Jersey Law Journal wthern Tenant Farmers Union Papers Stevens Family Papers

For more information on any of these ~blicationson microfilm, or the full list of American, College, and Foreign !wspapers on microfilm available from Microfilming Corporation of America. write or call

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VOTE AYE 0 I for FREE SAMPLE copy of NATIONAL JOURNAL ! Mail to NATIONAL JOURNAL Sales Agent: I Holt Information Systems, division of 1 Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc. I 383 Madison Avenue I New York, N.Y. 10017 I Name I 1 institution I 1 street I State Zip- I I Thiss90 directory an make you an instint authority on scientific authors and organizations. ISl's Who is Publishing in ScienceTM (WIPISTM)contains the names, addresses, and organizational affiliations of 220,000 authors all over the world who published a scientific or technical article during 1971. It's indexed by author's name, by organization (some 40,000 of them including academic, industrial, and governmental), and by geographic location. With information like this at your fingertips, it's extra easy to: Get authors' addresses for reprint requests W Find authors and/or organizations in specified locations See if an author had anythmg published during the year W Verify spelling of authors' names for bibliographies, inter-library loans, etc Differentiate between authors with similar names W Find the location of specified organizations and their divisions Determine what organization an author is associated with WlPlS lets you give authoritative answers to some of the toughest day-to-day questions a librarian encounters. Quickly. Efficiently. For $90.00. r------, I 26-321s cw,cr# I Please enter an order forcopy(ies) of the 1972 Annual of i ISl's Who is Publishing in ScienceTM (WIPISTM) at the price of $90.00. I i U@U" Name I Institute for Scientific Information T~tle 325 Chestnut Street. Orgamzatlon I Philadelphia, Pa. 19106, U.S.A. Address I Tel. (215) 923-3300 I Cable: SCINFO; Telex: 84-5303 city Stale i Headquarters-European Consultants ZlD 1 Anthony Cawkell 132 High Street countiy I Uxbridge. Middlesex. U.K. I Phone: Uxbridge 30085, Telex: 933693 13 Payment Enclosed 0 P.O.to Follow I3 Bill Organization I3 Bill Me I Help, Please! LETTERS Can you assist us in finding the current locations of copies of The Desk Catalog of German and Japanese Air Technical Docu- ments, U.S.A.A.F. Materiel Command, Wright Field, Ohio, 1947-1948? We would also like to know the locations of the card files to all, although Boeing laid off enormous num- these documents. The National Air and bers of employees, many with 15, 20, or 25 Space Museum has the microfilm of these years of service, I was not laid off-I quit! documents in its collection, as well as copies Let me further point out that I had only 3 of The Desk Catalog and card files. We need years longevity with Boeing. Second, a recent information on other locations around the issue of Special Libraries (Jan 1972) carried country so that we may refer customers to a one-half page invitation for librarians to them who are not located in our area. apply for Boeing employment while employment is still trending downward there I be- Robert B. Wood lieve. Chief, Historical Research Center Joseph Kramer Smithsonian Institution Sacramento State College Library National Air and Space Museum Sacramento, Calif. 95819 Washington, D.C. 20560 The Case of "The Claim" In Defense of Statistics While I am a member of SLA, I also pub- Please print this reply to Mark Baer's Let- lish a small monthly publication and at- ter to the Editor Special Libraries, Feb 1972, tached is a reply to one of my pet peeves p.9~. . . . "The Claim." Maybe it would provide .4s the author of "How to Survive in In- a subject for general discussion. dustry," Special Libraries, Nov 1971, I would like to reaffirm the usefulness of statistical Dear "Chief," surveys to justify a company library. First of The postcard imprinted below, which is typical of cards received from other libraries, has a very NEGATIVE reaction to this writer. First of all you have no "subscription order" . . . this is a gift. Secondly your "please" has a very demand- ing tone to it. It is addressed to "Gentlemen" and if this letter makes me no "gentleman" then you're -- wrong on three counts. Here's neat, low-cost, attractive storage for Seriously, though, may I strongly recom- l~braryperiodicals, other "difficult" materials such as newspapers, cassettes, trans- mend you take up with your fellow librar- parencies. Shelf-Files promote order to save f~lingand finding time: make more ians a change in your wording. The thing efficient use of shelf space. Many styles. that sticks in my craw is that coming as they sizes. See them in our new catalog. do some years after delivery date I am "con- catalog vinced" that the copies were in fact delivered of library and you are just trying to get replacements supplies and free for copies someone lost or had stolen. equipment Over 5,000 interesting l~brary items in one Gentlemen: big, colorful. The following subscription order is incomplete: complete catalog. Title: Western Railroader Select from 29 different book Issues not received: vol. 32, no. 2 (1969) trucks, 27 library vol. 29, nos. 9 & 12 (1966) tapes. 8 styles of Please supply as due. shelf-files. book returns, wood or : Very truly yours, card cabinets, sel Chief, Acquisition Division pockets, paperbac:~ks,&ic:,~k~c~-~our funds can buy more if y ou have a copy. Francis Guido WRITE: THE HIGHSMITH COMPANY, INC. The Western Railroader Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin 53538 San Mateo, California SE-LIN:"labels stay on and stay clean for the life of the binding. ..

Our SE-LIN System makes labeling of a book a one-time proposition. SE-LIN labels won't come off because they're heat sealed to the spine . . . can't get dirty because they're protected by a laminated layer of clear plastic. The SE-LIN label-making device attaches to your typewriter. So simple that anyone can use it. And so economical . . . only about one cent each for materials. Please write for our new illustrated folder giving full details. GAMORD GAYLORD BROS.. INC. LIBRARY SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT SYRACUSE, NY 13201 STOCKTON, CA 9520 Reference Function with an On-Line Catalog

Ruth Winik

International Business Machines Corporation, Advanced Systems Development Division, Los Gatos, California

The automated Experimental Library minal permits very fast answers to most Management System (ELMS) in use at patron and interlibrary loan questions. the IBM Los Gatos Laboratory has Reference collection currency can be proved to offer unique advantages in ful- monitored easily because files can be filling the reference function. All records searched by date. Time spent by patrons of the library, including complete bib- in file query is optimized by the provi- liographic descriptions, order informa- sion of nlultiple access points and the tion and circulation status, are available permutation of titles, descriptors and cor- at the librarian's fingertips at the refer- porate authors. ence desk. The IBM 2260 display ter-

AUTOMATIONof library processes What Is an On-Line Catalog? had emphasized that the reference function is the library. All library processes A catalog may be defined as follows have as their ultimate goal the referring (4): of the user to information (1, 2). "A register or compilation of items ar- In 1966, when the Conference on the ranged methodically, usually with suf- Present Status and Future Prospects of ficient description to aflord access. . . . Reference/Information Service (3) was A work of reference showing the location held, there was some concern that the and availability of publications as com- reference function required clarification plete units. . . . Distinct from index, as such, but interest was focused on how which is more generally concerned with to improve the accessibility and compre- content analysis." hensiveness of the information store itself, by means of computerized indexes, On-Line is defined as (5): catalogs, and networks. "Pertaining to equipment or devices un- In a special library, with its often small der direct control of the central proc- staff, many functions which are normally essing unit. . . . Pertaining to a user,s sepalate in a large library must be per- abil~tyto interact with a computer." formed bv a single" individual. This concentration of functions tends to empha- This paper is therefore concerned with size the unity of purpose of a library: records of books and reports (but not ar- providing information to the user. ticles in periodicals) contained in a par- Figure 1. The ELMS Display Terminal (IBM 2260) ticular facility, such records being stored on a direct access storage device, a disk Figure 2. One-Letter Codes file, which the user consults via a corn- puter by means of a terminal.

The ELMS On-Line Catalog Today, there are many computerized catalogs and many on-line systems in libraries (6, 7, 8). The Experimental Li- brary Management System (ELMS) on- line catalog (9) at the IBM ASDD Library in Los Gatos, California, has several distinctive features: The definition of catalog has been expanded to include all records con- Figure 3. Simple Instructions cerned with the books and reports in the library, from the initiation of an order, through receipt and processing, and continuing into circulation. The catalog is the single central file of a total integrated system. The on-line catalog is in everyday use in a working library and is the only bibliographic record that needs to be consulted. The terminal used is a display terminal with keyboard (IBM 2260), not a typewriter terminal; therefore, response time is very fast, all trans- Figure 4. KWlC Indexing of Titles actions taking place in "real-time." ELMS has now been fully operational for over a year, and we have had an opportunity to evalute its impact on the various aspects of library management, including the quality of service received by the patron. The conclusion is that such service has improved in two ways: 1) The patron normally consults the file directly and is usually able to find what he needs rapidly, by himself; and 2) Much of the librarian's time is freed, al- lowing concentration on the exceptional problems encountered by patrons. Figure 6. KWIC Indexing of Descriptors

How an On-Line Catalog Helps the Patron Figure 7. Access Points There are four display terminals in the library, two in the processing area, one at the reference desk, and one in a car- rel (Figure 1). The majority of the library users enter the library, sign in at a terminal, search the files, retrieve books from the shelves, check them out and leave, without any intervention by the librarian. This is made possible because the needs of the users here considered carefully when the system was designed (10). In this system, keying is kept to a minimum: commands are one-letter codes Figure 8. Complete Bibliographic Detail (Figure 2); search terms can be trun- cated, or even misspelled, since their input leads to the display of a section of the file from which choice may be made. Instructions are simple (Figure 8). Review of the file is in conversational mode, i.e., each display asks one question and waits for one answer. KWIC indexing is used for titles, corporate authors and descriptors (Figures 4, 5, 6). ~urthermore,many more access points to a document are provided than in a conventional catalog (Figure 7). Because Figure 9. Status Designation the complete bibliographic detail is available through any known access point, the often tedious problem of guessing the main entry is eliminated (11). Finally, because the ELMS catalog is part of a total integrated system, on- order and circulation records appear in the display of bibliographic detail. The user thus knows at once whether a book is on the shelf, checked out, on order or in process. In fact, if the book is checked out, the display indicates to whom and when (Figures 8, 9, 10). Figure 10. Circulation Status 219 How an On-Line Catalog Helps the Conclusion Librarian There are many ways in which the use The entire ELMS library catalog is of an on-line catalog affects the reference literally at the librarian's fingertips, since function. The user tends to become more one of the terminals is located on the self-sufficient, undertaking and accom- reference desk. This means that the ref- plishing his own searches with ease. The erence librarian can be on duty at the librarian is able to concentrate many ac- desk a much greater part of the time tivities at one station, and give better than would be possible with other types and faster service. of catalogs. In the future, more advances are pos- For example, without moving away sible: from the reference desk, the librarian can: ) The patron may enter his own circulation transactions, including 1. Introduce a new patron to the system. check-out, return and reserve. 2. Answer a telephone query from a pa- ) The patron's dialog may be saved to tron or another library concerning the provide the basis for enriching the possibility of borrowing a book. She files with new interrelationships of can give these answers immediately: terms. a. Yes, it is on the shelf; we will send ) The system may be expanded to in- it right out. clude a network of libraries, all us- b. No, we do not have it. ing a common file. c. Yes, but there will be a delay while ) Terminals may be located on the we recall it, because it is checked patron's desk in his own office, as out. well as in the library. d. Yes, but there will be a delay because it is: on order, or in process. The on-line catalog gives a new di- mension to the reference function and, 3. Show a patron the record of books he thus, has an important role to play in has checked out. This is particularly the development of dynamic libraries. helpful for patrons changing jobs or transferring to a different location. 4. Choose the most appropriate refer- Literature Cited ence book for answering "fact" ques- 1. B. F. Vavrek / A Theory of Reference tions. In addition to the distinctive Service. College 6. Research Libraries, features mentioned above, the system 29: p.508-510 (Nov 1968). also permits file search with the use 2. B. F. Vavrek / Eliminate the Reference of a date delimiter, thus simplifying Department. RQ 9: p.33-34 (Fall 1969). the identification of reference books 3. Proceedings of the Conference on the which cover a given period. Present Status and Future Prospects of Reference/lnformation Service, 1966. Co- 5. Select books for purchase. With pub- lumbia University, ALA, 1967. lishers' ads, Books in Print, Publish- 4. F. Casey / Compilation of Terms in In- ers' Weekly and similar tools at hand, formation Sciences Technology. NTIS, the librarian can make sound choices 1970, p.68. based on thorough review of the ex- 5. Ibid., p.299. isting collection, including items 6. G. Salton / On the Development of Li- which have been ordered. braries and Information Centers. Library Journal 95: p.3433-3442 (Oct 15, 1970). 6. Participate in the cataloging process. 7. I. A. WarheitlDesign of Library Systems This can cover a wide range of activi- for Implementation with Interactive ties, from simple corrections to the Computers. Journal of Library Automa- file and the addition of cross refer- tion 3: p.65-78 (Mar 1970). ences, to the entering of the complete 8. J. L. Bennett / On-Line Access to In- bibliographic information for books. formation: NSF as an Aid to the In- dexer/Cataloger. American Documenta- tion 20: p.213-220 (Jul 1969). R. W. Alexander and R. W. Harvey / An Overview of the Expe~imental Li- brary Management System (ELMS), IBM ASDD Report No. 16.189, Los Gatos, Calif., May 25, 1970. C. McAllister and J. M. Bell / Human Factors in the Design of an Interactive

LibrarvI Svstem.I lournal of ASlS 22: P. 96-104 (Mar-Apr 1971). C. McAllister / Cataloging and Display of Bibliographic Information in an On- Line Catalog. In: Proceedings of ASIS, 1970, p.69-72.

Received for reuiew Jun 22, 1971. Manu- script accepted .for -publication Jan 31, 1972. presented as a Contributed Paper at a meeting of the Documentation Diui- ~~thWinik is reference librarian, sion, Jun 7,1971, during SLA's 62nd An- IBM Advanced Systems Development Di- nual Conference in San Francisco. vision, Los Gatos, Calif. Audio and Video Cassettes Friend or Foe of the Librarian?

Arthur Poulos

American Chemical Society, 1155 16th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036

two-thirds, are in use in pre-1971 model The fast-growing list of titles and automobiles. For the most part, this for- users of audio tape cassettes indicates ac- mat does not lend itself to easy search of ceptance of the format as a communica- the tape for your favorite selection be- tions tool. Video tape cassettes, too, now cause provision for rewinding the tape are appearing in commerce and promise is rarely available. a revolution in audio-visual communica- A cassette is a much smaller piece of equipment. It measures 4" long, 2%" tions. For the librarian these products wide, and is only 5/16" thick. Basically, pose some special problems. A better unit consists of a feed reel and a take-up derstanding of what they can-and can- reel encased in plastic, and it can be not-do will help the library profes- thought of as a miniature open reel de- sional make optimum use of the new vice enclosed in a plastic box. Cassettes formats. use magnetic tape which is only about ?,$" wide, and the tape runs at only 1%'' per second. There are four tracks available, two in each direction. Most cas- THESTORY of magnetic tape pack- sette machines can record as well as play aged in cartridges and cassettes sounds back, and search of the tape is easier at times like a Cinderella story. The than with 8-track cartridges because prac- words "cartridge" and "cassette" are used tically all cassette machines provide for frequently and loosely these days. They fast rewind as well as fast forward. are not interchangeable, at least not in The two systems are obviously incom- the audio format. patible. Libraries are much more likely An audio tape cartridge measures al- to be involved with cassettes because of most 6" long, is about 4" wide, and their convenience features. nearly 1" thick. It uses magnetic tape in an endless loop configuration. The tape The Early History is l/qn wide and it runs at 3v4" per second. There are eight tracks or channels The idea of magnetic tape packaged in available, four in each direction, thus some type of container intrigued many the terminology "%track cartridge." Most manufacturers and users for a long time. %track cartridge machines are playback- About 18 years ago a patent was granted only units. That is, they are not capable on a plastic package containing magnetic of recording, although recorders are now tape in an endless loop configuration. becoming increasingly available. Most of About five years later, RCA Victor intro- the 8-track cartridge players, perhaps duced a twin-hub cartridge using 1/4" 222 tape running at 3%" per second. This recorders sold in the U.S. In 1971, unit device contained four channels of sound sales of cassette recorders were higher --double the usual number contained on than were sales of all types of tape re- 1/," tape up to that time. Not long after corders as recently as 1967. And Ampex the RCA product there appeared a prod- estimates that in 1972 cassette recorders uct developed jointly by CBS and 3M will account for almost 65y0 of the total which used a single spool of tape pack- tape recorder market. aged in plastic, with the take-up reel Does this rather heady growth mean housed in- the playback equipmeni This that Americans are hooked on hissy rock product used tape only '/s" wide and it music? Not at all. Listen to a current is- ran at only 1%'' per second. sue pre-recorded cassette containing None of these wroducts met with much classical music. Note the low level of success in the market place, but they set hiss and other noise. Practically every the stage for what we have today. major producer of cassette tape today The Philips organization in Holland offers a low noise, high output tape was among -those who picked up the which can give truly "high fidelity" thread. Their work led to a product mar- sound when played back on high quality keted in 1965 which, in effect, combined equipment. The availability of high the twin-hub configuration of the RCA quality cassette tape (and reliable cas- product with the I/," tape running at settes) has helped broaden the market 1%'' per second used by the CBS-3M for the format. In 1969 there were about product. And so was born the cassette of 3,600 releases or titles available on cas- today. settes. Today, Ampex alone has more than 5,000 and there are many other pro- ducers. Music accounts for most of the The Growing Medium titles. It offered many advantages. While it lacked the frequency response and sig- Cassettes in Libraries nal-to-noise ratio of medium priced reel- to-reel recorders, the cassette was much But music on cassettes is not the whole less bother than having to thread open story. By 1970 many doctors around the reel tape. And while its hissy sound was country were getting medical news on inferior to that of phonograph records, a cassettes. Alert chemical industry execu- cassette was much easier to carry around tives started their work week by listening and to store than records (or open reel to industry news via the American Chem- tape for that matter), and it could be ical Society's (ACS) Chemical Executiues listened to through a handy and mod- Audionews. By the end of 1970, Fortune estly priced and portable player. Today had started to offer its Executiue Voice all cassettes are made under a Philips cassette program. The year 1971 brought license and they must conform to Phil- interviews with famous scientists in the ips specifications. This is important be- form of the ACS's Men and Molecules cause it assures compatibility of all cas- cassettes and cassette tapes from ACS sette products with one another around meetings. the world. It is with products such as these that According to Ampex Corporation, librarians are most likely to become in- about 200,000 cassette recorders were volved with cassettes. There is likely to sold in 1966. This figure tripled to 600,- be great growth in demand for recorded 000 in 1967 and cassette recorders were interviews, seminars, symposiums, and suddenly accounting for about 10yo of lectures similar to those already offered. all tape recorders sold. In 1968 cassette Obviously, there is plenty of action on recorder sales tripled again and in 1969 the commercial front. But there is quite they doubled their 1968 totals. By 1970 a bit of ferment in the non-commercial cassette recorder sales were accounting arena, too. A fast-growing number of for more than half of all types of tape companies send product news and pep talks on cassettes to their salesmen. A ~riced at about $1,000.. . This move major brokerage house sends instruc- heightened speculation that the day we tions and situation reports on cassettes could make our own home video shows every two weeks to all its office manag- was nearly upon us. Those few years ers. Olin Corporation's research manage- have now passed and that day seems only ment circulates research notes on cas- slightly closer. Nevertheless, progress has settes to key research people. Growth of been made, the most significant being this kind of activity is so rapid that it is the coming availability of video cas- all but impossible to list accurately ev- settes on a fairly large scale, if manu- eryone using cassette techniques. facturers' announcements are to be be- All this activity indicates that appar- lieved. ently people, at least busy people, are Video cassettes promise to become rev- more likely to listen to a message they olutionary audio-visual and home enter- might tend to ignore in memo form. Ad- tainment products. The average Ameri- ditionally, lectures and interviews can can is said to watch television for ap- be quite interesting and even exciting, proximately 2,000 hours per year. Some certainly more exciting than cold type. forecasts indicate that video cassette Imagine-famous scientists can be heard penetration of the home market will discussing how they performed the work reach 5y0 of all U.S. television house- that made them famous and how they holds by as early as 1975. The crystal feel about the world of science. And ball gazers say that sales of video cas- they can be heard with all the warmth sette players to consumer markets could and enthusiasm, all the subtle inflections exceed $50 million in 1973 and spurt to and nuances that add so much to the un- $320 million only four years later. Sales derstanding of a discussion. Even better, of program materials (movies, sports this hearing can be done at one's own events, travelogs, etc.) could be $15 mil- convenience, while driving to or from lion in 1973 and climb to $1 15 million work, riding the train or bus, preparing by late 1974, and there will probably be breakfast, or taking a walk. an equal amount of program rental busi- Such activity with cassettes is bound ness. to affect the science librarian at work. Moving even faster, at least in the Certainly science libraries will have to earlier years, will be sales to institutional stock audio cassettes and list cassette pro- markets. Sales of video cassette players gramming on index cards. And librarians here could well be close to $100 million will have to remember to store cassettes in 1973, according to one survey, and at moderate temperatures and to keep they could exceed $150 million by 1974. them away from magnetic sources which Even bigger money is likely to be in- will erase them. The librarian, too, volved in program materials for institu- sl~ouldbecome familiar with the operations. A program market in excess of a tion of a cassette recorder since there may half billion dollars is visualized by some. be a need to record meetings, etc. Bas- But before such juicy sales figures can ically, however, it would seem that the be realized, some important things must audio cassette poses no difficult or un- happen: The products of the various usual problems for the librarian. manufacturers will have to become mu- tually compatible, and prices will have to decrease. Today, none of the systems The Video Cassette Is Coming talked about is able to play cassettes de- But such may not be the case with signed for another maker's machines. uideo cassettes. Video tape in cassette format is now beginning to appear and The Systems some predict a veritable deluge to come. A few years ago some enterprising The systems that have surfaced thus makers of videotape recording equip- far can be classified into two groups: ment marketed compact video recorders those based on magnetic tape and capable of recording, and those not based on tems visible today are quite novel tech- magnetic tape and so restricted to play- nically. However, the actual appearance back only. This difference is substantial in commercial channels of these systems and may be crucial to the success or fail- is somewhat doubtful. So far only CBS's ure of a format. Electronic Video Recording (EVR) sys- Companies backing the magnetic tape- tem has actually popped up for sale and based systems disagree on details of the its future in the U.S. is questionable. format, but they agree that the ability to RCA's "SelectaVision" is perhaps the record will tip the consumer toward a most exotic of the proposed magnetic tape system. Avco's "Cartri- only systems. It makes use of a tiny laser, vision" apparently is the first magnetic and the images are actually holograms tape-based system to become available for embossed on ordinary, low-cost vinyl home use. Sears Roebuck has announced film. RCA has demonstrated only a feasi- that it will offer this system built into bility model, but it insists that it will be some of its color TV sets. Record and read; to market SelectaVision playback playback units for attaching to existing units for around $400 early in 1973 and TV sets will become available later. that pre-recorded cassettes will be avail- Avco's product uses 1/2" magnetic tape. able for around $10. The nature of holo- Programs in a variety of lengths are to be grams is such that the "SelectaVision" sold or rented, with prices ranging per- film can be scratched or even torn with- haps up to $35 per program. Avco has out damaging the picture-a real boon many movies and sports events lined up to libraries. for its system. Nearly as esoteric as the RCA system Norelco's VCR system, now about is the Telefunken-English Decca "Tel- ready to be introduced in Europe, also dec" system. This is a disc system. Teldec uses ;/*" magnetic tape. The Norelco discs look much like thin, flexible phono- system is worthy of close attention be- graph records. The Teldec player looks cause several European equipment mak- much like an ordinary record player. ers apparently have agreed to use the But the Teldec disc revolves at 1,800 Norelco type of cassette, thus assuring revolutions per minute compared with compatibility. 33% rpm for standard records. And the The Japanese, too, have high hopes of Teldec turntable stands still! A 12" Tel- capturing a large piece of the market. dec disc today permits only about 15 The Sony "U-Matic" system, now becom- minutes of playback in black-and-white. ing available to institutional users, is The developers say longer playing discs also based on magnetic tape-but it is with color capability are coming. A disc 3/4" tape, not the Sntape on which the player priced at $150 is mentioned, with Europeans and Avco seem to have disc changers priced at about $300 under agreed. Japan Victor Corp. and Pana- development. The discs could be as in- sonic have apparently agreed to use the expensive as today's LP records because Sony format, although Panasonic hints they can be made out of the same low- that it will also produce a unit based on cost vinyl materials, and efficient high 1/2" tape. To muddy the waters a bit speed duplicators can be used. more, 3M has been licensed by Sony to CBS's EVR system is perhaps the best produce equipment in the Sony format. known of the playback-only video cas- Thus the stage is set for a showdown be- sette systems, mostly because of its early tween the %'' and 1/2" formats, with the arrival on the scene and actual sale of a consumer waiting in the wings. scattering of units. The EVR system uses Companies espousing non-magnetic a special narrow film which is contained tape systems firmly believe that their in a disc shaped plastic housing. Pro- systems are superior to those of the tape gram material in both black-and-white makers. Possible contenders here include and color is available. Playback is such illustrious names as CBS, RCA, and through a special player attached to a Telefunken. All the playback-only sys- TV set. Because it is a non-recording system, program material must be sent to chines, and extra care must be taken here CBS for putting on EVR cassettes. Per- to be sure that magnetic tape cassettes are haps because of this lack of flexibility, not accidentally erased by the user-a EVR has been slow in gaining wide ac- fairly easy mistake to make. And, since ceptance in the U.S. CBS has decided to it seems that video cassettes and players suspend production of EVR in the U.S. will be relatively expensive items, their and is transferring this operation to Eng- impact on budgets is likely to be rela- land. This move leaves the future of tively strong. In the same vein, these sys- EVR in this country very much in doubt. tems will also be expensive in terms of space required because viewing rooms Impact on Librarians and viewing monitors will probably be needed. And, as with audio cassettes, the Whatever format-or formats-win librarian might be called upon to video- out, the arrival of video cassettes will tape meetings or company seminars. probably make the life of the science li- That makes the librarian something akin brarian a bit more complicated. As with to a movie director! products in other media it will be necessary, of course, to stock video cassettes and index their contents. Storage condi- Received for review Jun 14, 1971. Re- tions must be watched carefully, espe- vised manuscript accepted for publica- cially with magnetic tape systems. These tion Mar 9, 1972. Presented at a meeting are also susceptible to damage from mag- of the Chemistry Division on Jun 9, netic sources. People will need to be in- 1971, during SLA's 63rd Annual Confer- structed in the use of the playback ma- ence in San Francisco. Bibliographic Control of American Doctoral Dissertations A History

Julie L. Moore

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007

- The primary sources of bibliographic 1969), and Dissertation Abstracts and its control of American doctoral disserta- predecessor (1938-1969). A brief biblio- tions have been three series: A List of graphic history of publication, purpose American Doctoral Dissertations Printed and coverage is presented in order to in 1912-1938, American Doctoral Dis- clarify the differences between these se- sertations and its predecessors (1934- ries, two of which are concurrently issued.

THECURRENT EMPHASIS on re- be printed, thus insuring that a listing search in academic libraries and informa- would appear in national bibliographies. tion centers has led to an increasing uti- However, neither the United States nor lization of all information sources, both Canada established national bibliopra-" published and unpublished. One of the phies until some years later. American primary sources of unpublished litera- universities awarding higher degrees ture has been doctoral dissertations, rep- have never rigidly enforced the printing resenting formalized investigations of of dissertations. Unless a dissertation special complex problems. The format found its way into print as a book or of a dissertation contains the experimen- scholarly article, theresearch performed tal details, statistics and minutiae which remained relatively unknown. The schol- are necessary for beginning research or arly community, recognizing the prob- for checking the validity of an experi- lem, proposed several solutions, includ- ment. As such, dissertations have long ing the printing of catalogs of each been utilized by scholars and researchers university's research, the collection of as a source of basic information. specialized subject lists, especially in literature, history, and science, and the The Problem compilation of a separate "national bibliography of dissertations." Prior to 1900, most European universities required studies for higher degrees to The Purpose This is the first in a two-part series on bibliographic control of American doctoral dis- It is the purpose of this paper to state sertations. The second part, an analysis, will briefly a historical summary of these na- appear in the Jul/Aug 1972 issue of Special tional listings of dissertations which are Libraries. a unique alternative to the bibliographic control of published and unpublished tial portion of early dissertation research doctoral dissertations in the United was not reported in any printed sources. States and Canada. There was still no single national bibliography of all printed works for either the United States or Canada. Any printed Bibliographic History-1912-1938 material would have had to have been The earliest national bibliographic listed in the regular publishing trade source for dissertation titles was issued channels available, principally the Amer- by the U.S. Library of Congress for 1912. ican Catalogue of Books (1876-1910), the This list, originally compiled by Charles Unlted State5 Catalog (1899, 1902, 1912, A. Flagg, was intended to be an annual 1928), Curnulatiue Book Index (1898- publication. Titles were collected from 1970) and Canadian Catalogue of Books letters sent to "the libraries of all univer- (1791-1897) or in the individual universities listed in the 1911 Report of the sity lists of faculty and student research. Commissioner of Education as maintain- In the Library of Congress series the ing graduate departments" (I). Presum- coverage and arrangement were quite ably the method of collection did not consistent. The earliest date of imprint change through the years. This series was 191 1; the latest was 1938. Each vol- listed only those doctoral dissertations ume arranged alphabetically by author which had been printed for circulation. contained the supplement of earlier ti- No listing of unpublished titles was tles missed in the preceding volumes. thought to be necessary, since there was However, there was no subject arrange- an assumption that most of the disserta- ment until 1915 when Alida M. Stephens, tions eventually would be printed. Flagg's successor, established a classified Early publication of dissertations took list using broad subject divisions based the form of monographs or entire issues on the Library of Congress Classification of scholarly journals. Texts were fre- schedules. This arrangement was contin- quently printed verbatim from the dis- ued until the series's demise in the I938 sertation manuscript. Even so, a substan- issue (printed in 1940). Bibliographic History-1934-1970 Princeton University, University of To- A second major series was established ronto, University of Michigan, Univer- in 1934 under the auspices of the Asso- sity of Nebraska, and Stanford Univer- ciation of Research Libraries. Its pur- sity (5Fcontributed unpublished dis- pose was to provide a source of unpub- sertations for 1934 to 1938. lished as well as published titles of A major policy change was enacted in American dissertations. This series has 1952 when the series title became Disser- been issued under three title changes tation Abstracts. The preface of the first from 1934 to 1969: Doctoral Dissertations issue of that year states (6): ". . . it is Accepted by American Universities hoped that the goal of a complete bibli- (1933134-1955/56), Index to American ography of doctoral dissertations may be Doctoral Dissertations (1955156-19661 realized within the next few years." With 67), and American Doctoral L)i.sserfations such a change, Dissertation Abstracts has (1967168-1968169). announced itself as the authoritative In the first issue, the editor, Donald B. source for dissertation literature and has Gilchrist, approached the problem of become known as such. In 1968, the se- bibliographic control of unpublished lit- ries added a few European titles to its erature by stating (2): "The fact [is] data base and was renamed Dissertation that a large percentage of American dis- Abstracts International. A computerized sertations are not printed in full, and data base of bibliographic information only part of these are even published in was established for Microfilm Abstracts abstract. . . ." The collection of disser- and Dissertation Abstracts (1934-1969) tation titles was compiled from lists sub- to be searched on individual request by mitted by "Deans and registrars and li- any researcher, scholar, or student. This braries of the Universities" (3) by the data base, known as DATRIX, was one Association of Research Libraries under of the first successful commercial infor- the auspices of the American Council of mation retrieval systems. It has since Learned Societies and the National Re- been published as Dissertation Abstracts search Council. This series also continues International Retrospective Index v.1- as an annual, issued usually one year XXIV providing a cumulative source, by after the dates of coverage. In recent keyword-in-title-index, for all disserta- years the time lag has been 14-20 tions listed in Microfilm Abstracts, v.1- months. Arrangement of titles has been 1 1 and Dissertation Abstracts, v. 12-29, under broad academic disciplines, i.e. covering in combination a total of thirty- Biology, Agriculture, Psychology. There four years. Each volume is arranged as a have been no other subject indexes to broad subject, such as Physics, Mathe- this series. The series has had two pub- matics, Life Sciences, Psychology, etc. lishers, but has remained under the di- Within the volume, the disciplines are rection of the Association of Reiearch arranged alphabetically, with a final Libraries. breakdown by keywords of the titles act- A third series, issued from 1938 to ing as a subject index. A single index to 1970, is commonly referred to as Disser- authors is provided in volume nine. Ab- tation Abstracts. Its first name, Microfilm stract numbers are listed after the author, Abstracts 1938-1951, was more descrip- together with the order number (7). Be- tive of its original purpose, that is to act cause this series has had a total of 258 as a publisher's catalog of dissertation universities contributing to the data and scholarly books available on micro- base, the new Retrospective Index pro- film. Eugene B. Power wrote in 1941 (4), vides an invaluable source for locating "If upon examination of the abstract, it various American doctoral dissertations. appears a copy of the complete manuscript would be of use, a microfilm copy Summary can be prepared from the negative on file at a very reasonable rate." As a National bibliographic control of manuscript data base, five universities- American doctoral dissertations began in 1912 with a listing by the Library of Con- Dissertation Abstracts, w.12-v.29. Ann Arbor, gress of pinted- dissertations &Iy. In Mich., University Microfilms, 1952-1968. 1934 the Association of Research Librar- 18v. in 240 parts. ies inaugurated annual lists of all titles Dissertation Abstracts International, w.jO. of dissertations awarded in the United Ann Arbor, hlicll., University RIicrofil~ns, 1969. lv. in 24 parts. States and Canada. This series is consid- Dissertation Abstracts Internationnl Retro- ered to be the most comprehensive source spectiwe Index, u.1-XXIX. Ann Arbor, for titles of dissertations available today. Mich., Xerox/University hlicrofilms, 1970. A third series dealing with disserta- 9v. tions was begun in 1938, with titles re- Doctoral Dissertations Accepted by American ferring back to 1934. Its purpose was to Universitirs, n.l-22. New York, FVilson, make titles available on microfilm. Al- 1934-1956. 2%. though its coverage of titles is incom- Index to American Doctoral Dissertations plete, this series (Dissertation Abstracts) 1955156-1966167. Ann Arbor, Mich., Uni- is considered by most library users to be versity bIicrofilms, 1957-1968. 12v. Microfilm Abstracts, u.1-w.11. Ann Arbor, the primary source for American doctoral Rlich., University blicrofilms, 1935-1951. dissertations rather than the series now 1lv. in 24 parts. known as American Doctoral Disserta- Orgren, Carl E. / Index to Dissertation Ab- tions (1934-1969). stracts. College and Research Libraries, 25: p.279-280 (Jul 1964). Literature Cited The United States Catalog; Books in Print 1899,1902,1912, and 1928. New York, FYi1- A List of American Doctoral Dissertations son, 1899-1928. 5v. Printed in 1912. Washington, U.S. Gov- U.S. Library of Congress / A List of Ameri- ernment Printing Office, 1913, p.7. can Doctoral Dissertations Printed in 1912- Doctoral Dissertations Accepted by Amer- 1938. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government ican Universities, 1933-1934 (no.1). New Printing Office, 1913-1940. 26v. York, Wilson, 1934, p.iii. Ibid., p.iv. Microfilm Abstracts, v.3(no.2): p.ix, 1941. Received for review Dec 9, 1971. Manu- Ibid., v.l(no.1): p.vii, 1938. script accepted for $ublication Mar 8, Dissertation Abstracts, v.12(no.l): p.iii, 1972. 1952. For an explanation of previous indexes to Dissertation Abstracts before the development of the Retrospective Index, see Carl E. Orgren's article "Index to Dissertation Abstracts," College and Research Libraries 25: p.279-280 (Jul 1964).

Acknowledgment Appreciation is extended to Richard H. Davis, publications director of the Gerontol- ogy Center, USC, for his help.

References American Catalog of Books 1876-1910. New York, Publishers' Weekly, 1876-1919. 13v. American Doctoral Dissertations 1967-1968 and 1968-1969. Ann Arbor, Mich., Uni- versity Microfilms/Xerox, 1969-1971. 2v. Canadian Catalogue of Books 1791-1897. To- ronto, Haight, 1896-1 904. 3v. Julie L. Moore is a member of the staff of Cumulative Book Index 1928132-1969. New the Gerontology Center, University of York, Wilson, 1933-1970. 16v. Southern California, Los Angeles. An Educational Model for Library Problem-Solving

Teaming Librarians, Students and Faculty

Edwin E. Olson, James W. Liesener, Donald H. Kraft

School of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

A cooperative agreement between the cal concepts and methods to new prob- National Agricultural Library (NAL) lems each semester. Each semester's work and the University of Maryland brings provides inputs to the following semes- together library school faculty and stu- ter. The conceptual approach and pro- dents and librarians in an applied re- cedures which have been developed pro- search team to develop a new approach vide the basis for initiating a similar to training for problem-solving in librar- training program in any large library ies. The participants develop proficiency within commuting distance of a library in problem-solving by applying analyti- scl100l.

INFEBRUARY 1970, the National Ag- pact on the field, new methods of teach- ricultural Library (NAL) and the School ing need to be developed which can of Library and Information Services speed up the dissemination process. (SLIS) at the University of Maryland Previous experience over the past sev- signed a cooperative agreement to de- eral years in instructing librarians in velop an experimental educational proj- various institutes, conferences, and work- ect. We wanted to explore new ways in shops convinced us that a new approach which library school students and faculty was needed. Although many librarians could join together with working librar- are anxious to update their skills (2), ians to improve library education both the short-lived workshops in which we for those about to enter the field and participated usually did not give librar- those who have been in practice. ians enough confidence to apply these new skills upon returning to their own work environment. Our experience in Background of Project instructing students in a library school We were particularly interested in dis- setting, while providing more time to covering an optimal approach to analyti- give the students confidence in their cal t~ainingfor graduate library students technical ability to do research, was un- and librarians employed in large library satisfactory. Their isolation from an operations. John Sherrod, director of actual work setting seriously limited NAL, shared our view that there was a their ability to translate these skills into need to develop more effective and effi- operational behavior once the transition cient means of training library students was made from a student role to a profes- and library peisonnel in the new ana- sional role. lytical concepts and methods which hale It was hoped that the joint endeavor been produced in library science (I). between NAL and SLIS in which librar- Rather than wait for ten or more years ians and students would work together for the new approaches to have an im- in a real library environment would represent a breaktl~rougli. The librarians consumers of research reported in the lit- would receive training relevant to their erature if they have developed their own working environment and over a long ability to do research. enough time period to have a significant The secondary objective is to produce impact on their ability to do research, findings about library operations at NAL and the participating students would see which will be useful for decision-making that the research skills they were learn- by management. There did not seem to ing could be actually used by working be a contradiction between these two ob- librarians to identify and analyze au- jectives since previous experience sug- thentic library problems. gested that students and practitioners In addition to our interest in develop- will more effectively absorb and apply ing a new model for library education research methods if these methods are and continuing education, the project learned in the course of tackling prob- would also open up new avenues for re- lems that are important and of interest lating the library school to libraries in to them. the geographic area. We believed that a library school has an obligation to de- Procedures velop laboratory experience for its students, particularly in planning, manage- The kind and number of participants ment, and research (3). The laboratory each semester are: experience envisioned would differ from SLIS the more traditional internship arrange- Faculty project director: 1 ment where skills in library practice are Faculty guest lecturers and consultants developed under library supervision. We on aspects of the research projects: also wanted something other than a tra- 3-4 ditional field visit with observations of Student research assistants: 1-2 library activities. The laboratory experi- Students taking course for credit: 10- ence was also to be substantially different 16 from merely conducting a course for stu- NAL dents and librarians in a library rather Staff liaison officer: 1 than in a library school classroom. The Professional librarians regularly par- model for the course which would be de- ticipating in class: 3-5 veloped in the NAL-SLIS cooperative Middle-level and top-level manage- agreement would be similar to a research ment serving as resource persons: approach. This seemed to be appropriate 2-3 since the purposes were to train participants in analytical methods. Adopting a The students receive 3 semester cred- research model also would allow us to its for the course "Analysis of the Li- develop findings about the library proc- brary Service Process." Participating li- esses at NAL which, to the extent they brarians have the option of receiving could be generalized, could add to the academic credit as a special student or a body of library and information science. special certificate from SLIS. Each semester the participants identify one or more problems of interest to the Objectives NAL librarians which can be studied The major objective of the course de- within one semester. Experiences over veloped by the project is educational. several semesters indicate that the proc- The primary need is for analytic skills ess of problem identification is crucial. which can be used by librarians to deal The inability of both students and prac- with library problems on the basis of titioners to frame problems conceptually quantitative data. The assumptions are seems to be universal and consistently re- that 1) all library professionals have quires considerable attention in this need for these skills in their regular process. There are also many dilemmas work, and 2) all librarians will be better in tlie process, many conflicting aims which need to be balanced. If the librar- appropriate for the problem; ians choose the problems, they may not Design the methodology for the be appropriate to develop educational problem; experiences for the students. If the stu- Collect data; dent or faculty choose the problems, Analyze data; they may not be perceived as relevant by Evaluate data; library management. If narrow, well- Draw conclusions and make oral focused research problems are chosen, recommendations to management; there will be enough time to complete Receive feedback from manage- them during one semester. However, ment; broad, more ill-defined problems allow Develop a final written report. the student more opportunity to wrestle Meetings with the project staff, oral and with the definition of the problem and, written progress reports, and intergroup usually, an opportunity to explore and criticism are important parts of this choose among a larger variety of research phase. methods. Some of the problem areas investigated A range of problems is proposed pri- in the project were: capability of pro- marily by the library participants and viding material to meet the needs of a discussion ensues to identify problems particular user group; relationship of which represent an optimal trade-off be- document of selection and document de- tween the many considerations of prob- livery; management information system lem definition-problems in which the for maintenance and weeding of library goals of all participants can be balanced. materials; coverage and timeliness of This dialogue requires a process of mu- the Bibliogra$hy of Agriculture. tual education and mutual regard which must be developed over several semesters. The first section of the course (five Benefits of Project weeks) is devoted to learning basic re- In several semesters the participants search skills, including reorganizing evaluated the extent to which the knowl- problems into more specific and testable edge and skills gained during the semes- hypotheses, reading tables and graphs, ter could be applied in other library sit- understanding basic statistical measures, uations. For example, in one evaluation, recognizing data elements in library re- students received a copy of an annual research, collecting data, analyzing data, port of an academic medical library and reporting recommendations to man- (picked at random from a file of such an- agement. No skills beyond arithmetic nual reports) and were allowed 15 min- are required to learn these research utes for study and 30 minutes to criti- skills. Also, during these first five weeks, cize the annual report in view of what students have a chance to practice ana- was learned during the semester. We lytical skills by working with "canned" could determine that most students were problems of the National Agricultural able to discuss effectively the enumera- Library which have been identified and tion of events and a few unanalyzed sta- studied in previous semesters. Small tistics contained in the annual report. groups of participants discuss these prob- Although we have not conducted a lems following weekly lecture sessions. more thorough analysis of the educa- The final ten weeks are devoted to tional benefits, we are convinced that the analysis of three or four small current project is a prototype which should be NAL problems or three or four subprob- extended to other special libraries, to lems of a larger problem. Students divide other types of libraries and perhaps to into research teams, one team for each other areas of the library school curricu- problem, and perform the following lum. Plans are currently underway to ex- tasks: tend the project to other federal libraries I. Reformulate the problem; in the Washington metropolitan area. 2. Identify data elements and methods The educational materials developed in MAY/JUNE1972 the project including the "canned" prob- See, for example, a study of the education lems are being revised for wider distribu- needs of federal librarians by Kortendick tion. The benefits of the project as a and Stone in which 70% of the top-level problem-solving mechanism for the par- administrators stressed the need for more training for all librarians in administra- ticipating library are also being realized, tive policies and practices and policy for- according to the feedback we have re- mation and decision-making. - am& J. ceived from top management on the re- Kortendick and Elizabeth W. Stone / Ed- cent problems we have studied. ucation Needs of Federal Librarians, NAL draws upon research and training Drexel Library Quarterly 6 (no.3): p.264- expertise in a library school. The library 278 (Jul 1970). school participants benefit by learning In their assessment of a post-masters in- analytical methods, by exposure to cur- ternship program in biomedical librarian- rent problems and developments, and by ship, Pings and Cruzat also conclude that developing research findings which are although in-service training programs run by libraries can be appropriate for train- relevant to theoretical and applied con- ing students for appointment to their cerns of library science. Line (4) evi- own staff, the obligation for developing dently had this mutual benefit in mind: laboratory experiences must rest with the If the practice of questioning, rather library schools. Vern R.I. Pings and Gwen- than acting on answers taught us long dolyn S. Cruzat / An Assessment of a Post- ago, is to become habitual-if librarian- Masters Internship in Biomedical Librar- ianship, Journal of Education for Librar- ship is to become, or remain, a vital and innship 12 (no. I): p.3-19 (Summer 1971). posit ive profession-the presence in the RI. B. Line / "The Impact of Research on library of persons whose prime function Libraries and Their Parent Institutions," it is to question and investigate is likely Research into Library Services in Higher to contribute greatly towards this. It Education, London, Society for Research .should have a vitalizing, if initially dis- into Higher Education, Ltd., Feb 1968, turbing influence on the whole staff. At p.30. the same time, ordinary library stao should be able to contribute to the re- Received for review Jun 14, 1971. Re- search in all kinds of direct and indirect vised manziscript accepted for pu blica- ways. It is also of great importance to the tion Feb 29, 1972. presented Jun 7, 1971 research that it should keep some sort of at the Third General Session, during contact with the practical library world, SLA's 62nd Annual Conference in San and not go up blind alleys trying to an- Francisco. swer questions that no one wants to ask. Edwin E. Olson is professor, James W. Acknowledgment Liesener is associate professor, and Don- ald H. Kraft is assistant professor, Uni- The authors acknowledge gratefully the versity of Maryland, School of Library and support and encouragement of John Sherrod, Information Services, College Park, Mary- director of the National Agricultural Library, land. and Mary O'Hara and Alfred Hodina who capably have served as NAL liaison officers for the project described in this report.

Literature Cited 1. The following article discusses some of these methods and concepts and cites additional references: Edwin E. Olson / "Quantitative Approaches to Assessment of Library Functions." In Impact of Mechanization on Libraries and Informa- tion Centers, James A. Ramey, ed., Phila- delphia, Information Interscience, Inc., 1968. The Cataloger's White Knight? MARC

Hillis L. Griffin

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439

SOMETIME, on a nice, quiet day in any time at all cataloging that book. your library, when all of the problems Given a certain level of professional cata- have been solved, and the phone is not loging, I would imagine that most of the ringing off the hook, give a thought to 472 would have been able to apply ap- the part of your library where problems propriate modifications (the name of this are eternal and where, if they are ever game is called proof-sheet cataloging, in solved, it is at great expense and re- case you do not recognize it) to the cata- dundant effort. This activity is called log record received from the Library of cataloging, and holds forth day and Congress in rather short order, which (sometimes) night, depending upon the would have given more time to demon- balance of the input of books to be cata- strate against the 17th edition of Dewey, loged. It is influenced to some extent by or to demonstrate for the 18th. At any requests from users for books, obviously rate, I submit that one of the real prob- received by the library, to be cataloged. lems in librarianship today is not Output will rise or fall depending upon whether rugs have a place in all librar- the weekly arrival of proof slips from ies, or whether the computer will replace the Library of Congress, or the receipt of the book. As things are going now, we an occasional printed Card from the Li- will still have some 1970 imprirlts await- brary of Congress for a book received ing cataloging if and when the computer months earlier. As a last resort, you may is ever ready to replace them. And while decide to give original cataloging to a you are at it, you might shed a tear for book which has been on hand for some the user who could have profited from time and for which, as surely as night having the use of that book. Poor fellow! follows day, cataloging will issue forth Our real problem is getting those books from the Library of Congress within two cataloged. weeks of the time you catalog it. Worse If there is still a dry eye among you at yet, they will not agree with you. Indeed, this point, consider the number of pub- if we were to convene an international lications which were not listed in Pub- symposium (federally supported, of lishers' Weekly last week, or the week course) with the attendance of the 473 before that, and so on. These were the catalogers who have already cataloged publications of societies, institutes, sym- this book, we would probably fail to find posia, and other bodies both noted and substantial agreement among them on al- obscure. We each have our secret meth- most any contentious point. What ods for finding them and acquiring them, should really cause us dismay, however, so that we can "not-catalog" them be- is that 472 of these people had to spend cause they are so difficult that even the Library of Congress will not touch them, except under extreme duress. . . . the basis for any substantive com- I sometimes think that we rate rather puter applications at the Library of Con- poor marks as information merchants to gress was the development of some way to ourselves. Not only do we have prob- represent and manipulate bibliographic lems identifying the world's literature, information. and cataloging it, but we also have problems in making known to ourselves the availability of catalog information. And once it is available we spend time and ef- Before you decide to throw in the fort in typing cards, in typing call num- towel and line up at the local unemploy- bers, tracings and the like on the card ment office, I do want to say that help is sets which must then be broken up, al- on the way. The good guys in the white phabetized, and ultimately filed in the hats at the Library of Congress have not right place in our catalogs. In all of this been idle. We have been watching the the real problem is the amount of time emergence of a solution for several years we spend-clerk and cataloger-looking now, and it seems more viable with each for information, identifying items to ac- passing year. Not many librarians have quire so that we can try to locate catalog seen it, although many have heard of it. information for them. Some who have heard of it have wondered what it will do for them, and oth- Cataloging in Publication ers have wondered what it will do to them. Others have written it off as just Cataloging in source would be a mar- another half-baked antic of the computer velous answer to this dilemma. Some of crowd, doomed to be too expensive and you may remember when, for a time, too limited to be of much use to any li- some books arrived with a catalog card brary, except the largest, for whom it printed on the back of the title page, or will surely be too expensive simply be- at the end of the book. Things were cer- cause of its sheer bulk. And anyhow, tainly easy then. Unfortunately, this computers are too expensive for libraries. scheme apparently made life so easy for And if they are not too expensive, then the librarians that it was abandoned. they will not do "it" right. And besides, Some attempts are now being made to we do not understand about computers, resuscitate this ghost under the guise of and we do not want to understand about Cataloging in Publication. I hope that it them either. will succeed, for we very desperately need every program of this kind that we can An Answer? nurture to assist in getting the cataloging done. I wish that I could view this as the The name of the white knight is answer to the problem, but reflect for a MARC, which stands for MAchine Read- moment. Consider which publishers will able Cataloging. I have never ceased to never put the standard book number on marvel at the genius who was able to their publications, because they do not connect cataloging with an acronym of know what the standard book number is, any sort. Its genesis came from a meeting much less what their standard book num- in 1963 at which the computer-related fu- ber is. This same tribe of bibliographic ture of the Library of Congress was gypsies will not be champing at the bit discussed by librarians and computer-re- to catalog their books in publication lated non-librarians. Very little was set- either. Indeed, I would gather that some tled, but it seemed rather basic to some of the pleasure they derive from publi- that the basis for any substantive com- cation is thinking about librarians puter applications at the Library of Con- around the world trying to establish rea- gress was the development of some way sonable subject headings for their last to represent and manipulate biblio- offering before the next one comes along. graphic information. Not just 80 col- umns of bibliographic information in a a format for the transfer of information punched card, but an even more compre- from one library to another, but it is cer- 'hensive representation than was then tainlv not the ideal format for the stor- found with the Library of Congress age of this information. It is not even printed cards. Henriette Avram and her used by the Library of Congress to store group persevered, and from this work MARC data. But it is an elegant and so- came the MARC Pilot Project in 1966, phisticated format for the transfer of in- distributing comprehensive bibliographic formation among and between a large information for over 55,000 English lan- group of information receivers. guage monographs to the 16 participat- Second, then, is the meaning of MARC ing libraries in 2% years. These libraries I1 as a distribution service of the Library did things with the information-proof Congress. The Library distributes duced catalog cards, book catalogs, ac- weekly, on magnetic computer tape, the quisitions lists, cataloger work sheets, accumulation of new data records for the book selection lists, and more. They eval- cataloging of English language mono- uated MARC for the jobs that they had graphs which have been accepted into in mind in their libraries. They found the system during the past week. This its weak points-and its strengths too. information is distributed to over 65 Most of all they determined that it was users in the United States, Canada, Great an answer, and that it had to be refined, Britain, Europe, and the Far East. An expanded, made to work, and continued. average week's output will be about The Library of Congress, for its part, 1,200 records-over 60,000 records each had not only to evaluate MARC in rela- year-representing all the English lan- tion to its Awn bibliographic activities, guage monographic cataloging output of but had to explore efficient and accurate the Library of Congress. The service methods to put this information into costs subscribers $8001 year-about a machine-readable form, and to do it penny per record. It is now in its third rapidly. year of operation. Both of these groups saw the fruition of their efforts in MARC 11, which seems What to Do with It to have two meanings. First, we have the MARC I1 format which is reallv a What can you do with these records scheme for fully representing biblio- that come to you each week? One thing graphic information in machine-readable you can do is to use this information to form (let us say "on computer tape" for prepare catalog cards. That is what the convenience) in a standard arrangement Library of Congress is doing with it- that will be generally usable and can photocomposing catalog cards instead of easily accommodate such changes and producing them on the old brass press. modifications as are later found to be It has sometimes been rumored that Cap- desirable. The main problem arises with itol Hill is nothing more than a great the identification of the elements of in- dome built over the filing cabinets that formation within the bibliographic rec- contain all of the in-print LC printed ord. The computer, because of its gross cards produced since Man was created. If stupidity, finds it very difficult to dis- this is true, then this new method of card tinguish a geographic subdivision from a production means that the Pentagon is form subdivision in a subject heading, safe from requisitioning as a depository for example. It can do it, but at consid- for further card storage, since cards will erable expense. Better that this informa- now be photocomposed and printed "on- tion be formally identified as such if we demand" as they are ordered. are to minimize expense to the user. So Library and library-related users have MARC I1 is, for one thing, a standard, followed suit, albeit less elegantly, print- and is so recognized by the American Na- ing their cards on computer printers- tional Standards Institute, and by the some in upper and lower case character professional library organizations. It is sets with a full complement of diacriti- terrogate this file via remote consoles. I Some libraries wait forever for the Library emphasize that such a system can work of Congress. very nicely in a non-interactive environment. A major difficulty in finding catalog information is that most files are ar- cal marks, and some in upper case only ranged by main entry, and main entries without diacriticals. Some libraries use are rather difficult to predict. It would MARC as input to their production of appear that indexes arranged by title of- book catalogs. One library is providing fer some advantage in searching for cata- a current awareness service in several log information. With the computer, and subject areas (library science among with machine-readable catalog informa- them) to many libraries about the coun- tion, you can arrange the indexes in any try. The important thing to note is that form, for any time span, and even reject MARC is being effectively used by a certain materials automatically. number of libraries (many not even sub- Another important use of MARC in- scribers) in this country, probably nearly formation is as a selection tool for or- 100. I could go on at some length about dering. Although the MARC record can how MARC can be used to provide these be used to generate purchase orders, it products, but this is an ongoing activity, can also be used very nicely to generate and more applications are developed a selection list, arranged by class. The each month. best material to order is the material you I hope that I will not provoke a rush can catalog as soon as it arrives at your of tears to your eyes by harking back to library, and, if you use the MARC data the agonies of cataloging to which I re- base as a source for ordering, you guaran- ferred earlier. You remember--every- tee that you will move these books out body cataloging the same book. The rea- into circulation very rapidly. son that they were all cataloging it, of course, was that none of them knew that Toward a National System the other was. Given their druthers, some of them would not have cared if somebody All of this activity still places each li- else were cataloging it-they would have brary in a rather passive role relative to gone on and done it "right," anyway. generating catalog information. We are The problem which we face in our li- still in the same situation-waiting for brary, and which I wish all libraries the Library of Congress to get around to faced, is that the books arrive at our li- cataloging oul- book. We have defined a brary the same time as they arrive at the method of communicating information Library of Congress. So we are tempted from one library to another, and we have to play the waiting game, seeing whether defined the rules for the bibliographic we can outlast them, before we finally elements which must be included and yield and do original cataloging for these identified. But it is still a one-way street. books. Some libraries wait forever for the Now we need to consider sharing. We Library of Congress, and some have even need an interactive catalog information been known to purchase a microfilm system which will enable us to secure copy of a book which crumbled to dust cataloging information if it is available. waiting on a shelf in the catalog room If it is not available, we need to be able to be cataloged. either to leave a message that we want to MARC should be able to get the cataloging information to libraries sooner, especially since the regular catalog cards will be photocomposed from the MARC . . . so many people wax eloquent about information. Libraries should no longer conserving our human resources and have to file proof slips, but should, in- yet condone our technical processing stead, be able to rely on locally generated systems. indexes to a MARC data base, or to in- receive it when it is available, or that we will volunteer to catalog it and make it The MARC system which we see today available. Such a system would be much must be the forerunner of a more compre- like a reservation system for airline seats. hensive, interactive system of shared bib- If we have to catalog all of our books liographic information. without outside assistance, we pay a ter- rible price, and without giving-or receiving-charity. Or we may refuse to pay the price, letting the users pay instead, by not providing them with the must remember that the Library of Con- information they need. If there was eter gress is simply that-the congressional a method devised for giving a library a library. It is not our national library, reputation for poor service, and for creat- built to serve the national community of ing a large group of ex-users, then this is libraries. What we are really looking for surely it. is an interactive National Union Catalog We talk very glibly about cooperation, to make available to libraries everywhere but you have probably noticed that li- our current bibliographic resources, and braries have great difficulty cooperating to give them active support in building among themselves, especially after the these resources together, not in splen- euphoria of conferences and discussions did isolation. MARC is the vehicle has worn off. Costs are rising, and budg- through which this can occur, and which ets are decreasing. There are more books makes it possible. The MARC system and journals to acquire, and fewer dollars which we see today must be the forerun- with which to process each one. Surely no ner of a more comprehensive, interactive area of librarianship is in such tragic system of shared bibliographic infor- condition, or suffers so much active neg- mation. We simply cannot afford to re- lect, as this business of getting the mate- invent the wheel thousands of times rials processed and out on the shelves. each day. Nobody is going to offer you And things will continue to go this way this system ready-made. You are going to until we all realize that it is in the best have to invest your time and sweat and interest of all of us to do something money in it, and others are going to have about this problem. The methods and to do the same. The ultimate worth of equipment are at hand. We lack only such a system is beyond measure, and concerted and responsible support for the time for its appearance on the library such an undertaking. I am amazed that scene is long overdue. so many people wax eloquent about conserving our human resources and yet Receiued for review Jun 22, 1971. Manu- condone our technical processing sys- script accepted for publication Feb 8, tems. 1972. Presented Jun 9, 1971, at the Fifth I am looking toward this needed, and General Session, during SLA's 62nd An- logical, next extension of MARC. You nual Conference in San Francisco. Use of the MT/ST at a Remote Facility to Produce Catalog Cards

Ann T. Brown

The Timken Company, Canton, Ohio 44706

Mechanics for producing thousands the research library at a facility twelve of catalog cards needed on a "catch-up" miles from the main plant typewriter in- as well as a continuing basis were imple- stallation. Redundant handling and loss mented by the decision to use a mag- of materials posed real dangers. Analysis netic tape typewriter already in opera- of procedures feeding into the proposed tion within The Timken Company. Ma- card production system suggested a solu- jor problems of typist instruction and tion making use of work sheets and con- supervision arose due to the location of tinuous typing forms.

THE TIMKEN RESEARCH LI- Analvsis of workloads carried bv li- BRARY collection represents a highly brary personnel indicated no appreciable specialized interest in ferrous metallurgi- increase in card typing could be realized cal and engineering investigations. As an from this source. Nor was typist help industrial research library, it must make available elsewhere in the research cen- recorded knowledge readily available in ter. However, at the main plant location order to avoid costly duplication of re- some twelve miles distant, the company search effort. Fragmented parts of a col- had within its service structure a central lection, served by no central index typing facility, including an IBM Mag- reflecting complex holdings, become vul- netic Tape Selectric Typewriter (MT/ nerable to incomplete or inaccurate ST). These facilities were available, and search for already reported information. it was possible to convert MT/ST out- Checking the card catalog against the put tape to computer tape for storage shelves showed that thousands of catalog and later use. There was also a central cards were needed to "catch-up'' with computer facilities area, undergoing con- the existing collection; and further, that siderable expansion to relieve heavy thousands more would be needed in the scheduling. Internal mail delivery ar- future on a continuing basis for incom- rived four times a day and included ing material. The intended goal would pick-up and delivery at the research cen- be provision of an accurate, in-depth ter. central index. For items cataloged by The Library of Congress, purchase of Problems printed cards was specified; but the bulk of the collection would still need original Location of the research center twelve catalog cards. miles from the main plant presents two problems inherent to distance: handling Layout for the CWS was designed to of materials and typist supervision. Pen- make maximum use of standard 81h" x cil markings on the books and reports for 11" paper. Line and space numbers in- catalog card format did not seem too ob- side the boxes refer to elite type, or 12 jectionable, but sending these materials pitch on IBM machines, positioned on a in quantity through the internal mail 125mm x 75mm catalog card, using 17 system did seem objectionable. And there vertical lines and 59 horizontal spaces as was the undesirable feature that items a standard. Design format was finalized parked on a distant desk during typing after discussion with MT/ST typists. were unavailable for primary use. Later An MT/ST equipped with library op- each item would have to be handled tion works on a two-tape principle. One again for insertion of circulation control tape carries a set of typing.- - instructions records. Redundant handling and loss of and the other holds the copy being materials posed real dangers. Although worked on, eventually to come out of the no appreciable increase in production MT/ST as the master tape. Master tape could be expected from research library output contains information from the personnel, their special training was catalog typing worksheet broken down available to draw upon if there were into blocks and assigned identifying ref- . ~ some practical way to transfer library erence code numbers, "know-how" to the MT/ST typists for Training MT/ST typists to become mass catalog card production. A practical familiar with the terms of the material solution to both problems seemed to be they were expected to type and with the offered through the use of catalog typing terms of the instruction was accom- worksheets. plished in a two-hour session. Providing samples of cards which the library staff had typed according to instruction al- The Worksheet lowed the MT/ST typists to follow the A Catalog Typing Worksheet (CWS) same instructions and compare results. would have to meet the following: Planning and testing the program of machine instructions to carry out the li- Supply must easily be maintained; brary search option took- several days typing onto a multilith master would time, and was facilitated by prior knowl- allow printing on standard 8y2" x edge of what library catalog cards looked 11" paper. like (Figures 1, 2). The key to consistent It must be able to contain complete typing was a set of instructions for li- and sufficient information to serve in brary personnel indicating standard pro- place of the item needing catalog cedures to follow in filling out the CWS. cards. It must allow typing in a consistent, Format Followed repetitive pattern or format. No library personnel would be present to Block i is reserved for the shelf num- answer questions during typing: typ- ber (call number) indicating location. In ing instruction could not vary from many instances the shelf number could one CWS record to another. be a Library of Congress classification number; it could as easily be an AD It must specify for each record how number from USGRDR. Shelf numbers many and what types of cards were appear on catalog cards in the upper to be typed. left corner beginning line 2, space 2. It must provide sufficient specificity Typing instructions direct that the num- to allow search and retrieval capa- ber be picked up exactly as it appears on bility for both the MT/ST and the the CWS; library procedures for filling storage medium. out the CWS indicate the use of a flexi- It must allow provision for later up- ble combination of letters and numbers, date of stored records. up to a maximum eight spaces and eight SllELF NUMBER (line 2 - space 2) AFMDC Unit Cards /A b 1 70-1 1970 HEADING Cards 1 (line 2 - space 10)

ACCESS SUi*lBER ORDER NUHUER iii 1 (line 1s -space 211 1 iV 1 (line 17-space 211 I 021 023 7108076 MAIN ENTRY (line 4 - space 10, can continue margin 10) 1 Air Force Machinability kt. Center. btcut hesearch Associates Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio. (line S - space 12, or next line ollowing v i MAIN ENTRY; can continue margin 1;)

MACHINING OF HIGH STRENCTH STEELS WITH EMPHASIS ON SURFACE INTXiRITT.

vii pace, then immediately following TITLE can a-b 10)

AFML(MAAH) Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.

(skip a line following IMPRINT iii PARAGRAPHS space 12; can continue margin 10) Michael Field, William P. Kostar, John B. Kohls, Robert E. Snider, eanchik, Jr. Contract No. F336--C-1112. Pro Ject No. 8975.

(skip a line after last PARAGRAPH ix space 12; continue margin 10) I electrochemical machining I. Title. fatigue stmngth 11. Title: SURFACE INTEGRITY. grinding 111. htcut. high strength steels IV. Contract No. nondestructive testing V. Field, +lm&- Y olastic deformation VI. Koster, 4Le w P residual stress stress corrosion tinspection Q C WBL / A J ~ur,u~- + heat treatment -

Figure 1. Catalog Typing Worksheet.

lines. In actual wractice. maximum fill is Use of continuous card stock had been almost never utilized. anticipated, to cut down on the time Block ii serves a dual purpose: it in- necessary for insertion and alignment of structs the typist how many and what individual cards. Trial on a comparative kind of cards to make, and to insert a basis of continuous card stock and strip coded reference at this point reserving form card stock led to selection of the room for future use. None of the instruc- strip form for use; no typewriter changes tions or information in this block is were needed, leaving the MT/ST im- typed onto the catalog cards. mediately available for routine office use. Figure 2. Catalog Card Typed from Information in CWS in Figure 1.

Our first experience with card stock in Circulation records are filed during strip form was with 8-up strips having use by shelf number. These cards are prepunched holes, which the typists used pre-printed on one side to receive the to line up for typing position. It turned user name, with space allowed in the up- out to be too easy to mis-align type which per left corner for a small label con- would be chopped off at cutting; it was taining the shelf number; on the verso also too easy for the big cutter blade to is a carbon copy of unit record informa- make uneven divisions. This led to the tion. design and use of a card stock in 10-up Since the label stock would not need strips having both holes and lines, plus to undergo a separate operation for cut- stubs on the top and bottom. ting, this would allow preparation of the Label typing specified in block ii is article for shelf readiness prior to the ar- done concurrently with a batch of card rival and filing of the catalog cards. stock typing. Label stock is a two-part, Large labels can' serve as folder labels, 5-up perforated strip-form, whose typing eliminating the necessity for separate provides labels and circulation control typing. It is cheaper to discard unwanted records. The upper layer consists of die- parts at this point than to specify for cut self-adhesive labels, one large and non-typing. two small. Typing on the large label Block iii contains a 7-digit access num- would be from the unit record (first only ber referring to the entire record repre- if more than one card) and would pro- sented on the catalog typing worksheet. duce a carbon copy typed onto the verso It appears on the catalog card in the of the circulation control card under- lower left corner. neath. Typing on the two small labels Block iv is reserved for cost data. Or- would print out the shelf number, one der numbers relating to acquisitions are copy of which becomes the spine label. filled in here, to provide a reference to No other layers lie under the small la- supply information: always seven digits. bels. Perforations run the width of the Block v is reserved for author main en- form and allow separation without cut- tries, quite often corporate. This block ting (Figure 3). is reference coded to pick up and type out the entire contents of this entry. Ti- tles as main entries appear in the foliow- ing block; searching Tor title main entries will be handled on an author AND/ OR title logic. Block vi will hold title entries; titles as main entries will be discernible by the empty space in block v. In picking up block vi for a heading card, only those letters in capital letters will be typed. Subtitles and article titles will not appear on HEADING cards; they will be con- tiguous with that part in caps during a block vi or Title search. Reference codes are not made to blocks Figure 3. Label Typing. vii and viii. Information appearing in these two blocks will be printed out as part of the unit card record, but is not separately searchable. Specific added en- operation ready for insertion into the tries may be made as roman numerals, files. Storage of the master tape is con- where provision exists to code each in- tinued in MT/ST cartridge form until dividually. approximately 40 are accumulated for Since all CWS records at this point transfer to computer tape. would contain both fixed and variable There are undoubtedly other methods length fields, and since the number of of card production which are quite fields could vary according to the num- workable, and whose cost features are at- ber of tracings used, there is a constant tractive. However, for the combination number of blocks (fields) each having of factors involving distance and person- onlv one reference code, followed bv a nel limitations, the use of catalog typing final block containing a variable number worksheets leading to the production of of reference codes. Blocks i through vi catalog cards is very workable. And these alwavs are referenced in the same order, worksheets provide us with the basis for and have one reference code each which expansion of research library services and includes the entire content of the block. capabilities. Block ix contains all tracings, both subject and added entries. The number of tracings varies considerably according Received for review Jun 22,1971. Manu- to the nature of the materials being en- script accepted for publication Mar 6, tered. As many reference codes to indi- 1972. Presented Jun 7,1971, at the Third vidual entries may be made as desired. It General Session, during SLA's 62nd An- is also possible t; include entries in this nual Conference in San Francisco. block which will be printed as part of the unit record. but which will not be reference coded or made into HEADING cards.

Final Preparation Following typing, the card stock must go through a separate process for cutting. Label stock comes directly to the library for immediate use. Worksheets are returned to be filed in access number or- Ann T. Brown is research librarian, The der. Cards are returned from the cutting Timken Company, Canton, Ohio. This Works For Us

Many Benefits from Centralized Library Services Thomas Morey

Xerox Corp., Rochester, New York 14603

THEBENEFITS of a small, but highly tion of the subscriptions charged to it at competent, centralized unit called Li- the bottom of the listing. brary Services (LS) are being demon- When a new book is received by LS, strated by ~erox'~or~oratio~'~ infor- the procedure is this (Figure 1): mation product activities. 1. Is the title cataloged? That is, is a Library Services ties together three duplicate already in the system? If yes, a company reference libraries located in new 5-digit accession number is assigned downtown Rochester, Webster, N-Y. and and stamped on the title page. An ex- Henrietta, N.Y., suburbs of Rochester. terior label containing the catalog num- Established in 1965. LS is res~onsible ber of Library of Congress classification for the acquisition and processing of all is added and an interior slip affixed to books, periodicals, internal and external the end paper. If circulation is contem- reports, and translations for not only the plated (i.e. a library copy), a card pocket libraries but also for all individuals in goes on, and the book is keypunched for the Rochester area and all information the circulation program. If the book is products branch and field locations not to be circulated, the book is key- throughout the country. It also serves corporate headquarters in Stamford, Conn. Benefits are numerous. The economies Figure 1. Flow Chart of All Books Received. of mass purchasing are significant when a single" check and order suffice for as many as 50 subscriptions to the same journal. The actual cost is prorated gmong the activities requisitioning the purchases rather than being borne by Library Services. ~achsubscription is keypunched as processed. Data elements include title, cost, subscriber, his location, budget center, and expiration date. The program is run on a Xerox Sigma 7 computer. It automatically sorts and prints in three formats: alphabetically by title, alphabetically by subscriber, and alphanu- merically by budget center. In the third printout each budget center is "page ejected." That is, each center is listed on separate pages with a total cost summa- punched for the departmental holdings A catalog card generator (Figure 2) program and delivered to the depart- automatically produces four similar li- ment that requisitioned it. brary catalog cards from keypunched 2. If a new book has not been cata- card input. One card goes to each of the loged, it is classified according to Library Xerox libraries, and the fourth remains of Congress and keypunched for the cata- in Library Services. log card program. The rest of the pro- This program currently handles books, cedure is the same as above. If the book internal reports, external reports, and is to become a library book, it is included translations. Data elements punched on in a current-awareness program, and no- the card include title, author, subject tice of its arrival is given in the next headings (called descriptors for reports monthly current awareness bulletin. and translations), special numbers, and added information. Data are entered by Since the inception of the program in a remote terminal (Figure 3), processed 1965 a Thesaurus of Descriptors has been in a Univac 1108 computer, and printed compiled and is constantly updated for on a Xerox Sigma 7. the indexing of internal and external reports. All reports are accessioned for filing and retrieval purposes and assigned descrip- Figure 3. Operator Places Keypunch Cards tors. They are then processed by subject, into Sigma 3 Terminal. authors (personal and corporate), accession number, special numbers and location. All of this information is keypunched and entered in the data base. Through the centralized function for all informational material a master file record is organized and keypunched. From this master file record an automated operation for producing catalog cards evolves. . . Figure 2. Catalog Cards Are Printed Out, Two Up, on Sigma 7 Printer. The printed cards come out alpha- Selective Dissemination of Information betically alranged, ready for filing. system (SDI), this tape will be updated The same keypunched card data that periodically as new data (reports, books, generate the library catalog cards are etc.) are cataloged. used to poduce the current awareness The SDI system will use the input for bulletin. This monthly program is itlen- the master tape. Specific interest profiles tified a\ the "permuted index system." in various logic arrays will be entered Permuted index evolved from the onto another tape and, as the master tape company's keyword-in-context progl am, is updated the profile tape will be run which was merely a rotation from end against the new input. All "matches" to end of a book or report title and the will be printed out and distributed to alphabetical listing of the key words in those on the SDI network. it. This entire automation package is In the system, the program assembles nearing programming completion for subject index keywords and author index conversion to a Computer Output Mi- terms and rearranges, or permutes, them crofilm (COM) system. A trial session in alphabetical order, with va~iousdata will be initiated to prove a faster turn- elements representing reports or books around time, better quality print for the indexed under the respective indices catalog cards and bulletin, plus an over- listed below each term (Figure 4). all economical program. The current awareness bulletin con- Since Library Services is a young unit, tains three sections. The pages are color its centralized procurement and process- coded according to category: books ing methods employ modern aids like (blue), internal reports (green), and ex- data processing. Such measures have ternal reports (pink). The internal re- proven both efficient and economical, ports are cross referenced according to and, as Library Services moves toward author on white sheets, and the external further substantial help in Xerox activi- I eports are CI oss referenced according to ties, it is reasonable to suggest that it originator index, also on white. will introduce even more sophisticated Under a proposed expansion, the key- innovations. punched input used to generate both catalog cards and current awareness bul- Received for review Jan 18,1972. Manu- letins will find a further use in an Infor- script accepted for publication Mar 23, mation Storage and Retrieval (IS&R) 1972. system. Peliodically the input will be Thomas J. Morey is manager, Systems and read onto a master magnetic tape. In Services for Libraries, Xerox Corporation, conjunction with another proposal, the Rochester, N.Y.

Figure 4. Portion of Sample Page from Current Awareness Bulletin.

or.. WIL. ,.,a- ID. cOlcm*Lc O* ,".SICS DT .IYSII. "ALYW. K"..*ll 196.. CZLLYLDY YO C(LLYI.Y KRIWArIISd LYIS I-III tm -.I. MWCS 0. ~s101.t."I)LUotNs. n.l~s.U~N.UMv. I*7IIu~ *."IS 1"-1 U11O1 I. I..I. .,.us 9 UI Y*Y. K. MCI*"IYI. *"sWI*llrClr'. In.. ,064.. .IUI-I".IWP*Y. I-,.. 1.7.. 1LLVL. LDIICD .I ItlW.0 V0L.C .*D %TI. DI*. S". ILLU.. I. MII.*. I. CPCIIW. I. POL.*. IIU.0, CD. I,. "W. wa~mmus, w.sn en.. a. to. 1. CLLLILOU. 1. .&.US. I".... tD. .r LIJ CYJ 001.1 .M P7.I 1.. Current Literature in Technical Processes A Selective Annotated Bibli~~graphy

George V. Hodowanec Drexel University, Graduate School of Library Science, Philadelpl~ia,Pa. 19104

THISANNOTATED BIBLIOGRA- I. TECHNICAL SERVICES PHY is an outgrowth of a course in tech- A. General nical processes offered at the Graduate 1. Adams, Charles J. / Statistical Chaos: Tech- School of Library Science, Drexel Uni- nical Services in Public Libraries. Library versity. The need for an up-to-date col- Journal 91: p.2278-2280 (May 1, 1966). lection of materials dealing with the vari- This survey of 29 libraries serving cities ous aspects of technical services prompted from 100,000 to 130,000 population presents the development of this list of readings. a broad spectrum of information on tech- To account for varying nomenclature nical services departments. Most libraries use Dewey, do their own processing, and and different organizational arrangement employ a combination of LC and Wilson of sections within the technical services cards. The personnel range was 1.5-14, division, certain articles are cross refer- total salary expenditures varied from $6,500 enced and listed in more than one place. to $60,000, total book budgets from $16,000 to $100,000, total annual cost of ordering, This bibliography, which is as current as cataloging and processing from $17,000 to the availability of resources in a given $60,000, average processing cost/book from aspect of technical processes permitted, is $0.25 to $5.00. Estimated time for getting by no means comprehensive but rather books to the public is 14-20 days. This sur- includes materials which are relevant to vey underscored the lack of adequate statistical records in many libraries. Attempts the topics covered in the course as well to analyze the data generated found no cor- as those which the students found useful relations of any strength. while working on their assignments. 2. Auld, Larry / Functional Organization Topics which are discussed in this course Plan for Technical Services. Library Re- are: sources and Technical Services 14: p.458- 462 (Summer 1970). Circulation department and various Auld is head of technical services at the charging systems in use; Oregon State University Library. In this Operation of the acquisition depart- article he proposes basing the organization ment; of technical services on function rather than Operation of the serials department; form of materials. There should not be separate divisions for handling serials, Cataloging department; audio-visual software, microforms, etc. be- - Management of binding, mending cause of duplications of time and effort and and repairing tasks; because this ignores the raison d'etre of a Cooperative acquisition projects; library-content. Technical services should be divided into four functional areas: se- Administration of technical proc- lection, purchasing and receiving, access to esses division. materials, and physical preparation of materials. The possible clash between profes- J. Thomas Vogel, a student and a grad- sionalism and function is considered, but uate assistant at the Graduate School of not resolved. Library Science, Drexel University, has 3. Dennis, Donald D. / Simplifying Work in assisted in the compilation of this bib- Small Public Libraries. Philadelphia, Drexel liography. Institute of Technology, 1965. The result of an 18-month study of the log; that over 3/q circulate arrearage books, routines followed in small public libraries, and that 3/5 of the libraries with arrear- this manual contains practical methods for ages expect the arrearages to increase. doing routine tasks in the most efficient manner. The appendix provides charts of 7. Randall, G. E. / Special Library Stand- cataloging and book preparation costs. ards, Statistics and Performance Evalua- tion. Special Libraries 56: p.379-386 (Jul- Lindgren, William F. / CSU Reorganizes Aug 1965). Technical Services. The Colorado Academic Randall is the librarian of the Watson Library 6: p.9-11 (Spring 1970). Research Library of IBM. He presents a When the cataloging backlog at the Colo- wide variety of statistics and comments on rado State University Libraries began to the operation of his own library and at- reach 50% of the year's acquisitions, a re- tempts to generalize from his own situation organization of technical services was under- to all similar libraries. He employs such taken. This resulted in the centralization of figures as circulation/user, circulation/ac- bibliographic searching in an Identification quisition, as well as the ratio of profes- Unit, eliminating overlap in searching; the sional/non-professional. He finds that pho- reorganization of the card catalog, giving tocopying figures are a good indicator of a the title section of the public catalog new library's relative strength. importance; and responsibility for the preparation of LC-NUC copy being given to a 8. Storm, Herman R. / Some Common Types new Preparations Unit. These changes have of Technical Services Departments: Stand- allowed catalogers to increase their output ard Features and Variations. Wisconsin Li- . of original cataloging by 42% in a one-year brary Bulletin 63: p.166-167 (May-Jun period. 1967). Storm discusses the composition of the Pirie, James W. / Junior College Library technical services division which he sees as Processing. Library Trends 14: p.166173 composed of three functional areas: order- (Oct 1965). ing, cataloging and classification, and physi- This article is based on a survey of 135 cal preparation. He feels that the ordering junior college libraries conducted by A. R. and classification functions must be closely Rowland in 1962/63. It reveals that most associated and he includes a flow chart in- junior college libraries are small in terms dicating the positions that are best for or- of collection and budget and have a small ganizing the tasks to be performed. staff-often only one librarian. The staff size determines the processing systems used B. Centralized Processing and makes absolute division of work into professional and non-professional tasks un- 9. Darling, Richard L. / Is Centralized Proc- feasible. Despite this, most libraries re- essing for You? Library Journal 91: p. ported doing their own cataloging, using 6153-6156 (Dec 15, 1966). Dewey Decimal classification, LC subject This article evaluates the case for cen- headings, and ALA filing rules. tralized processing. Its primary contribution is the examination of the efficacy of the fre- 6. Piternick, G. / University Library Arrear- quent, even weekly, placement of orders. ages. Library Resources and Technical Sent- The advantages cited include: fewer errors ices 13: p.102-114 (Winter 1969). by avoiding periodic overload in processing, This article reports the results of a sur- reduced idle time in non-peak periods, and vey of arrearages in 86 American and Ca- a reduction in long delays in ordering. nadian university libraries and is designed There is also a review of existing research to fill a serious gap in the literature. After and a bibliography. discussing recent factors-increased expenditures, shortage of trained personnel, etc.- 10. Greensboro (North Carolina) Public Schools which may have affected arrearages, the / Centralized Ordering, Cataloging, and questionnaire and its results are examined: Processing of Library Materials: An Out- 78% of the libraries surveyed reported ar- line. Greensboro, N.C., Greensboro Public rearages; arrearage items were usually se- Schools, April 1969. lectively deferred due to complexities they This bulletin outlines the procedures of presented for cataloging, i.e., an item which the technical processing center for the li- could be processed more rapidly was given braries of the public schools in Greensboro, higher priority. Great diversity emerged in North Carolina. Statistics are given that re- the handling of uncataloged books in re- late to the size of the school district and the gard to inclusion in the card catalog, ar- volume of work done by the processing rangement and physical storage, circulation center. Detailed description of the facili- and shelving. However, it was found that ties, equipment and staff are included, as about % of the libraries attempt to list are copies of forms used. No operational some or all arrearage books in their cata- costs are given. 11. Hendri~k;, Donald D. / Centralized Proc- 14-month study of the feasibility of estab- essing: A Dilectory ot Zc~itcrs Library Re- lishing a book proressing center to serve sources and Technical Services 14: p.355- the nine state-supported college and uni- 389 (Summer 1970). versity libraries of Colorado. It includes a Arranged by states and with addresses brief history of centralized processing, a given, this directory provides information profile of the participating libraries, opera- on non-commercial central processing cell- tional characteristics and a cost analysis of ters which sene two or more different technical services. Tables of summary data jurisdictions. It also indicates whether the are included in the text to support the find- center serves school or public libraries or a ings of each section, while more detailed combination of the two. data summaries and forms used in collecting and analyzing the data are located in 12. Holmes, Rose and Lively, Gladys / Com- the appendices. A scope list of standardized puter Processing for All Media in hfadison technical processing activities used in li- Schools. Wisconsin Library Bulletin 66: p. brary cost analysis is included. 319-324 (Sep-Oct 1970). 16. Whitenack, Carolyn I. / Technical Proc- This article discusses the central catalog- essing of Materials in the Instructional Ma- ing and processing center of the Madison, terials Center. Drexel Library Quarterly Wisconsin, public schools. Established in 5: p.170-173 (Jul 1969). 1953, it now serves 52 units, catalogs o\er a half million books and 4,000 audioxisual This article makes the following points: items. The center uses a computer for com- if technical processing is managed outside piling recommended purchasing lists, for the IMC, the librarian has more time to computer ordering, for budget control, and work with students and teachers: more for other records and reports. technicians and clerks must be used at the district and regional levels to spare pro- 13. Jones, Milbrey L. / Technical Services for fessional time from being wasted on cleri- School Libraries-Exploring New Methods. cal routines; technical processing must be The Bulletin of the National Association planned in units sufficiently large so that it of Secondary School Principals 50: p.52-58 will be economically feasible to have a pro- (Jan 1966). fessional supervisor with clerical personnel; Jones discusses the inordinate expendi- systems too small to operate a processing ture of the librarian's time in processing center should consider cooperating with even the simplest books and audiovisual other school districts or establishing cen- items. He cites the recommendations of the tral processing on the state level. American Association of School Librarians for central processing when the school sys- 11. ACQUISITIONS tem is composed of three or more schools. The use of commercial cataloging is dis- A. General cussed and the fact that little commercial cataloging of non-book materials is avail- 17. Byrd, C. K. / Subject Specialists in a Uni- able is stressed. ~ersityLibrary. College and Research Li- braries 27: p.191-193 (May 1966). 14. Kurtz, Helen G. / Centralized Processing- This article describes the duties of the Diversified. Library Journal 95: p.1807-1812 ten subject specialists at Indiana Univer- (May 15, 1970). sity whose creation was an attempt to meet The Processing Center of the Rhode Is- the needs of those academic departments land Department of State Library Services not well served by the existing library or- began with the concept of freeing librarians ganization. Better service was to be accom- for better service to the public. Service is plished through improved book selection, provided to both public and school li- better and more personalized service, and braries and the assignment of a code num- improved communication. While the addi- ber indicating the type of processing de- tion of these specialists to the library staff sired by each library permits variations in necessitated an increase in the budget, im- the treatment of books destined for the proved balance in the collection and com- various libraries. One of the problems en- munication with the faculty justify the ex- countered was the uneven flow of work due pense. to the fact that school book orders were placed twice yearly. 18. Danton, J. P. / Subject Specialists in Na- tional and University Libraries with Spe- 15. Leonard, Lawrence E., Maier, Joan M. and cial Reference to Book Selection. Libri li: Dougherty, Richard M. / Centralized Book p.42-58 (1 967). Processing: A Feasibility Study Based on This article examines book selection b! Co[orado Academic Libraries. Metuchen, subject specialists in large European univer- N.J., Scarecrow Press, 1969. sity libraries. The methods emplo)ed in This book summarizes the results of a these libraries are described, particularly as they involve the utilization of the skills titles, technical reports, trade catalogs, of scholarly subject spccialistr uho are also specifications and patents, conferences and trained librarians. Much of the article is symposia, maps, and microtexts. Also cov- given over to the comparison of American ered are interlibrary loan, standards, and and Continental practices in this field. The photocopying. author recommends that American libraries Lopez, Manuel D. / A Guide for Beginning adopt a comprehensive plan of book selec- Bibliographers. Library Resources and tion by library staff specialists to insure Technical Services 13: p.462-470 (Fall that important books in relevant fields are 1969). acquired, place authority where only responsibility presently exists, and make book This article describes the steps a bibliog- selection subject to library administrative rapher should take upon entering a new control and supervision. position: 1) become familiar with the collection, 2) consider local resources, 3) de- Dougherty, Richard M. and McKinney, termine philosophies and policies of various Abigail / Ten Years of Progress in Acqui- departments of the library, 4) evaluate the sitions, 1956-1966. Library Resources and collection, 5) learn the procedures and Technical Seruices 11: p.289-301 (Summer problems of the acquisitions department, 1967). 6) develop own sources of information, 7) The last ten years have brought changes review periodicals. The author states that in acquisitions work including federal aid the functions of the bibliographer include: to libraries, mass purchasing techniques, in- 1) book selection, 2) assisting other depart- ter-institutional cooperative acquisitions pro- ments in verifying bibliographic informa- grams and mechanization of ordering and tion or to locate addresses and resolve cata- related procedures. This article reviews loging problems, 3) introductory tours of these changes in some detail. For similar the library for new faculty and graduate treatment on an annual basis see: Library students, 4) preparing bibliographies for the Resources and Technical Seruices, "Acqui. faculty, 5) consulting with faculty and grad- sitions in 19XX." uate students in research projects, 6) eval- uating his own work. Haro, Robert P. / The Bibliographer in the Academic Library. Library Resources Maier, Joan / Analyzing Acquisitions and and Technical Services 13: p.163-169 Cataloging Costs. Library Resources and (Spring 1969). Technical Services 13: p.127-136 (Winter Haro states that the bibliographer should 1969). not be a part of the acquisitions or refer- See annotation #155. ence departments, but rather that he "should be directly responsible to an as- Mitchell, B. J. et al. / Junior College Ma- sistant director of libraries who is responsi- terials. Choice 6: p.28-33 (Mar 1969). ble for the development of the collection." "The purpose of this paper is to explain The duties of Haro's "bibliographer" in- why the selection of technical-vocational clude: 1) selection of library materials, 2) materials is difficult for the junior college dissemination of information concerning librarian and to suggest some approaches to the arrival and availability of materials, 3) solving the difficulties." This article suggests guiding the development of the collection that selection is made difficult by three fac- of the library, 4) preparation of annotated tors: the number (198) and variety of tech- bibliographies, 5) advanced reference serv- nical and vocational programs, the liberal ice, 6) instruction in library use. He feels arts orientation of junior college librarians, that the qualifications of such a bibliog- and the lack of selection guides. rapher are: 1) a master's degree in library Quinly, William J. / Selection, Processing, science, 2) a subject background attested and Storage of Non-Print Materials: Aids, to by an advanced degree, 3) proficiency in Indexes, and Guidelines. Library Trends one or more foreign languages, 4) knowl- 16: p.274-282 (Oct 1967). edge of the book trade. See annotation #163. Huff, William H. / The Acquistion of Se- rial Publications. Library Trends 18: p. Thompson, Lawrence / Acquisition of 294-315 (Jan 1970). Books and Pamphlets. Library Trends 18: See annotation #95. p.280-293 (Jan 1970). This article emphasizes research libraries Jackson, Isabel H., ed. / Acquisition of and discusses the ways and means of ac- Special Materials. San Francisco, Special quiring the approximately 25% of the li- Libraries Association, San Francisco Bay Re- brary collection which is not readily avail. gion Chapter, 1966. able from commercial sources, but is, nev- This book is a collection of articles on the ertheless, of considerable interest to some problems of and the sources for acquiring patrons. The areas covered include the in- government documents, serials, out-of-print tellectual qualifications for acquisitions librarians, probable gaps in collections, the successful cooperation between libraries and selection of foreign and domestic jobbers, the book trade in acquiring Latin American and the specialized demands of academic publications and cites as a further example users. of the services that can be rendered by foreign book traders the acquisition of se- 28. Treyz, Joseph H., Evans, Robert W., and lected foreign fiction. Richards, James H. / The OP Market. Choice 2: p.283-286 (Jul 1965). 34. Downs, Robert B. / Future Prospects of See annotation #55. Library Acquisitions. Library Trends 18: p.412-421 (Jan 1970). 29. Tuttle, Helen Welch / An Acquisitionist This article contains a history as well as Looks at Mr. Haro's Bibliographer. Library a description of cooperative library acquisi- Resources and Technical Services 13: p. tions programs in the United States, includ- 170-174 (Spring 1969). ing the Library of Congress global acquisi- Helen Tuttle feels that Haro's broaden- tions program, the Farmington Plan, PL ing of the concept of a bibliographer's 480, and the Latin American Cooperative duties serves to place that position beyond Acquisitions Program (LACAP). Downs the capabilities of a single individual and feels cooperative ventures have a good fu- is a distortion of the true function of the ture as a method for libraries to deal ef- bibliographer as well. She advocates a re- fectively with the "publications explosion." turn to the more traditional view-that the bibliographer does not exist to criticise 35. Dudly, Norman / The Blanket Order. Li- and evaluate the content of books, but to brary Trends 18: p.318-327 (Jan 1970). examine the physical format and details. This article reports the results of a sur- He should make his selection guided by the vey of the heads of the acquisitions depart- suggestions of the faculty and students. ments of 52 member libraries of the Asso- Therefore, his duties only consist of: 1) ciation of Research Libraries. It indicates seeking information that is complete enough that most research libraries have one or to avoid duplication of titles already in more blanket orders, usually in the social the collection, 2) enabling the agent to sciences and humanities, rather than in the identify and secure the title wanted, 3) ex- sciences. The advantages of blanket order- ercising the bibliographic control over the ing most frequently reported were the title while it is in the process of acquisition- prompt receipt of titles after publication ing and cataloging. and the even coverage of all subjects (as contrasted to the uneven coverage result- 30. Whetstone, Gloria / Serial Practices in Se- ing from faculty selection). The disadvan- lected College and University Libraries. tages reported included uncertainty as to a Library Resources and Technical Services specific title being received, an increased 5: p.284-290 (Fall 1961). number of duplicates, and more ephemeral See annotation #102. and marginal material. Nevertheless, those libraries who have blanket orders like them 31. Wulfekoetter, G. / Acquisition Work. Se- and none of the libraries queried intended attle, University of Washington Press, 1961. to cut back on them. In fact, most libraries See annotation #57. expressed a desire to increase such orders. 36. Morrison, Perry D. / A Symposium on Ap- B. Cooperative proval Order Plans and the Book Selection 32. Bishop, G. H. / Computers and Acquisi- Responsibilities of Librarians. Library Re- tions: The Experience of the Libraries at sources and Technical Services 12: p.133- the State University of New York at Bing- 139 (Spring 1968). With reactions by Leroy hamton. Library Resources and Technical C. Merritt, p.140-142; Joseph P. Browne, Services 14: p.407420 (Summer 1970). p.142-144; Stanley A. Shepard, p.144-145. See annotation #109. This article states that there is a trend in academic libraries toward delegating a 33. Coppola, Dominick / The International much larger role in book selection to li- Bookseller Looks at Acquisitions. Library brarians and with it an increasing reliance Resources and Technical Services 11: p. upon blanket approval orders. It makes the 203-206 (Spring 1967). case for approval plans and weighs the ad- Faced with a rapid expansion in collec- vantages and disadvantages of different tions, librarians should keep abreast of de- types of plans. In the discussion that fol- velopments in the booktrade. The author lows Dean Merritt agrees that a better job urges librarians to avail themselves of the of selection can be done with the book in services offered by the international dealer hand as opposed to a review in a magazine; for both domestic and foreign titles because Rev. Browne, addressing himself to ap- these dealers often possess bibliographic in- proval plans for libraries with small budg- formation not found elsewhere. He cites ets, suggests that limited approval plans that fit into the specific needs of the col- This article contends that approval plans lege involved can be useful, but warns that can be advantageous for adding the neces- unwanted books must be returned without sary basic books to a collection and at the fail; S. A. Shepard believes that some form same time can give librarians more time of a plan can be worthwhile to any acqui- for special selection. Since it is important sition program, if a library can fit it into to select the plan most suitable to the its budget. needs of a given library, seven different Rebuldela, Harriet K. / Some Administra- types of jobber and publisher approval tive Aspects of Blanket Ordering: A Re- plans are described. The author urges that sponse. Library Resources and Technical after using a plan librarians evaluate the Seruices 13: p.342-345 (Summer 1969). service that they have received and the In response to an article by Thom (see long-term effects it has had on collection development. While it is difficult to evalu- #38) Rebuldela contends that blanket ordering need not mean more costly rou- ate the cost of buying books in this manner tines. She distinguishes between "blanket as opposed to the cost of title by title se- ordering" and "approval plans": the for- lection, as each library evaluates its own mer, usually placed with a publisher, speci- plan and pools its experience with that of fies that everything a firm publishes be sup- others, the long-term effects of approval plied and does not include unquestioned plans on academic and research libraries return privileges; the latter is an agree- can be estimated. ment giving a dealer responsibility for sup- plying current books in special areas with Ill. SEARCH return privileges. The author suggests that 40. Coppola, Dominick / The International clerical procedures and searching can be Bookseller Looks at Acquisitions. Library simplified by printing simple bibliographic Resources and Technical Seruices 11: p. data to identify the item and then tem- 203-206 (Spring 1967). porarily filing them by title. If routines See annotation #33. involved in blanket ordering are too complicated, the library should consider switch- 41. Fristoe, A. J. / Bitter End; The Searching ing to an approval plan which supplies Process. Library Resources and Technical 3" x 5" forms with each book. Screening Services 10: p.91-95 (Winter 1966). books can be organized by general subject This article describes the statistical meth- classification and scheduled for weekly re- ods for minimizing the cost of searching by viewing by the faculty. finding the optimum number of tools to be Thom, Jan W. / Some Administrative As- searched and the optimum sequence of pects of Blanket Ordering. Library Re- searching, starting with the most productive sources and Technical Services 13: p.338- tool and ending with the least productive. 341 (Summer 1969). It advocates that the searching process be This article does not discuss the blanket designed for the "large bulk of uncompli- ordering of monographs, which has risen cated entries." Also included are the re- sharply in university libraries over the last sults of a study undertaken to determine decade, on its merits as opposed to title by the optimum searching depth and sequence title ordering, but instead focuses on its for current American imprints. It was found effect upon clerical routines. Initially it that a random bitter-end search of six tools finds that there is less work involved in cost $2,00O/year as opposed to one produc- using blanket orders. However, when the tive sequence searching three tools costing books arrive, clerical routines are increased. $500. Costs were calculated on the basis of an estimated 30 seconds/search with a wage Typing up a temporary slip for interim control from the original order form is not scale of $1.90/hour/searcher. possible when dealing with blanket orders 42. Heppell, Shirley G. / A Survey of OP Buy- because the books arrive by the truck load ing Practices. Library Resources and Tech- with no original order forms listing title or nical Services 10: p.28-30 (Winter 1966). any other bibliographic information. There- This article reports the results of a survey fore, this information must be garnered of 151 college libraries in the United States from the book itself. It may be possible to regarding their ou t-of-print buying prac- sacrifice interim control and have no rec- tices. Of the 92 questionnaires returned, it ord of the book until it appears on the was found that 75% of the desired titles shelf. Another suggestion is to hire more were in the social sciences and literature. clerical help. The author contends that it The sciences and fine arts were listed as the may well prove more costly to acquire next most crucial areas for wanted titles. books by blanket ordering. The article concludes that at least 50% of 39. Wilden-Hart, Marion / The LongTerm the libraries assigned a relatively low pri- Effects of Approval Plans. Library Re- ority to OP buying and that many librar- sources and Technical Services 14: p.400- ians lacked knowledge of common prac- 406 (Summer 1970). tices which could enrich their holdings. MAY/ JUNE 1972 Lazorick, G. J. and Minder, T. L. / A University of California at Berkeley, whose Least-Cost Searching Sequence. College and desiderata file usually contains 30,000 items. Research Libraries 25: p.126-128 (Mar It also discusses the methods of choosing 1964). dealers, of rotating lists among dealers so This article is a study of the procedures that a given item usually is sent to a new of the acquisition department of the Penn- dealer every six months, and of reviewing sylvania State University Libraries. It indi- files continuously so that every item is re- cates that an order had a high in-process examined every eighteen months. The ar- time and that the "bottleneck" was in the ticle includes comparable statistics of re- searching procedure. The method devised to sults produced by the current and previous solve this problem involved the implemen- methods. tation of an optimum searching sequence Treyz, Joseph Evans, Robert W., and based on an "adequate information" phi- H., losophy. An optimum sequence for Eng- Richards, James H. / The OP Market. Choice 2: p.283-286 (Jul 1965). lish language monographs is included, but the author cautions that his findings (times, See annotation #55. percentages) cannot be considered conclu- sive due to the inadequacy of the sample. IV. ORDERING Lowy, G. / A Searcher's Manual. Metuchen, N.J., Shoestring Press, 1965. Hensel, E. and Veillette, P. / Purchasing This is a manual of searching procedures, Library Materials. Chicago, ALA, 1969. based on the practices of the searching This book reviews the bidding and buy- units of Columbia Universitv Librarv and ing practices of three public and three of 25 large university libraries surveyed by school libraries. It suggests how to find a the author. It contains summary charts of good jobber and how to work efficiently various procedures, sample order forms and with him once you have found him. work sheets, and lists of bibliographic Jackson, Isabel ed. Acquisition of sources, including their coverage and ab- H., / breviations. Also discussed are alternative Special Materials. San Francisco, Special Li- braries Association, San ~rancisco-Bay Re- methods of maintaining outstanding order gion Chapter, 1966. and in-process files. See annotation #22. 45. Reichmann, F. / Purchase of Out-of-Print Material in American University Libraries. Paige, Nancy / Goals for Service. Library Library Trends 18: p.328-353 (Jan 1970). Journal 90: p.937-941 (Feb 15, 1965). This article includes a survey of the lit- This article reports the results of a survey erature and interviews with representative of book ordering by school libraries. It dis- librarians, book collectors, and book dealers cusses the advantages of installment order- in regard to searching procedures, pur- ing (breaking up large orders), ordering by chasing practices, the administration of district or school and state contract. It con- searching, and the maintenance and review cludes that time of year, size and place- of desiderata files. It also includes discus- ment of order are important factors in sion of second-hand catalogs, auctions, ad- prompt delivery and percentage of books vertisements, book scouts, U.S. Book Ex- delivered. change, reprints and microreproductions, and percentages of book budgets devoted to 52. Paige, Nancy / Is It Habit or Law? Cutting OP materials. The history of antiquarian the Red Tape of Library Book Buying. book trade is sketched and a six page classi- Library Journal 89: p.909-913 (Feb 15, fied bibliography is appended. 1964). This article states that high discount can 46. Searching. Hawaii Library Association Jour- often mean poor service, leading the author nal 24: (Dec 1967). to ask for the elimination of the low bid re- This special issue is devoted to searching quirement for purchases of books. It is more because the editors believed that the sub- important that the school district take cog- ject had been neglected in the literature. nizance of the quality of the service pro- The articles describe the detailed search- vided by the jobber than his discount. This ing procedures of four American universi- article reports on an on-going School Li- ties: Duke, Drexel, North Carolina, and brary Journal survey and suggests how to Pennsylvania State. improve speed and efficiency in the delivery of book orders. 47. Smith, Eldred / Out-of-Print Booksearch- ing. College and Research Libraries 29: p. 53. Smith, Katherine R. / Serials Agents/Se- 303-309 (Jul 1968). rials Librarians. Library Resources and This article describes the procedures of Technical Services 14: p.5-18 (Winter 1970). the search division of the library of the See annotation #loo. 2 54 Thompson, Lawrence / Acquisition of 61. Hicks, Warren B. and Tillin, Alma M. / Books and Pamphlets. Library Trends 18: Developing Multi-hledia Libraries. New p.280-293 (Jan 1970). York, Bowker, 1950. See annotation #27. See annotation #160. Treyz, Joseph H. et al. / The OP Market. 62. Maier, Joan / Analyzing Acquisitions and Choice 2: p.283-286 (Jul,1965). Cataloging Costs. Library Resources and Three academic librarians briefly discuss Technical Services 13: p.127-136 (Winter procedures, dealers, advertising, exchanges, 1969). gifts, searching, reprography, and various See annotation #155. approaches to the acquisition of OP materials against a background of their own 63. North Carolina State Department of Pub- experiences. lic Instruction / Organizing Audiovisual Materials in the School Media Collection. Whetstone, Gloria / Serial Practices in Se- Raleigh, Department of Public Instruction, lected Colleges and University Libraries. February 1970. Library Resources and Technical Services 5: p.284-290 (Fall 1961). See annotation #162. See annotation #102. 64. Piercy, Esther J. / Commonsense Catalog- Wulfekoetter, G. / Acquisition Work. Se- ing. New York, Wilson, 1965. attle, University of Washington Press, 1961. This is a manual for the organization of Among the chapters of interest in this books and other materials in school and work are Chapter 5, "Order Work," which small public libraries. This well-illustrated describes in detail standard procedures for work covers the establishment of cataloging the verification of titles, checking for pub- procedures and preliminaries as well as di- lication status, and finding sources of supply rections for typing catalog cards. for both trade and non-trade books, and 65. Riddle, Jean et al. / Non-Rook Materials: Chapter 9, "Serials, Binding and Other Ac- The Organization of Integrated Collec- quisitions Work," which describes methods tions. Ottawa, Canadian Library Associa- for the acquisition of serials, including the tion, 1970. completion of sets. See annotation #164.

V. CATALOGING 66. Rosenthal, Joseph / Non-Professionals and Cataloeine: A Survev of Five Libraries. A. General ~ibra6Resources aid Technical Services 13: p.321-331 (Summer 1969). 58. Dolby, J. L. and Forsyth, V. J. / An Analy- sis of Cost Factors in Maintaining and Up- This study finds that non-professionals dating Card Catalogs. Journal of Library are performing effectively in cataloging and Automation 2: p.218-241 (Dec 1969). related operations in five university libraries and points out the advantages and disad- While indicating the problems that arise vantages of making wider use of such per- in studying comparative costs, this study sonnel in the area of technical services. The attempts to compare the costs of manual data were gathered through a questionnaire and computerized catalogs. Automated and follow-up interviews. Among the ques- methods seem to have a cost advantage for tions raised were: is a distinction made in full entries, but costs do not seem to vary your library between professionals and substantially for short entries. The data non-professionals; what cataloging activities are tabulated and presented in tables. are assigned to non-professionals; what are 59. Elrod, J. McRee / The Staffing of Techni- the personnel dassification levels of non- cal Processes. Library Journal 91: p.2275- professionals; what are the characteristics 2277 (May 1, 1966). of the non-professionals actually employed; See annotation #13O. do professional and non-professional job conditions and benefits differ; what are the 60. Guha, M. / Helpful Cataloging. Assistant statistics for cataloging output; is the per- Librarian 62: p.64-65 (May 1969). formance of non-professionals satisfactory? This article prescribes three functions to a catalog card: to show the location of a 67. Taylor, D. / Classification Trends in Jun- document within the library, to character- ior College Libraries. College and Research ize the document and identify it precisely, Libraries 29: p.351-356 (Sep 1968). and to indicate if the document will be This article reports the results of a 1968 useful. The author maintains that tradi- survey of the classification schemes used in tional cataloging obscures these functions 690 American junior colleges. Although the for the public library patron. Therefore, majority of junior colleges still use Dewey he advocates a "mini-annotation" designed classification, the trend seems to be increas- to assist the patron. ingly in the direction of the LC system. In

MAY/ JUNE 1972 spite of his support for LC classification, Frary, Mildred P. / Commercial Cataloging the author is amazed by the number of jun- and Processing in the Los Angeles Schools. ior colleges that have initiated costly re- School Libraries 15: p.11-15 (Jan 1966). classification within a few years of found- This article describes the experiences of ing. Although this is an obvious embarrass- Los Angeles schools in moving from cen- ment to the profession, the author argues tral processing to commercial cataloging. that the LC system is less costly and cer- Since commercial firms offering professional tainly should be used by all new junior technical processing services answer the de- colleges. He recommends that a junior col- mand for immediate access to materials by lege without a large staff to order and students and teachers, Los Angeles con- process books should turn to commercial tracted with a company whose cataloging processing or to cooperative processing. standards matched their own and which Waller, Salvador / Thoughts on Cataloging cataloged all titles. Miss Frary states that in and Classification in a Small Medical Li- her experience it takes at least three years brary. Bulletin of the Medical Library As- of working with a company to develop a soczation 58: p.51-57 (Jan 1970). smooth operation; therefore, yearly bidding This article grapples with the dual prob- should be discouraged if at all possible. In lems of a small budget and specialized accepting commercial work, librarians may needs of a small medical library in the areas find that "it is to their advantage to give of cataloging, classification, and reprog- up some long-standing items of processing raphy. It suggests reducing added entries or cataloging in favor of speed and lower and using simple descriptive information, costs." simple Dewey numbers, and, if the library Tones, Milbrey L. / Technical Services for produces its own cards, an inexpensive hand School ~ibraries-~x~lorin~New Methods. stencil. Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals 306: p.52-58 Westhuis, Judith L. and DeYoung, Julia (Jan 1966). M. / Cataloging Manual for Nonbook Ma- terials in Learning Centers and School Li- See annotation #IS. braries. Ann Arbor, Michigan Association 75. Welsh, William J. / Report on Library of of School Librarians, 1966. Congress Plans for Cataloging-in-Publica- See annotation #165. tion. Library Resources and Technical Services 15: p.23-27 (Winter 1971). B. Pre-Cataloging This is a report of Library of Congress Badten, Jean and Motomatsu, Nancy / plans for a new study of cataloging-in-pub- Your School Library Considered. The Zn- lication. The author, director of the proc- structor: p.120-122 (Nov 1967). essing department of the Library of Con- gress, expresses great enthusiasm and high This article discusses commercial proc- hopes for a pilot project scheduled to be- essing firms and the services they offer. It gin in 1971. He also deals with the pos- attempts to give precise costs of these serv- sible uses of CIP, the use of MARC tapes ices for districts which might wish to infor "advance" editions of CIP, and the vestigate the prospects of such venture. a eventual use of computer print-outs. In addition, it provides a series of questions which schools may wish to ask themselves 76. Westby, Barbara M. / Commercial Process- before they decide to opt for commercial ing Firms: A Directory. Library Resources processing. and Technical Services 13: p.209-286 (Spring 1969). Can You Save Money on Book Processing? This directory lists all the commercial School Management 14: p.20 (Apr 1970). companies, jobbers, and publishers who, as This article gives a breakdown of costs for of 1969, were providing card service and/or individual processing as compared to com- physical processing in the United States and mercial processing for school libraries. It Canada. It includes a short article high- concludes that hidden costs are eliminated lighting the problems of commercial proc- by commercial processing so that a library essing-that the quality and quantity of knows exactly what is being purchased at the cataloging vary as does the complete- what price. ness of the processing-and offers guide- 72. Clapp, Verner W. / CIP in Mid-1970. Li- lines to those vagaries. The reasons for dis- brary Resources and Technical Services continuing such services by some libraries 15: p.12-23 (Winter 1971). are cited: slow service, high cost, paucity of A review of the near-success of the titles for which service is available, and the 1958/59 experiment with cataloging-in- need to make changes on the catalog cards. source is included in this report of a recent survey of 191 libraries. It covers some 18 C. LC Cataloging categories concerning attitudes toward pre- 77. Dillenberger, John / Traditional Library publication cataloging. Functions and the Economic Factor. Theo- SPECIALLIBRARIES logical Education 6: p.70-78 (Autumn Polaroid camera. The photograph was 1969). taken, trimmed, mounted and Xeroxed to This article advocates the adoption of the produce the final catalog card. The author Library of Congress classification svstrm believes that this proved to be a good and the use of LC catalog cards without method for the large number of books han- revision in all U.S. theological libraries as dled. An assessment of comparative costs is a means of reducing cataloging costs. A se- also included. quential system of book numbering and 83. Donahugh, Robert H. / Of Vista Wax and placement on shelves will prove economic Drums; Duplication with the Xerox 914. and efficient. The thrust of the article is Ohio Library Association Bulletin 35: p. in its suggestions for meeting the rising 3-4 (Apr 1965). costs of library operations. This article describes the process of the 78. Richmond, Phyllis A. / Commentary on Youngstown Public Library for the direct Three Topics of Current Concern. Library reproduction of LC cards or proof slips, Resources and Technical Seruices 11: p. six-up. It also describes the outcome of a 460-467 (Fall 1967). preliminary test of the 914 vs. an Addresso- The three main concerns are: 1) the graph system. It gives costs of the opera- adaptation of LC cards, 2) professional cat- tion, including the hidden costs in using alogers and clerical work, 3) user's jargon the Xerox 914. as catalog entry points. Also included is a 84. Edelen, Joseph R., Jr. and Hack, Freder- Row chart for the adaptation of a Library ick / A Different Approach to Catalog of Congress catalog card by computer. Card Acquisitions-And It's Working1 79. Scilken, Marvin / Background to Frontlog. South Dakota Library Bulletin 55: p.237- Library Journal 94: p.3014-3015 (Sep 15, 242 (Oct 1969). 1969). A catalog card reproduction center that See annotation #92. was organized to serve the University of South Dakota Libraries is described. In 80. Waters, S. T. and Constabile, S. L. / Proof order to obtain faster and more inclusive of the Pudding: Using LC Proof Slips. service than that offered by Library of College and Research Libraries 28: p.87-91 Congress, LC proof slips are duplicated (Mar 1967). with a Xerox 720. Also discussed are search- This article describes the uses of LC ing operations, duplicating problems, the proof slips: as aids in bibliographic veri- size of staff and their responsibilities, and fication, in the book and LC card ordering time schedules. processes, in card production, and in selec- 85. Johnson, Donald W. and Benedict, Joel A. / tion. The article includes a model technical The Bibliographer's Camera at Arizona services system in which proof slips are State University Library. Library Resources used throughout, from selection to prepara- and Technical Services 14: p.434-448 (Sum- tion of an accessions list. mer 1970). An economical and ingenious method for D. Card Preparation Xeroxing from the National Union Catalog 81. American Library Association / Catalog is described in detail. The author states that Card Reproduction. Chicago, ALA, 1965. approximately 250 prints per day can be processed with the aid of an on-campus de- This extensive report on card catalog re- veloping service. The total cost is $0.20 per production lists the various types of ma- usable positive print. This system is com- chines, their use, operations, costs, and pared with the CU 5 Polaroid system de- problems. The full-size stencil duplicator is veloped at Indiana University. recommended for smaller operations, even though it is more costly than the postcard 86. Treyz, Joseph / Equipment and Methods size. Its construction is better, it operates in Catalog Card Reproduction. Library Re- at a higher speed, and it will not become sources and Technical Services 8: p.267- obsolete with an increase in the quantity of 278 (Summer 1964). materials to be processed. This article includes a comparative exam- 82. Bryan, H. and Slight, 0. E. / Cataloging ination of the use of typewriters, stencil Drive Using the Polaroid CU 5 Close-Up duplicators, offset or multilith equipment, Camera. Australian Library Journal 17: and Xerox. It examines specific brands and p.311-321 (Oct 1968). describes their operation and prices. Of special interest are recommendations concern- This is an account of a crash effort to ing the applicability of types of equipment catalog 28,000 books in the University of for different sizes of library units. Sydney library by photographing the Na- tional Union Catalog and Library of Con- 87. Waller, Salvador / Thoughts on Cataloging gress book form catalog entries with a and Classification in a Small Medical Li- brary. Bulletin of the Medical Library As- computer-controlled periodicals system in sociation 58: p.51-57 (Jan 1970). an American public library. The recent See annotation #68. publication of a computer-produced three volume book catalog is its major achieve- E. Binding ment; the first volume lists the library's 88. Ratcliffe, F. W. / Manchester University periodicals by title, the second arranges the Library Bindery: A Study of Library Effi- periodicals under 1,430 cross-referenced sub- ciency and management. Libri 20: p.77-88 ject headings, and the third depicts mate- (1970). rials printed wholly, or in part, in a foreign language. This article describes the advantages of the bindery operation of the Manchester 94. Clasquin, Frank F. / Procurement of Peri- University Library: no book is out of cir- odicals on an Annual Bid Basis. Sci-Tech culation for more than one day; small re- News (SLA) 19: p.10-12 (Spring 1965). pair work which would ordinarily be done This article deals with the problems in- outside the library is done quickly inside; herent in the bid process. If the only func- and the improved library service has led to tion of the subscription agency awarded better public relations. the contract is that of placing the order 89. Whetstone, Gloria / Serial Practices in Se- with each publisher for the period con- lected College and University Libraries. tracted and paying the publisher at the Library Resources and Technical Services rate known at the time of the bid, then the 5: p.284-290 (Fall 1961). annual competitive bid will accomplish its purpose. However, publishers' policies See annotation #102. change and prices change. Extra costs to 90. Wulfekoetter, G. / Acquisition Work. Se- the library will be the annual listing of the attle, University oi washington Press, 1961. library's titles for the bid invitation. The See annotation #57. cost of services offered by a responsible agency acquainted with the library's problems, requirements, demands and expecta- VI. CIRCULATION tions cannot usually be purchased by the American Library Association and the lowest bid. Long term offers should be Council on Library Resources / Study of taken advantage of. If the agency handles Circulation Control Systems. LTP Publica- a library's list of periodicals on an effi- tion #I. Chicago, ALA, 1961. cient continuing basis only additions and This comprehensive report on circula- deletions need be supplied annually. Em- tion systems gives performance statistics phasis is placed on the necessity that the for the various systems and provides criteria librarian be permitted to evaluate the sub- for deciding on the system most appropri- scription agency instead of just awarding a ate for a given library situation. contract to the lowest bidder. Scilken, Marvin / Background to Frontlog. 95. Huff, William H. / The Acquisition of Se- Library Journal 94: p.3014-3015 (Sep 15, rial Publications. Library Trends 18: p. 1969). 294-315 (Jan 1970). Scilken, library director of the Orange A questionnaire to which 49 libraries of (N.J.) Public Library, describes, in a light- the Association of Research Libraries re- hearted fashion, how he combats the delay sponded is the basis of this article on prob- in getting books to the shelves while wait- lems in the acquisition of serial publica- ing for LC printed cards. He provides tem- tions. It covers such topics as costs, organi- porary cataloging consisting of an identifi- zation of serials acquisitions, poliries, se- cation number for the book and shelves it lection, forms and equipment, backfiles and in the new book section ready for circula- reprints, agents and services, standing or- tion. The system has been so successful that ders, blanket orders, gift and exchange he has found books circulating more with programs, and foreign serials. The devel- their special position and temporary cata- opment of the National Serials Data Pro- loging than after full classification and gram and a MARC format for serials are normal shelving. also discussed. 96. Lebowitz, Abraham I. / The AEC Library VII. SERIALS Serial Record: A Study in Library Mech- 93. Belch, David E. / The Computer-Con- anization. Special Libraries 58: p.154-159 trolled Periodicals System at the San Fran- (Mar 1967). cisco Public Library. Library Resources This article examines the role of the and Technical Services 13: p.531-532 (Fall systems librarian in the mechanization of 1969). the library's functions. It indicates that he This article describes the development of must consider the library's requirements what is claimed to be the first completely and its human, mechanical, and financial 258 resources. After indicating the reasons for 100. Smith, Katherine R. / Serials Agents/Se- the selection of the serials collection for rials Librarians. Library Kerources and mechanization, the outputs of the system Technical Services 14: p.5-18 (Winter are classified and discussed under four cate- 1970). gories: tools for the reference staff, tools This article contends that even though related to the procurement of journals, serials agents now attach service charges tools for other internal processing, and rather than give discounts, the cost is still tools related to the checking and claiming of small in comparison with that of maintain- individual issues. Other systems considera- ing a library staff to replace the agent. tions-problems, shortcomings, and revi- However, an agent must still be chosen sions-based on the AEC experience are with care with due regard to 1) the kind of indicated. service the library needs and 2) possible in- accuracy in the representations made by McGrath, William E. and Kolbe, Helen / the agent. This holds true for both the ini- A Simple, Mechanized, Non-Computerized tial selection of an agent or the reevaluation System for Serials Control in Small Aca- of an existing relationship. Two possible demic Libraries. Library Resources and complications must be kept in mind: 1) Technical Services 10: p.372-381 (Summer indirect contact with the agent through 1966). the institution's general purchasing agent This article describes the steps involved and 2) putting the subscription list up for in setting up a simple mechanized system bids, especially annual bidding. Maintain- for listing periodicals and for encoding ing the relationship with the agent, once many of their characteristics. The emphasis established, a completeness of records is lies in the fact that computers are not nec- essential and to correspond with the agent essary to initiate serials automation. With in a business, rather than a literary, style the use of a keypunch, an accounting ma- is recommended. "Librarians . . . should chine or "card lister" and a card sorter, take the professional responsibility of at- serviceable lists with a wide variety of in- tempting to discover the parameters of information and flexibility can be produced. teraction between their routines and those "If desired, the system described could proof agents and publishers." vide the basis, with little change, for later computerization." Among the problems 101. Szigethy, Marion C. / Mechanized Serials discussed are fields (codes and categories). Handling System. Special Libraries 60: p. the printed lists, and cost analyses. 601405 (Nov 1969). This article discusses the mechanization Reitz, Conrad / Organizing the Acquisition of the library of Radio Free Europe. Rather of Serials for Greater Efficiency. Ontario than waiting for a total systems effort, a pi- Library Review 51: p.158-161 (Sep 1967). lot project involving serials was initiated This article discusses how a library to bring together existing resources-the should be divided by operation; the order people, the processes, and the EDP equip- department should do the ordering of all ment already available in-house. The meth- materials, etc. Reitz states that the librarian ods employed, the preparation of input, should constantly study and reevaluate his equipment, and cost are all described. The procedures and records, drawing flow net result is a mechanized system based on charts when needed. The bibliographic the previous manual one and compatible searching unit should be responsible for with a future conversion to computer op- all searching-serials, monographs, gifts, and erations. Also included are samples of a government publications. The library coding sheet, legend, and a sample page of should have just one file of holdings, not the basic output. several scattered in various departments; it should "have clearly stated objectives and 102. Whetstone, Gloria / Serial Practices in Se- arranged records and procedures" to make lected College and University Libraries. Li- all information readily accessible. brary Resources and Technical Services 5: p.284-290 (Fall 1961). Scors, T. et al., comps. / Periodical Price This article discusses the procedures of Index by Categories and Selected Years serials departments of selected universities 1957/59 and 1965 to 1969. Bowker Annual based on a questionnaire sent to institutions Book Trade Statistics, N.Y., 1970. with holdings of 4,0004,000 periodicals. Of This table was compiled by T. Scors, H. the universities studied, one serials depart- Tuttle and A. Sebker for the Library Ma- ment did all of the ordering and acquiring terials Price Index Committee, RTSD Ac- of serials, two had the order department quisitions Section, American Library Asso- do it, and in three both departments did ciation. Data for each year are published in some. Fifteen universities cataloged the se- the July issue of Library Journal, giving rials and twelve libraries classified all peri- average prices and indexes for the time pe- odicals. In some of the libraries the serials riod covered. department was in charge of the binding of serials only, some took care of the binding after the failure of initial attempts at of books and serials, and in some the bind- automation. The proposed improvement of ery department took care of it all. As for the lib~aryprogram has as its bases: 1) re- the servicing of periotlicals and serials- organization of the public catalog and some was done by the subject department, elimination of all typing on its card sets some by public service divisions, some by ant1 2) a computer-assisted budget control the reference division, and some by the program for acquisitions. A specially de- circulation division. signed cost study provided a detailed analy- 103. Wilkinson, W. A. / A System for Machine- sis of average unit costs per volume for Assisted Serials Control. Special Libraries processing-and an analysis of functions of 58: p.149-153 (Mar 1967). professionals, sub-professionals, clerical employees and student assistants. The author This article traces the history of serials proposes greater application of the unit mechanization at Monsanto. When a new cost study approach to technical services system became necessary, a system study operations. was made that reached two basic conclusions: " 1) significant improvements could 108. Belch, David E. / The Computer-Con- be made by combining all of our serials trolled Periodicals System at the San Fran- records into a single punched card file, cisco Public Library. Library Resources which would be the source of several out- and Technical Seruices 13: p.531-532 (Fall puts; 2) our level of activity and the re- 1969). quired outputs did not require elaborate See annotation #93. computer programs: in fact, all processing could be done on unit record equipment.'' 109. Bishop, Gwynneth H. / Computers and Ac- The system design is described as is the quisitions: The Experience of the Libraries implementation of the system. It is antici- at the State University of New York at pated that conversion to a computer system Binghamton. Library Resources and Tech- will become necessary in the future. There- nical Services 14: p.407420 (Summer 1970). fore, the present system has been estab- This article describes a system that was lished with that probable future firmly in converted from manual to mechanized op- mind. eration in 1965, using a 407 IBM unit rec- 104. Williams, Gordon / Library Cost Models: ord device; in 1968 to a fully computerized Owning us. Borrowing Serial Publications. system: in 1969 from a disc operating system Bethesda, Maryland, Westat Research, using a 360/40 to a 360 operating system. 1968. The last has been operating for a year and This article examines the cost of provid- is described in detail here, including the ing access to serial literature in four uni- process from purchase request to shelving versity research libraries. It provides mathe- the book, distribution cards, updating or matical models for libraries to use to de- changing an order record, claiming, partial termine at what level of use it becomes receipts, and cancellations. The chief ad- less expensive for a library to acquire a vantages of the computer system are said photocopy of an article from a journal to be automatic claims and the printing from another library when needed, rather of a regular fund report. than subscribing to and maintaining copies 110. Byrn, James H. / Automation in Univer- locally. The author maintains that unless sity Libraries-The State of the Art. Li- a title is used more than six times per brary Resources and Technical Services 13: year, it is less expensive for the library to p.520-528 (Fall 1969). make photocopies of articles from other sources when it is requested. This survey, based upon questionnaires received from 95 libraries, reveals that auto- 105. Wulfekoetter, G. / Acquisition Work. Se- mation accomplishments in university li- attle, University of Washington Press, 1961. braries are minimal. In practice, automa- See annotation #57. tion has not proved to be the panacea that was promised. Of the 95 libraries surveyed, VIII. MECHANIZATION 59 were automated, 31% in the area of acquisitions. The conclusions drawn in this 106. American Library Association / Catalog article include: 1) little major progress has Card Reproduction. Chicago, ALA, 1965. been made in antomation except in tech- See annotation #81. nical processing, 2) attitudes toward MARC are not enthusiastic, 3) info~mation rc- 107. Axford, H. William / An Approach to trieval is not very advanced, 4) problems Performance Budgeting at the Florida At- are exacerbated by the lack of skilled per- lantic University Library. College and Re- sonnel, funds, and suitable facilities. search Libraries 32: p.87-104 (Mar 1971). This article discusses the reorganization Ill. Dolby, J. L. and Forsyth, V. J. / An Analy- of the Florida Atlantic University library sis of Cost Factors in Maintaining and Up- dating Card Catalogs. Journal of Library McCusker, Mary Girolama / Implications Automation 2: p.218-241 (Dec 1969). of Automation for School Libraries. School See annotation #58. Libraries 17: p.23-27 (Fall 1967). This article emphasizes library automa- Edelen, Joseph R., Jr. and Hack, Freder- tion and points out the need for the thor- ick / A Different Approach to Catalog ough study of library programs to isolate Card Acquisitions-and It's Working! South non-professional from professional jobs and Dakota Library Bulletin 55: p.237-242 (Oct to employ systems analysis to determine 1969). the effective use of personnel. Among the See annotation #84. topics discussed are programs appraisal, new Library of Congress services, and sys- Holmes, Rose and Lively. Gladys / Com- tems analysis. Some of the problems caused puter Processing for All Media. Wisconsin by lack of standardization which presents Library Bullelin 66: p.319-324 (Sep-Oct difficulty in compatibility for automation 1970). are noted. See annotation #12. McGrath, William E. and Kolbe, Helen / A Simple, Mechanized, Non-Computerized Huff, William H. / The Acquisition of Se- System for Serials Control in Small Aca- rial Publications. Library Trends 18: p. demic Libraries. Library Resources and 294-315 (Jan 1970). Technical Services 10: p.372-381 (Summer See annotation #95. 1966). See annotation #97. Jackson, Eugene B. / The Use of Data Processing Equipment by Libraries and Richmond, Phyllis A. / Commentary on Information Centers-The Significant Re- Three Topics of Current Concern. Library sults of the SLA-LTP Surrey. Special Li- Resources and Technical Services 11: p. braries 58: p.317-324 (May-Jun 1967). 460467 (Fall 1967). This article reports the results of the See annotation #78. SLA-ALA/LTP survey of library mechanization. The survey covered the mechaniza- Szigethy, Marion C. / Mechanized Serials tion of the following library functions: ac- Handling System. Special Libraries 60: p. counting, acquisition, serials control, circu- 601-605 (Nov 1969). lation control, catalog card production, book See annotation #101. catalog production, accessions lists and announcement bulletins, KWIC, retrospective Treyz, Joseph / Equipment and Methods searches, current awareness service, union in Catalog Card Reproduction. Library Re- lists, microform materials, and interlibrary sources and Technical Services 8: p.267- communications. Among the findings were: 278 (Summer 1964). 75y0 of the libraries using data processing See annotation #86. equipment are academic or special libraries; 90% of the libraries with authorized plans Weiss, Rudi / The State of Automation: A for automation are academic or special li- Survey of Machinery Used in Technical braries; any mechanization system for wide- Services Departments in New York State spread utilization must accommodate more Libraries. Library Resources and Technical than 50,000 books and more than 1,000 pe- Services 9: p.289-302 (Summer 1965). riodical titles; the most common current This article reports the results of a ques- use of unit record equipment is for serials tionnaire on the kinds of machines used in control; a majority of functions are run on selected school, public, and college lihrar- equipment under the control of the higher ies in New York State. The data are sum- authority to which the library reports. Also marized in four tables and the question- of significance was the ranking of the func- naire and guidelines employed are located tions by frequency of mention. in the appendix. It concludes that more information on machines and their uses 116. Johnson, Donald W. / The Bibliographer's should be made available to librarians Camera at Arizona State University Library. through some system of information shar- Library Resources and Technical Services ing, possibly directed by the Library Tech- 14: p.434-448 (Summer 1970). nology Project of the ALA. This might help See annotation #85. librarians to make proper choices of equipment for their peculiar needs. 117. Lebowitz, Abraham I. / The AEC Library Serial Record: A Study in Library Mech- Wilkinson, W. A. / A System for Machine- anization. Special Libraries 58: p.154-159 Assisted Serials Control. Special Libraries (Mar 1967). 58: p.149-153 (Mar 1967). See annotation #96. See annotation #103. IX. STAFF 133. hXcCusker, Mary Girolama / Implications of Automation for School Libraries. School Axford, William H. / An Approach to Libraries 17: p.23-27 (Fall 1967). Pcrformance Budgeting at the Florida At- See annotation #118. lantic University Library. College and Re- search Libraries 32: p.87-104 (Mar 1971). 134. Richmond, Phyllis A. / Commentary on See annotation #107. Three Topics of Current Concern. Library Resources and Technical Services 11: p.46G Byrd, C. K. / Subject Specialists in a Uni- 467 (Fall 1967). ~ersityLibrary. College and Research Li- Sec annotation 178. braries 27: p.191-193 (May 1966). See annotation #17. 135. Rosenthal, Joseph / Non-Professionals and Cataloging: A Survey of Five Libraries. Li- Danton, J. P. / Subject Specialists in Na- brary Resources and Technical Services 13: tional and University Libraries with Spe- p.321-331 (Summer 1969). cial Reference to Book Selection. Libri 17: Sce annotation #66. p.42-58 (1967). See annotation #18. 136. Tuttle, Helen Welch / An Acquisitionist Looks at hfr. Haro's Bibliographer. Library Dougherty, Richard M. / Manpower Utili- Resources and Technical Selvices 13: p. zation in Technical Services. Library Re- li&174 (Spring 1969). sources and Technical Services 12: p.77-82 See annotation #29. (Winter 1968). This article indicates that attempts at 137. Voos, Henry / Standard Times for Certain automation and standardization have been Clerical Activities in Technical Processing. less than successful. It locates part of the Library Resources and Technical Services problem in the deficiencies of library educa- 10: p.223-227 (Spring 1966). tion, which is treated at some length. This article is based upon a doctoral dissertation on time studies of clerical activi- Edelen, Joseph R., Jr. and Hack, Freder- ties at Rutgers University Library. The ick / A Different Approach to Catalog Card value of the work is in its attempt to es- Acquisitions-And It's Workingl South Da- tablish standard time units for repetitive kota Library Bulletin 55: p.237-242 (Oct library operations so that a library man- 1969). ager, wishing to time his operations, can See annotation #84. bypass the do-it-yourself stop-watch rou- Elrod, J. McRee / The Staffing of Techni- tine and begin instead with a list of opera- cal Processes. Libmry Journal 91: p.2275- tions performed and the standard times 2277 (May 1966). which match these operations. This article examines the assignment of duties in technical processes to professional X. COSTS and clerical personnel. It describes an as- 138. Adams, Charles J. / Statistical Chaos: sembly line organization of tasks. Five Technical Services in Public Libraries. Li- areas have been programmed for the in- brary Journal 91: p.2278-2280 (Mar 1, 1966). struction of clerical staff by Educational See annotation #I. Methods, Inc. of Chicago. They are: 1) the construction and adaptation of the unit 139. American Library Association / Catalog card from a marked title page, 2) catalog Card Reproduction. Chicago, ALA, 1965. and shelf list filing, 3) classification, 4) See annotation #81. choice of subject headings, 5) choice of main and added entries. In this way non- 140. Axford, H. William / An Approach to Per- professional staff can be trained to handle formance Budgeting at the Florida Atlantic all materials except those requiring original University Library. College and Research cataloging. Libraries 32: p.87-104 (Mar 1971). Haro, Robert P. / The Bibliographer in See annotation #107. the Academic Library. Library Resources 141. Badten, Jean and Motomatsu, Nancy / and Technical Services 13: p.163-169 (Spring Your School Library Considered. The Zn- 1969). sti-uctor: p.12&122 (Nov 1967). See annotation #20. See annotation #70. 132. Jones, Milbrey L. / Technical Services for 142. Can You Save Money on Book Processing? School Libraries-Exploring New Methods. School Management 14: p.20 (Apr 1970). Bulletin of the National Association of Sec- See annotation #71. ondary School Principals 306: p.52-58 (Jan 1966). 143. Clasquin, Frank F. / Procurement of Peri- See annotation #13. odicals on an Annual Bid Basis. Sci-Tech Mews (SLA) 19: p.10-12 (Spring 1965). 154. Leonard, Lawrence E., Maier, Joan M. and See annotation 194. Dougherty, Richard M. / Centralized Book Processing: A Feasibility Study Based on Dennis, Donald D. / Simplifying Work in Colorado Academic Libraries. Metuchen, Small Public Libraries. Philadelphia, Drexel N.J., Scarecrow Press, 1969. Institute of Technology, 1965. See annotation #15. See annotation #3. 155. Maier, Joan / Analyzing Acquisitions and Dillenberger, John / Traditional Library Cataloging Costs. Library Resources and Functions and the Economic Factor. Theo- Technical Services 13: p.127-136 (Winter logical Education 6: p.70-78 (Autumn 1969). 1969). See annotation 177. This article describes how the costs of original cataloging were established at the Dolby, J. L. and Forsyth, V. J. / An Analy- Colorado Academic Library Center. The av- sis of Cost Factors in Maintaining and Up- erage cost, as determined in this study, was dating Card Catalogs. Journal of Library $4.50/book; the largest portion being a Automation 2: p.218-241 (Dec 1969). $3.39/book labor cost. See annotation #58. 156. Raffel, Jeffrey A. and Shisko, Robert / Donahugh, Robert H. / Of Vista Wax and Systematic Analysis of University Libraries: Drums; Card Duplication with the Xerox An Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis to 914. Ohio Library Association Bulletin the MZT Libraries. Cambridge, Mass., MIT 35: p.3-1 (Apr 1965). Press, 1969. See annotation #83. This book presents clearly and concisely the justification for the application of cost- Fristoe, A. J. / Bitter End: The Searching benefit analysis to libraries through illus- Process. Library Resources and Technical trations taken from experience and studies Services 10: p.91-95 (Winter 1966). at the MIT Libraries. See annotation #41. 157. Scors, T. et al. / Periodical Price Index by Gipson, J. S. / Total Cost of Acquisitions Categories and Selected Years 1957/59 and in a Community College. College and Re- 1965 to 1969. Bowker Annual Book Trade search Libraries 28: p.253-276 (Jul 1967). Statistics, N.Y., 1970. The author, a mathematician, has given See annotation #99. a step-by-step method of analyzing the total 158. Tesovnik, hfary E. and DeHart, Florence cost of placing a new book on the library E. / Unpublished Studies of Technical shelf-the cost of the volume plus the cost Service Time and Costs: A Selected Bibli- of selecting, acquiring, and processing a ography. Library Resources and Technical volume. He illustrates how the total costs Services 14: p.56-67 (Winter 1970). of acquiring a book in the Macomb County This article contains a bibliography of Community College library was estimated 15 unpublished time and cost studies gath- at $4.85 plus the price of the volume. ered by the authors who sought such stud- Huff, William H. / The Acquisition of ies from 193 institutions. The bibliography Serial Publications. Library Trends 18: p. is arranged by the type of operation stud- 294-315 (Jan 1970). ied, followed by indexes to the libraries and See annotation 195. to the types of libraries represented. The studies covered such technical service op- Johnson, Donald W. / The Bibliographer's erations as: ordering, cataloging, card pro- Camera at Arizona State University Library. duction, and reclassification to LC. The au- Library Resources and Technical Services thors conclude that the absence of uniform 14: p.434-448 (Summer 1970). methods for gathering statistics and the See annotation 185. complexity of the operations being studied discoufage libraries from conducting such Jones, Milbrey L. / Technical Services for studies, as well as making comparability School Libraries-Exploring New Meth- difficult. ods. Bulletin of the National Association of 159. Williams, Gordon / Library. Cost Models: Secondary School Principals 50: p.52-58 Owning us. Borrowing Serial PubEications. (Jan 1966). Bethesda, Maryland, Westat Research, 1968. See annotation #13. See annotation #104. Lazorick, G. J. and Minder, T. L. / A Least-Cost Searching Sequence. College and XI. NON-PRINT Research Libraries 25: p.126128 (Mar 160. Hicks, Warren B. and Tillin, Alma M. / 1964). Developing Multimedia Libraries. New See annotation #43. York, R. R. Bowker Co., 1970. This book concentrates on the often neg- trol of educational media, new systems for lected areas of acquisition and cataloging speeding the delivery of media, i.e., com- of non-book materials. Part one provides puters, the design of new media centers, an overview of the problems involved in especially storage facilities, and audio, developing a multimedia library, including video, and graphic distribution systems. its function, its problems in acquisitions, Quinly sees the future role of the library as organization, cataloging, storage of mate- that of a resource center containing a vast rials, physical processing, and communica- array of non-book materials. He feels that tion with the patron. Part two gives exam- dealing in such materials means a new set ples of practical procedures; giving very of problems to be faced, compounded by specific cataloging suggestions and showing the lack of professional literature to aid in sample forms for the cataloging of each selection and acquisition. type of non-print material. 164. Riddle, Jean, Lewis, Shirley, and MacDon- Holmes, Rose and Lively, Gladys / Com- ald, Janet / Non-Book Materials: The Or- puter Processing for All Media. Wisconsin ganization of Integrated Collections. Ot- Library Bulletin 66: p.319-324 (Sep-Oct tawa, Canadian Library Association, 1970. 1970). This book strongly recommends that me- See annotation #12. dia be organized by unified classification with emphasis placed on content rather North Carolina State Department of Pub- than form. Cataloging has been simplified lic Instruction. Organizing Audiovisual (samples given) using only those elements Materials in the School Media Collection. absolutely necessary. Since there is still no Raleigh, N.C., State Department of Public standardization of terminology for non- Instruction, Feb 1970. print materials, the authors attempt to de- This manual was developed by the staff fine the terms used. Hints on storage and of the Division of Educational Media of the handling are given and a bibliography is North Carolina State Department of Edu- attached. cation. It is designed to present methods of organizing audiovisual media, i.e., both 165. Westhuis, Judith L. and DeYoung, Julia Dewey and a numerical system. It gives M. / Cataloging Manual for Non-book Ma- general procedures for classification and terials in Learning Centers and School Li- cataloging and specific procedures for or- braries. Ann Arbor, Michigan Association of ganizing each audiovisual medium. The School Librarians, 1966. authors' primary purpose was to encourage This manual was published in an attempt and facilitate more uniform and efficient to standardize the cataloging of non-book procedures in the organization and man- materials. While it was written specifically agement of a unified collection of educa- for the Grand Haven Public Schools (Mich- tional media. igan), its procedures can be readily adapted to other systems. 163. Quinly, William J. / Selection, Processing, and Storage of Non-Print Materials: Aids, Indexes and Guidelines. Library Trends Received for review Jul 13, 1971. Manu- 16: p.274-282 (Oct 1967). script accepted for publication Jan 13, This article deals with tools for the con- 1972. sla news

SLA Election Returns

GILLES FRAPPIER has been elected to Gonzalez will serve on the Board as Past the office of President-Elect of the Associa- President. Zoe L. Cosgrove succeeds Forrest tion for 1972173; and Mary A. McNierney, H. Alter as Chairman of the Advisory Coun- to Chairman-Elect of the Advisory Council. cil. John P. Binnington and Miriam H. Tees The two new Directors, elected for 19721 will serve the third year of their three-year 75, are Anne C. Roess and Charles H. Ste- terms (1970173) as Directors. Mark H. Baer vens. and Molete Morelock will serve the second The 1972173 Board of Directors will hold of their three-year terms (1971174) as Direc- its first meeting in Boston on Friday, June tors. Janet M. Rigney will serve the third 9. Walter G. Strable automatically succeeds year of her three-year term (1970173) as Efren W. Gonzalez as President, and Mr. Treasurer.

Guidelines for Association Property

Following is the "Guidelines for Admin- clearly marked: "Property of the Special istering Property Acquired by Units of SLAV Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue as approved by the SLA Board of Directors South, New York, New York 10003." at its Winter Meeting, Feb 1972, in Rich- 4. Appended to the annual financial report mond. of the unit should be a property report listing the date of acquisition, the pur- 1. Units sho~~ldbe aware of the Association's chase value and the name of the person Extra Association Relations Policy which responsible for the property and address contains this statement: "An agreement, of the location of the property. contract or obligation entered into by any 5. The proper care and maintenance of the Association unit requires advance ap- property is the responsibility of the unit. proval by the Association's Board of Di- 6. When the unit disposes of the property, rectors if liability exceeds available or SLA Headquarters must be informed im- budgeted funds." mediately and any outstanding debt on 2. These guidelines apply to property (such the property must be discharged by the as office machines, filing cabinets, etc.) unit. having a purchase value exceeding the 7. All Association property will be insured, unit's available or budgeted funds or at the discretion of the Executive Director, exceeding $1,000.00. by the addition of riders to the Associa- 3. The Executive Director at SLA Head- tion's insurance policy. To meet the re- quarters should be informed of the pur- quirements of the insurance company, it chase value, the name of the individual re- is mandatory that the permanent location sponsible for the property, and the address and the responsible custodian be identi- of its location immediately upon receipt fied. Units will be billed at cost by Head- of the property. The property should be quarters for such insurance. Accreditation and Special Librarianship

In the April 1972 issue of Special Libraries give them to faculty members to use; (p.205) it was reported that in January 1972, -provide opportunities for faculty members SLA presented formal testimony before the to participate in the evaluation of special ALA Committee on Accreditation (COA) libraries; concerning the proposed ALA Revised Stand- -don't overlook the non-accredited schools; ards for Accreditation. Informal discussions -work with the Library Education Division were also held between COA and SLA rep- of ALA on the development of guidelines resentatives. As a result, some specific sug- for special library education; gestions were made of ways special librarian- -develop a statement of expectations of ship can be more closely- integrated in what is expected in special libraries of stu- library education: dents who come to work for us. -arrange formal liaisons between Chapters ALA's Committee on Accreditation is a and local library schools; standing committee. Its members are: F. -invite faculty to visit special libraries and William Summers, Chairman (Grad. Libr. arrange a program geared to their inter- Schl., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, ests; S.C. 29208) (1973); Sister Peter Claver (1972); -arrange student team projects with special Robert E. Lee (1972); Andrew H. Horn libraries as workshops; (1973); George S. Bonn (1974); R. Brian -arrange for faculty members to work 3 Land (1974); Doralyn J. Hickey (1975); summer months in special libraries; Allen B. Veaner (1975); John T. Eastlick -gather sets of anecdotes and questions (1976); Mrs. Carrie C. Robinson (1976); which reflect the special library idea and Staff Liaison, Dr. Agnes L. Reagan.

U.N. Conference on the Human Environment

Mary Anglemyer, Librarian, Woodrow tion has submitted a position paper to the Wilson International Center for Scholars, has Advisory Committee. The paper urges that been appointed SLA Representative and any worldwide information network be un- Signe R. Ottersen, Bibliographer, Alternate dertaken in cooperation with UNISIST and to the United Nations Conference on the other already existing mechanisms. Human Environment to be held in Stock- Our representatives are in urgent need of holm, Jun 6-17, 1972. This has come about supporting information and suggestions and through the publication of a two-volume they would appreciate hearing from the work entitled: The Human Environment, membership. I£-you have any -suggestions, Volume I: A Selective, Annotated Bibliog- please send them to Mary Anglemyer, Li- raphy of Reports and Documents on Inter- brarian, Woodrow Wilson International Cen- national Environmental Problems; Volume ter for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution 11: Summaries of National Reports Sub- Building, Washington, D.C. 20560. mitted in Preparation for the United Na- tions Conference on the Human Environ- ment, available from the Center. Price Mary Anglemyer $10.00. Agenda item IV is entitled: Educa- Woodrow Wilson International Center tional, informational, social and cultural as- for Scholars pects of environmental issues. The Associa- Washington, D.C. 20560 SCHOLARSHIP FUND Donations Received Jan-Dec 1971 Name Amount Name Amount H. W. Wilson Foundation $ 4,000 Connecticut Valley Chapter-In Anonymous (Ann Arbor Trust Memory of Whitney Morgan 100 Company) Mrs. Anne Marie Breiger 100 Southern California Chapter Newspaper Division 100 Insurance Division Pacific Northwest Chapter 100 Sci-Tech Division Standard Oil Co. of California 100 New Jersey Chapter The Cordon-In Memory of In Memory of Elizabeth Burrows Catherine A. Simms 50 Alcan Aluminum Corp. Staff Elizabeth J. Gibson 50 Business & Finance Division Gordon Randall 50 Metals/Material Division members Cincinnati Chapter-In Memory -Leola Michaels, Virginia of Rosco C. Eads 50 Seidel, Jean Summers Michigan Chapter-In Memory of Helen MetalsIMaterial Division Tuttle and in memory of the father Alcan Secretariat Ltd. of Patricia Snyder 35 Mrs. Adam Robertson-Neighbor Michigan Chapter-In Memory of Mr. & Mrs. George E. Burrows Rae E. Rips 25 Eric A. Trice Hester C. Meigs 25 Mrs. Carolyn S. Kirby Virginia Chapter 25 Mr. & Mrs F. E. Burrows Alabama Chapter 25 Mr. & Mrs. Donald P. Albeneze Pittsburgh Chapter-In Memory of Mr. & Mrs. W. D. Blouch Anna B. Pomeroy 25 Mary G. Harrington Frances J. Rugen 25 Robert Young Mrs. Carolyn S. Kirby 20 Merle Hostetler Dorothy A. Lourdou 20 Mary V. Lindner w/ Joan Bacha, Michigan Chapter-In Memory of Terry Brussee, Alice Morrissey, Ray Detwiler 20 Arden Pittenger, James Mason Margaret F. Mackellar 20 Louella & Margaret John Mrs. Betty Nevin 20 Julia Edwards Washington D.C. Chapter-In the Julianne Collins name and honor of Catherine I. Mrs. Charles E. Smith Bahn 15 Mr. & Mrs. C. L. Martin Jean Flegal-In Memory of Virginia Mr. Sc Mrs. Tom Allen Bersagel 10 Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc. Washington D.C. Chapter-In the Institute for Scientific Information name and honor of The Social Time Inc. Sciences Group 10 Public Utilities Division-In Total Other Contributions 1,119 Memory of Virginia Edgington F. John Neverman Total Contributions Jan-Dec 1971 $14,617 E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.

H. W. Wilson Company Award At the 1971 Fall Meeting the SLA Board mendation that the initial award be given of Directors approved an award to be estab- at the Boston Conference to the author of lished to be presented to the author of the the best article published in Special Libraries best paper in Special Libraries. A Special in 1971. The H. W. Wilson Company has Committee was appointed to set up guide- agreed to the broad parameters established lines for the award. At the Winter Meeting, and has generously agreed to provide an the Board approved the Committee's recom- award of $250.00. 267 Allotments/ 19'72 for Chapters and Divisions

Chapter and Division allotments for 1972 were mailed from the New York offices to Chapter and Division treasurers the end of February. Chapters receive $3.00 per member based on the Dec 31, 1971 count of all membership categories, excluding Student Members. Divisions receive $2.00 per member. The amounts each Cha~terand Division received are as follows:

Advertising & Marketing Alabama Aerospace Baltimore Biological Sciences Boston Business and Finance Cincinnati Chemistry Cleveland Documentation Colorado Engineering Connecticut Valley Geography & Map Dayton Insurance Florida Metals/Materials Greater St. Louis Military Librarians Heart of America Museums, Arts & Humanities Illinois Natural Resources Indiana Newspaper Louisiana Nuclear Science Michigan Petroleum Minnesota Pharmaceutical Montreal Picture New Jersey Public Utilities New York Publishing North Carolina Science-Technology Oklahoma Social Science Pacific Northwest Transportation Philadelphia TOTAL Pittsburgh Princeton-Trenton Rio Grande San Diego San Francisco Bay Region South Atlantic Southern Appalachian Southern California Texas Toron to Upstate New York Virginia Washington, D.C. Wisconsin * These monies were not sent at the request of the Insurance Division TOTAL Royalty Payments on SLA Publications

The annual royalty payments have again been paid by Special Libraries Association for Non-Serial Publications sold in FY 71. Checks were mailed from the New York offices to each publication's sponsor (Chapter or Division treasurer) or to individual authors the end of March.

Aviation Subject Headings and Classification Guide. Virginia W. Transportation Earnshaw and Agnes A. Gautreaux, cornps. 1966 Division $ 17.50 German Chemical Abbreviations. Gabriele E. M. Wohlauer and H. D. Chemistry Ghol~ron,cornps. 1969 Division Guide to Metallurgical Information. 2d ed. Eleanor B. Gibson and Metals/Materials Elizabeth W. Tapia, eds. 1965 Division Guide to Scientific and Technical Journals in Translation. Carl E. Carl E. Himmels- Himmelsbach and Grace E. Brociner, cornps. 1968 bach and Mrs. Grace E. Brociner The Library: An Introduction for Library Assistants. William C. San Francisco Bay Petru, ed. 1967 Region Chapter National Insurance Organizations in the United States and Canada. Ruby C. Breitner, ed. 1957 Insurance Division Sources of Commodity Prices. Paul Wasserman, comp. 1960 Business and Fi- nance Division Sources of Insurance Statistics. Elizabeth Ferguson, ed. 1965 Insurance Division Special Libraries: A Guide for Management. Edward G. Strable, ed. 1966 Illinois Chapter Subject Headings in Advertising, Marketing and Communications Advertising & Mar- Media. Elin B. Christianson and Edward G. Strable, cornps. 1964 keting Division US. Sources of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics. Margaret M. Rocq, comp. 1961 Petroleum Division

CHAPTERS & DIVISIONS

Alabama-Dr. James D. Ramer, Dean of the Boston-The Chapter's Sci-Tech Committee University of Alabama's new Graduate sponsored the Nov 10 meeting at Ledgemont School of Library Service, addressed the Laboratory in Lexington. A tour of the li- Chapter's Oct 1 meeting. brary was followed by dinner. Speakers were The Chapter met Feb 11 at Auburn Uni- Ruth Smith, Institute of Defense Analyses, versity to see the new veterinary school com- and Louis Rains, Office of Naval Research. plex and its library. Mrs. Smith discussed Information Hangups and Mr. Rains spoke about Regional User Baltimore-The Chapter's Nov 16 meeting Groups in New England. featured Carl N. Everstine, Director, State An Education Committee Seminar was Department of Legislative Reference, speak- held Jan 12. The topic was "Periodicals on ing on the Department's activities and serv- Microfilm: Fact or Foible." ices. The Chapter's Apr 5 meeting featured a At the Jan 18 meeting, John RI. Becker, visit to the new Monroe C. Gutman Library chief of research, Baltimore Department of of the Harvard University Graduate School Planning, spoke on "Census of Population, of Education. 1970: M'hat Can the City Planning Depart- The Chapter has established the Paul W. ment Supply?" Riley Memorial Fund to promote and support student membership in the Simmons- Champaign, discussed "On-line Information SLA Student Group. Retrieval Systems, Characteristics and Eval- uation." Cleveland-The Chapter's Dec 4 meeting At the Chapter's Feb 23' meeting, Louis was a wine sampling party and tour of a Lerner, a trustee of the Chicago Public Li- winery, a book auction, and a smorgasbord brary, spoke on the work of the committee. dinner. The book auction was for the bene- Bruce C. Harding, chief, Archives Branch, fit of the Betty Burrows Scholarship Fund. Chicago Branch Federal Records Center, ad- Jan 20 was Bosses' Night. The meeting was dressed the Chapter Mar 21. His topic was concerned with communication. "National Archives and You." A computer tour was the feature of the Feb 16 meeting. Samuel Wolpert, President Louisiana-The Chapter met in Baton of Predicasts, Inc., was host. Rouge Mar 24 during the Louisiana Library A tour of the Cleveland Health Sciences Association Conference, which was hIar 23- Library was held Mar 20 with Robert G. 25. Professor Gerald McLindon, dean of Cheshier, Director. Louisiana State University School of Envi- ronmental Design, spoke at a luncheon meet- Connecticut Valley-The Chapter partici- ing. At the Chapter's afternoon meeting, Dr. pated in the 81st Conference of Connecticut Donald D. Foos, new director of the LSU Library Association, Apr 25-26. Discussions Library School, spoke. centered on Management and Money. hlinnesota-A "round table rap" was held Dayton-Joseph F. Shubert, Ohio State Li- Apr 4. The event afforded students and other brarian, addressed the Chapter's hIar 2 meet- interested people an opportunity to speak in- ing on "The Ohio Library Development formally with Chapter representatives. Plan and SpeciaI Libraries." The Chapter co-sponsored with ASIS its National Library Week Symposium I11 on Florida-The Chapter co-sponsored, with Management, Apr 20-21. Speakers discussed the University of Florida Libraries, a semi- budgeting, cost-benefit analysis, personnel, nar and show on microforms titled "blicro- and what management expects of the infor- forms-The Now Happening." The seminar mation service. was held Mar 17 and 18 in Clearwater, Fla. The Chapter has prepared an attractive General sessions featured speakers, and class brochure as part of its 1972 membership sessions offered informal problem-solving dis- drive. cussions to consider applications of microforms to information and communication Montreal-The Chapter met Dec 2 at the systems. hlcGill Library School to discuss reference sources, indexes, and current awareness. Greater St. Louis-The Chapter's Feb 12 A joint meeting was held Mar 3 with the meeting was held jointly with the St. Louis Library Association of Ottawa at the Na- Library Club. Dr. Harold Holland moder- tional Research Council. Dr. Jack E. Brown ated a panel on "Cost Effectiveness in Li- addressed the group. A model of the new braries." National Science Library was on display and tours were arranged. Indiana-The Chapter's theme for the year is communications. Paul Barton, Professor of New Jersey-The Chapter's Wine and Community Dentistry and Journalism at In- Cheese Party, held Dec 3, realized net pro- diana and Purdue Universities, discussed ceeds of $225 for the SLA Scholarship Fund. "Some Advice on Writing and Elementary "Trends in Library Education" were dis- Geometry" at the Dec 1 Chapter meeting. cussed Feb 15. Dr. Theodore C. Hines (Co- Joseph M. Dagnese, Director of Libraries, lumbia SchooI of Library Science), Ale1 Purdue University, was luncheon speaker at JVeinstock (Institute for Scientific Informa- the Chapter's Mar 4 meeting held at the tion), and Dr. Tom Shaughnessy (Rutgers- Indianapolis Museum of Art. Tours of the Dana Library) considered various facets of museum and library were conducted. the topic. "Library Headaches" was the topic under Illinois--At the Chapter's jointly held meet- consideration at the Chapter's Mar 16 meeting with ASIS on Jan 18, Frederick W. Lan- ing. Subscription agencies, book dealers and caster, University of Illinois at Urbana- book binders were the specific concerns with representatives from each field available for E. Buck and Dr. Preston P. LeBreton, Pro- discussion. fessors of Management and Organization at the University of Washington Graduate New York, Business and Finance Group- School of Business Administration, led the The Group met Dec 16 for a slide presenta- sessions. Topics included concepts of com- tion on New York City bookstores. munications, human relations and management, as applied to the library, with empha- New York, Geography and Map Group- sis on motivation, effective exchange of ideas Howard E. Welsh, map collector, addressed and managing change. the Group's Jan 25 meeting. His topic was "Maps, Atlases, Globes: Enjoyment Through Pittsburgh-The Chapter met Nov 3. Mrs. Collecting." Donna Deane, director of the Allegheny County Bureau of Consumer Protection, and New York, Picture Group-In cooperation Paul Yound, co-chairman of the Grievance with the Hament Corporation, the Group Committee of the Alliance for Consumer held a meeting Mar 8 on "The Processing Protection, discussed various facets of crime of Color Photographic Materials." in the marketplace.

New York, Publishing GroupThe Group Rio Grande-On Dec 3 the Chapter met at met Jan 6 at Bankers Trust Co. Systems De- the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. A visit velopment Division. David Lynn, Division to the main library was followed by a tour Vice President, discussed the organization, of the Bradbury Science Museum, the Occu- materials, and services of the facility. Eleanor pational Health Facility, and the Meson Crouse, librarian, led a tour of the related Physics Facility. Technical Information Center. Southern California-The Chapter held a Oklahoma-The Chapter held an all-day wine tasting and raffle as its annual Scholar- workshop Feb 25 at the University of Okla- ship Event on Dec 10. Proceeds of $937 were homa in Norman. The program concerned donated to the Association. applied management techniques and com- The Chapter cooperated with five other munications within the organizational struc- organizations (The Coordinating Council of ture. Charles A. Parsons, Phillips Petroleum Library Organizations) to sponsor a joint Co., spoke on "The Computer-A Commu- annual symposium on Feb 23. The after- nication Tool." Dr. Raymond P. Lutz, noon and evening conference explored new School of Industrial Engineering, University information sources and services. Carlos of Oklahoma, discussed "The Communica- Cuadra, System Developing Corp., gave an tions hlanager." A practicum for librarians after-dinner talk on "National Planning for was held in the afternoon with Chapter Libraries: 12~110,What and When." members participating. President-Elect Edward G. Strable was the Chapter's guest at its meeting Mar 21. Dis- Pacific Northwest-An early 1972 Chapter cussion centered on the connections among meeting was held for students of the Uni- Chapter members, the Association, and spe- versity of Washington School of Librarian- cial librarianship. The meeting marked the ship. Twelve tables representing various spe- Chapter's 50th anniversary. Chapter past cial libraries in the Seattle area were staffed presidents were especially honored. by librarians who supplied samples of their publications and equipment. Texas-SLA President Efren Gonzalez was At the Chapter's Feb 12 meeting, G. L. the Chapter's guest at its Oct 22-23 meet- Filippelli, administrator, Information Serv- ing. The group viewed the film on the ices, Cominco Ltd., discussed the Vancouver Spires/Ballots Report. City Center Information Handlers' Group The Chapter's Dec 3-4 meeting was based which he organized. on the general theme of aids to better com- The Chapter met Mar 25 in Portland, Ore- munication. A colloquy on microfilms in the gon. Tours of the Oregon Historical Society library was led by Joe E. Grimsley, presi- Library and the Portland Art Museum Li- dent of the North Texas Chapter of the Na- brary were featured. tional hiicrofilm Association. The Chapter's continuing education semi- Texas A & M University Library was host nar, Apr 22-23, had as its theme, "Librar- for the Chapter's Feb 19 meeting. Mrs. ians, Are You Communicating?" Dr. Vernon Leatha Miloy, head of the Department of Marine Resources, spoke on "The Sea Grant nial College of Applied Arts and Technol- Program and Information Sources." ogy. A tour of the library and building was Dr. Donald W. Zacharias, Associate Pro- featured. Douglas Light, President of the fessor of Speech, University of Texas at Aus- College, outlined the purpose of the College tin, addressed the Chapter's Apr 15 meet- and its place in the educational program of ing. His topic was "Interpersonal Communi- Ontario. cations for Special Librarians." The Texas Special Libraries Directory, Washington, D.C.-At the Chapter's Jan 18 prepared by the Texas State Library in co- meeting, held jointly with ASIS, Scott Adams operation with the Texas Chapter and the discussed UNISIST. Special Libraries Division of Texas Library A new member reception was held Feb 29. Association, is available free of charge as The motto for the evening was "Leap into long as the supply lasts. Requests may be Alembership." directed to Sara Aull, University of Houston A joint meeting of the Biological Sciences, Library, Houston, Texas 77004. The direc- Military and Science and Technology Groups tory has been distributed to Texas members. was held hIar 15. David E. Marra, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, presented an illus- ToronteUPR and the Library User" was trated lecture on marine oceanology. the topic under discussion at the Chapter's hlar 25 was the Chapter's continuing Edu- Feb 17 meeting. Carol Lindsay (Toronto cation IVorkshop on Libraries and Informa- Star), Kris Vaiciulenas (Canadian Standards tion Science. update 72 was a cooperative ef- Association), Clara Miller (Imperial Oil Lim- fort of five local library organizations. ited), and Margaret Randall (Bank of Nova Charles Stevens (Executive Director, NCLIS) Scotia) were speakers. was luncheon speaker. The Chapter met Mar 16 at the Centen-

SLA STUDENT GROUPS

SLA Student Groups were formed for the topic, "An Introduction to Special Librar- first time in Fall 1971. As of the SLA Win- ies: Organization and Operation." Speakers ter Meeting (Feb 1972). six such Groups had were SLA President-Elect Edward G. Strable, been officially chartered [Special Libraries Illinois Chapter President William D. hlur- 63 (no.4): p.206 (Apr 1972)l. Since that time, phy, and Jane Wilson, coordinator of SLA the Student Group at UCLA has been or- Student Groups in Illinois. ganized. Following are data concerning the Richard Press and Russell hlaylone, North- seven SLA Student Groups recognized by western University, addressed the Group Mar Mar 1972. 22 on collection development for university libraries. University of California (Los Ange1es)- The Group has held three visits to special Faculty Advisor : George Bonn 1ibrariesAerospace Corporation, MGM Stu- President : James Bobick dios, and Huntington Library. The latter visit included a formal business meeting. Secretary : Linda Smith Members are also attending meetings of the Liaison to Illinois Chap- Southern California Chapter. ter : Samuel Morri- Chairman and Repre- son sentative to the Chap- Number of charter mem- ter Advisory Board : Anita Fried. bers : 22 man Number of current mem- Faculty Advisor : Johanna E. bers : 28 Tallman Number of charter mem- North Texas State University (Denton)- bers : 11 The Group has organized informally and has met three times, the last meeting having oc- University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) curred Mar 27 when a group of special li- -The Group met Dec I7 to consider the brarians addressed the Group. cl~nirman (Oct-Dec Frank Clasquin, F. W. Faxon Company, 1971) : John Willing- spoke. ham, Jr. President (Oct 1971-Jan Co-Chairman (Oct-Dec 1972) Barbara E. 1971) : Patricia Fraser Kastritis Secretary (Oct 1971-Jan Chairman (Jan-Jun 1972) hlary A. 1972) : Mindy Litterst Boehner President (1972) Virginia Eager Faculty Advisor : Paul Kruse Secretary (1972) Bernice J. Number of charter mem- Berzof bers : 7 Faculty Advisor James hl. Number of current mem- Matarazzo bers : 23 Number of charter members University of Oregon (Eugene) Number of current mem- President and Repre- bers sentative to the Chap- State University of New York (Albany) ter Advisory Board : LaVonne Jacobsen Chairman : Frances Kurtz Vice President : Leo Hollen- Vice-chairman and Stu- beck dent Representative to Program and Publicity Upstate New York Chairman : Tom Phelps Chapter : Lawrence Ran- dall Faculty Advisor : Robert Berk Secretary-Treasurer : Barbara Guay Number of current members : 12 Program Chairman : Beth Mehalick Faculty Advisor : Irving Klemp- St. John's University (Jamaica, N.Y.)-The ner Group cooperated with St. John's Depart- Number of current mem- ment of Library Science and the ASIS Stu- bers : 36 dent Chapter to sponsor an ERIC Workshop, Apr 19, at the campus. J. I. Smith, Associate Director of ERICICLIS, was director of the Deceased Members- 1971 \\:orkshop. Following is a list of SLA members President : Helen Valente reported deceased in 1971. Secretary : Betty Hoppen- Elizabeth H. Anderson wasser Roberta F. Armbrister Treasurer : Andrew J. Samuel Baig hlerkovsky Alrs. Evelyn Branstetter Faculty Advisor : Mohammed Eugenia D. Lejuene Aman John H. hloriarty Bertha hl. Pehrson Number of current mem- Saro J. Riccardi bers : 13 Donald A. Riechmann Paul W. Riley Simmons (Boston)-The Group heard Loyd XIrs. Barbara B. Scllneider Rathbun (1972 Boston Conference Chair- hlrs. Helene Singer man) speak at its Oct meeting. A panel of Mildred Stewart Boston Chapter members discussed "Special LVilliam D. Stimmel Librarianship: Opportunities and Analysis" Be'rtlice L. Stuart at the Nov 22 meeting. The Group's Mar 2 Elir~bethR. Sullivan meeting, "What Is a Library Bindery?", fea- Eleanor RI. Tafel tured Dudley A. Weiss, Executive Director, Helen Trettien Library Binding Institute. .A meeting on li- Adelirie \trassermann brary subscription agencies was held Apr 12. Call for Papers 1973

64th Annual Conference Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Hilton Hotel Special Libraries Association June 10-14, 1973

Theme: "Wide Angle View of the Future"

The 1973 Conference theme indicates that Information and Instruction for Authors special librarians are interested in what is 1. Send an abstract of your proposed paper, projected for the future. Three general ses- title of the paper, and names of the author(s) sions are planned: to: Dr. Virginia Sternberg 1. Expectations for the Future (speakers (Program Chairman, SLA Pittsburgh '73) will cover future demands in research, aca- Westinghouse Electric Corporation demia, government, law and the interna- P.O. Box 79, West Mifflin, Pa. 15122 tional scene). 2. The abstract must not exceed 100 words. 2. Planning for the Future (planning 3. The abstract must be received by Friday, ahead, redevelopment [for which Pittsburgh Sep 15, 1972. 4. Use the official abstract form, which may is noted], projectization, and fitting the new be obtained from: library technology into the old library Special Libraries Association budget). Publications Secretary 3. Adapting to the Future (papers by spe- 235 Park Avenue South cial librarians on this subject). New York, N.Y. 10003 5. Papers will be accepted only if an author Papers are solicited from SLA members, expects to be present at the Conference. library school faculty and students, and 6. Abstracts will be reviewed by the Confer- others interested in making a contribution ence Committee to determine their interest to related to the theme of the third General SLA members. Notification of acceptance will be given no later than Wednesday, Nov 15, 1972. Session, "Adapting to the Future," which will 7. The full text of all papers must be received consist of five sections: (1) Things We Can by Monday, Jan 15, 1973. Learn From the Past, (2) Things We Should 8. In case of co-authorship, the name of the Stop Doing, (3) Things We Would Like to person expected to present the paper must be Do, (4) Things Others Would Like Us to Do, underlined. The name and address of the insti- and (5) How to Adapt to Environmental tution or company sponsoring the paper should Factors: Lack of Money; Research Cutbacks; be stated, as well as the names and addresses of Space Out-Ecology In. Because the first the current professional affiliations of the au- two general sessions will be closely coordi- thor(~). 9. The author(s) should prepare their ab- nated and very specific in nature, papers are stract carefully so that it will arouse interest in not solicited for these events. In an effort to and do justice to the actual paper. The abstract have a fully coordinated Conference, papers should set forth the purpose of the paper, im- appropriate for presentation to a specific Di- portant results of work done, and a conclusion. vision will be forwarded to the Program Avoid historical summaries and generalities. Chairman of that Division for consideration. 10. Special Libraries Association retains first Papers should be based on original re- right to publish all papers presented at its search or development or on personal ex- meetings. Papers not accepted for publication in the journal will be returned to the author(s). perience and must not have been previously 11. Diagrams and data to be presented visually published or presented to any national or are to be made legible through the use of large international group. Final papers should be letters, heavy lines, and limited data on each il- approximately 1,500 words in length. AC- lustration. Lettering should be readable from 150 cepted papers will be considered for publica- feet. Projection equipment must be specified and tion in Special Libraries. requested at the time the abstract is submitted. vistas

Some Implications for Libraries of the Recent Williams & Wilkins Decision

The recommendation of Commissioner Record keeping for libraries would become Davis of the United States Court of Claims costly and burdensome. W & W assumes an filed on February 16, 1972 finding in favor ideal solution: a single representative of all of the plaintiff, Williams Pe Wilkins, in its publishers would negotiate a yearly rate for copyright infringement suit against the Na- library photocopying rights. This may be a tional Library of Medicine and the National completely unwarranted assumption. Some Institute of Health Library appears on the publishers may decide not to participate in s~n-faceto have some reasonable basis. How- such a scheme-and libraries wodd then have ever, it overrules the traditional "fair use" to become involved in negotiations with in- photocopy principle which has been a guide dividual publishers. In all probability, li- to libraries for 37 years. Commissioner Davis' braries would find it necessary to keep rec- report if affirmed by the Court will work un- ords of all photocopy requests by pub- uskl hardships on libraries, and, more im- lisher to determine an accurate royalty fee portantly, haJe a negative effect on the re- due them by the library. It is not difficult to search process. It will present libraries with foresee controversy, wrangling, and even liti- additional tedious, unnecessary and burden- gation. some tasks to perform, and will drastically The Commissioner's opinion has a much slow down the vital communication process greater impact on non-governmental libraries directly affecting the speed with which re- than on governmental since the Public search results are disseminated to the scien- Health Service has ruled that after July 1, tific community. 1965, PHs sponsored or supported research What is the evidence for this? Although may be photocopied by the government with- Williams and Wilkins does not seek to enjoin out payment or royalty. Thus, the ruling may the photocopying and "merely seeks a rea- have minor impact on governmental collec- sonable royalty," they can, based on this tions, but major consequences for non-gov- decision, at some future date change their ernmental libraries. policy and not grant license to photocopy. In discussing the relationship of copyright W & IV cannot speak for other publishers and photocopying two future directions are who may decide that it is in their best in- considered: legislative and judicial. terest not to follow the particular path The legisla;ive path may not necessarily chosen by W & W. Individual publishers may offer a sound solution to libraries and the enjoin libraries from photocopying in an "fair use" yardstick unless there is a liberal attempt to increase subscription sales or off- Congress, since the underlying issue is a set decreasing sales. variation of the theme of Public vs. Prop- If the W & W opinion is upheld in the erty Rights. A conservative trend in Congress U.S. Court of Claims, it will mean a sharp will undoubtedly mean a stricter enforce- rise in costs to libraries. The most common ment of copyright and a greater emphasis on figures quoted are 2 or 5 cents per page in the rights of ownership. royalty charges. Thus, a library photocopying The judicial path vis B vis the Supreme 100,000 to 200,000 pages per year would be Court also appears not to offer an optimistic charged somewhere between $2,000 and $10,- future to "fair use" (although historically 000. But this may only be a beginning. Once the Supreme Court is somewhat unpredict- licensing is accepted, royalty payments could able), since our present Court is definitely of rise very sharply over a period of time (10, a conservative hue. It is possible that if the 15, 20 cents per page) particularly if publish- U.S. Court of Claims upholds Commissioner ers were dissatisfied with their profit margins. Davis' report, the Supreme Court may de- cline to rule on W & W vs. the U.S. In this nical periodical is not a participant in copy- situation the Davis report will be considered right protection; only the publisher is. as law. (4) In many cases the research resulting in Although highly unlikely, the best posi- published scientific articles has been totally tion for libraries on this whole question or partially supported by grant funds of the would be the maintenance of the status quo. U.S. Government. In an immediate sense the It is clear that we need support outside people as a whole have thus contributed. It the library community, particularly in the seems grossly unfair that these results should academic world. But there is a great deal of then be used for private gain. confusion present since many academicians feel that W & W has a justifiable case. We Philip Rosenstein must make our case with them on the fol- College of Medicine and lowing bases: Dentistry of New Jersey Newark, N.J. 07103 (I) Copyright licensing and royalties create unnecessary red tape and slow down dissemination of scientific results. (2) Mi & W has not made a case that photocopying has significantly endangered periodical publishing. (3) The "fair use" principle, one copy of an article per reader, has been abused from time to time in libraries, but its abolition or redefinition would be detrimental. More on (4) Increased costs to libraries will be passed on to users with no added benefits. Copyright Infringement (5) Library staffs will be burdened with unnecessary tasks which will detract from their important service functions. Following is a memo sent to Medical Li- brary Association members regarding the By way of an addendum, it appears to me recent Commissioner ruling in the Williams that there are certain distinctions regarding and Wilkins Company v. United States copy- copyright which are glossed over in Commis- right infringement case. That ruling was sioner Davis' opinion. Conventionally, one reported in Special Libraries 63 (no.3): p.155 has in mind a book (usually fiction) or a (Mar 1972). The memo is reprinted here with piece of music in discussions of copyright permission of MLA. and royalties resulting therefrom. In the case of a periodical publisher with researchers contributing articles, there seems to be some TO: Medical Library Association Members important variances from the conventional FROM:Committee on Legislation copyright situation. For example: SUBJECT:Williams & Wilkins Case (1) The authors of articles appearing in scientific and technical journals give up their We have all been watching with great con- ownership right and do not share in the cern the progress of the pending case of the royalties. In fact, in some cases they pay a Williams and Wilkins Company v. the page fee to the publisher for the privilege of United States, a copyright infringement ac- having the article printed. This is generally tion which involves the National Library of not so in the case of the author of a conven- Medicine and the National Institutes of tional book or composer of a song. Health Library. On February 16, 1972 a (2) The author of scientific and technical Commissioner's Report was filed with the periodical articles do not have as their goal United States Court of Claims which would, protection of ownership interests. Rather, if adopted, adversely affect the programs of their interest is in having as wide a dissemi- the two libraries named and would ulti- nation of an article as possible without ma- mately affect all libraries. It should be terial gain resulting from the sale of the pointed out that this is a Commissioner's periodical. Report. The Commissioner's function is to (3) Traditionally, copyright exists to pro- advise the Court, and his opinion does not tect both the publisher and the author. The have the force or effect of law, unless the author in the case of the scientific and tech- judges of the Court of Claims uphold it. We are further advised that the jttdges are in no from publishers to provide copyright prorec- way bound to accept these findings, may re- tion with royalty-paying arrangements. It ject them in whole or in part, and must ulti- wou!d seem to be premature to accede to any mately make their own independent ruling of these before the Williams and \Vilkins and decree. This is the fi~stcopylight cd5e to case has been finally decided; such action reach trial in the Court of Claims, and its could severely damage the libraries' case and ruling will undoubtedly be appealed. The weaken their ranks. The MLA Office would final decision may well rest witl; ;he Supreme be interested, however, in hearing from li- Court of the United States. The appeal braries to which such proposals have been procedures are long and time consuming. made. Until the final decision is I-eaclled, it is Hasty decisions should not be made at this desirable that the library world should co11- time. Any quick judgment by individual li- tinue existing policies and practices with le- braries might do irreparable damage to our spect to photocopying of copyrighied niate- common cause. What is needed is a coopera- rials. We have been advised that nothing is tive effort on the part of libraries and tlle to be gained if libraries refuse to give photo- entire scholarly community towa~da realistic copy service as a reaction to the Report. It is copyright law which is equitable toward all understood that the National Library of interested parties. Medicine, on advice of counsel, will continue l'he foregoing statement is consistent with the policy and practice with respect to library those issued by the Association of Research photocopying that it has followed until now. Libraries and the American Library Associa- Libraries may soon be deluged with offers tion to their membership.

New Science Information Center

The University of Kansas Libraries an- terests are possible. The computer searches nounce the formation of a Science Informa- are available one to three weeks before the tion Center. This service, tlle first of several printed version, and frequently before jour- computer-based services planned by the Li- nal issues are received. The computer search braries in cooperation with the University will be done regardless of how busy the user of Kansas Computation Center, is designed is and will not overlook a pertinent citation. to enable chemists and scientists to stay Trained staff are available to help the user abreast of the latest advances in theory and create his own personalized search request, technology by alerting them to current in- and to modify it for continuing high rele- formation reported in approximately 700 of vance and precision. the world's leading chemical journals. An The Library is able to provide this service American Chemical Society data base which for a modest price of $47.00 per year for air contains all the information in the printed mail return within the continental U.S.A. A issues of Chemical Titles is searched every one time $20.00 charge per profile covers all two weeks according to search instructions costs in consultation and revision of the submitted by the users. Approximately 5,000 profile. This charge may be waived at the articles are examined during each bi-weekly discretion of the Library if the user is capa- search, and complete bibliographic citations ble of creating his own profile. for all articles matching the user's request The University of Kansas Libraries wel- are printed in any order desired (i.e. alpha- come all inquiries on this service and would betically by author, title, estimate of rele- be glad to be of service to anyone who wishes vance, etc.). to submit a profile. For further information The computer search has capabilities far consult: Science Librarian, 605 hlalott Hall, beyond the use of the printed indexes. Much University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas more complex descriptions of the user's in- 66044. 277 LTP Reports to SLA is the Ames shelving. This company was recently sold, and when production facilities The Council on Library Resources, are reopened, LTP will evaluate a sample of Inc. approved three grants to LTP for eval- its shelving if appropriate. uative and test programs. The first, CLR- The March issue of Library Tech- 532, is a grant of $10,219.74 to carry out per- nology Reports featured a series of evalua- formance tests on 16 plastic card catalog trays tions of flatbed photocopiers and a chart for with wood fronts. The program, which will figuring how much copies cost. Products continue over a 12-month period, will com- tested include the new IBM 6800 which plement a test of all-plastic trays carried out copies on uncoated bond paper, and several in 1971 with funds from Library Technology high-volume Xerox machines. The photocopier reports, by Buyers Laboratories, sup- Reports. The second grant, CLR-533, authorized payment of $3,709 for a six-month plement the previous evaluations carried out investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of for LTP by William R. Hawken Associates. film rejuvenation treatments. By examining the costs of different machines A proposal for the evaluation of a under rental, lease, or purchase plans, the vinyl-clad particle board card catalog cabinet Cost-Per-Copy Chart enables the librarian to will be funded by CLR under CLR-537 in select the photocopier which is most eco- the amount of $4,015.43. nomical for his particular needs. Progress continues on planning three Telephone inquiries to the LTP In- manuals to be published by LTP. Final plans formation Service have inct-eased significantly were completed for the publication of an and now amount to approximately 200 calls administrative manual on library security. a year. In 1971, LTP's free information serv- The next step will be the selection of an ice answered approximately 500 written and anthor and formal proposal for grant 150 telephone requests for information on funds. LIembers of the advisory committee library &luipment- and supplies. \.trritten requests answered during the 12 month period lor the publication of a manual on the or- gani7ation and operation of a library micro- ending February 29, 1972, were about the same in number as previously reported, while text leading room met to discuss the outline for it submitted by Dr. Francis Spreitzer. telephone requests increased to approxi- Committee recommendations are being in- mately 200 (4 or 5 calls per week). coiporated. .\ time and cost estimate for tlie An analysis of the inq~~iriesindicates prepara~ionand writing of a manual on the that tlie top ten subject areas in which li- olxr;ttion ol a photoduplication laboratory brarians sought the advice of LTP are: Iias I~eendeli\.ered to LTI'. microforms and related equipment, a/v Extended user-testing of microform equipment, library shelving, library furni- re;rtlers is now being carried on in a coopera- ture, bookbinding, book labeling devices tive progi-am r~ndertlie auspices of LT1' and (including SE-LIhT),library insul-ance, book the National Archives, where microform preservation, theft detection systems, and leaders are used for extended periods of floors and floor coverings. This shows little shift in emphasis from a year earlier, when a time. Such usage is expected to provide a mote accurate picture of how the machines similar study was made. Each request is st'tnd up in actual me than did the short given individual attention. Every attempt is telm user tests previously emplo~edby LTP. made to supply the inquirer with the most current and accurate information available. Presently undergoing el aluation at the Na- In instances when the Information Service tional Archives are 1011 film readers; testing is unable to answer a question, the inquirer of microfiche readers will begin at a later is referred to appropriate alternate sources date. Several machines tested in the laboratory by LTP in 1971 are included in the proof information, or as appropriate, LTP de- velops the information needed by the in- gram. Results will be shared by the National quirer. This is particularly important in Archives with LTP. \iew of the increasing sophistication of ques- The January 1972 issue of Library tions and the resulting increase in the Technology Reports featured a survey of amoutit of time that needs to be devoted to microform readers suitable for library use, each inquiry. One third to one half tlie and six reports on office electric typewriters. questions receited need two to three hours' A report on Republic Steel's bracket type steel shelving also appeared, completing, with info~mationsearch. one exception, evaluations of such shelving Marjorie Weissman now available on the market. The exception LTP/ALA, Chicago, Ill. 60611 REVIEWS

Information Retrieval Systems; Records Man- "first of all a directory of information systems agement Handbook, FPMR 101-11.3. General and services in the United States and Canada." Services Administration, National Archives and The editor defines these information systems and Records Service, Office of Records Management. services as Information Centers, Computerized Washington, GPO, 1970. $1.75. systems and services, Networks and cooperative programs, Data banks, Documentation Centers, This handbook describes 51 representative Information storage and retrieval systems, Mi- nonconventional systems used for information crographic systems and services, Research centers storage and retrieval. These are primarily com- and projects, Clearinghouses and referral cen- puter, microfilm/microfiche and aperture card or ters, Coordinating Agencies, Consulting and other optical coincidence systems. To quote the planning organizations and services, Informa- introduction, "the purpose of this handbook is tion offices, Industrial research inEormation cen- simply to describe selected information retrieval ters, Professional associations, Specialized library systems in use today, so that those seeking in- reference services. To continue the preface, "Not formation on the subject may learn what others included are traditional commercial and legal are doing to solve their information retrieval services, technical information centers which are problems. No attempt has been made to eval- essentially special libraries, public information uate the relative merits of the systems described offices . . . conventional indexing and abstract- or to include all of the information retrieval ing services, and library automation programs systems in use within the government today." which are limited to housekeeping functions, The handbook is not a directory. In fact, some such as circulation, serials control, and acquisi- of the most important government IR systems: tions." MEDLARS, Nuclear Science Abstracts, National There are 833 entries in this directory and Technical Information Service, Smithsonian Sci- these are indexed by personal name of director, ence Information Exchange, etc. are not in- subject, computerized abstracting and indexing cluded. However, by using the indexes, one can services, computer applications and services, identify systems by agency, by equipment used, consulting and planning services, data collection and by function. Functions are document refer- and analysis centers, micrographic applications ence systems, document storage, combined refer- and services, networks and cooperative programs, ence and document storage systems and finally research projects, SDI systems, a list of the pe- data or fact retrieval. riodicals and serials published by the organiza- The system descriptions are brief, rather gen- tions and a dictionary of the acronyms used. eral and frequently omit essential information The information was gathered primarily by such as the name and source of the specialized questionnaire. Each entry, which in almost every commercial equipment or the computer pro- case fills a single page, gives the name, address grams needed to operate the system. In fact, in and telephone number of the establishment, most instances, there is no indication that a sys- date established, head of the unit, staff size, a tem is built around a piece of specialized, com- brief description of the system and services, the mercial hardware. The handbook could be useful scope and subject coverage, input sources, size as an introduction to various retrieval systems of the holdings, the serial and nonserial pub- and as a guide where one could go to see a work- lications produced, the microform services, mag- ing system. netic tape services, other services, computer and One must emphasize again: This is not a di- information processing equipment and the user rectory. Only a few representative systems are restrictions. described and their descriptions are essentially This type of compilation suffers from the lack on how they operate rather than their contents of any agreed-upon definition of what are in- and services. formation systems. There are no established I. A. Warheit categories. Worse still, many of the categories IBM Corp. lack any real definition. What, for example, does San Jose, Calif. 951 14 one include in data banks, documentation centers, information storage and retrieval systems and so on? Every person has his own defini- Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Serv- tions and makes his selections based on his spe- ices, edited by Anthony J. Kruzas. Ann Arbor, cial interests. It is very easy, therefore, to fault Michigan, Edwards Brothers, 1971. 1,109 pages. the compiler because his categories and his selec- $67.50. tions do not agree with your own. But even in the well defined categories one is puzzled about Professor Kruzas' Encyclopedia of Information the inclusions and omissions. Under consulting Systems and Services is essentially a variation of and planning services one can find Becker and his older and more useful Directory of Special Hayes, System Development Corporation and Libraries and Information Centers. The volume the University of California, Los Angeles-In- under review is not an encyclopedia in the usual stitute of Library Research (and be sure to look sense of the word, but, to quote the preface, under University-cross references are lacking),

MAY/JUNE 1972 but where arc Herner & Co., or Arthur D. Lit- Will the Encyclopedia of Information Systems tle Inc.? Under Abstracting and Indexing one and Services be useful in a library? Libraries can find the Air l'ollution Control Association have an insatiable appetite for directories, but and its APCA Abstracts but where is the US. this directory contains such an odd mixture that Department of Health, Education and Welfare's it is probably useful only to a select number of Kational Air Pollution Control Administration libraries. Furthermore, many of the entries can and its A7APCA Abstract Bulletin? Within or- be found in other directories. Also considering ganizations, using my own company, IBhI, as an the high price of the volume, one should pro- example, why were two units selected while the ceed with a great deal of caution before acquir- major information senice, extensively compu- ing it. terized, is not listed? But then, there are many I. A. Warheit difficulties in compiling directories, especially IBM Corp. those that depend almost entirely for their com- San Jose, Calif. 95114 pilation on questionnaires.

COMING EVENTS Jun 28-30. CORlTEC (Computer Micro- graphics Technology User's Group, Third Semi-Annual Conference . . . at Radisson May 19-21. ASIS, Mid-Year Regional Con- Denver Hotel, Denver, Colo. For informa- ference . . . at University of Dayton, Day- tion: COhlTEC, P.O. Box 25605, West Los ton, Ohio. For information: ASIS, 1140 Con- Angeles, Calif. 90025. necticut Ave. N.W., Suite 804, Washington, D.C. 20036. Jul 10-14. Gordon Conference on the Lan- guages of Scientific Information . . . in New London, New Hampshire. For informa- Jun 8-29. Short courses in library-information: hi. hI. Henderson, Center for Com- tion science at CUNY Center for the . . . puter Sciences and Technology, National Advancement of Library-Information Sci- Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. ence. Tue. and Thu. evenings. For informa- 20234. tion: Vivian Sessions, director of the Center, City University of New York, 33 West 42nd Jul 10-21. Archives-Library Institute on His- St., N.Y. torical Research Materials . . . in Colum- bus, Ohio. For information: David R. Lar- Jun 10-16. Canadian Library Association son, Institute Director, Ohio Historical So- . . . in Regina, Sask. For information: Mrs. ciety, 1-71 and 17th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio Ann Lachance, 282 Martin Ave., Dorval, 4321 1. P.Q. Jul 15-18. National Audio-visual Conven- Jun 12-Aug 11. Short courses . . . at Uni- tion and Exhibit . . . at Municipal Audi- versity of Denver Graduate School of Li- torium, Kansas City, Missouri. For informa- brarianship. Offerings vary in length. For tion: NAVA, 3150 Spring St., Fairfax, Va. information: Graduate School of Librarian- 22030. ship, University of Denver, Denver, Colo. Jul 16-Aug 11. Institute of Archival Studies 80210. . . . at University of Denver. For information: D. C. Renze, director, Institute of Jun 14. Symposium on Medical Information Archival Studies, 1530 Sherman St., Denver, Systems . . . at the New York Hilton. Tech- Colo. 80203. nicon International Congress is sponsored by Technicon Instruments Corp., Dept. R40, Jul 17-19. American Association of Colleges Tarrytown, N.Y. 10591. of Pharmacy, Librarians Section, seminar and annual meeting . . . at Center for To- Jun 26-30. Third International CODATA morrow, Ohio State University, Columbus. Conference on "The Generation, Compila- Theme: "Evaluation of Pharmacy Libraries tion, Evaluation and Dissemination of Data and Resources for Improvement." For reser- for Science and Technology" . . . at Le vation form (due Jun 17): Virginia B. Hall, Creusot, France. For information: B. Vodar, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, B.P. 30,92-Bellevue, France. 500 W. 12 St., Columbus, Ohio 43210. We've been doing it for 100 years.. . serving libraries For a full century Stechert-Hafner, Inc. has been providing libraries with full subscription service for all foreign and domestic periodicals, continuations, and books in series. Whether your library needs an obscure journal from somewhere in India or the latest issue of Life, we guarantee prompt delivery. A Customer Service Staff is on hand to treat each customer individually. Backed up by an Electronic Data Proces- WHY sing System, with its ever expanding bank of title information, our service is, in 1972, comprehensive enough to in- LIBRARY clude all types of libraries. To see how subscription service from Stechert-Hafner, Inc. can work for you, BINDING? write for our brochure. Library Binding is a special kind of binding developed primarily for STECHERT-HAFNER, INC. libraries, and includes the initial A CCM Company hardcover binding of periodicals, Serving libraries since 1872 the rebinding of used books and 31 East 10th Street. New York. N.Y. 10003 Branch offices and agents the pre-binding of new books - throughout the world SHA-lo, all in accordance with the LBI Telephone: 212-674-6210 Standard. By specifying low cost library binding for all your binding requirements, you can save thousands of dollars in your budget (amount de- pendent upon size of original budget) because each volume will LOW COST PERIODICAL withstand 100 or more circulations, AND PAMPHLET FILES over four times the number provided by a publisher's library edition. This new-found money can then be used to purchase new titles, thereby increasing the size of your collection without substantially increasing the budget. Write today for our free brochures and the name of your nearest Certified Library Binder. Iim Sturdy-A ttractive- Unique ~ibrar-ind;i.j7nstitute ALL SIZES SAME PRICE 180 State Street, Borton, Mau. 02100 FREE SAMPLE MAGAFILE sent upon request. You will receive it by return mail along with handy size-chart and additional details. No obligation or salesman follow-up. -&- BOOKSELLERS All branches of learning covered.

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Cosmetic Chemicals in the 1970's $95 Pigments and Dyestuffs in the 1970's $95 Elastomers and Rubber Chemicals $95 Synthetic Resin Coatings $75 Synthetic Resin Adhesives $75 Plastics Packaging and Containers $75 F.W. Faxon Company, the only Chrome Plated Plastics $75 fully automated library subscrip- Plastics vs. Metals $75 tion agency in the world, has an Passenger Car Developments $120 IBM 3701145 computer currently Automating Plastics Fabricating listing 48,222 periodicals for your Plants $120 library. Food Additives $95 Our 'ti1 forbidden service - the automatic annual renewal of Pharmaceuticals in the 1970's $95 your subscriptions - provides fast, Catalysts World Report $295 accurate, and efficient processing Polyolefins: World Report $295 of your orders and invoices. Petroleum vs. Coal: World Report $350 Send for free descriptive bro- 10% deduction for prepayment chure and annual librarians' guide. For additional data and to purchase re- Librarv business is our only ports write to: business - since 1886. - Margolis Industrial Services FiUR r w. mxon co.nc. 634 Wood Street 15 Southwest Park - Mamaroneck, New York 10543 Westwood, Massachusetts 02090 Tel: (800) 225-7694 (Toll Frm)

Coming soon . . . THE ONLY BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE VOLUME OF LEADING ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES Concise professional and personal sketches of U.S. and Canadian advertising executives Alphabetically arranged with cross- reference index by companies Special sections on the Advertising Hall of Fame and The Advertising Council All handsomely bound and easy to use . . . an indispensable daily reference volume for Special Libraries. ORDER NOW Special Library Price $24.50 In this past year we've in- (Plus $1.25 postage 81 handling) stalled a $100,000 computer system that offers you a totally new program P.O. Box 556, to simplify your bindery Rye, N.Y. 10580 preparation. We call it H.E.L.P.-Heckman's Elec- tronic Library Program. This program will simplify your work and actually cut your bindery preparation time by 113 to 112. New simplified forms give you a total and continuous recycling record of each publication at your fingertips. It's really revolution- ary. . . and it's from the originators of 28 day service. Ask your Heckman representative for H.E.L.P. Write or phone. Better yet, come and visit us. THE HECKMAN BINDERY, INCORPORATED NORTH MANCHESTER. IWO. 46962 Extremely high quality unit with high-resolution image. Big TELEPHONE (2l9) 982-2Wn 14x 14" screen for full-width viewing. Excellent light distribution. Built for constant use. Coated screen stops glare and reflections. Sensitive controls give fast, accurate focusing. Roll film and/or microfilm carriers for viewing 16mm or 35mm film. aperture cards, microfiche, 3" x 5" and 4" x 6" jacketed film. Send for free brochure.

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Technical Services, Department Head, Denver "Positions Open" and "Positions Wan'ed" ads are Public Library-Librarian IV classification. Ad- $1.50 per line; $4.50 minimum. Current members of minister a major department in Technical Serv- SLA may place a "Positions Wanted" ad at a special ices; select, train and supervise non-professional rate of $1.00 per line; $3.00 minimum. staff of 17. Coordinate work with other areas of Technical Services and with Public Services. In each membership year, each unemployed member Participate in overall planning, inter- and intra- will be allowed a maximum of two free "Positions departmental meetings and training. Reports to Wonted" ads, each ad to be limited to 5 lines in- Director of Technical Services. Requires an including mailing address (no blind box addresses), on dividual with excelle:lt ability to plan for and motivate o:hers with a willingness for diligence a space available basis. and a gift for detail work. Candidate should have some cataloging experience and at least There is a minimum charge of $10.00 for a "Market two years' supervisory experience. Place" ad of three lines or less; each additional line Monthly salary $908-$1,191. Starting salary is $3.00. There are approximately 45 characters and commensurate with experience and abilities. spaces to a line. Fringe benefits include paid vacation leave; paid sick leave: paid holidays; retirement program; Copy for display ads must be received by the first group insurance programs and salary merit re- of the month preceding the month of publication: copy view increases. Submit resume indicating salary earned in each previous position. All replies for line ads must be received by the tenth. confidential. Apply Personnel Officer, Denver Public Library, 1357 Broadway, Denver, Colo- Classified ads will not be accepted on a "run until rado 80203. cancelled" basis; twelve months is the maximum, un. less renewed. Head of Readers Services-Northern Illinois Special Libraries Associotion reserves the right to re- University, an equal opportunity employer, is ject any advertisements which in any way refer to searching for an experienced librarian with race. creed, color, age, or sex as conditions for em. creative imagination and enough flexibility to ployment. guide and supervise the following public service areas: Circulation (including Reserve, Shelving, Stack control and Guards); General and Sub- ject Reference (including Interlibrary Loan and Periodicals services); Government Documents, POSITIONS WANTED Archives, Faraday Science Library, Map Library, Southeast Asia collection, and Special Collec- tions including Rare Books and Manuscripts; Dir. Foundation Libr. Research Center & Mu- and the Division of Undergraduate Services (in- seum-10 yrs. exp. in development, administra. cluding the General Education Library, the tion; upgraded, selected, researched, classified Educational Materials Center, the Fouser Music materials; prepared interntl. exhibits. Desires Room, Library Orientation, and the Lorado business-related affiliation in NYC. Box C-173. Taft Field Campus Instructional Materials Cen- ter). This individual will be responsible for co- Man-MA, MALS, PhD, experienced, desires ordinating all public services in the University challenging position. Box D-187. Libraries, and for increasing cooperation between the technical departments and the pub- Librarian-BA, MSLS, four years' experience in lic service areas. In addition, this individual business library, also in technical and school li- must be involved in developing and maintain- braries. Seeks public service position in aca- ing meaningful relationships between students, demic or special library. Some teaching and/or faculty and the University Libraries. Minimum editorial responsibilities desired. Prefer Sorth- requirements include 5 years of administratively cast. Box D-189. oriented experience in public services in an academic library. Minimum Salary $16,320 for 12 month contract, Illinois Retirement Sy3tem Librarian-Veterinarian-BLS, DVM, seeks posi- benefits, academic status, one month vacation. tion in veterinary, medical or agricultural li- Applicants should write to George M. UI enonen, brary. Four years' reference experience in pub- Personnel Director, University Libraries, h'orth- lic and university libraries. Dr. L. G. Green, ern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois 60115. 3313 107 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta. Phone 474-1744. Information concerning the Employment Clearing- Library-Archivist-W'ith 16 years' expelience, house to be held at the 1972 Annual Conference in including supenision: reference, iconographer, Boston appeared in the March 1972 issue of Spe- cataloguer. MALS 8s MA in history. Publication credit. Seeks directorship of library or archi\e. cial Libraries. Box D-190. POSITIONS OPEN THE MARKET PLACE

Assistant Engineering Librarian-Purdue Uni- Back Issue Periodicals-Scientific, Technical, versity Libraries. Supervise libraries serving the Medical and Liberal Arts. Please submit want Schools of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical lists and lists of materials for sale or exchange. Engineering. Coordinate their activities with Prompt replies assured. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th other Engineering Schools' Libraries; work with k Brown Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 19123. the Libraries' central administration and Schools' Faculties in the management and operation of those libraries. Position involves collection de- Foreign Books and Periodicals-Specialty: Search velopment and assistance in the selection of Service. Albert J. Phiebig Inc., Box 352, White books, journals and reference works. Provides Plains, N.Y. 10602. reference and bibliographic service and maintains liaison with information sources and agen- Translation-Published patents and other tech- cies to meet the Schools' needs. MSLS from ALA accredited institutions; ex- nical publications from German, Dutch, Flem- perience in an engineering or technical library ish, French, Italian into English. Fast, confidential, accurate; $2.55/100 words English text. including a minimum of 2 years' library experi- 1515 Wilson ence. Salary range $10,500 to $12,000. Faculty Multi-Benefit Associates, Suite 908, status. 12 month appointment; annual vacation Blvd., Arlington, Virginia 22209. 22 working days. Apply to: Katherine M. Markee, Personnel Director, Purdue University Libraries, Directory of Spoken-Voice Audio-Cassettes-All Lafayette, Ind. 47907. fields, all topics. $5. Cassette Information Serv- An Equal Opportunity Employer ices, Box 17727, Los Angeles 90057.

Assistant Librarian - Southern Connecticut Chemical Company has a position available in INDEX TO ADVERTISERS its technical library. A degree and 3-5 years of experience in technical chemical library work Academic Media ...... Cover I11 are required. Starting salary to $9,200. Send BioSciences Information Services 13A resum6 to: Box D-188. . . An Equal Opportunity Employer M/F British Medical Journal ...... IA DuKane ...... 14~ Chief Librarian-Needed for library in news- F. W. Faxon Company, Inc...... 12A paper operation of 115,000 combined circulation. Serves southwestern Virginia area. Newspaper li- Gaylord Bros., Inc...... 10~ brary experience required for job with good The Heckman Bindery, Inc...... 14~ salary and excellent employee benefits. Send resume to Personnel Dept., Times-World Corp., The Highsmith Co., Inc...... 9A P.O. Box 2491, Roanoke, Va. 24010. The Hollinger Corporation ...... 2~ Institute for Scientific Reference Librarian-Answer reference ques- Information ...... Cover IV, SA tions, perform literature searches, prepare and Library Rinding Institute ll~ maintain special subject bibliographies in a com- ...... pany technical information center which serves The Magafile Co...... ll~ a centralized research and development activity. Margolis Industrial Services ...... 12~ Also supervise the verification and acquisition of books, government publications, photocopies, Microfilming Corporation of and inter-library loan material. Develop and America ...... 6~ coordinate increased usage of outside information services and participate in the operation National Journal ...... 7A and improvement of announcement and distribu- The New York Times ...... Cover I1 tion services. The salary is open depending on education and experience with the requirement Stechert-Hafner, Inc...... ll~ of a BS in science and an MSLS. Apply to: Mr. Swets & Zeitlinger N.V...... 12~ Cordon R. McPherson, Manager, Personnel Ad- ministration, Corning Glass Works, Sullivan United Nations Publications ..... 5A Park, Corning, New York 14830. Corning is an equal opportunity employer. Who's Who in Advertising ...... 14~ Which of these complete, new and vital information sources fills your needs Academic Media introduces 8 new titles for 1972 DIRECTORY OF ADVANCED TECH- NOLOGY COMPANIES 1972-1973 Com- prehensive guide to new technologies $39.50 DIRECTORY OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AND. ENVIRONMENTAL. . .. AC-"-'--iENL;lES source5ooK- to publlc and 11 private organizations, programs, objectives $39.50 DIRECTORY OF REG- ISTERED FEDERAL AND STATE LOB- BYISTS Legislative advocates $39.50 * ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS and SERVICES.. . Information. sources, services, aata DanKs, and more $67.50 OBITUARIES INDEX to the LONDON TIMES (1900-1971) Inter- &h- ..ht,..:.-.-l national sourcebook to over 120,000 In UIC PIIYJI-I, I:'eIII and social science well-known ~eo~le$49.50 WORLD $895.00. DIRECTORY' OF COMPUTER COM- PANIES 1972-1973 New 2nd Edition, comprehensive international directory ANNUAL REGISTER OF GRANT SUP- $34.50 * WORLDWIDE DIRECTORY OF PORT Authorative sourcebook on Grant FEDERAL LIBRARIES Libraries, per- Support Programs $39.50 STAND- sonnel, collections, and size $25.00 * ARD EDUCATION ALMANAC Current SCIENCE RESEARCH IN PROGRESS educational facts and statistics $25.00 1972-1973 12 volumes, over 7000 pages 0 YEARBOOK OF HIGHER EDUCA- of current in-progress research projects TION World of Higher Educatlon $39.50. Mail coupon today for full details on books and on the multi-volume discount price savings of up to 23% ! r------1 Academic Media, Dept. (SL) 32 Lincoln Ave., Orange, N.J. 07050 Please send information on your publications. I understand there is no cost or obligation.

Nme I I Title Organization I I Address i I City State Zip i I Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices

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Gazzelta Chlmca llallana Fern 101 12) 129 38 119111 Cnem8rhe Berlchle Telranedron Letters a - XI51 1513 9 I19111 (201 1711 20 119111

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