Attachment B
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Prospects for Biological Control of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia in Europe: Learning from the Past
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00879.x Prospects for biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe: learning from the past EGERBER*,USCHAFFNER*,AGASSMANN*,HLHINZ*,MSEIER & HMU¨ LLER-SCHA¨ RERà *CABI Europe-Switzerland, Dele´mont, Switzerland, CABI Europe-UK, Egham, Surrey, UK, and àDepartment of Biology, Unit of Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Received 18 November 2010 Revised version accepted 16 June 2011 Subject Editor: Paul Hatcher, Reading, UK management approach. Two fungal pathogens have Summary been reported to adversely impact A. artemisiifolia in the The recent invasion by Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common introduced range, but their biology makes them unsuit- ragweed) has, like no other plant, raised the awareness able for mass production and application as a myco- of invasive plants in Europe. The main concerns herbicide. In the native range of A. artemisiifolia, on the regarding this plant are that it produces a large amount other hand, a number of herbivores and pathogens of highly allergenic pollen that causes high rates of associated with this plant have a very narrow host range sensitisation among humans, but also A. artemisiifolia is and reduce pollen and seed production, the stage most increasingly becoming a major weed in agriculture. sensitive for long-term population management of this Recently, chemical and mechanical control methods winter annual. We discuss and propose a prioritisation have been developed and partially implemented in of these biological control candidates for a classical or Europe, but sustainable control strategies to mitigate inundative biological control approach against its spread into areas not yet invaded and to reduce its A. -
Biological Control of Two Ageratina Species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa
Biological control of two Ageratina species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa F. Heystek1*, A.R. Wood2, S. Neser1 & Y. Kistensamy1 1Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, 0121 South Africa 2Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), originally from Mexico, are invasive in many countries. These plants produce thousands of wind- and water-dispersed seeds which enable them to spread rapidly and invade stream banks and moist habitats in areas with high rainfall. Two biological control agents, a shoot-galling fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone (Diptera: Tephri- tidae), and a leaf-spot fungus, Passalora ageratinae Crous & A.R. Wood (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae), were introduced against A. adenophora in South Africa in 1984 and 1987, respectively. Both established but their impact is considered insufficient. Exploratory trips to Mexico between 2007 and 2009 to search for additional agents on A. adenophora produced a gregarious leaf-feeding moth, Lophoceramica sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a stem-boring moth, probably Eugnosta medioxima (Razowski) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leaf-mining beetle, Pentispa fairmairei (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), and a leaf-rust, Baeodromus eupatorii (Arthur) Arthur (Pucciniales: Pucciniosiraceae) all of which have been subjected to preliminary investigations. Following its success in Hawaii, the white smut fungus, Entyloma ageratinae R.W. Barreto & H.C. Evans (Entylomatales: Entylomataceae), was introduced in 1989 to South Africa against A. riparia. Its impact has not been evaluated since its establishment in 1990 in South Africa. By 2009, however, A. -
Perennial Ragweed: State Prohibited Weed LC0286
February 1998 Perennial ragweed: LC0286 State Prohibited Weed ISSN 1329-833X Keith Turnbull Research Institute, Frankston Common Name robust, creeping, lateral roots develop buds that form new plants. Perennial ragweed Botanical Name Life Cycle Root buds and seeds both shoot and produce new plants in Ambrosia psilostachya DC. autumn. During winter and spring masses of creeping Status perennial roots are produced. Flowering stems are formed in spring, prior to flowering from mid summer through to Perennial ragweed is one of only fourteen weeds autumn. Top growth normally would die off in late summer proclaimed as State prohibited weeds in Victoria. This is to early autumn. the highest category to which a noxious weed can be allocated. Known infestations have been eradicated from the State. Origin Perennial ragweed is native to western North America from Mexico to Canada and is considered a weed in North and South America, Europe, western Asia, Japan and Mauritius. In Australia it was first recorded as naturalised in 1922. Description An upright perennial herb growing to a height of 30 to 150 cm. Plants branch near the base and have a number of main stems . Stems - hairy, branched in the upper half, becoming Figure 1. Perennial ragweed. woody at the base. Many branches are terminated with long, spike-like male flowerheads. Leaves - grey-green, hairy, deeply lobed, 5 to 12 cm long, Dispersal shortly stalked, with aromatic glands. Lower leaves grow An infestation of perennial ragweed will increase in size directly opposite each other while upper leaves are spaced and density as new plants develop from lateral roots. -
Development of in Vitro Multiplication Method For
AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 9, Number 2, 2020 CONCLUSIONS (2016b). Effects of salt stress on three ecologically ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 distinct Plantago species. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0160236. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160236. Halophytic species present in littoral salt Apel, K., Hirt, H. (2004). Reactive oxygen species: DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION METHOD marshes of the Mediterranean Spanish coast are metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. FOR Bidens pilosa L. well adapted to the harsh conditions of their Annual Review of Plant Biology, 55, 373-399. natural habitat and the extreme seasonal Boscaiu, M., Naranjo, M., Vicente, O. (2018). Strategies Lydie VUGUZIGA1, Oana LIVADARIU1, Narcisa BĂBEANU1, Paola ANGELINI2, oscillations in soil salinity and humidity. This to increase crop yields in a climate change scenario. Florentina MATEI1 Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, 22, 15- adaptation is achieved mainly through the 20. 1 control of ion transport and maintenance of Buchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W., Jones, R.L. (2000). University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of osmotic balance by the accumulation of organic Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. Biotechnology, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, Romania and inorganic osmolytes. Besides, these species American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, 2 University of Perugia, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, appear to possess built-in mechanisms that will MD., USA. Via del Giochetto, 06123, Perugia, Italy Fita, A., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., Boscaiu, M., Prohens, allow them surviving the potential exacerbation J., Vicente, O. (2015). Breeding and domesticating Corresponding author email: [email protected] of environmental stress factors as a crops adapted to drought and salinity: a new consequence of climate change. -
Morphological and Anatomical Study of Bidens Pilosa Var.Pdf (440.3
1 Morphological and Anatomical Study of Bidens pilosa var. minor (Blume.) Sher. From Tribe Heliantheae Dr Ngu Wah Win1 & Min Htay Wai Linn2 Abstract In this research, morphology and anatomy of Bidens pilosa var. minor (Blume) Sher. of tribe Heliantheae belonging to the family Asteraceae were studied, photomicrographed and described. The plant is annual erect herb. Leaves are trifoliolate compound and the florets of rays and disc in a head are bisexual and monoecious heads are also found. In anatomical characters, although endodermis are inconspicuous only in roots, it is conspicuous in stem and root. The stomata types are anomocytic and vascular bundles are bicollateral, open and covered by one-layer of bundle sheath. The resulting characters are valuable for the identification of study species for further researchers. Key words – Asteraceae, endodermis, vascular bundles, bicollateral Introduction Asteraceae also called Sunflower family is one of the most important economic family and the second largest of flowering plant families. It consists of several tribes. Its flowers have two types of florets. Disc florets are in the center of head and ray florets in the outer. Many plants of Asteraceae family are economically important as weed, ornamentals, medicinal, green vegetables and poisonus plants. Commercially the flowers of this Asteraceae family are very famous of their colourful florets and beautiful petals. Several plants of this family are commonly cultivated for ornamental purpose in the gardens plots and field. The studied species of this Asteraceae family are native of America, Africa, India and all warmer countries (Grierson 1980). The study species is widely distributed in Pyin Oo Lwin of Mandalay Region. -
The Vascular Flora of the Upper Santa Ana River Watershed, San Bernardino Mountains, California
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281748553 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER WATERSHED, SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA Article · January 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 28 6 authors, including: Naomi S. Fraga Thomas Stoughton Rancho Santa Ana B… Plymouth State Univ… 8 PUBLICATIONS 14 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Thomas Stoughton Retrieved on: 24 November 2016 Crossosoma 37(1&2), 2011 9 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER WATERSHED, SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA Naomi S. Fraga, LeRoy Gross, Duncan Bell, Orlando Mistretta, Justin Wood1, and Tommy Stoughton Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Avenue Claremont, California 91711 1Aspen Environmental Group, 201 North First Avenue, Suite 102, Upland, California 91786 [email protected] All Photos by Naomi S. Fraga ABSTRACT: We present an annotated catalogue of the vascular flora of the upper Santa Ana River watershed, in the southern San Bernardino Mountains, in southern California. The catalogue is based on a floristic study, undertaken from 2008 to 2010. Approximately 65 team days were spent in the field and over 5,000 collections were made over the course of the study. The study area is ca. 155 km2 in area (40,000 ac) and ranges in elevation from 1402 m to 3033 m. The study area is botanically diverse with more than 750 taxa documented, including 56 taxa of conservation concern and 81 non-native taxa. Vegetation and habitat types in the area include chaparral, evergreen oak forest and woodland, riparian forest, coniferous forest, montane meadow, and pebble plain habitats. -
Adenostoma Fasciculatum Profile to Postv2.Xlsx
I. SPECIES Adenostoma fasciculatum Hooker & Arnott NRCS CODE: ADFA Family: Rosaceae A. f. var. obtusifolium, Ron A. f. var. fasciculatum., Riverside Co., A. Montalvo, RCRCD Vanderhoff (Creative Order: Rosales Commons CC) Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida A. Subspecific taxa 1. Adenostoma fasciculatum var. fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. 1. ADFAF 2. A. f. var. obusifolium S. Watson 2. ADFAO 3. A. f. var. prostratum Dunkle 3. (no NRCS code) B. Synonyms 1. A. f. var. densifolium Eastw. 2. A. brevifolium Nutt. 3. none. Formerly included as part of A. f. var. f. C. Common name 1. chamise, common chamise, California greasewood, greasewood, chamiso (Painter 2016) 2. San Diego chamise (Calflora 2016) 3. prostrate chamise (Calflora 2016) Phylogenetic studies using molecular sequence data placedAdenostoma closest to Chamaebatiaria and D. Taxonomic relationships Sorbaria (Morgan et al. 1994, Potter et al. 2007) and suggest tentative placement in subfamily Spiraeoideae, tribe Sorbarieae (Potter et al. 2007). E. Related taxa in region Adenostoma sparsifolium Torrey, known as ribbon-wood or red-shanks is the only other species of Adenostoma in California. It is a much taller, erect to spreading shrub of chaparral vegetation, often 2–6 m tall and has a more restricted distribution than A. fasciculatum. It occurs from San Luis Obispo Co. south into Baja California. Red-shanks produces longer, linear leaves on slender long shoots rather than having leaves clustered on short shoots (lacks "fascicled" leaves). Its bark is cinnamon-colored and in papery layers that sheds in long ribbons. F. Taxonomic issues The Jepson eFlora and the FNA recognize A. f. var. prostratum but the taxon is not recognized by USDA PLANTS (2016). -
Ceanothus Crassifolius Torrey NRCS CODE: Family: Rhamnaceae (CECR) Order: Rhamnales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida
I. SPECIES Ceanothus crassifolius Torrey NRCS CODE: Family: Rhamnaceae (CECR) Order: Rhamnales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida Lower right: Ripening fruits, two already dehisced. Lower center: Longitudinal channeling in stems of old specimen, typical of obligate seeding Ceanothus (>25 yr since last fire). Note dark hypanthium in center of white flowers. Photos by A. Montalvo. A. Subspecific taxa 1. C. crassifolius Torr. var. crassifolius 2. C. crassifolius Torr. var. planus Abrams (there is no NRCS code for this taxon) B. Synonyms 1. C. verrucosus Nuttal var. crassifolius K. Brandegee (Munz & Keck 1968; Burge et al. 2013) 2. C. crassifolius (in part, USDA PLANTS 2019) C. Common name 1. hoaryleaf ceanothus, sometimes called thickleaf ceanothus or thickleaf wild lilac (Painter 2016) 2. same as above; flat-leaf hoary ceanothus and flat-leaf snowball ceanothus are applied to other taxa (Painter 2016) D. Taxonomic relationships Ceanothus is a diverse genus with over 50 taxa that cluster in to two subgenera. C. crassifolius has long been recognized as part of the Cerastes group of Ceanothus based on morphology, life-history, and crossing studies (McMinn 1939a, Nobs 1963). In phylogenetic analyses based on RNA and chloroplast DNA, Hardig et al. (2000) found C. crassifolius clustered into the Cerastes group and in each analysis shared a clade with C. ophiochilus. In molecular and morphological analyses, Burge et al. (2011) also found C. crassifolius clustered into Cerastes. Cerastes included over 20 taxa and numerous subtaxa in both studies. Eight Cerastes taxa occur in southern California (see I. E. Related taxa in region). E. Related taxa in region In southern California, the related Cerastes taxa include: C. -
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia As a Potential Resource for Management of Golden
Research Article Received: 28 June 2017 Revised: 22 October 2017 Accepted article published: 17 November 2017 Published online in Wiley Online Library: 16 January 2018 (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/ps.4792 Ambrosia artemisiifolia as a potential resource for management of golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) Wenbing Ding,a,b Rui Huang,a,c Zhongshi Zhou,d Hualiang Hea and Youzhi Lia,b* Abstract BACKGROUND: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, an invasive weed in Europe and Asia, is highly toxic to the golden apple snail (GAS; Pomacea canaliculata) in laboratory tests. However, little is known about the chemical components of A. artemisiifolia associated with the molluscicidal activity or about its potential application for GAS control in rice fields. This study evaluated the molluscicidal activities of powders, methanol extracts, and individual compounds from A. artemisiifolia against GAS in rice fields and under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: Ambrosia artemisiifolia powders did not negatively affect the growth and development of rice but they reduced damage to rice caused by GAS. Extracts had moderate acute toxicity but potent chronic toxicity. The 24-h 50% lethal –1 concentration (LC50) of the extracts against GAS was 194.0 mg L , while the weights, lengths and widths of GAS were significantly affected by exposure to a sublethal concentration (100 mg/mL). Psilostachyin, psilostachyin B, and axillaxin were identified as the most active molluscicide components in the aerial parts of A. artemisiifolia,andthe24-hLC50 values of these purified compounds were 15.9, 27.0, and 97.0 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that chemical compounds produced by A. artemisiifolia may be useful for population management of GAS in rice fields. -
Ventura County Planning Division 2018 Locally Important Plant List
Ventura County Planning Division 2018 Locally Important Plant List Number of Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Federal/State Status Occurrences in Source Ventura County Abronia turbinata Torr. ex S. Consortium of California Turbinate Sand-verbena A/PH Nyctaginaceae 2 Watson Herbaria Acanthoscyphus parishii var. abramsii (E.A. McGregor) Consortium of California Abrams' Oxytheca AH Polygonaceae CRPR 1B.2 4-5 Reveal [synonym: Oxytheca Herbaria parishii var. abramsii] Acanthoscyphus parishii Consortium of California Parish Oxytheca AH Polygonaceae CRPR 4.2 1 (Parry) Small var. parishii Herbaria Acmispon glaber var. Consortium of California brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet Short Deerweed PH Fabaceae 1 Herbaria Acmispon heermannii Heermann Lotus or Consortium of California (Durand & Hilg.) Brouillet var. PH Fabaceae 4 Hosackia Herbaria heermannii Acmispon heermannii var. Roundleaf Heermann Consortium of California PH Fabaceae 1 orbicularis (A. Gray) Brouillet Lotus or Hosackia Herbaria Acmispon junceus (Bentham) Consortium of California Rush Hosackia AH Fabaceae 2 Brouillet var. junceus Herbaria 1 Locally Important Plant List- Dec. 2018 Number of Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Federal/State Status Occurrences in Source Ventura County Acmispon micranthus (Torrey Consortium of California Grab Hosackia or Lotus AH Fabaceae 3 & A. Gray) Brouillet Herbaria Acmispon parviflorus Consortium of California Tiny Lotus AH Fabaceae 2 (Bentham) D.D. Sokoloff Herbaria Consortium of California Agrostis hallii Vasey Hall's Bentgrass PG Poaceae 1 Herbaria Common or Broadleaf Consortium of California Alisma plantago-aquaticum L. PH Alismataceae 4 Water-plantain Herbaria Consortium of California Allium amplectens Torrey Narrowleaf Onion PG Alliaceae 1 Herbaria Allium denticulatum (Traub) Consortium of California Dentate Fringed Onion PG Alliaceae 1 D. -
Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO. -
Ha'iwale Cyrtandra Polyantha
No Photo Available Plants Ha‘iwale Cyrtandra polyantha SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species IUCN Red List Ranking ‐ CR B1ab(iii); C2a(i) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism – O‘ahu Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Cyrtandra polyantha, a member of the African violet family, is an unbranched or few‐branched shrub 3 to 10 ft (1 to 3 m) in height. Its leathery, elliptic, unequal leaves are 2 to 6.3 in (5 to 16 cm) long and 0.7 to 2 in (1.8 to 5.2 cm) wide and attached oppositely along the stems. The upper surface of the leaf is conspicuously wrinkled and usually hairless, with the lower surface moderately to densely covered with pale brown hairs. Seven to 12 flowers are grouped in branched clusters in the leaf axils. The white petals, fused to form a cylindrical tube about 0.5 in (12 mm) long, emerge from a radically symmetrical calyx, 0.2 in (5 mm) long, that is cleft from one‐half to two‐thirds its length. Each calyx lobe, narrowly triangular in shape, is sparsely hairy on the outside and hairless within. The fruits are white oval berries about 0.6 in (1.8 cm) long that contain many seeds about 0.02 in (0.5 mm) long. Cyrtandra polyantha is distinguished from other species in the genus by the texture and hairiness of the leaf surfaces and the length, shape, and degree of cleft of the calyx. This species differs from C. crenota by the lack of short‐stalked glands and by its leathery leaves, opposite leaf arrangement, and radially symmetrical calyx.