Prologue 1 on a Seasonally Chilly: the Description of Fraser Robinson III’S Job Is from Records Provided by the City of Chicago’S Department of Human Resources
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notes prologue 1 On a seasonally chilly: the description of Fraser robinson iii’s job is from records provided by the city of chicago’s Department of human resources. 2 In the coastal community: Details on Georgetown county were pro- vided by Walter edgar, Director of the institute for Southern Studies at the university of South carolina, July 24, 2008. the first Fraser robinson’s military registration says that he was a kiln laborer for the Atlantic coast Lumber company and had lost his left arm. 2 Some members of the Robinson: An estimate of when Fraser robinson ii moved to chicago is based on his marriage license, which says he married in cook county in 1934. 2 The Great Migration was: this description of the Great Migration and its impact on chicago draws on comments by Don rose and also was sourced by the online encyclopedia of chicago, compiled by the chicago history Museum and available at www.encyclopedia .chicagohistory.org. See the entries “South Side” by Dominic A. Pacyga, “Great Migration” by James Grossman, and “African Americans” by christopher Manning. 7 She once remarked: Debra Pickett, “My Parents Weren’t college- educated Folks, so they Didn’t have a notion of What We Should Want,” Chicago SunTimes, September 19, 2004. 7 Michelle Obama estimated: Monica Langley, “Michelle obama Solidifies her role in the election,” The Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2008. 8 “Who is Barack Obama”: Scott helman, “Michelle obama revels in Family role,” The Boston Globe, october 28, 2007. 9 “If he cares half as much”: Jennifer Loven, “obama and Family Spend Fourth of July in Montana,” Associated Press, July 4, 2008. 201 28301 Michelle_text.indd 201 9/3/08 4:15:17 PM 202 notes 9 “He was raised in”: Mary Mitchell, “A Girl from the South Side talks,” Chicago SunTimes, August 5, 2007. 9 “Maybe one day, he”: Jodi Kantor and Jeff Zeleny, “Michelle obama Adds new role to Balancing Act,” The New York Times, May 18, 2007. 9 “The only thing I’m telling”: Suzanne Bell, “Michelle obama Speaks at illinois State u.,” The Daily Vidette, october 26, 2004. 10 “He was a smart guy”: M. charles Bakst, “Brown coach robinson a Strong Voice for Brother-in-Law obama,” The Providence Journal, May 20, 2007. 10 “that veil of impossibility”: richard Wolffe, “inside obama’s Dream Machine,” Newsweek, January 14, 2008. 12: “The life that I am talking about”: robin Abcarian, “Michelle obama in Spotlight’s Glare,” Los Angeles Times, February 21, 2008. 13 “You know why I know”: Kristen Gelineau, “Michelle obama: A Would-Be First Lady Drifts into rock-Star territory, tentatively,” Associated Press, March 29, 2008. 13 In April 2008, in Indiana: caren Bohan, “obama’s Wife Joins Push to court u.S. Working class,” reuters, May 1, 2008. 14 “Who in their right mind”: Mitchell, “A Girl From the South Side talks.” 14 One commentator astutely pointed out: Megan Garber, “the Sisterhood of the traveling Pantyhose,” Columbia Journalism Review online, June 19, 2008, http://www.cjr.org/campaign_desk/the_sisterhood_of_ the_travelin.php. 14 “I will walk anyone”: Michael Powell and Jodi Kantor, “After Attacks, Michelle obama Looks for a new introduction,” The New York Times, June 18, 2008. 15 Unlike her husband, who: David Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power (newYork: harpercollins, 2008), 62. During Barack obama’s “solitary spell” at columbia university, he read voraciously. 16 “in the black experience”: eugene Y. Lowe, interviewed by author, June 13, 2008. 17 “African Americans have far more”: ronald Walters, interviewed by au- thor, May 28, 2008. 18 “I really thought his election”: Meg hirshberg, interviewed by author, June 8, 2007. 28301 Michelle_text.indd 202 9/3/08 4:15:18 PM notes 203 one 20 “Deep down inside, I’m”: Gelineau, “Would-be First Lady Drifts.” 21 In fact, Barack Obama: Barack obama, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (new York: three rivers Press, 2004), 144–47. 21 Fraser Robinson was a volunteer: Scott Helman, “holding Down the obama Family Fort,” The Boston Globe, March 30, 2008. 22 The precinct captain kept: John Stroger, quoted in Milton L. rakove’s oral history of the Daley years, We Don’t Want Nobody Nobody Sent (Bloomington: indiana university Press, 1979), 175–78. James taylor, quoted on p. 163. 23 “massive incremental conspiracy”: Don rose, interviewed by author, May 29, 2008. 23 “Containing the Negro was”: Mike royko, Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago (new York: Dutton, 1971), 132. 23 “blacks could walk through”: royko, Boss, 135. 24 “As a rule, South Side”: royko, Boss, 135. 24 The way Daley preserved : Don rose, “chicago Politics from Daley-to- Daley: Stumbling toward reform,” Illinois Political Science Review, Spring 1995, vol. 1, no. 1, 13–21. 25 “Negroes were warned”: royko, 134. 25 “To get a city job”: Author interview with rose. 25 “We had some volunteers”: cliff Kelley, interviewed by author, July 26, 2008. 25 “He was [almost certainly]”: Leon Despres, interviewed by author, June 18, 2008. 26 “My father had M.S.”: Pete thamel, “coach with a Link to obama has hope for Brown’s Future,” New York Times, February 16, 2007. Barack obama describes Fraser robinson’s death in The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (new York: three rivers Press, 2006), 332. 27 “Some of [Michelle’s] subconscious”: Al Kindle, interviewed by author, May 30, 2007. 27 “We as a family”: craig robinson, interviewed by author, June 20, 2007. 28301 Michelle_text.indd 203 9/3/08 4:15:18 PM 204 notes two 29 Around 1970, according to: Michelle obama once remarked that her family moved into the house on euclid Avenue when she was a year old, but Marian robinson’s voting registration says they moved in 1970 from South Park. either way, it seems likely that six or seven is the age when she would have become aware of neighborhood dynamics. 30 One of Michelle’s friends: rosalind rossi, “obama’s Anchor,” Chicago Sun Times, January 21, 2007. 31 Both my kids were: harriette cole, “From a Mother’s eyes,” Ebony, September 2008. 32 Back when Chicago was: Details on South Shore are drawn from con- versations with Abner Mikva and Don rose, from the encyclo- pedia of chicago’s entry “South Shore” by Wallace Best, and from the Local Community Fact Book: Chicago Metropolitan Area: Based on the 1970 and 1980 Censuses, edited by the chicago Fact Book consortium (chi- cago: chicago review Press, 1984), 116–18. 32 “Chicago still works better”: Abner Mikva, interviewed by author, May 20, 2008. 32 “All my life—I was born”: Arthur Brazier, interviewed by author, June 10, 2008. 32 “There were racial boundaries”: Byron Brazier, interviewed by author, June 10, 2008. 33 “I can remember when”: Stephan Garnett, interviewed by author, June 17, 2008. 34 “We wanted to bring up”: Sel Yackley, “South Shore—integration Since 1955,” Chicago Tribune, April 9, 1967. 35 “Whites and Negroes in South Shore”: “interracial home Visits Will Begin Dec. 12,” South Shore Scene, December 1965. 36 “If you’ll show me”: Steve Kerch, “South Shore: country club Symbol- izes rebirth of neighborhood,” Chicago Tribune, november 25, 1984. 36 Her brother, Craig, would: Bill reynolds, “Yes, he’s Much More than obama’s Brother-in-Law,” The Providence Journal, February 10, 2008. 37 “That always seemed so unfair”: Bakst, “Brown coach robinson.” 37 “When you grow up”: Peter Slevin, “her heart’s in the race,” The Wash ington Post, november 28, 2007. 37 “The academic part came”: Desmond conner, “coach has own cam- paign,” Hartford Courant, February 28, 2008. 28301 Michelle_text.indd 204 9/3/08 4:15:18 PM notes 205 37 “smart, he was hardworking”: Bakst, “Brown coach robinson.” 37 “It’s difficult to miss”: Jesse Jackson, Sr., interviewed by author, June 12, 2008. 37 In 1968, the area: Author interview with Kindle. 37 Stephan Garnett recalls attending: Author interview with Garnett. 38 “My mom and dad were”: terrance thompson, interviewed by author, June 18, 2008. 39 Earma Thompson remembers: earma thompson, interviewed by author, June 18, 2008. 39 “Basically everybody else here”: ola credit, interviewed by author, June 18, 2008. 39 “Oftentimes blacks moved”: Author interview with Jesse Jackson. 40 “My kids were glad to”: Sammie Jackson, interviewed by author, June 18, 2008. 40 “When you grow up”: Author interview with Garnett. 40 “We learned from the best”: christi Parsons, Bruce Japsen, and Bob Secter, “Barack’s rock,” Chicago Tribune, April 22, 2007. 41 “lots of aunts, uncles”: Pickett, “My Parents Weren’t college-educated Folks.” 41 “very personable, and down”: Johnie Kolheim, interviewed by author, May 8, 2008. 41 “I always say Michelle”: cassandra West, “Her Plan Went Awry, but Mi- chelle Obama Doesn’t Mind,” Chicago Tribune, September 1, 2004. 41 “She always had poise”: Author interview with credit. 42 “If the TV broke”: this quote, and the details about board games and summer vacations, are from Lauren collins, “the other obama: Michelle obama and the Politics of candor,” The New Yorker, March 10, 2008, 88; Barack obama compares Michelle’s family to the one on Leave it to Beaver in The Audacity of Hope, 330; Michelle’s com- ment is in Wolffe, “Barack’s rock,” Newsweek, February 25, 2008. 42 “You’re not raised on”: Author interview with Garnett. 43 “What I learned growing up”: Pickett, “My Parents Weren’t college- educated Folks.” 44 “We have become a nation”: collins, “the other obama.” 45 “The summer of 1963”: Author interview with rose. 28301 Michelle_text.indd 205 9/3/08 4:15:19 PM 206 notes three 48 “It was just spontaneous”: christy Mcnulty niezgodzki, interviewed by author, June 3, 2008.