DOCSLIB.ORG

The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY F8V * THE CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE BY STANLEY BLACK FRACKER A. B. Buena Vista College, 1910 M. S. Iowa State College, 1912 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1914 t FS4- UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL May 16 th 1904 1 HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Stanley Black Fr acker, A. E., M. S. ENTITLED The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy In Charg^of Major Work (J Head of Department Recommendation concurred in: Committee Q ) Final Examira ( (f^&^A^&yviS 884567 UlUC CONTENTS Acknowledgments - 3 • • PAPT ON F . THE HOMOLOGY Ui THE SET^i,. - . i r*r1'nf»thiOyi — 5 XT • Xi.1T>n't"Tv X UUU UXwli. — .lib tUI llul 6 Th p nhppto taxv of a t w i c a 1 s e rn e n t - 10 11 1 9 u Ltl C \J X C V iuuuuw ™ 1 "Hp -P-? ni "hi ona — - 11 - cP > Tiij_/XJ__iL/UXv>i.c<o-f-f'T pill "hi P^s - - 13 3a Cormarative InatOTHV - ~ 14 4. Onto^env - - — 16 — •J^ -• Vr>V C- riX X pCv tiu 1 UI1on — — 20 — . Y>"n1 i o"P A. 21 XT TX -XT • XJLA J vUnn tiOX Ullnn WX "hhpwllv \JevifieriC6V J. X\s \s 1 . Amplication of 'nr incinles 21 P. ('Vim' r»a nf n no^encl ature - 23 TV. Sftiifll ATTflrifpipnt in the ^TinciDc1 1 surjerfanilies - - - 26 Ttl CTO f-f) p _ _ — 27 Ofc • £1J,Q Q IHO UUJ. 27 Vl . Tifl "t"P 7* 1 nq +-,q yo _ _ 29 <"1 o*p p. (^nriplj iipi , "Pvrtm P ^ f".l 1 0"f Til tfi.fi jUilvlU01wUunn 1. 1 W . 1 C*< u UUU.^v \J — J 1*>>C- uc«v 35 ?« TTypvip 4-p p _ _ _ 36 V» ^rinarv and siAhnrinarv setre - - 39 Alpha, 40; leta, 41; Garama , 41; Delta, 42; Epsilon, 4E; P.ho , 43; Theta, 44; Zappa, 45; Eta, 45; Pi, 46; Mu, 49; Si^ma, 50; Tan, 50. VI. General conclusions 50 . , ^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/classificationofOOfrac_0 PAET TWO. SYSTEMATIC OUTLINE OF FAMILIES AMD GEiUSRA. I. Introduction - II. Characters used - Head parts, 57; Armature of the body, Spiracles, 61; Prolers, 61; other structures, 64. III. Classification - Analytical table of families Suborder Jugatae Super family Mieropterygoidea Suborder Frenatae I.icrolepidoptera Tineoid series Superfamily Pyralidoidea Superfamily Zygaenoi&ae Ilacroheterocera Superfamily Bombycoidea Superfamily Saturnioidea Superfamily Sphingoid ea Rhopalocera - IV. Glossary - V. Explanation of plates VI. Bibliography VII. Plates - . ACMOWIJfiDGMBJJTS The subject of this paper was suggested by Professor Alexander D. MacGillivray in the fall of 1912«*. During the two yearf since that time the writer has "become more and more con- vinced of tiie necessity for and value of taxonomic studies of immature insects. Vhile a classification based on larvae would doubtless include as serious mistakes as one in which only the adults were considered, combining the t.vo methods results in the elimination of a great many errors. In addition to this purely scientific ideal, the demand of students and economic entomolo- gists for some means of identifying larvae without rearing them has acted as an even stronger incentive to persistent effort. The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation of the suggestions and criticisms of Professor MacGillivray through- out the preparation of the paper and of the inspiration which has come from association with him. The authorities of the Univer- sity of Illinois have, through liberal appropriation, made pos- sible the purchase of material from Dr. 0. Staudinger & A. Bang- Haas of Dresden, from the Xny-Scheerer Company, from the 7/ard Natural Science Establishment, and from Mr. 7ra. Beutenmuller They have alto enabled the writer to study for several months at T the United States national I useum % where the series of lepidopter ous larvae is probably the most extensive in the world. For se- curing this assistance, for continuous encouragement, and for placing at our disposal the material of the Illinois State Labor- atory of Natural History, Professor Stephen A. Forbes deserves our hearty thanks. Grateful acknowledgments are due Dr. L. 0. Howard for his courtesy in granting use of the entomological 4 collections of the National Museum. To Dr. Harrison 5* Dyar, Mr. Aurust Busck, and Mr. Carl leinrich, the writer^ is indebted for numerous suggestions and for making these collections acces sible and useful. 5 PARI uliK . THjj HOMOLOGY THE SETAE . r T I. Ix.x ..ODUCTIOiv . One of the moat serious difficulties la the path of scientific progress is the lcck of i mean, of expression com- non to all the .vorkers in a single field. ..hen a particular term means one thing to one scientist and something el. e to another no amount of learning will make the opinions of these mma intellirible to each other until they under; tand the dif- ference. In human anatomy, the large number of vorkers, the excellent figures, and the antiquity and narrow limits of the subject have to a large extent remove c this confusion hut in other fields of "biology the mistakes it causes are still ap- parent. This is true in entomology and very noticeahly so in the study of larvae. The various systems of numerals which have been ap- plied to the setal arrangement of lepidopterous larvae are all baset on the simple plan of numbering the setae from the dorsomeson. Except in the most conspicuous eases, little lonsideration is taken of the relations of t .e different seg- ments to each other. Several authors have already introduced confusion by allying the numbers in a slightly different way from that first sur;estec but no careful investigation has been made of the real relations of the larval chaetotaxy of one group to that of another. Realizing the conflicts in the application of the 6 minerals now in use and the nature of the objections to thern, the writer began the study of caterpillar! with an investi- gation of the homology ancl honotypy of the setae. The ob- ject of the former was a determination of the changes which have taken pla.ce in the ancestral history of any particular body eegme it, such as the prothorax, and the application of a given name to the same structure throughout the entire or- der. The study of the latter, homotypy , .vas taken ur> for the purpose of finding the relation of the setal pattern of the different body segments to each other, in the hope of airily in? the same name to the same structure throughout the entire body. All the se-ments behind, but not including, the head were studied and satisfactory results were obtained for all ereerit the tentn or last abdo^i ml segment. It if intended that the figures, dec cri^t ions , and definitions shall make every statement in this par>er abso- lutely definite ancl that they shall be ;_o clear that a novice may be able to make a complete description of a catemillar without the possibility of confusion as to his meaning. New species and new ins tars should be described in a manner which will make like specimens recognisable in the future without repeating the breeding. 2uch co-g^letc descriptions in t::e published records are very few at the present time. His torical . The number of na^ers bearing on this -oroblem is by no means sraall and yet the contributions to its solution have been surprisingly slight. The first worker to find and des- f 3 c - 7 cribe a primary plan of the setae of caterpillars was Vilheln Miller, '86, in a paper on the i^ym^halidae . After diseussin the arrangement in the first sta.^e of these butterfly larvae, he says, "We find in the first stae, on the abdomen of all forms considered, certain set- e. Tho of many different form their constant arrangement sho vs then to he homologous. ,7e call these setae primary. " Doubt aj to the similarity between the mesothorax and raetathorax and the abdomen seems to be out of the question." In an appendix, brief notes on the chaetotaxy of the larvae of other families of Le^idoptera are given. Careful comparison is made between the Batumi oidea and tl e Sphingidae. Dr. Harrison 3. Dyar did not fine this paper and in 1894 again discussed the subject as new and numbered the pri- mary setae. So far as I kno.v, this author makes the first suggestion that the position of the setae be used in classi- fication. Sis observations included a few representatives of many families and his phylogen:; as based on them is remark- ably good. lie also numbers the metathoracio setae but makes no attempt to shov that the seta bearing a certain number on • te abdomen is homologous to one bearing the same number on the thorax. He, himself, realized that the met,; thoraci TT tubercles'' ia-|-ib and iia-j-iib , were not the homotynes of the abdominal setae, i and ii, anc in 1931 made a definite state- ment to that effect. This discussion, therefore cannot be f considered a contribution to the study of horaotypy* In another paper the following year the same author 6 reported observa tiom on the first stares of many larvae, finding that they differed considerably fro-, following staget- By these observations he established the primary arrange merit o:' the setae on the abdomen and demonstrated its uniformity throughout a preat part of the order.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SYSTEMATICS of the MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of T
    SYSTEMATICS OF THE MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sibyl Rae Bucheli, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Daniel Herms Dr. Hans Klompen _________________________________ Dr. Steven C. Passoa Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology ABSTRACT The phylogenetics, systematics, taxonomy, and biology of Gelechioidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) are investigated. This superfamily is probably the second largest in all of Lepidoptera, and it remains one of the least well known. Taxonomy of Gelechioidea has been unstable historically, and definitions vary at the family and subfamily levels. In Chapters Two and Three, I review the taxonomy of Gelechioidea and characters that have been important, with attention to what characters or terms were used by different authors. I revise the coding of characters that are already in the literature, and provide new data as well. Chapter Four provides the first phylogenetic analysis of Gelechioidea to include molecular data. I combine novel DNA sequence data from Cytochrome oxidase I and II with morphological matrices for exemplar species. The results challenge current concepts of Gelechioidea, suggesting that traditional morphological characters that have united taxa may not be homologous structures and are in need of further investigation. Resolution of this problem will require more detailed analysis and more thorough characterization of certain lineages. To begin this task, I conduct in Chapter Five an in- depth study of morphological evolution, host-plant selection, and geographical distribution of a medium-sized genus Depressaria Haworth (Depressariinae), larvae of ii which generally feed on plants in the families Asteraceae and Apiaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Bayle-Barelle 1808) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Stapfia Jahr/Year: 1998 Band/Volume: 0055 Autor(en)/Author(s): Tarmann Gerhard Michael Artikel/Article: Die Weinzygaene Theresimima ampellophaga (Bayle-Barelle 1808) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae). Kehrt ein verschwundener Weinschädling zurück? 57-84 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Stapfia 55 57-84 11. September 1998 Die Weinzygaene Theresimima ampellophaga (BAYLE-BARELLE 1808) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae) Kehrt ein verschwundener Weinschädling zurück?* Gerhard M. TARMANN Abstract: The Vine Bud Moth or European Grapeleaf Skeletonizer Theresimima ampellophaga (BAYLE-BARELLE 1808) - reappearence of a vine pest? The Vine Bud Moth or European Grapleaf Skeletonizer Theresimima ampellophaga (BAYLE- BARELLE 1808) was thought to be under control for many years. The last harmful infestations are recorded from Hungary in 1954 (ISSEKUTZ 1957a, 1957b). Only a few records are known from later years. A possible reason for the decline of populations may be found in more effective use of pesticide and insecticide. In 1990 Th. ampellophaga was rediscovered on Crimea (Ukraine) after almost 50 years of absence (EFETOV 1990b). For the first time the larvae were found on decorative vines (Parthenocissus). Between 1990 and 1997 the Vine Bud Moth spread all over southern Crimea and has developed very strong populations. This fact leads to the conclusion that neighbouring countries might be in immediate danger. The present paper gives an overview about historical and recent observations of Th. ampellophaga with special emphasis to the situation on Crimea. Pheromone recognition and pest control methods are mentioned. The systematic position and the historical and recent geographical distributions are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Correspondence Between Ecomorphotype and Use of Arthropod Resources by Bats of the Genus Myotis
    Journal of Mammalogy, 99(3):659–667, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyy049 Published online May 14, 2018 Correspondence between ecomorphotype and use of arthropod resources by bats of the genus Myotis Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/99/3/659/4996004 by University of Connecticut user on 17 September 2018 CINTYA A. SEGURA-TRUJILLO, MICHAEL R. WILLIG, AND SERGIO TICUL ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA* Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, México (CAS-T, STA-C) Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4210, USA (MRW) * Correspondent: [email protected] Arthropods are the primary dietary constituents of species of the genus Myotis. The genus comprises 3 ecomorphotypes of polyphyletic origin, each associated with a different foraging strategy: aerial, trawling, and gleaning, related to the subgenera Selysius, Leuconoe, and Myotis, respectively. We explored the extent to which differences in diet characterized these ecomorphotypes. Based on a broad review of the literature, we classified the diet of species of Myotis based on hardness and vagility of consumed prey. A significant negative relationship was found between the percent volume consumption of hard and soft arthropods and between the aerodynamic characteristics of fast- and slow-flying prey. A cluster analysis yielded 3 groups of Myotis species based on their diet: 1) those for which hard prey represent more than 80% of the volume of excreta; 2) those for which hard prey represent 45% to 80% of the volume of excreta; and 3) those for which hard prey represent less than 45% of the volume of excreta.
    [Show full text]
  • Анализ Структуры Половых Феромонов И Аттрактантов Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): Биохимический И Эволюционный Аспекты © 2020 Г
    ЖУРНАЛ ЭВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ БИОХИМИИ И ФИЗИОЛОГИИ, 2020, том 56, № 5, с. 337–349 ОБЗОРЫ УДК 577.19:595.787 АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОЛОВЫХ ФЕРОМОНОВ И АТТРАКТАНТОВ ZYGAENIDAE (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA): БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ И ЭВОЛЮЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТЫ © 2020 г. К. А. Ефетов1,*, Е. Е. Кучеренко1,** 1 Крымский федеральный университет имени В. И. Вернадского, Симферополь, Россия *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Поступила в редакцию 22.11.2019 г. После доработки 13.03.2020 г. Принята к публикации 16.03.2020 г. В обзоре проанализированы данные о химическом составе и строении известных половых феромонов и аттрактантов Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Предприняты попытки проследить возможные пути эволюции аттрактивных молекул Zygaenidae и выявить особенности структуры, определяющие их био- логическую активность. В настоящее время строение феромонов и аттрактантов известно для двух из пяти подсемейств. У Zygaeninae аттрактивной способностью обладают сложные эфиры уксусной кис- лоты и жирных спиртов, у Procridinae – сложные эфиры втор-бутилового спирта и жирных кислот. Уг- леводородные радикалы жирных спиртов и кислот известных аттрактивных молекул Zygaenidae содер- жат четное количество атомов углерода (12, 14, 16) и, как правило, одну двойную связь. Видоспецифич- ность химического сигнала определяется не только качественным составом, но и количественным соотношением компонентов феромонной/аттрактантной композиции. Ключевые слова: химическая коммуникация, половые феромоны, половые аттрактанты, Zygaenidae DOI: 10.31857/S0044452920040063 ВВЕДЕНИЕ тику их полевого скрининга, но и проследить эво- В мировой научной литературе накопилось люцию видов в пределах одного рода [3, 5]. достаточно фактического материала о химиче- Необходима четкая дифференциация терминов ской коммуникации животных, тем не менее све- “половой феромон” и “половой аттрактант”, кото- дения о феромонных системах абсолютного рые часто используются в литературе как тожде- большинства групп Insecta разрозненны и непол- ственные понятия.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves
    A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellow-Poplar: Characteristics and Management
    Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Number 583 Yellow-Poplar: Characteristics and Management by Donald E. Beck, Principal Silviculturist and Lino Della-Bianca, Silviculturist Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Asheville, North Carolina Agriculture Handbook No. 583 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service September 198i For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Prlntlng Ofece Washlnxton. D.C. 20402 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 81-600045 This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife-if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and care- fully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the exclusion of others which may be suitable. 2 Beck, Donald E., and Lino Della-Bianca. 1981. Yellow-poplar: Characteristics and management. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Handb. 583, 92 p. This reference tool and field guide for foresters and other land managers includes a synthesis of information on the characteristics of yellow-poplar with guidelines for managing the species. It is based on research conducted by many individuals in State and Federal forestry organizations and in universities throughout the Eastern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Tulip Tree Silkmoth Callosamia Angulifera ILLINOIS RANGE
    tulip tree silkmoth Callosamia angulifera Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Arthropoda The wingspan is about three and one-eighth to four Class: Insecta and three-eighths inches. Although the patterns on Order: Lepidoptera their wings are basically the same, males are darker than females. They also show different coloration by Family: Saturniidae time of year, with the second-generation males ILLINOIS STATUS darker than those of the first generation. Males are brown. Females are yellow-brown or orange-brown. common, native Both sets of wings have a wavy, white line about midway to the edge. An eyespot is present on each forewing. There is a T-shaped white mark on each wing. Larvae may reach two and three-fourths inches in length. They are light green with a white longitudinal stripe along the sides. BEHAVIORS The larvae of this species feed mainly on leaves of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) so the tulip tree silkmoth is commonly found in areas where these trees are plentiful. In Illinois, that is in the southern one-fourth of the state and along the Wabash River. This species is active at night. There are two generations per year. The pupa overwinters. The pupa is found in a cocoon of silk within a folded leaf and falls to the ground when the leaf drops. ILLINOIS RANGE © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross-Continental Comparison of Fruit-And Seed- Feeding Insects in the Rainforests of Panama, Thailand and Papua New Guinea
    School of Doctoral Studies in Biological Sciences University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science A cross-continental comparison of fruit-and seed- feeding insects in the rainforests of Panama, Thailand and Papua New Guinea Ph.D. Thesis Chris Nazipa Dahl (M.Sc.) Supervisor: Yves Basset, Ph.D. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Consultant: Prof. RNDr. Vojtěch Novotný, CSc. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech academy of Sciences České Budějovice 2019 This thesis can be cited as: Dahl, Chris. 2019: A cross-continental comparison of fruit-and seed-feeding insects in the rainforests of Panama, Thailand and Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis Series, No. 17. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, School of Doctoral Studies in Biological Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, (158 pp). Annotation The aim of this thesis is to investigate community assemblages of fruit and seed feeding insects across three distinct biogeographic ForestGEO plots of Baro Colorado in Panama, Khao Chong in Thailand and Wanang in Papua New Guinea. It studies fruit and seed syndromes from which insects were reared per plant species across this rain forest plots, and describe host specialization in fruit and seed feeding insects. More specially, to compare seed feeding insects and their rate of seed attack among different insect groups are consistent across rainforest sites. Further it use plant phylogeny to explore plant floristic diversity, and explain ecological role of seed insect specialization in regulating plant species dynamic in maintaining high plant diversity in tropical rainforest regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions Toward a Lepidoptera (Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, Thyrididae, Drepanoidea, Geometro
    Contributions Toward a Lepidoptera (Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, Thyrididae, Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, Mimalonoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea, & Noctuoidea) Biodiversity Inventory of the University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Lab Hugo L. Kons Jr. Last Update: June 2001 Abstract A systematic check list of 489 species of Lepidoptera collected in the University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Lab is presented, including 464 species in the superfamilies Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, Mimalonoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea, and Noctuoidea. Taxa recorded in Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, and Thyrididae are also included. Moth taxa were collected at ultraviolet lights, bait, introduced Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and by netting specimens. A list of taxa recorded feeding on P. notatum is presented. Introduction The University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Laboratory (NATL) contains 40 acres of natural habitats maintained for scientific research, conservation, and teaching purposes. Habitat types present include hammock, upland pine, disturbed open field, cat tail marsh, and shallow pond. An active management plan has been developed for this area, including prescribed burning to restore the upland pine community and establishment of plots to study succession (http://csssrvr.entnem.ufl.edu/~walker/natl.htm). The site is a popular collecting locality for student and scientific collections. The author has done extensive collecting and field work at NATL, and two previous reports have resulted from this work, including: a biodiversity inventory of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) of NATL (Kons 1999), and an ecological study of Hermeuptychia hermes (F.) and Megisto cymela (Cram.) in NATL habitats (Kons 1998). Other workers have posted NATL check lists for Ichneumonidae, Sphecidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllidae (http://csssrvr.entnem.ufl.edu/~walker/insect.htm).
    [Show full text]
  • Moths of Poole Harbour Species List
    Moths of Poole Harbour is a project of Birds of Poole Harbour Moths of Poole Harbour Species List Birds of Poole Harbour & Moths of Poole Harbour recording area The Moths of Poole Harbour Project The ‘Moths of Poole Harbour’ project (MoPH) was established in 2017 to gain knowledge of moth species occurring in Poole Harbour, Dorset, their distribution, abundance and to some extent, their habitat requirements. The study area uses the same boundaries as the Birds of Poole Harbour (BoPH) project. Abigail Gibbs and Chris Thain, previous Wardens on Brownsea Island for Dorset Wildlife Trust (DWT), were invited by BoPH to undertake a study of moths in the Poole Harbour recording area. This is an area of some 175 square kilometres stretching from Corfe Castle in the south to Canford Heath in the north of the conurbation and west as far as Wareham. 4 moth traps were purchased for the project; 3 Mercury Vapour (MV) Robinson traps with 50m extension cables and one Actinic, Ultra-violet (UV) portable Heath trap running from a rechargeable battery. This was the capability that was deployed on most of the ensuing 327 nights of trapping. Locations were selected using a number of criteria: Habitat, accessibility, existing knowledge (previously well-recorded sites were generally not included), potential for repeat visits, site security and potential for public engagement. Field work commenced from late July 2017 and continued until October. Generally, in the years 2018 – 2020 trapping field work began in March/ April and ran on until late October or early November, stopping at the first frost.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The ffecE t of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis Colton Zirkle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Zirkle, Colton, "The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1996. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Colton Zirkle Missouri State University Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2014 May 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Ashley Dowling Thesis Director ____________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Frederick Paillet Dr. Neelendra Joshi Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis), once found throughout the Interior Highlands of the United States, has been decimated across much of its range due to accidental introduction of chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica. Efforts have been made to conserve and restore C. ozarkensis, but success requires thorough knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species. Other Castanea species are reported to have characteristics of both wind and insect pollination, but pollination strategies of Ozark chinquapin are unknown.
    [Show full text]