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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Ciências Da Saúde Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Médicas UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS MÉDICAS CAMILA DA ROSA WITECK Características clínicas e laboratoriais de pacientes pediátricos com deficiência de lipase ácida: Scoping Review. Florianópolis 2021 CAMILA DA ROSA WITECK Características clínicas e laboratoriais de pacientes pediátricos com deficiência de lipase ácida: Scoping Review. Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do título de mestre em ciências médicas Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Marlene de Souza Pires Florianópolis 2021 CAMILA DA ROSA WITECK Características clinicas e laboratoriais de pacientes pediátricos com deficiência de lipase ácida : Scoping Review. O presente trabalho em nível de mestrado foi avaliado e aprovado por banca examinadora composta pelos seguintes membros: Prof.(a)Maria Marlene de Souza Pires, Dr.(a) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Prof.(a) Suely Grosseman , Dr.(a) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Prof.(a) Priscyla Walesca Targino de Azevedo Simões, Dr.(a) Universidade Federal do ABC Certificamos que esta é a versão original e final do trabalho de conclusão que foi julgado adequado para obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Médicas. ____________________________ Profa. Katia Lin, Dra. Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação ____________________________ Profa. Maria Marlene de Souza Pires, Dra. Orientadora Florianópolis 2021 A toda minha família, a base sólida do meu crescimento pessoal e profissional. AGRADECIMENTOS À Dra. Maria Marlene de Souza Pires, orientadora deste trabalho, pela dedicação e apoio. Sua importância em minha vida acadêmica e pessoal iniciou-se na graduação de Medicina pelas brilhantes observações, competência no âmbito profissional e acadêmico. Tenho um sentimento de gratidão por suas orientações na elaboração e construção desta dissertação, bem como pelos conhecimentos transmitidos e exemplo de competente pesquisadora, professora, pediatra e ser humano. À Anne Calbusch Schmitz, exemplo de mãe, médica e mestranda, pela ajuda essencial na construção do projeto, por fazer parte do seu desenvolvimento e finalização. À Júlia Meller Dias de Oliveira, minha admiração por sua competência, organização e disponibilidade a cada dúvida, e por ter sido parte importante para o desdobramento de cada etapa deste trabalho. Do projeto ao artigo. Ao Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Baseada em Evidências (COBE), que inspirada na Professora Graziela De Luca Canto e no Professor André Luis Porporatti me auxiliaram em uma formação baseada em evidências científicas, bem como aprendizado em trabalho de pesquisa em equipe. À Maria Gorete Monteguti Savi pelo auxílio em parte fundamental da pesquisa através de aula e disponibilidade em orientar a pesquisa. À Silvia Modesto Nassar pelo cuidado estatístico, por doar seu tempo para tornar essa dissertação mais importante, demonstrando os dados de forma clara e precisa. À minha família, meu marido Alan Palmero e meu filho Benjamin Witeck Palmero, meus pais Roberto Witeck e Maria Guiomar da Rosa Witeck, minha irmã Gabriela da Rosa Witeck por apoiar o meu crescimento profissional, acadêmico e pessoal. Equilibrar as alegrias e desafios de ser mãe, esposa, filha, irmã, gastroenterologista pediátrica e mestranda ao mesmo tempo só foi possível porque vocês me deram uma base sólida e amorosa. “A alegria não chega apenas no encontro do achado, mas faz parte do processo da busca. E ensinar e aprender não pode dar-se fora da procura, fora da boniteza e da alegria.” (FREIRE, 2002) RESUMO A deficiência de lipase ácida lisossomal (LAL-D) é uma doença autossômica recessiva subdiagnosticada, com início das manifestações nos primeiros anos com progressão até a vida adulta. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para uma terapia eficaz e maior sobrevida em longo prazo. O objetivo deste estudo foi reconhecer alertas vermelhos entre as características clínicas e laboratoriais da LAL-D em pacientes pediátricos por meio de uma revisão de escopo em busca eletrônica abrangente de Embase, PubMed, Livivo, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Open Grey, ProQuest Dissertações e teses. Incluiu estudos observacionais (séries de casos e relatos de casos) com características clínicas e laboratoriais de lactentes, crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico da LAL-D por teste de atividade enzimática ou análise de mutação do gene LIPA. Na busca inicial foram encontrados1593 estudos. A seleção final considerando doença de início precoce e tardio, incluiu 108 estudos de 30 países contemplando 206 pacientes. As manifestações prevalentes em ambos os espectross foram hepatomegalia, anemia, dislipidemia, transaminases elevadas. Diarreia, vômitos, icterícia e esplenomegalia foram sintomas correlacionados nestes pacientes. Conclui-se que os alertas vermelhos encontrado nessa revisão podem facilitar a inclusão de LAL-D como uma possibilidade na prática pediátrica, visando ao reconhecimento precoce. Palavras-chave: pediatria, dislipidemia, hepatomegalia, esteatose, deficiência de lipase ácida lisossomal. ABSTRACT Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an underdiagnosed autosomal recessive disease with manifestations starting in the first years of life, and progressing until adulthood. The early diagnosis is crucial for effective therapy and long-term survival. The objective of this study was recognize red flags among clinical and laboratorial features of LAL-D in pediatric patients through a scoping review in comprehensive electronic search of Embase, PubMed, Livivo, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Open Grey, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Included observational studies with clinical and laboratorial features of infants, children and adolescents with diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency by activity enzyme testing or LIPA gene mutation analysis. In the initial search, 1593 studies were found. The final selection included 108 studies from 30 countries, considering disease with Wolman disease and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease, with a total of 206 patients. Prevalent manifestations in both phenotypes were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, dyslipidemia. Diarrhea, vomits, jaundice and splenomegaly were correlated symptoms. Red flags symptoms are common in pediatric practice as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, dyslipidemia, anemia, elevated transaminases. It is concluded that the red alerts found in this review may facilitate the inclusion of LAL-D as a possibility in pediatric practice, aiming at early recognition. Keywords: pediatrics, dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis, acid lipase disease. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Fluxograma da estratégia de busca e critérios de seleção. ........................ 21 Figura 2 - Agrupamento entre as categorias das variáveis utilizando ACM. ............. 66 Figura 3 - Agrupamento entre as categorias das variáveis utilizando ACM. ............. 67 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 - Características epidemiológicas dos pacientes com deficiência de lipase ácida. .... 22 Tabela 2 - Características clínicas e anatômicas dos pacientes com deficiência de lipase ácida. .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Tabela 3 - Diagnóstico bioquímico dos pacientes com deficiência de lipase ácida. ................ 24 Tabela 4 – Características bioquímicas dos pacientes com deficiência de lipase ácida. .......... 24 Tabela 5 - Características descritivas dos pacientes com deficiência de lipase ácida. ............. 26 Tabela 6 - Resultados estatísticos da análise de correspondência múltipla. ............................. 67 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS IF Achado intra-operatório incidental AVC Acidente vascular cerebral ALT Alanina aminotransferase ACM Análise de Correspondência Múltipla A Anemia AS Ascite AST Aspartato aminotransferase AC Calcificações adrenais C Cirrose em biópsia hepática HCI Cirrose hepática HC Colesterol elevado BRC Cristais de colesterol birrefrigentes LAL-D Deficiência de lipase ácida lisossomal. KL Deposição de lipídios em células de Kupffer DP Desvio-padrão D Diarreia DYS Dislipidemia DA Distensão abdominal CESD Doença de armazenamento de éster de colesterol AP Dor abdominal Pht1 Espectro de doença precoce Pht2 Espectro de doença tardio SM Esplenomegalia EUA Estados Unidos ST Esteatorréia HS Esteatose hepática MVS Esteatose microvesicular FTT Falha de crescimento F Fibrose em biópsia hepática PBF Fibrose portal a portal ALF Função hepática anormal GGT Gama Glutamil Transferase G Glicogênio intracitoplasmático HM Hepatomegalia IH Hérnia inguinal UH Hérnia umbilical HS Hipertensão arterial sistêmica HP Hipertensão portal HGT Hipertrigliceridemia J Icterícia AI Insuficiência adrenal VL Linfócitos vacuolados LHF Linfohistiocitose hematofagocítica familiar LAL Lipase ácida lisossomal MBL Lipídios ligados à membrana do hepatócito HDL-C Lipoproteína de alta densidade de colesterol LDL-C Lipoproteína de baixa densidade de colesterol DU Material lipídico na lâmina própria do duodeno OSF Open Science Framework PRISMA-ScR Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. SN Sintomas neurológicos PS Sintomas pulmonares TR Trombocitopenia kV Vacuolização de células de Kupffer HV Vacuolização de hepatócitos BMV Vacuolização de medula óssea com macrófagos espumosos EV Varizes esofágicas V Vômitos LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS Marca registrada Mais ou menos SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................
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