The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 244 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] June 1, 2018

Our Mission translators and thought he might in 1923 and Hank grandchildren Makayla, Ty, be good with the language, his and his mother Dorothy followed Tessa, Gavin, Bryce, Gage, and In the Spring of 2000, the son said. shortly thereafter. Skylar. Archives continued the origi- He spent most of the war They located in Chicago The Daily Camera nal efforts of Captain Roger interrogating prisoners and got to where Hank eventually October 11, 2015

Pineau and William Hudson, know not only their strategic graduated from the Illinois [Ed. Note: Many were the USN and the Archives first at- knowledge but also their Institute of Technology with an JLS/OLSers who wanted to locate to tempts in 1992, to gather the personal histories. He spent two engineering degree. He was Boulder after the war. He was one papers, letters, photographs, years at a POW camp across working on turbine engines at who did.] ______and records of graduates of from Pearl Harbor. Allis Chalmers in a war exempt the US Navy Japanese/ Gibney also served as a position but responded to his Vernon E. Bjorklund Oriental Language School, combat translator and helped to patriotic duty and joined the JLS 1944 University of Colorado at capture Col. Hiromichi Yahara, Navy. In the Navy, he was Boulder, 1942-1946. We the chief Japanese military relocated to Boulder to attend the Class of 1948 assemble these papers in strategist on Okinawa. language schools sponsored by Vernon E. Bjorklund passed recognition of the contribu- During the U.S. occupation of the military and was studying tions made by JLS/OLS away on May 10, 2012. Japan after the war, Gibney Mandarin Chinese when the war Bjorklund served as a Japanese instructors and graduates to wrote that he served as "a small ended. the War effort in the Pacific interpreter for the Navy in World human bridge between Gen. After returning to Chicago, War II in the South Pacific. After and the Cold War, to the Douglas MacArthur's conquering Hank and his wife, Shirley, creation of East Asian graduating from UW Law, he army and a puzzled but receptive decided to relocate to Boulder. In practiced in California and language programs across Japanese public." Boulder, Hank and Jack Beavers the country, and to the Washington. He also was a journalist and founded Design Products, a UW Law development of Japanese- was wounded while covering the manufacturer of fine furniture Fall 2012 American cultural rec- Korean War for Time magazine and received a patent for one of http://www.law.washington.edu/alum onciliation programs after in 1947. the lines of furniture they ni/pubs/uwlaw/2012/Fall12.pdf World War II. ______In addition to writing and designed and built. editing for Time, Newsweek, Life During this time, Hank ROBERT R. BOGGESS Frank B. Gibney and other magazines, Gibney became active in the Boulder wrote nearly a dozen books. His community. He served a term as JLS 1944 JLS 1944 1953 Five Gentlemen of Japan President of the YMCA when 65, a translator for the Army [A longer obituary of Frank profiled the Emperor Hirohito, a the 28th street facility was Corps of Engineers and a church Gibney appears in Issue #136, farmer, a former vice admiral, a constructed. He also served as organist, died March 16, 1987 at but this version includes much journalist and a steel mill President of the Boulder George Washington University more of Mr. Gibney’s war foreman. Chamber and was instrumental Hospital after a heart attack. experience.] SANTA His 1992 book The Pacific in bringing such companies as Mr. Boggess was born in BARBARA, Calif. (AP) — Century was the blueprint for an IBM to the Boulder area. He was Yakima, Wash. He graduated Frank B. Gibney, who served as award-winning 1993 PBS series. a very active member of the from the University of California a Japanese translator for the Gibney also founded and Presbyterian Church and put the at Los Angeles. He also studied Navy in World War II and whose edited the Japanese and Chinese financing together for the at Columbia University and the books later helped Americans editions of Encyclopedia construction of the Presbyterian Julliard School of Music. understand the culture of their Britannica and was working on a Manor in downtown Boulder. He moved to Washington former enemy, died. He was 81. book about the encyclopedia's He divested Design Products after serving in the Navy in the Gibney died Sunday April history in the week before his in the mid 70's, then went into South Pacific during World War 2006] of congestive heart failure death, his son said. commercial development during II and joined the staff of the at his Santa Barbara home, said which time he developed and Napa Valley Register Corps of Engineers as a his son, Thomas, of Placerville. constructed 11 buildings in April 16, 2006 translator. He worked there since For his cultural work, Gibney ______Boulder. In his final years, he then as a translator of Russian, held two Japanese honors: the taught himself how to trade on Japanese, German, French and Order of the Rising Sun, Third Henry A. Bittner the internet and was an active Chinese. He also did Class, and the Order of the trader up until a week before his 1920-2015 independent translating. Sacred Treasure, Second Class. passing. OLS (Chinese) 1946 At the time of his death, Mr. Gibney, who was born in Hank was preceded in death Boggess was organist at the Scranton, Pa., and grew up in Henry Arthur Bittner passed by the love of his life, Shirley. Third Church of Christ Scientist New York, was a classics major away peacefully on Friday, He is survived by all four in Washington. During the 1960s while attending October 9th of medical children: Patty Black (Michael), and 1970s, he had been organist on a scholarship. He was complications. He was an alert Terry Bittner (Peggy), Jill at Mount Vernon Place United studying Greek in 1942 when he and vibrant 95 year old until his Jacobson, and Michael Bittner Methodist Church for about 10 was drafted for a special Navy final days. Hank was born in (Lynn); his 6 grandchildren years, and before that had been program. The service was Augsburg, Germany in 1920. His Doug, Tia, Kimberly, JB, Jeff organist at the Church of Faith desperate for Japanese father, Henry, immigrated to the and Brittany; and 7 great Lutheran Church in Washington. physician, attorney, author, and remaining years here, becoming a His decision to settle in Japan Survivors include three brothers, world traveler. Japanese citizen in 2012. (AP in 2011, at a time when many Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) William, of Denver, Clifford, of A graduate of Pennsylvania foreigners were fleeing because Sacramento, Calif., and Warren, State College (MS 1939), (AP) — So few of the meltdowns at the of San Ramon, Calif. Georgia School of Technology teaching opportunities existed Fukushima nuclear plant, made

The Washington Post (Ph.D. 1943), Johns Hopkins for a young Japan scholar in late him something of a hero in March 22, 1987 University (MD 1951), and the 1940s America that a professor Japan, where he had already ______University of Texas Law School, been widely honored by the suggested he teach Greek G. Arnold Chapman he also attended the US Navy instead. government and others for his 1917-1996, OLS 4/2/43- Japanese/Oriental Language Donald Keene persevered, scholarly work. School at the University of arriving in the ancient imperial "It was a time when what I G. Arnold Chapman, Occupation Colorado in Chinese, during capital of Kyoto in 1953 to do did, which was minor and Romance languages educator, WWII. research. personal, became something of was born in Fresno, California, As Chief of the Department "I was extremely lucky, great importance," he says. "I June 26, 1917. He died of Physical Medicine and because the time that I was there became a famous person in a September 2, 1996, and was Rehabilitation at the Veterans was a golden age of Japanese sense. And the Japanese were interred at Sunset View Affairs Hospital in Dallas, literature," he says. "People extremely grateful. I gave them Cemetery, Kensington, CA. Texas, he treated the wounded didn't speak of it at the time, they what I could give them. And He received his AB at Fresno warriors in his care with all said there's nothing much to since then I have continued to State College in 1939, his compassion and respect. As an read and that sort of thing, but in have an interesting life. I'm now MAand PHD at the University attorney he never gave up on a retrospect we can say this was 93, and just completed a book, Wisconsin in 1941 and 1946. He client. He wrote a memoir of his one of the great periods of and I hope I can keep on going." entered the US Navy Japanese years in college and military Japanese literature. All the As a university student in Language School at the service during World War II. famous writers, not only people 1940, Keene came across a copy University of Colorado in April He is survived by his devoted known because of their previous of "The Tale of Genji," an 11th- 1943. wife and traveling companion Jo work, were writing." century Japanese classic, in a He was appointed instructor Campbell Cole and a large Lucky too, he says, because it New York bookshop. It changed in Romance languages at Oberlin extended family. We will was a time when few foreigners his life. The two-volume College from 1945-46. He then remember his love of learning, spoke Japanese, so he easily by Englishman spent the remainder of his career, generosity, and unwavering gained entree to well-known Arthur Waley seemed a bargain rising from instructor to optimism, as well as his people. Writer Yukio Mishima at 49 cents, Keene wrote in a professor in Spanish at the disarming sense of humor, was a friend. 2008 memoir. It has since been University California, at surprising opinions, From those beginnings he translated three more times, but Berkeley from 1946-87. Upon unwillingness to concede a point, counts about 25 books in English never by Keene. his retirement, he was named and abiding sense of fair play. and 30 in Japanese and more "If one is a translator of emeritus professor, University May he rest in peace. than six decades of teaching. Japanese, one should take the California, at Berkeley from Dallas Morning News He's considered a giant in the most famous work and try it, and 1987-96. November 13, 2015 field he helped build, translation show what you can do with it," He was the author of The & and Japanese literature. he says. "I never had that feeling Spanish American Reception of David M. Hays His life has become so because I worship Waley. I didn't United States Fiction, 1920- Archivist & Editor intertwined with Japan that he want to do anything against what ______1940, 1966; Mexico y el Señor has decided to spend his he had done." Bryant, un embajador literario Scholar of Japan, remaining years here, becoming In Genji, Keene found an en el México liberal, 1984 and Keene finds his life a Japanese citizen in 2012. alternative to the emerging war contributed articles to "I gradually thought of Japan in Europe. "People were trying professional journals. intertwined with it as a place where I would like to their best to make everything He was a member of the live, and also where I would like beautiful. Their language, what Association of Teachers of to die," he says at his Tokyo they wore, the flowers they Spanish and Portuguese and the apartment, which overlooks a grew, everything," he says. "I Philological Association Pacific leafy public garden that was the just felt a hatred for everything Coast. estate of a wealthy 19th-century that was going on, and Waley He was the son of George businessman. "And the disaster saved me." Arnold and Marie (Homsy) C. in Fukushima made me feel that He learned Japanese in U.S. He married Marguerite M. I must do something." Navy language school and Nickerson on August 7, 1957. In this Monday, Dec. 28, 2015 Though his memory isn't interrogated Japanese prisoners Together they had three children: photo, Donald Keene speaks what it once was, the longtime in Okinawa during World War John, Anna, Mary. during an interview at his home in Columbia University professor II.

Marquis Who’s Who Online Tokyo. Keene persevered, arriving remains active. He becomes Keene sees a declining & in the ancient Japanese imperial animated when talking, his eyes interest today in traditional David M. Hays capital of Kyoto in 1953 to do gleaming in a way that conveys Japanese arts. He senses that research. From those beginnings Archivist & Editor an earnest interest in the subject. Japan's best minds gravitate ______he counts about 25 books in toward science in a modern, English and 30 in Japanese and His latest book — about the Kenneth McCutchen Cole more than six decades of teaching. early 20th-century poet more materialistic world. OLS (Chinese) 1946 He’s considered a giant in the field Takuboko Ishikawa — will be As for himself, "it's become he helped build, translation and published in Japanese in more difficult to write than Kenneth M. Cole, Jr. passed Japanese literature. His life has February, and he hopes an before," he says. "I'll forget away on November 9, 2015, at become so intertwined with Japan English edition will follow later things that I know I knew at one the age of 92. Ken was a that he has decided to spend his in 2016. time. The name of a person, the name of a place. So I think I may conduct of the ; and senior State Department themselves into the Guam have written my last major work, as Ambassador to Australia colleagues’ remarks at his Doctrine, wherein we proposed but I will go on writing other 1973-75, when his low-key, Washington memorial service: to help Asians everywhere help things and giving lectures." persuasive diplomacy was William P. Bundy. "It was themselves. He saw his vision

The Daily Astorian instrumental to the marked endlessly right that Marshall transformed into the Nixon December 30, 2015 improvement of U.S.-Australian should have started his career in Doctrine--something different--a ______relations in that period. Tokyo under Ambassador Grew rationale for removing our forces

Long concerned over the -- and that he went on to the very from Vietnam, leaving the IN MEMORIAM silent explosion of population top, extraordinary in his grasp of Indochinese to carry on largely MARSHALL GREEN growth in and most of East Asia and wise on any issue, on their own." Class of 1935 the rest of the developing world, admired and beloved by all who "Deeply frustrated by the Marshall resigned in 1975 from served with and under him." course of conflict in Indochina, his Australian assignment to Ambassador Thomas particularly in Cambodia where establish and fill the position of Shoesmith (Ret.). "During the he tried to change our approach, State Department Coordinator of Korean military coup, while he pressed low key solutions and Population Affairs. He resigned Washington dithered, Marshall, peace proposals whenever he from that position and the then Chargé d'Affaires of our saw opportunity. Sometimes it Foreign Service in 1979, joined a Embassy, unhesitatingly acted in seemed quixotic. One day leading Washington non-profit support of democratic and following the incursion into population organization, the constitutional principles. Again, Cambodia he burst from his Population Crisis Committee, as our Ambassador to Indonesia, office to announce: "I know what and devoted a major share of his during its revolution, it was we are doing in Cambodia!" attention to the world population Marshall's steady hand which "What, Marshall?" "We are problem throughout his guided the shaping of our policy widening down the war." While extremely active retirement toward that troubled country." his energy, exuberance and years. "As Assistant Secretary of optimism never failed him, it Dedicated from his earliest State for East Asian Affairs, sometimes masked deep Marshall Green, a star of what years to the public interest and Marshall confronted a difficult frustration." has been termed the Golden Age public service, Marshall believed policy decision regarding the "Assigned to Australia, he of the American Foreign Service that the Foreign Service should extension of bombing raids into said he had always wanted to go in the decades after World War promote not just U.S. national Cambodia. I still remember there. He had indeed, and he II, died while playing golf with interests but the welfare of all clearly how heartened and loved it. Happily, there was a his son Mark (’60) outside mankind on this unforgiving encouraged we in the Bureau new challenge. Confronted with Washington D.C. on June 6, planet. He never tired of were to learn of his courageous Australian antagonism over our 1999. emphasizing that rights must be defense of his opposing position, military installations, generated Marshall’s career began with accompanied by responsibility. along with his firm injunction to by anger over Vietnam, he a two-year term as private And he many times exemplified us to loyally support the final personally turned the Australians secretary to Ambassador Joseph in his personal positions on decision." around simply by being the way C. Grew (Groton 1898) in public issues his conviction of "Marshall was the 'compleat' he was: low key, perceptive, Tokyo, 1939-41. Following three the importance of courage—the diplomat, effective in his persuasive, indefatigably years as a U.S. Navy trained courage to stand up for what one leadership, perceptive and hopeful, and funny--the Yankee Japanese translator arid believes. imaginative in his policy Quipper they called him. He interpreter, he joined the Foreign At the same time, Marshall prescriptions. But there was persuaded the Australians to Service in 1945 and embarked was a genuinely humble and another very human and remain among our very closest on a succession of kindly individual incapable of endearing side, Marshall's humor allies in difficult times and they extraordinarily challenging and pomposity or conceit. His and wit, which could relieve remain so today." important assignments. They concern for and loyalty to friends tensions and brighten one's day. "Marshall not only thought included principal assistant to and staff were deep seated and George Kennan put it best in more clearly and charmed and Secretary of State Dulles in his unwavering. Possessed of commenting on Marshall's persuaded more effectively, he management of the Taiwan unfailing good cheer and an delightful book, 'Pacific did so with purpose and passion, Offshore Islands crisis of 1958; irrepressible sense of humor, he Encounters:' always reined in by his Chargé of our Embassy in Korea was for forty years one of the "No one has ever described professionalism and his diamond during General Park’s 1961 Service’s most widely known, with a more delicate and hard New England principles. He overthrow of the democratically admired and best liked members. irrepressible sense of humor how was practical and flexible, but elected Chang government; The death of his wife and the many crucial and dangerous mostly he was a deeply moral General in Foreign Service partner of 54 moments of a long Foreign man and there were things he 1961-63 when that outpost city years, Lisa, in 1996 was a Service career in the Far East are would not do." was the West’s eyes and ears on devastating blow. But not even coupled with the equally "His devotion to his family, Communist ; Ambassador that could long discourage him numerous ironies and absurdities his love and pride in his sons, to Indonesia during the 1965 and he maintained an amazing that attend it.'" and above all his love for Lisa, overthrow of President volume and variety of writing, Ambassador Paul Cleveland 'Mission Control,' was shaped by by General ; Assistant speaking, travel and sports (Ret.). "Recognizing the these same qualities. It never Secretary of State for East Asian activities, including his beloved significance of Asians' once wavered. In a telling, and Pacific Affairs 1969-73, golf and bicycling. nationalism before others and poignant moment, his beloved when he served as a key I can do no better in perceiving their need and desire Lisa paused to remark: ‘Do you Assistant to President Nixon and attempting to review Marshall’s to develop skills and self esteem, know, even I can hardly believe, Secretary of State Kissinger in extraordinary qualities and Marshall translated his policy of Marshall has never once raised their opening to China and career than to quote from his helping Indonesians help his voice at me in all the time I have known him.' Nor for that succeeding to help hundreds of Tucson in 1989, where he had School in Boulder, Colorado, matter did he with any of us." millions of people all over the been an active member of the where he learned to speak fluent "But in the end what was so world to control their fertility, Dove of Peace Lutheran Church Russian. He was stationed in unique and winning were the truly capped his career." (Tucson church). He is survived Washington, D.C. during both little explosions of suppressed Marshall throughout his life by daughters, Deborah Anspach World War II and the Korean glee and brilliance bubbling at looked back to and blessed his and husband, John Hanson of Conflict. the corners of his mouth; the Groton roots. He sent two sons Billings, MT and Jennifer On September 16, 1945, he enthusiasm with which he to Groton and in 1990 gave the Gillaspie and husband, Barry married Doris Lothringer of suddenly recalled from commencement address. Of the Gillaspie of Tucson, AZ; sons, Davenport. Together they had somewhere line after line of many who have gone on from Joel Anspach and wife, Leesa five children. Hamlet's soliloquies or Groton to lives of public service Lederer of Albuquerque and For 26 years Dayton worked discovered Patagonia and its he deserves to be remembered Jonathan Anspach and wife, for Alden's, where he served as geology at the age of 81; the and honored with the best. Denise Anspach of Albuquerque; general manager of department abiding interest in East Asia and Robert A. Fearey grandsons, Josh Anspach- stores in Indiana, Illinois, and the laser insights that helped him Class of 1937 Hanson and Eric Anspach- Iowa. In 1972, he purchased resolve the knottiest diplomatic As published in the Hanson of Billings, and Ian W.H. Walker & Co. in DeWitt, problems- - in Korea, in Hong Groton School Quarterly Anspach Gillaspie of Tucson. which he ran for 14 years. In Kong, in Indonesia and 1999 Surviving siblings include addition, he owned Barton's and

Australia. His sheer, irrepressible [Ed. Note: We previously posted the Carolyn Anspach Sunburn, Abby's in Muscatine. bounce compelled us to love him New York Times obituary for Phyllis Anspach Thompson, Civic responsibility was and follow him naturally in that Ambassador Green, but this is a Sarah Anspach Kepple and important to Dayton. He served wondrous parade he and Lisa led much different memorial piece.] Thomas E. Anspach. He is also on the board of the University of ______through Asia for forty years." survived by the many families Dubuque, United Fund, DeWitt "Perhaps as he strode down Paul P. Anspach and friends whose lives were Chamber of Commerce, and the the sixth fairway, carrying his both touched and changed Clinton County Conservation clubs as usual, he reflected on JLS 1943 through his ministry on two Board. Jakarta of the sixties, tried to continents. Dayton lived in DeWitt for think of ways to improve our ANSPACH -- Paul Parker Albuquerque Journal almost forty years, moved to The relations with Korea, China and Anspach Jr., 78, a resident of June 22, 1999 Fountains in Bettendorf, and

Japan, calculated his and his son Tucson, Arizona, passed away [Ed. Note: A much shorter obituary most recently to Cincinnati, Mark's score, and hatched a new June 21. He was born to Paul was posted from his alumni Ohio. pun. We can be sure that he lived Parker Anspach Sr. and Sylvia magazine. This obituary is much Dayton loved to travel, and his last moments as he always Anspach, June 17, 1921 in more complete.] was an active and youthful man ______had: fully engaged, firing on all Dayton, Ohio and raised in during his very long life. He was twelve cylinders." China and Korea before the Dayton George Howe a loyal friend and mentor to Philander P. Claxton. Japanese occupation period. OLS (Russian) 1945 many, and was dedicated to "Marshall recognized from his After they and other Lutheran 1922-2014 conservation. A loving and own observations in countries missionaries were expelled, he committed family man, he is where he served and travelled entered the military and served survived by his brother and that the burden and danger of from 1942-1946 as an sister-in-law Stan and Helen rapid population growth was not intelligence officer and translator Howe; his five children, Bruce, just the old Malthusian warning for the US Navy. Following War Barbara, Jane, John, and of population growth exceeding II, he attended seminary at Alexandra; and his five food supply; it was the massive Wittenberg College, and was grandchildren, Austin, Elise, destruction of the environment. ordained a Lutheran Minister in Drew, Madeleine, and Vivian. It was the wide unemployment 1950. In June of the same year, he married Miriam Ann Lauver Quad City Times and underemployment caused by January 22, 2015 immense and increasing numbers in Springfield, Ohio. The couple ______of young people moving into the traveled immediately to Japan, where Reverend Anspach served $Donations Accepted job market for whom there were no jobs. The greatest dangerous as a missionary in Kyoto, If you wish to support the JLS/OLS consequence was the Nishinomiya, and Isahaya for the Archival Project you may contribute overcrowding of cities in the next 17 years. During their stay to our US Navy JLS/OLS Fund. developing world, cities in Kyoto, the Anspachs were Contributions are used to hire students to work on the USN doubling in population every 15- blessed with four children, Deborah Ann, Jennifer Lynn, BETTENDORF, Iowa--Dayton JLS/OLS Archival Project, to 20 year's, their teeming slums prepare and mail the newsletter, to even faster." Joel Eric, and Jonathan Paul. George Howe, 92, of Bettendorf, survey, inventory and process "It is difficult, perhaps Reverend Anspach and his formerly of DeWitt, died on collections, and to scan photographs. impossible, to choose from family returned to the United Sunday, December 21, 2014. To donate, make your check out to Marshall's lifetime of devoted States in August of 1967, when Dayton was born on July 10, the University of Colorado, writing and highly effective public he was called to Bethlehem 1922, in Muscatine, the son of US Navy JLS Fund on the memo line service any phase which can be Lutheran Church in Los Alamos, Merrill and Thelma Howe. He to the bottom left of your check, and graduated from the University of mail it to our contact address. said to transcend others. I do NM. He served as Bethlehem's believe, however, from some 50 Pastor until 1982. When he Iowa in 1943 with a degree in David Hays years--a half century--of returned to Japan to teach business administration. Special Collections & Archives University of Colorado Boulder Libraries friendship with Marshall and English and history at Baiko While serving as a lieutenant in Naval Intelligence, he 184 UCB observance of his career that his Women's College in Boulder, Colorado 80309-0184 Shimonoseki. He retired in attended the Oriental Language ______last 22 years, trying and