Musikalische Markenzeichen Der Popmusik Arbeitspraktiken Verschiedener Musikproduzenten in Analyse Und Umsetzung

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Musikalische Markenzeichen Der Popmusik Arbeitspraktiken Verschiedener Musikproduzenten in Analyse Und Umsetzung Hochschule der Medien (HdM) Fachhochschule Stuttgart Sommersemester 2004 Elmar Heckmann: Musikalische Markenzeichen der Popmusik Arbeitspraktiken verschiedener Musikproduzenten in Analyse und Umsetzung Masterarbeit 29.07.2004 Prüfer: 1. Prof. Oliver Curdt 2. Prof. Dr. Stephen Lowry Heckmann, Elmar (Matr.Nr.:14176); Masterarbeit Analyse von Musikproduzenten Inhalt: 1. Einleitung ......................................................................................................................Seite 1 2. Analyse der Produzentenarbeiten ................................................................................Seite 4 2.1. Robert John "Mutt" Lange – Rock/Pop .........................................................Seite 5 2.1.1. Kurzbiografie .................................................................................Seite 4 2.1.2. zu analysierende Arbeiten .............................................................Seite 4 2.1.3. Analyse ..........................................................................................Seite 5 2.2. Bob Rock - Rock und Heavy-Metal ...............................................................Seite 13 2.2.1. Kurzbiografie .................................................................................Seite 13 2.2.2. zu analysierende Arbeiten .............................................................Seite 13 2.2.3. Analyse ..........................................................................................Seite 14 2.3. Trevor Horn - Dancepop und Pop .................................................................Seite 17 2.3.1. Kurzbiografie .................................................................................Seite 17 2.3.2. zu analysierende Arbeiten .............................................................Seite 17 2.3.3. Analyse ..........................................................................................Seite 18 2.4. Dr.Dre (Andre Young) - Hip Hop und Black Music …………………………….Seite 22 2.4.1. Kurzbiografie ..................................................................................Seite 22 2.4.2. zu analysierende Arbeiten .............................................................Seite 22 2.4.3. Analyse ..........................................................................................Seite 23 3. Die Produktion ..............................................................................................................Seite 26 3.1. Vorüberlegungen ..........................................................................................Seite 26 3.1.1. Zu den Vorproduktionen ................................................................Seite 26 3.1.2. Verwendetes Equipment ................................................................Seite 26 3.1.3. Beteiligte Musiker (Instrumente, Cast) ..........................................Seite 28 3.2. schriftliche Vorproduktionen .........................................................................Seite 30 3.2.1. Song 1 ...........................................................................................Seite 32 3.2.1.1. Allgemeines über den Song ..........................................Seite 32 3.2.1.2. Bearbeitung ...................................................................Seite 32 3.2.1.3. Produzenteneingriffe (Überlegungen) ............................Seite 38 3.2.2. Song 2 ...........................................................................................Seite 39 3.2.2.1. Allgemeines über den Song ..........................................Seite 39 3.2.2.2. Bearbeitung ...................................................................Seite 39 3.2.2.3. Produzenteneingriffe .....................................................Seite 44 3.2.3. Zeitplan der gesamten Produktion ................................................Seite 45 3.3.Protokoll der Produktionen .............................................................................Seite 45 3.3.1. Allgemeines ...................................................................................Seite 45 3.3.2. zu Song 1 ......................................................................................Seite 47 3.3.3. zu Song 2 ......................................................................................Seite 48 4.Reaktionen ....................................................................................................................Seite 49 4.1. Infos zu den zwei Interview-Partnern ............................................................Seite 49 4.2. Reaktionen ....................................................................................................Seite 50 4.2.1. Meinungen Interviewpartner 1 (Christian Iberle von Radio7) ........ Seite 50 4.2.2. Meinungen Interviewpartner 2 (Wolfgang Tupeit von Musical Works) .....................................................Seite 50 5. Resumée (Ergebnisse der Arbeit – für Student und Industrie) .....................................Seite 51 6. Anhang ..........................................................................................................................Seite 53 56 Heckmann, Elmar (Matr.Nr.:14176); Masterarbeit Analyse von Musikproduzenten 1. Einleitung Musizieren, Produzieren, Konsumieren. Schon alleine die logische Reihenfolge dieser Wörter verdeutlicht, welchen Stellenwert ein Produzent in der Musikindustrie einnimmt. Er ist das Bindeglied zwischen dem Musiker und dem Zuhörer bzw. der Plattenfirma, die die Musik an den Konsumenten bringen will. Der Produzent hat dabei die verschiedensten Aufgaben zu erledigen. Als erstes gehört zu seinen Aufgaben die Organisation der Produktion. Damit ist nicht nur das Organisieren eines Tonstudios gemeint, sondern auch das Verfassen einer schriftlichen Vorproduktion. Diese enthält neben Zeit-, Mikrofon- und Spurenpläne auch Songstruktur- und Arrangementüberlegungen, sowie Notizen über musikalische Ideen, die der Produzent einbringen will. Basis für diese Überlegungen sind die Demoaufnahmen der zu produzierenden Band oder vergleichbare frühere Produktionen, die in bezug auf Stil, Sound und/oder Arrangement als Referenz herangezogen werden können. Somit sollte ein guter Produzent sowohl musikalisches, wie auch tontechnisches Know-How besitzen, um spätere Ergebnisse seiner Entscheidungen einschätzen zu können. Das betrifft nicht nur die Arbeit im Studio, sondern auch die Vorbereitungsphase der Produktion. Denn entgegen der eher finanziellen Rolle eines Filmproduzenten übernimmt ein Musikproduzent die Regie im Tonstudio. Er verkörpert oft ein zusätzliches Bandmitglied während einer Produktion, das auf objektive Weise versucht, Songmaterial abzurunden. Dabei sollte und wird er nicht von emotionalen Bindungen zu den Songs behindert und kann somit objektiv kreativen Input geben. Des weiteren kann ein guter Musikproduzent von seinem Blickwinkel aus Songmaterial den aktuellen Hörgewohnheiten besser angleichen, denn durch seinen objektiven Standpunkt kann er mögliche Reaktionen des unvoreingenommenen Hörers besser einschätzen. Außerdem kann er Sound und Wirkung der Produktion mit dem Image der Interpreten in Einklang bringen. Historische Aspekte verdeutlichen ebenso die Bedeutung und den Einfluss eines Musikproduzenten. Dirigenten sind die Vorläufer der heutigen Produzenten, denn sie haben die musikalische Leitung über kleine Ensembles bis hin zu großen Orchestern. Sie verwenden bzw. verwendeten meistens Notentexte von anderen Komponisten und setz(t)en ihre musikalischen Gedanken in Ausdruck, Dynamik und Tempi in Form ihrer individuellen Orchesterleitung um, interpretier(t)en sie also. Somit ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass zum Beispiel „Eine Kleine Nachtmusik“ von Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in der Interpretation von Leonard Bernstein andere musikalische Akzente aufweist, als eine Version von Herbert von Karajan. Die Musikproduzenten in der Popmusik des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts kamen zunächst aus dem Managementbereich. So war meist ein einziger Artist&Repertoire-Manager („A&R“) pro Band oder Interpret sowohl für die Konzertorganisation, wie auch für die Produktion von Tonträgern verantwortlich. Der Film „That Thing You Do“ von und mit Tom Hanks zeigt dieses Manager-Musiker- Verhältnis sehr deutlich. In den sechziger und siebziger Jahren trennte man nach und nach die Aufgaben und so wurden A&R-Manager, Produzent und Konzert-Manager zu unterschiedlichen Berufsfeldern. In den siebziger, achtziger und zu Anfang der neunziger Jahre war es meist üblich, dass ein Produzent für ein Album eines Künstlers verantwortlich war. Im Laufe der Zeit arbeiteten immer mehr Produzenten an einem Tonträger. Über allen steht meist der sogenannte „Executive Producer“, der die gesamte, auch finanzielle Verantwortung übernimmt und das letzte Wort bei einer Produktion hat. So ist zum Beispiel auf dem Xzibit-Album „Men Vs. Machine“ Dr.Dre als Executive Producer angegeben, der nach außen auch eine gewisse Qualitätsgarantie darstellt. Die musikalischen Eingriffe teilte sich in diesem Fall allerdings ein gesamtes Produzententeam, bei dem Dr.Dre auch involviert war. Während der Aufnahmen instruiert und beurteilt ein Produzent die Musiker, muss sie motivieren und Verbesserungsvorschläge machen. Um die technischen Aspekte an 57 Heckmann, Elmar (Matr.Nr.:14176); Masterarbeit Analyse von Musikproduzenten Mischpult und Mikrofonen kümmert sich zu dieser Zeit für gewöhnlich ein Team aus Toningenieur und Tonassistent. Bei der Mischung vereint der Produzent das Handwerk der Tontechnik mit der aufgenommenen Musik. Er schneidet
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