DOCSLIB.ORG

Controlling the Surfaces of Atomically Thin Materials to Create New Electronic Phases Michael S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Controlling the Surfaces of Atomically Thin Materials to Create New Electronic Phases Michael S Controlling the surfaces of atomically thin materials to create new electronic phases Michael S. Fuhrer School of Physics, New Horizons Centre Monash University Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials Michael S. Fuhrer University of Maryland Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Monash University • One of “Group of Eight” in Australia • Largest University in Australia: • 60,000 students total on 7 campuses (incl. South Africa and Malaysia) • 30,000 students at Clayton campus • Ranked 91st in the world (Times Higher Education); 69th in the world (QS); and top 150 (ARWU) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University New Horizons Centre 23,000 m2 building, opened July 2013 Foster new interdisciplinary collaborative efforts: Brings together Monash researchers in Advanced Materials Physics, Chemistry, Engineering (Materials, Mechanical, Medical etc.) with Advanced Manufacturing CSIRO researchers Physics laboratories built to NIST-A vibration standards. Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Research Facilities in Monash precinct Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Electron Microscopy including double-aberration- Cleanroom for device fabrication, including 100 corrected TEM , SEM, FIB, atom probe keV electron beam lithography Australian Synchrotron Currently 8 beamlines Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials Director: Michael Fuhrer (School of Physics, Faculty of Science) Co-Director: Dan Li (Dept. of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering) Goal: Establish Monash as the hub for 2D material research in Australia Strategy: Seed-fund new collaborative research at Monash Form strong links with international partners Coordinate major bids for external funding Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials: Personnel Prof Udo Bach (Materials Engineering) – Dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells. Dr. Qiaoliang Bao (Materials Engineering) – Optoelectronics with atomically thin materials. Dr. Toby Bell (Chemistry) – Spectroscopy of atomically thin materials. AProf Wenlong Cheng (Chemical Engineering) – Plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies. Prof Yi-Bing Cheng (Materials Engineering) – Dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells. Dr. Wenhui Duan (Structures Engineering) – Composites with atomically thin materials as fillers for smart materials and structures. AProf John Forsythe (Materials Engineering) – Graphene-based biomaterials. Prof Michael S. Fuhrer (Director, Physics) – Electronic properties of atomically thin materials. Dr. Alison Funston (Chemistry) – Plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies. Prof Victor Galitski (Physics) – Condensed matter theory, topological phases. Prof Dan Li (Associate Director, Materials Engineering) – Soft materials science of graphene and graphene oxide; hierarchical assembly of graphene-based materials. Dr. Zhe Liu (Mechanical Engineering) – Modelling of moelcualr interactions with atomically thin materials. Dr. Mainak Majumder (Mechanical Engineering) – Membranes constructed from atomically thin materials. Dr. Nikhil Medhekar (Materials Engineering) – First-principles theory of atomically thin materials. Dr. Meera Parish (Physics) – Theory of electronic conduction in disordered two-dimensional materials. Dr. Agustin Schiffrin (Physics) – Electronic and optical properties of 2D molecular assemblies on surfaces. Prof George Simon (Materials Engineering) – Polymer/graphene interactions. Prof Raman Singh (Mechanical Engineering) – Graphene as a corrosion-resistant coating. Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Part I Atomically thin materials: New opportunities Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Why is condensed matter interesting? 1 cm3 block of material: ~1024 electrons Impossibly complex many-body problem! Yet can understand in terms of single-(quasi)particle problem, plus: Interactions → collective phenomena that can be understood magnetism, superconductivity, charge density waves… Disorder → weak and strong localization, Kondo effect, … 1 cm Interactions Disorder see e.g. “More Is Different,” P. W. Anderson, Science 177, 393 (1972) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Even when it’s simple, it’s different… The periodic potential in a solid can give rise to an effective single-particle Hamiltonian which is qualitatively different than Schrodinger equation for a free electron. free electron graphene 3D strong topological insulator E py E px p2 H py 2me px HvF ()σp Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Graphene Tight-binding model: (Wallace, 1947) 3k a k a k a E(k) E 1 4cos x cos y 4cos2 y F 0 (nearest neighbor overlap = γ0) 2 2 2 k∙p approximation: Hamiltonian: E 0 p ip F (r) F (r) v x y A A F p ip 0 x y FB (r) FB (r) H v (σ p) σ || k F K’ k σ K|| -k x Massless Dirac equation in 2D ky K Zero bandgap at K,K’ K’ points (two irreducible points) Gapless semiconductor Tunable metal Optical transitions at all energies High Fermi velocity – high conductivity Mechanically strong (E > 1 TPa) High thermal conductivity (κ > 5,000 W/m-K) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Topological Phases (full) energy band ψ k can be characterized by a topological number: 1 υ d 2k u k u k integer k k 2πi band Chern topological invariant (Thouless et al., 1982) Integer Quantum Hall Effect xy ρ , von Klitzing, 1980 xx ρ B e2 integer xy h Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Quantum Hall effect: a 2D Topological Insulator xy ρ , xx ρ B Fermi energy lies in gap – bulk insulator Identify Chern number with number of conducting 1D edge modes e2 integer 1D edge modes are chiral, carryxy currenth in one direction Dissipationless conductance e2/h per edge mode Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect Quantum Hall effect: Novoselov et al., Science 315, 1379 (2007) • Quantum-coherent orbits of electrons in high magnetic fields – requires ωcτ >> 1 (high field, low disorder) • Zero longitudinal resistance – current is carried without dissipation over macroscopic distances! Can be realized at room temperature (but large magnetic field = 29 Tesla) in graphene zero resistance Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University 2D Topological Insulators – QHE vs. QSHE k k -kF kF -kF kF The Quantum Hall effect (QHE) state The Quantum spin Hall effect spatially separates the two (QSHE) state spatially separates the chiral states of a spinless 1D liquid four chiral states of a spinful 1D liquid x x Benervig and Zhang, Kane and Mele (2005) Time reversal symmetry is broken (B ≠ 0) Time reversal symmetric (B = 0 possible!) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University 2D TI – quantum spin Hall effect - experiment x x “perfect” (dissipationless) 1D conducting channel Konig et al., Science 318, 766 (2007) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Generalize TI to 3D 2D - QSHE 3D – Strong Topological Insulator top edge 2D surface state k with Dirac dispersion -kF kF spin-momentum coupling x Γ x bottom edge k -kF kF Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University 3D Topological Insulators 3D “Strong Topological Insulator” Bi2(Se,Te)3 Due to inverted band structure, spin-orbit coupling, metallic 2D surface state on every surface Easily exfoliated to atomically-flat thin crystals 2D surface state has Dirac dispersion, spin-momentum locking amenable to van der Waals Γ epitaxy of thin films Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Transition-metal Dichalcogenides (Mo,W)(S,Se)2 are 2D semiconductors; single-layer has direct gap 1.5-1.9 eV graphene E C C k K K’ MoS2 E “symmetry-broken graphene” • Bandgap at K points • Spin-orbit coupling • Spin-valley coupling Mo S2 k • Optical excitation of spin/valley possible • Strong excitonic effects K K’ Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Atomically Thin Materials graphite Transition-metal dichalcogenides: “topological insulators” 2D semiconductors materials which have a and metals metallic 2D surface and insulating bulk MoS graphene 2 Bi2Se3 Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Atomically Thin Materials - Opportunities (1) New Materials silicene, germanene QSHE systems with Eg >> room temperature: • 1T’ phase of (Mo,W)(S,Se,Te)2 Qian et al., Science Express 20 November 2014 • Bilayer bismuth S. Murakami, PRL 97, 236805 (2006) • Few-layer Bi2Se3 PRB 80, 205401 (2009); PRB 81, 041307 (2010); PRB 81, 115407 (2010) • Silicene, germanene APL 102, 162412 (2013) Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Atomically Thin Materials - Opportunities (2) Every atom is a surface atom Control of surface → control of properties Adsorbates on surface can change properties: - Doping - Time-reversal symmetry breaking → local moments, magnetism, quantum anomalous Hall effect - Spin-orbit coupling → spin currents, quantum spin Hall effect - Inversion symmetry breaking → +/- bangap, gapless edge modes, valley currents, valleytronics Michael S. Fuhrer Monash University Atomically Thin Materials - Opportunities (3) Strong Coulomb interaction Coulomb interaction is poorly screened in 2D material - Enormous exciton binding energies, exciton-free charge (trion) binding → Exciton trapping, polariton condensates - Enormous electron-impurity binding energies → Atom- and molecule-like impurities, new types of defect engineering, strongly confined quantum dots and wires - Strongly-interacting electrons → Excitonic superfluidity in heterostructures → Superconductivity via repulsive interactions in nested bands Michael S. Fuhrer Monash
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Victor Galitski (UMC)
    Title: “Strong Correlations Meet Topology in Exotic Insulators” Abstract: Topological states of quantum matter represent a rapidly developing area of research, where a fascinating variety of exotic phenomena occur, ranging from unusual transport properties to fractionalized excitations that may emerge at system’s defects. Of particular recent interest has been the topic of strongly-interacting topological phases, where electronic correlations and topology both play an important role. In this talk, I will review recent theoretical and experimental work on a relatively new class of such interacting topological material system – topological Kondo insulators, which appear as a result of interplay between strong correlations and spin-orbit interactions. I will start by explaining in simple terms the basics of topological quantum matter, including the by now standard theory of topological band insulators. Then, I will use these concepts to show that the conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments in certain heavy fermion compounds hybridize to give rise to a topological insulating behavior. I will explain key experimental results, which have confirmed our predictions in the Samarium hexaboride heavy fermion compound, where the long-standing puzzle of the residual low- temperature conductivity has been shown to originate from topological surface states. I will also mention several recent theory-experiment collaborative projects that led to the development of a “topological device” and new methods to extend topological behavior in Kondo insulators from a few Kelvin to room temperature. In conclusion, I will discuss a series of recent puzzling experiments, which unexpectedly observed quantum oscillations, typical to a metal, coming from an inert, insulating bulk of Kondo insulators, which may represent a smoking gun of a new fractionalized state of matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae of Victor M. Yakovenko
    Curriculum Vitae of Victor M. Yakovenko I certify that this Curriculum Vitae is accurate and complete. Signature: March 8, 2021 1 Personal Information Victor M. Yakovenko Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4111, USA Professor, promoted July 1, 2004 http://physics.umd.edu/~yakovenk/ Education 1984 { 1987 : Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow Ph.D. in theoretical physics, advisor: L. P. Gor'kov 1978 { 1984 : Moscow Physical-Technical Institute M.S. in physics, advisor: S. A. Brazovskii Employment 7/1/2004 { present : Full Professor, Department of Physics, University of Maryland 7/1/1999 { 6/30/2004 : Associate Professor, Department of Physics, University of Maryland 8/17/1993 { 6/30/1999 : Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, University of Maryland 1991 { 1993 : Research Associate, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, advisor: E. Abrahams 1987 { 1991 : Research Scientist, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, department of I. E. Dzyaloshinskii Visiting Positions 1{2/2009 : Santa Fe Institute and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, New Mexico 8{11/2008 : Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique et Mod`elesStatistiques, Universit´eParis-Sud, Orsay 8/1991 : Interdisciplinary Research Center in Superconductivity, Cambridge University, Britain 4{8/1990 : Institute for Scientific Interchange, Turin, Italy 5{7/1989 : Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universit´eParis-Sud, Orsay, France Participation in long-term workshops at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, California 8/2009 : \The Physics of Higher Temperature Superconductivity" 4{5/2009 : \Low Dimensional Electron Systems" 12/2007 : \Sr2RuO4 and Chiral p-wave Superconductivity" 3{4/2005 : \Quantum Phase Transitions" 5{6/2004 : \Exotic Order and Criticality in Quantum Matter" 10{12/2002 : \Realistic Theories of Correlated Electron Materials" 1 2 Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activities The name of V.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae 1 Personal Information Victor M. GALITSKI Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics within the College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences (CMNS) at the University of Maryland, College Park Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute Business Address: Physics Department, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-4111 Phone: 301.405.6107 Fax: 301.314.9465 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://terpconnect.umd.edu/∼galitski/ Degrees August 2002 : Ph.D. in theoretical condensed matter physics with the focus on superconductivity Thesis title: \Quantum Fluctuations in Superconductors" (Advisor: Prof. A. Larkin) Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis August 1999 : Ph.D. in applied math (asymptotic methods for solving partial differential equations applied to magneto-hydrodynamics of turbulent flows) Thesis title: \Spectrum of Parker's equations" (Advisor: Prof. D. Sokoloff) Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia April 1998 : M.S. degree in Engineering (diploma Cum Laude), MEPhI Employment 04/2019 onwards : Chesapeake Chair of Theoretical Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 07/2013 onwards : Full Professor, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 01/2016 onwards : Honorary Professor at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 06/2017 onwards : Editor, Annals of Physics, New York, NY 09/2006 onwards : Fellow of the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park 07/2011 { 6/2013 : Associate Professor with tenure,
    [Show full text]
  • Transport of Dirac Electrons in a Random Magnetic Field in Topological Heterostructures
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity 6-6-2016 Transport of Dirac electrons in a random magnetic field in topological heterostructures Hilary M. Hurst University of Maryland, [email protected] Dimitry K. Efimkin University of Maryland Victor Galitski University of Maryland Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/faculty_rsca Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons Recommended Citation Hilary M. Hurst, Dimitry K. Efimkin, and Victor Galitski. "Transport of Dirac electrons in a random magnetic field in opologicalt heterostructures" Physical Review B (2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/ physrevb.93.245111 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYSICAL REVIEW B 93, 245111 (2016) Transport of Dirac electrons in a random magnetic field in topological heterostructures Hilary M. Hurst,1 Dmitry K. Efimkin,1 and Victor Galitski1,2 1Joint Quantum Institute and Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA 2School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (Received 8 March 2016; published 6 June 2016) We consider the proximity effect between Dirac states at the surface of a topological insulator and a ferromagnet with easy plane anisotropy, which is described by the XY model and undergoes a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition. The surface states of the topological insulator interacting with classical magnetic fluctuations of the ferromagnet can be mapped onto the problem of Dirac fermions in a random magnetic field.
    [Show full text]
  • Coherent Order and Transport in Spin-Active Systems
    SPICE Online Workshop November 17th - 19th 2020, Mainz, Germany COHERENT ORDER AND TRANS- PORT IN SPIN-ACTIVE SYSTEMS THIS WORKSHOP IS SUPPORTED BY COHERENT ORDER AND TRANSPORT IN SPIN-ACTIVE SYSTEMS SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZERS WolfgangBelzig (UniversityofKonstanz) KatharinaFranke (FreieUniversitaetBerlin) Akashdeep Kamra (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) COORDINATION AND GUEST RELATIONS Elena Hilp Institute of Physics Staudinger Weg 7 55128 Mainz, Germany Phone: +49 171 – 6206497 [email protected] FIND US ON SOCIAL MEDIA facebook.com/spicemainz youtube.com/c/spicemainz Program - Day 1 ........................................................................................................................... 6 Program - Day 2 ........................................................................................................................... 7 Program - Day 3 ........................................................................................................................... 8 Speaker Abstracts - Day 1.......................................................................................................... 10 Speaker Abstracts - Day 2.......................................................................................................... 15 Speaker Abstracts - Day 3.......................................................................................................... 24 Poster Abstracts ......................................................................................................................... 36 List
    [Show full text]
  • Topological Kondo Insulators Arxiv:1506.05635V1 [Cond-Mat.Str-El]
    Topological Kondo Insulators Maxim Dzero1;2, Jing Xia,2 Victor Galitski,3;4 and Piers Coleman5;6 1 Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA 2 Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, N¨othnitzerstr. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA 4 Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 5 School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia 6 Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA 7 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK xxxxxx 2016. 6:1{34 Keywords This article's doi: Kondo lattice, heavy fermions, topological insulators 10.1146/((please add article doi)) Copyright c 2016 by Annual Reviews. Abstract All rights reserved Accepted as an article in the Annual This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental Review of Condensed Matter Physics, work on a new class of topological material - topological Volume 7 (2016). Kondo insulators, which develop through the interplay of strong correlations and spin-orbit interactions. The his- tory of Kondo insulators is reviewed along with the theo- arXiv:1506.05635v1 [cond-mat.str-el] 18 Jun 2015 retical models used to describe these heavy fermion com- pounds. The Fu-Kane method of topological classification of insulators is used to show that hybridization between the conduction electrons and localized f-electrons in these systems gives rise to interaction-induced topological insu- lating behavior. Finally, some recent experimental results are discussed, which appear to confirm the theoretical pre- diction of the topological insulating behavior in Samarium hexaboride, where the long-standing puzzle of the residual low-temperature conductivity has been shown to originate from robust surface states.
    [Show full text]
  • “An Open World of Physics: a Celebration of Sankar Das Sarma's
    “An open world Confirmed Speakers Eugene Demler, Harvard, Massachusetts Matthew Fisher, UCSB, California Michael Freedman, Microsoft, of physics: California Steve Girvin, Yale, Connecticut Bert Halperin, Harvard, Massachusetts Philip A celebration of Kim, Columbia, New York Klaus von Klitzing, Stuttgart, Germany Leo Kouwenhoven, Delft, Sankar Das Sarma’s Netherlands Tony Leggett, UIUC, Illinois Allan Macdonald, UT-Austin,Texas Charlie Marcus, Copenhagen, Denmark Andy Millis, Columbia, research career on New York Bill Phillips, NIST and UMD College Park, Maryland Aron Pinczuk, Columbia, New York Subir his 60th birthday” Sachdev, Harvard, Massachusetts Amir Yacoby, Harvard, Massachusetts Peter Zoller, Innsbruck, Austria Organizing Committee Saturday March 16 and Sunday March 17, 2013* Shaffique Adam, Yale-NUS College, Singapore Janet Das Sarma, University of Maryland Venue University of Maryland Victor Galitski, University of Maryland Jainendra Jain, Pennsylvania State University * This is the weekend prior to the 2013 APS March meeting in Baltimore, which might Chetan Nayak, UCSB, California allow some participants the convenience of combining the two meetings into one trip XinCheng Xie, Peking University, China http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~galitski/SDS_Workshop/ AN OPEN WORLD OF PHYSICS MARCH 16 - 17 2013 A CELEBRATION OF SANKAR DAS SARMA'S RESEARCH CAREER ON HIS 60TH BIRTHDAY PROGRAM University of Maryland College Park, MD Organizing Committee: Shaffique Adam, Yale-NUS College, Singapore Janet Das Sarma, University of Maryland Victor Galitski, University of Maryland Jainendra Jain, Pennsylvania State University Chetan Nayak, UCSB, California XinCheng Xie, Peking University, China Students and postdocs mentored by Sankar Das Sarma: D. Abergel, S. Adam, E. Barnes, R. Barnett, D. Belitz, A. Bhattacharya, J. Biddle, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Anton Burkov
    Anton Burkov Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Email: [email protected] Ph: 519-888-4567, ext: 36901 WWW: http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/∼aburkov PERSONAL: Place of birth: Saint Petersburg, Russia. Citizenship: Canada, Russia. EDUCATION: 1999 - 2002: Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. PhD (Physics): May 2002. Advisor: Allan MacDonald. 1996 - 1999: Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. M.S.(Physics): December 1998. 1990 - 1996: Saint Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Diploma (Solid State Physics): June 1996. EMPLOYMENT: 2020-present: Associate Faculty, Perimeter Institute. 2018-present: Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo. 2012-2018: Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo. 2007-2012: Assistant Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo. 2005 - 2007: Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Physics, Harvard University (supervisor: Eugene Demler). 2002 - 2005: Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara (supervisor: Leon Balents). VISITING AND ADJUNCT APPOINTMENTS: May 2015-May 2017: Department of Electrical Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. May-June 2011: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara. February-April 2011: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology. FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS, HONORS: 1 • APS Outstanding
    [Show full text]
  • Springer Theses
    Springer Theses Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research Aims and Scope The series “Springer Theses” brings together a selection of the very best Ph.D. theses from around the world and across the physical sciences. Nominated and endorsed by two recognized specialists, each published volume has been selected for its scientific excellence and the high impact of its contents for the pertinent field of research. For greater accessibility to non-specialists, the published versions include an extended introduction, as well as a foreword by the student’s supervisor explaining the special relevance of the work for the field. As a whole, the series will provide a valuable resource both for newcomers to the research fields described, and for other scientists seeking detailed background information on special questions. Finally, it provides an accredited documentation of the valuable contributions made by today’s younger generation of scientists. Theses are accepted into the series by invited nomination only and must fulfill all of the following criteria • They must be written in good English. • The topic should fall within the confines of Chemistry, Physics, Earth Sciences, Engineering and related interdisciplinary fields such as Materials, Nanoscience, Chemical Engineering, Complex Systems and Biophysics. • The work reported in the thesis must represent a significant scientific advance. • If the thesis includes previously published material, permission to reproduce this must be gained from the respective copyright holder. • They must have been examined and passed during the 12 months prior to nomination. • Each thesis should include a foreword by the supervisor outlining the significance of its content. • The theses should have a clearly defined structure including an introduction accessible to scientists not expert in that particular field.
    [Show full text]