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Collis Potter Huntington Papers, 1821-1900

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Collis Potter Huntington Papers, 1821-1900 Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Guides to Manuscript Collections Search Our Collections 1979 0269: Collis Potter Huntington Papers, 1821-1900 Marshall University Special Collections Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/sc_finding_aids Part of the Other History Commons, Public History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Collis Potter Huntington Papers, 1821-1900, Accession No. 1979/08.0269, Special Collections Department, Marshall University, Huntington, WV. This Finding Aid is brought to you for free and open access by the Search Our Collections at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Guides to Manuscript Collections by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ii REGISTER OF THE Collis P. Huntington Papers Accession Number: 1979/08.0269 Special Collections Department James E. Morrow Library Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia Scope and Content: Capitalist, railroad magnate. Papers consist of incoming correspondence, letterpress copy books, legal and financial papers, and personal papers. Reel allocations are as follows: incoming correspondence (54 reels), letterpress copy books (35 reels), legal and financial papers (23 reels), and personal papers (3 reels). Note: This finding aid contains a reel list. Also included in the collection is a guide to the collection, titled, "The Collis P. Huntington Papers, 1856-1901: A Guide to the Microfilm Edition" by the Microfilming Corporation of America, which delves more deeply into the Series contained in the collection and additional background information. ii Now, through the m.icrofilm edition of this unique collection, students, scholars and researchers everywhere ii can explore-in depth-a broad range of topics in the areas of 19th - century business, industry, transpor- tation, labor and politics. Plus, the almost day-to-day business dealings of a prem.ier railroad fmancier responsible for the completion of the western section of the first trans- continental railroad in the lJ nited States-Collis P. Huntington. THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST THE COLLIS P. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD It was called the most ·'colossal and daring enterprise in American history"-the con- HUNTINGTON struction of the transcontinental railroad ... firsthand accounts of the Central Pacific's PAPERS, race to complete its 1,086 miles of railroad to join with the Union Pacific in 1869 at Promon- ta5&-19m tory, Utah ... the engineering feats ... the day-to-day financing ... the price of labor ... More than 65,000 items from railroad the high cost of political dealing to acquire officials, (inanciers, industrialists, land grants ... the driving of the Golden bankers, lawyers, lobbyists and con- Spike and the birth of the industrial republic. gressmen. Plus, 222 letterpress copy HUNTINGTON AND THE "BIG FOUR" books of outgoing correspondence In addition to Huntington, three of the most • never before available to. researchers! influential men of their time were responsible fur the Central Pacific's reaching its goal: The Collis P. Huntington Papers from the Mark Hopkins-Huntington's hardware George Arents Research Library at Syracuse business partner and later in charge of the University is recognized as a most significant day-to-day business of building the railroad. source for in-depth scholarly research into the Leland Stanford-from grocer to gover- career of a leading 19th-century entrepreneur. nor of California and the Central Pacific's first Now this comprehensive collection is president. widely available to researchers and scholars of Charles Crocker-the dry-goods mer- 19th-century American economics, business, chant eventually the "construction boss" of the transportation, labor and political history. railroad and largely responsible for bring- ing The business correspondence and legal and 8,000 Chinese laborers from Canton to financial files in the Huntington Papers offer complete the project. documentation for a wide range of research With Huntington managing the railroad possibilities including: affairs on the East Coast and the other three supervising activities in the West, an almost THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE daily correspondence developed, spanning WESTERN UNITED STATES more than 30 years. the panic of 1873 ... the growth of Califor- This rich correspondence offers insight nia ... the opening of cross-country trade with into popular criticism that the "Big Four" the completion of the transcontinental railroad were out for their own interests or, as Chief ... the de\·elopment and growth of the mining Engineer Theodore 1udas said, "to maximize industry and of the construc tion camps that construction profits even at the cost of sound became major American cities. engineering." ii The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads link the nation, May 10. 1869. Photograph courtesy of Stanford L' nit:ersity Archit:es. 19TH-CENTU RY POLITICS Correspondence to and from H untington Correspondence between Huntington and the presents yet another - more personal - other members of the ''Big Four" often deals view of business and finances with commentary with the political matters of the clay, particu- on the civil suits and governmental hearings in larly the use made of politicians to obtain land which the "Big Four" were involved . The lat - grants and bonds necessary t o complete the ter, which center around the alleged misappli- more than 1.000 miles of railway. cation of funds received from Congress, were Huntington was open ahout his relationship in Huntington's words, "unproved assaults." with Congressmen and Senators. AN AMERICAN PHILANTHROPIST In ovember of 1867 he wrote to Hopkins: His international reputation as a multi- "'I returned from Washington this morning. millionaire railroad magna te and art con nois- While Chere, I called on all the California seur caused Huntington to receive thousands members (Congress) . Of course Connes, of letters from individuals, charities and Cole and Higby are all right, but Axtell was institutions - all seeking funds. all wrong and Johnson, so, so, but I have In some instances Huntington responded little fear t hat I can control them both." with financial aid, particularly for t he educa- tion of black students in t he South . In a letter dated Februa11· of the following Scholars will now have an oppo rt unity, through year Huntington wrote of Axtell . .. this microform collect ion, to assess H untington's "Axtell is the best man that we have ever probable motivations for his contributions as had from California. I have employed him well as the types of as our attorney (confidential). I had a long charities he selected . sitting with him ... he will (delete) THE MANY DIRECTIONS OF THE Johnson, I think, without much trouble ." RAILROAD MAGNATE'S CAREER Also to be traced through the H ll ntington Once the transcontinen tal railroad was com- Papers are the founding and development of pleted Huntington acquired new in terests - the Republican Party of California, the career land companies, steamship lines, the Chesa- of Governor Stanford, 19th-centul)' lobbying peake Dry Dock Construction Company and efforts, and state and national elections for the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Doc k more than 30 years. Construction Company. Evaluations in the late 1890's showed t hat H ECONOMICS, FINANCES AN D untingto n's real esta te holdings in New York LEGA L EMBROILMENTS City were worth $3 million; in California, more Comprehensive legal and financial files pro- than $2 million; and t he Old Dominion Land vide an unequaled account of 19th -century Company, organized to develop Newport News business and finance as well as an overall and the surrounding country, a t $2 million . picture of the American economy from The Chesapeake and Ohio system railroad, 1863-1901. which totaled about 2,592 miles, represented There are also significant materials con- a capital value of about $168,654,860. The cerning Huntington's personal and corporate Southern Pacific Company's system, which finances and real esta te dealings. consisted of 26 distinct corporations, ran about ii 8, 771 miles of rail and :3,565 miles of wate r Early correspondence traces the building of lines, totaling about $621,678,718. the transcontinental railroad after the Central Mexican and Guatemalan rail lines ran about Pacific started construction. There is anal- 113 miles and were valued at $42,410,200; most daily record of cost estimates and time and the Newport News, Va. shipyard and other schedules in the race to completion and much industrial enterprises in Mexico represented discussion on land grant provisions needed to a capital of $13,565,000. continue construction. At his death, Huntington left a personal The drive for Goat Island estate estimated at $27 million. Accounts of these acquisitions are included Also included in the correspondence from the in the microfilm edition of Huntington's legal 1860's is the groundwork laid by Huntington and financial files. to acquire Goat Island in San Francisco Bay as the western tenninus for his railroad. This HUNTINGTON-AN INTERNATIONAL FIGURE would have opened up an international freight Huntington's dreams to obtain land and build trade for Huntington, but defeat of a congress- railroads outside of the United States prompt- ional bill in 1873 ended his years of planning. ed correspondence with many prominent world For ten years following the completion of figures. Included in the microfilm collection the railroad in 1869, a main topic of corre- are his dealings with Sir William MacKinnon, spondence concerns government payments head of the British Imperial East Africa for transpo1tation of mail and troops-with Company and Francis W. Fox who added to Huntington and his associates continually Huntington's enthusiasm for a railway in the devising new ways to get more money from the Congo. Also included is correspondence government for their services. related to this interest in Mexican railways. The demands of business fame The microfilm edition of the CoUis Huntington's reputation as a railroad magnate P.
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