Ipage o •• 1 I 1994 -1995 COMMITTEE.
President...... DAVE THORN ...... 763 - 5576 Vice President STEPHEN YOUNG 379 - 6820 Secretary GRAHAM ROWE 560 - 7472 Treasurer...... KEITH PATFORD.. 716 - 2425 Editor AART LANGELAAR. .. 783 - 5386 Trading Table Secretary JOHN REEVES.. 803 - 4109 Librarian scon HAYMES. . 898 - 4870 Show Secretary TRAVIS HINGSTON 885 - 6818 Social Secretary...... KATHY BREWARD 752 -2103 Committee at large: JAN REEVES 803 - 4109 LYNDA VAN POOSS 888 - 2183 AUSSIE MAGNUSSEN 546 - 2974 JOHN McCORMICK.. 059 - 443 - 502 LIFE MEMBERS
11 Graham Rowe on Heinz staude n' Kevin Archibald '00 Keith Patford on Danny Genovese on I
HONORARY MEMBERS
11 on Mu Davenport on Dr. Angus Martin on 11
SUB - COMMITTEES SPECIES MAlNTENANCE:- Scott Haymes, John Reeves, Graham Rowe. MAlLlNG:- Helyna & Dave Thorn, Aart Langelaar. BREEDERS ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS:- John Reeves. ACCOMMODATION:- Danny Genovese, John Reeves, Graham Rowe, Daryl Hutchins. AFFILIATIONS The Victorian Cichlid Society Incorporated is a member of The Australian Federation of Cichlid Societies.
", Ipage...3 I [p"age...2]
~{)llt~llt~ . Committee 1994-'95 ...... 1 Contents .. . . . 2 invitation...... 3 Cichlid Scene . .Inslde Front Page Editorial '" . ..4 The Library and Video list...... 18,19 Table Show Report . .. 26 Cartoon Corner .' .. . 27 Rowemm' 'Round ...... 28,29 Jawlockings .. . . 29 Scrambled Word and Spot the 10 differences . 32,33 Statement of Purpose . 34 Acknowledgement & Public Notice 35 November Minutes...... 36
ARTICLES: Biology of filters, by Robin Durand .... 5,6,7,8,9, 10 To cure or not to cure, by Aart Langelaar. .. 11,13 External parasites in fish, by Norm Halliwell ... 14,15,16 INV/ll1l/()N. . Treatment and diagnOSIs of Fish Diseases, 20.21.22,23.24.25 Treatment of Ectoparasite, by Norm HallJwell.. . 30,31 The Committee of E.D.A.S. has kindly exrended an invitation to all members AIM.§...... nE VICTORIAN CICtLJD SOCETY WCORPORATED was formed by cid1IIdoptiIes In of March 1972 and thus became the first specialised aquarists ~ In the State of VICtoria. The Victorian Cichlid Society Incorporated Its aims are:· IleepIng cJchIIda ; ~n .nd dlaemlntlR Icnowledge their to promote the at to at to come andjoin them at their Chri~tmas BreaK Up Party, IMb/ta thtough .1de8 ,",,,.., books, Iectwea, magllZ/nea, IIItJda by IfIIIHfIbeI'a and ewe,.. lO dlea..", with fellow".".,. or othere..,. In the field. • 'THE CICHLlD MOKTHlY • which will be a night remeber as they hold their is ptbIished eleYen times per year and is registered by Australia Post (PP3427801OO24). AUc.-r'Cr,,~ DISCLAIMER:- the opinions expressed herein are those ofUle althors. and are NOT necessa~those of followed by an excellent \~ the Editor of TCM or The Cormittee of The VICtorian CichIid Society Incorporated. 2. -; b .' . COMM~ICATION ON SUBJECTS RAISED IS ENCOURAGED. to be held on Friday 9th, December, The Eley Park Community Hall, REPRINTS:- copvright. VICtorian Cichlid Society Incorporated 1994. 0 .... Eley Road, SOUTH BLACKBURN. Anyone wishing to reprint material ft"orn any edition of ~ CIchIld MontI1Iy" in their reQiftr Club Magazine ( not other publications which ate .wd ) may do so ( unIea the artJde I,."CIfI'rlea • copyright notice). provided that due credit is given to the author and rrlle Cichlid Monthly" lD1d one copy of the relevart TABLE SHOW CALENDAR... publication is forwarded to the aLthor care of the secretary. Enquiries re the use of material In any other publication may also be di'e<:ted to: . THE SECRETARY, VICTORIAN CICHLI> SOCETY WCORPORATED, 9.... Dec...... African & Asian. 23 MANGANA DRIVE , .....GRAVE VICTORIA 3170. AUSTRALIA. ~ Baby Show... 1O.. Feb ...... AfTHIncan &Asian.. 11 .. March...... Cichlid of YOUR CHOICE. -00000000<> Ipage...41 Ipage...s I
BIOLOGY of FILTERS..... Understanding hiouJgicaJjiltration can mean the difference hetween success andfailure !! by: Robin HW'lUld. EDITORIAL.... Aquarlmn Fish Magazine AllgIut 1991. Last month we discussed mechanical and chemical filtration and how they are First of all to all our readers, necessary for maintaining acceptable water quality in your aquarium HA Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. H Biological filtration is also necessary and, in fact, is probably the most important of We decided to send a bonus Christmas Issue this VI the three. Unlike mechanical and chemical filtration, which use in-organic means year, 36 pages, which I believe to be the biggest to remove harmful substances from the water, biological filtration uses bacterial December issue in the history of the Society. activity to ach ieve the same end. Hot on the heels of two fantastic main talks by © To appreciate the importance of biological filtration, you need to understand a very Rick Datodi on diseases plus the fact that at this basic process that occurs in the tank that is known as the nitrogen cycle time of year aquaria have a tendency to play The nitrogen cycle begins with ammonia, a nitrogenous compound made up of second fiddle, due to either going away, having ~Inc. nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia is the product of fish respiration and visitors or just too much concentration on one liquid metabolism, and the decay of fish wastes, uneaten foods and dead organisms. and not enough on the one which fish swim in. Ammonia is very toxic to fish. It reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen and What ever .. tank neglect seems to be hIghest in these two months ahead, whIch attacks and destroys the mucus layer in the gills. High levels of ammonia can kill can lead to all sorts of ailments infections and quite often wipe outs. your fish very quickly, but constant low levels will cause chronic physical stress Subsequently we have collected a series of articles all dealing with maintenance that, among other things, weakens the ability of the fish's immune system to resist prevention and curing of fish maladies and Infestation of parasites parasitic and bacterial infections. Although you cannot see ammonia in the water, you can determine the amount of ammonia present by using an ammonia test kit, OUR SPECIAL THREE MONTH RAFFLE FOR A COMPLETE 30" TANK SET UP something every aquarist should own and use on a regular basis. The maximum WILL BE DRAWN THIS MEETING, some tickets are still available, level of ammonia that most fish can tolerate is never more than 0.01 to 0.02 see Lynda Van Pooss, at the December meeting for your last chance on this milligrams per litre. The concentrations of ammonia vary depending on the for ever" Getting Bigger Collection." temperature and the pH of the water. Suffice it to say that In a well managed aquarium, ammonia levels should be unmeasurable with an aquarium test kit. By With regards to .. THE BABY SHOW' a traditional silver cup will be awarded to the way, in order to get a true reading of water quality, all test kit measurements the following two categones: should be taken before making a partial water change Natural removal of LESS THAN.... THREE MONTHS OLD & THREEto SIX MONTHS OLD FISH. dangerous ammonia from water occurs as a result of beneficial nitrifying bacteria that utelise ammonia as food. These bacteria (Nitrosomonas spp.) colonize all the surfaces in your aquarium, as well as the mechanical and chemical filter We would like welcome our NEW MEMBERS.... media. As the ammonia is consumed, these bacteria convert into nitrite. Nitrite Micheal Cotterell. is, comparatively speaking, less toxic than ammonia, but is still toxic to fish. The Glenn Briggs. effects of sub-lethal nitrite levels are similar to those of ammonia. Nitrite is lethal Don Olney. at levels 10 to 20 milligrams per litre, but even levels as low as 0.1 milligrams per litre are considered dangerous to many species of tropical fish. You should test the nitrite levels in your tank regUlarly with a nitrite test kit. A second type of nitrifying bacteria ( Nitrobacter spp.) take over where the first type left off and metabolize the nitrite into relatively harmless Nitrate. Ipage...& J Ipage...7 f Moderate levels of nitrate will generally not harm freshwater fish. Nitrate build up If too many fish are added to quickly, the bacteria will not have time to multiply to in tank water can be reduced by regular partial water changes Plants will also handle the larger amounts of ammonia and nitrite and the result will be a sudden utelize nitrate as food. Ideally, nitrate levels should be kept below 50 milligrams jump in ammonia and nitrite readings. It is the inttlal cycling of ammonia and per litre in freshwater tanks. Even though nitrifying bacteria occur naturally in your nitrite during these first several weeks that is responsible for most of the death aquarium, the process of nitrification in a newly set up tank does not start right and dying fish that new hobbyists are horrified to discover in their aquariums The away, which is why it is a good idea to stock a tank slowly. It needs time to break situation is so common that it is known as "new tank syndrome" The more fish in or "cycle". Cycling refers to the time required for enough nitrifying bacteria to that are in the tank to start with the worse the problem can be. Under these exist in the tank and complete the nitrogen cycle properly... generally about 4 to 6 circumstances, it's hard for new aquarists to remain enthusiastIc about the hobby. weeks. The cycle is started with the introduction of ammonia into the water. After It is difficult to resist stocking the tank to capacity as soon as every thing is set the tank has been set up for at least 24 hours, you can add a few hardy fish, such and running. I have to admit guilt in this department myself When I first started as danios and barbs, to supply the ammonia in the water. Or, you can use in the hobby, I knew nothing about the nitrogen cycle. I spent a year setting up my sufficient plain, household ammonia ( no additives or scented ammonia) to bring tank, dumpmg In a tank full of fish, killing them and start tearing down the tank to the test kit reading to 10 milligrams per litre. Initially, there are not enough start all over again. I learned the hard way that patience pays off when setting UP bacteria in a new tank to handle all of the ammonia in the water. Sometimes, it a new tank. Even though nitrifying bacteria exist naturally in your aquarium, they can a week or more for bacteria to multiply enough to handle normal ammonia do not exist in sufficient numbers to provide adequate biological filtration for a tank loads in the aquarium. The same is true for the bacteria that consume nitrite with average stocking levels Therefore, in order to maintain good water quality in ( which are inhibited from multiplying at first because of the high initial level of the typical aquarium,some sort of biological filtration system is needed. Ideally, ammonia in the water). You can monitor this process with your test kits. The this system should provide the nitrifying bactena with a constant supply of well cycling process will be evident, as the ammonia levels and then the nitrite oxygenated water and a large surtace area to colonise. There are several types of levels .....rise quickly and then begin to drop. This process is proof that the biological filters and bio-media available. Undergravel filters are the. most popular numbers of bacteria in the tank are increasing. When there are enough bacteria, form of biological filtration because they are inexpensive, unobtrusive and easy to the ammonia and nitrite will become unmeasurable. At this point, it is safe to maintain slowly add more fish to your tank. Remember, there are only enough bacteria in the tank to handle the load from thf' original fish All Aquarium & Pet Supplies P/L THEY~RE BACK! (Cichlidariurn) 8 Dunoon ert, Mulgrave, Vic 3170 (off Police Road)
We specialise in CICHlIDS, NATIVES, KILlIFISH, MARINES YOUR FISH DESERVE and all other rare species. THE BEST! EVERYTHING FOR THE AQUARIUM Phone: (03) 546 1025 OSI FLAKES AND Business hours: SPECIAL FOODS FAMA Mon-Sat 9 am-7 pm; Sunday 11 am-5 pm. Wednesday Closed. NOW AVAILABLE IN (Freshwater &. Marine AUSTRALIA. Aquarium Magazine) See your Friendly Local AT AN AQUARIUM Victoria's First and Original Cichlid Centre Dealer. NEAR YOU! Trade enquiries: 560 7472. Trade enquiries: 560 7472. Fax: (03) 560 7028. Fax: (03) 560 7028. Ipage...91 Ipage...el I have noted previously that if your undergravel filter comes with cartridges of An undergravel filter consists of a slotted plate carbon that fit onto the lift tubes, you should throw them out. The minimal amount and one or more lift tubes. The filter plate, of carbon that they contain provides minimal chemical filtration that will last for which should cover the entire floor of the tank only a couple of days at best. Even worse, these cartridges significantly restrict if possible, is hidden by a layer of gravel. the flow of water through the lift tubes. For efficient chemical filtration, it is best to Water flows down through the gravel and use a power filter that is designed to hold a sufficient amount of chemical filtration under the plate before being returned to the media for your tank Undergravel filters work well in most freshwater tanks. They main part of the tank through the lift tubes. are simple and reliable. However, some basic maintenance is necessary if the Nitrifying bacteria will colonise the individual filter is going to function effectively over a long period of time. Weekly partial pieces of gravel and biologically filter the water changes of 10 to 20 % are important for reducing dissolved wastes in the water as it passes through the gravel bed. As water that filtration can not remove. When you do the water changes, you also we have already noted, it takes time for the have an opportunity to remove the detritus that accumulates in the gravel If you bacteria to multiply. You can speed up the CICHLIDS SPECIALIST neglect to do this, areas of the gravel bed will become clogged. Because water cycling process by "seeding" your tank with GOLD FISH takes the path of least resistance, it will flow around these clogged areas, gravel from an established tank. Dont forget resulting in oxygen poor "dead spots" Once they are deprived of oxygen, the that every time you add another fish to the MARINE FISH nitrifying bacteria in these areas will die and anaerobic bacteria will take over. tank, the biological load increases. ASSORTED PLANTS These bacteria do not live in a healthy aquarium. To prevent anaerobic conditions Therefore, always add new fish a few at the from developing, always remove water from the bottom of the tank during water time and regularly monitor the ammonia and & changes while gently stirring the gravel to release trapped particles, such as nitrite levels with your test kits. ALL ACCESSORIES uneaten food or fish wastes. A hydro "vacuum" ( gravel syphon) is an The depth of the gravel bed and the size of indispensable item that works very effectively at keeping the gravel clean. One the pieces of gravel are important. Generally TRADING HOURS: end has a large tube that can be pushed into the gravel bed. As water is a gravel depth of 2 to 3 inches (5 - 7.6 cm) is syphoned from the tank, the gravel is swirled around but not removed from the recommended. A gravel size of 1/8" (3mm) Monday • Friday .... 10.30 • 8.30 aquarium and the detritus released is syphoned from the tank. It is generally is ideal. Smaller sized gravel will provide a htwday • .. .. '.00 -5.30 Sunday • .• .. 10.30 .5.30 recommended that only half the grave! bed be vacuumed this way with each water larger total surface area for the bacteria to change. This avoids disturbing all of the bacteria in the gravel bed. colonise, but the gravel tends to pack down If you find that you have to vacuum more often than thiS, you are probably over and restrict water flow through the gravel bed. ASK FOR feeding your fish or have an over stocked tank. Much of the particulate matter that Larger pieces offer less total surface area and BEN - MARY works its way into the gravel bed can be removed before it does so by uSing a more particles tend to become trapped in power filter to provide mechanical filtration. Despite their popularity, undergravel spaces of the gravel bed, restricting the flow lfr 888 - 5513 filters have some draw backs. If it becomes necessary to medicate the tank, be of water. Nitrifying bacteria require a constant aware that some medications, when used at effective dosages ( particularly those supply of water with high levels of dissolved methyline blue or erythromycin) will kill the beneficial bacteria. Your tank will then oxygen in order to thrive. The rate of flow of have to cycle all over again. There is disagreement as to whether undergravel water must be fast enough for the bacteria to filters are o. k. to use with five plants Some hobbyists feel that the constant flow work effectively. A large air pump will of water around the roots is not good for the plants, while others feel that this is generate more than enough bubbles from air not a problem. There are certain species of fish, particularly some cichlids, whos stones to drive an undergravel filter efficiently .BALWYN .\ (J l .\ f{ I l \ I natural behaVIour includes rearranging the gravel This constant moving of gravel while providing aeration of the tank. Some creates areas on the filter plate that have little or no gravel, which essentially stops aquarists, however, prefer to use power the undergravel filter from operating. Therefore, undergravel filters are not the heads, which sit on top of the lift tubes. solution for biological filtration when keeping these species of fish. Power heads can pull a lot of water through a 473 Whitehorse Rd & Brenbeal St. gravel bed, but make sure the model you choose has an aeration feature that will BALWYN 3103 agitate the surface of the water. i Ipage..10 I Ipage.. 11 I
To cure or not to Cure I!! by A art LangeJ.aar.
All sorts of dreadful aIlments can besiege our fish, some caused by sheer neglect whereas on other occasions the cause could be stress from other fish or from dormant or existing non apparent diseases pnor to purchase. Let us have a look at a particularly nasty handicap...... Blindness. There are several factors to be taken in consideration as to the cause of blindness: ( 1 }.. .Injury, which ;s reasonably self explanatory. ( 2 )...Incorrect and or Over Medication, for instance any medication containing TETRACYCLlNE- HYDROCLORYDE has to be used with extreme care as an over dose can cause acute and total blindness. Tetracycline is a generic, antibiotic drug, scheduled as 54 under the poison act, and is used in a broad range in humans and animals to cure infections. Hydrochloride is a salt formed by combining Hydrochloric Acid with an organic There are people in the aquarium and pet stores who insist that undergravel filters base, such as an amine. ( Any aminic substances denote the presence of NH ). are dirty and make it all but impossible to keep fish. In most cases these 2 individuals have used undergravel filters in tanks with other problems, such as too A fairly potent concoction, as a matter of fact it is a very good ground rule to read many fish or fish that have been over fed. In addition, it is likely that no not only the instructions but the contents of any medication prior to use. maintenance.was done on the gravel bed. When properly set up and maintained, ( 3 }...Dietary Deficiency, it is suspected that lack of, algae or fresh, frozen or an undergravel filter is generally the most effective and efficient way to provide blanched vegetables in a fish's diet is the cause of blindness. Which varies from biological filtration for most tanks. However, if this type of filter is in appropriate species to species. for your tank, there are alternatives available to you.
Lani!; fofx.IS I:I. f 8 fn~)f1lJf.al~tuma If' <>ermany usirg the most ad¥anCf.'<.1 Packaged In most attrac\i"e. tect1flo! ( 4 )...Water Conditions, it goes withod1 saying that polluted water or water with an incorrect chemistry level can an(1 will cause all sorts of infections to the eyes and other parts of the body. Another far more common complaint is Fungus Fungus occurs in two major categories- Pathogenic Fungi... ( any micro-organisms (pathogen) capable of producing disease). Saprophytic Fungi...( are fungi which exist on dead and decaying organic matter). The most common fungus occurrences in aquaria are caused by "water molds" which are considered to saprophytic members of the fungi genus Saprolegnia. They are an every day component of aquatic ecosystem and are an essential in the process of recycling nutrients. For a fish to become infected by this fungi.... is considered to be, an act of opporwnfty....a secondary Invasion... a chance to Infest through injury. The latter can be caused by various means, shipping, fighting, prior parasitic infections, malnutrition. water temperature etc.etc It is interesting to know that the spores of saprolegnia are nearly always present on the skin of fish but are rendered inactive by healthy skin and antibody chemistry of the mucus coating. The infection usually appears as a " cotton like growth" on the skin, fins or gills. When the defence mechanisms are damaged, the spores develop by growing into the skin and muscle tissues. They form a " mat" of hyphae (filaments). The ability to produce disease, varies from species of fungi to species AND the condition of the intended host. A particularly nasty species is Saprolegnia-parasitica, as they attack and infect both injured and uninjured fish FRESH WATER FISH SPECIALIST as well as having a very high propensity to cause disease. All fungi thrive in poorly aerated water and polluted tanks and feast on unconsummated food particles, dead fish and unfertilized/dead eggs The spores NOW OPEN can not infect healthy eggs but the filaments colonise and in doing so produce a micetial mat (filaments) to such an extend that the healthy eggs are starved of 6 DAYS oxygen and subsequently succumb. Infections are usually chronic, during this period essential body fluids leak from the wounds and death is mostly due to impaired osmoregulations. TuE:-~{) ~ & WEDNESDAY : lO:30AM - 6:00PM If early detected, the infestations can be easily treated by a wide choice of THURSDAY & FRIDAY : lO:30AM - 9:00PM manufactured medications or some home prepared remedies such as: Formalin... prepare a solution of 1500 ppm and emerge the fish for 10 seconds. SATURDAY : 9:00AM - 6:00PM A much less harsher solution is that of Potassium permangenate of 100 SUNDAY : lO:OOAM - 6:00PM millilitres per litre for 10 minutes. Many good books are written on diseases and * Cl-OS EO MO"" o A"" S W:: the curing thereof, see our Librarian and he will help you select a book, out of our vast library, on these subjects. 3 OLSEN ST. FRANKSTON References:- Aquarium Fish Magazine Vol 3- # 8 & # 10, PH: 783 2204 Mosbey's Medical & Nursing Dictionary, Drug X ''";uide, by Dr. Jonathan Lepfal TRADE INS OF LIVE STOCK WELCOME . ~~~-~.~ EXTERNAL PARASITES.....(continued). Ipage..15I Ipage..14I EXTERNAL-PARASITES in FiSH..... by:~nn HalliwelL (4)... Argulus spp. These common freshwater, and sometimes manne water parasites, are mainly transparent, and not easy to detect initially They are A number of external Parasites are likely to affect Freshwater or Saltwater fish flattened like a plate and move over the body of their host uSing swimming legs. species in captivity, some of which I have already highlighted in previous issues They are often associated With pond bred or pond CUltured fi~h species, eg, of this magazine, eg, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (White Spot) and (Velvet) Trout, Salmon, GOldfish etc. The first signs of infection are when the host fish Oodinium ocel/atum or Oodinium limneticum. starts darting rapidly around its tank, scraping ,tselt against objects In the tank, However, there are other external parasites that are likely to be found on trying to dislodge these external parasites. ThiS animal lays eggs In groups at the Freshwater and/or Marine fish from time to time, such as the following: bottom of the tank and when the hatch are miniatures of the adult form and soon look for hosts to invade (1 )... COSTIA, (/chthyobodo necator) is essentially found in freshwater but has A bath of Formalin at the rate of 250 ppm (parts per million) for one hour. or a been known to appear in Marine tanks as well. This parasite is often seen on the 5 - 10 minutes bath in Potassium Permaganate (Kondies Crystal) wdl rid the host skin and gills of fish, often in large numbers, attached by means of an antennae fish of this parasite, as will Wardley's Para-EX, readily available from aquarium stores . which is injected into the host, rather like a hypodermic needle. The irritation causes increased mucus production, and soon a grey sheen (5)...Gyrodactylids spp. This monogenetic flukes which parasitises skin are appears over the infected fish. Favoured sites for infection are just below the Viviparous, live bearers, (from the Latin- vivus .. alive & parus. bringing Operculum and around the Dorsal fin area. Mortality of infected fish is high jf not forth).They give rise to one daughter at the time, and each daughter when born :s treated immediately. about the same size as the adult. It attaches to the side of the fish alongside the I tend to use a Copper Sulphate based treatment of 1.6 - 2.0 mlllitre of a stock parent and already contains a developing embryo In its uterus This embryo soon solution for a period of 3 - 10 days. develops and is released, therein this mode of reproduction ensures that the The stock solution is 19ram of pure Copper Sulphate to 1 litre of water. From this number rapidly increases stock solution, use 1.6 - 2.0 millilitres per litre of tank water to be treated. This parasite liquifies fish cells under the skin where it is attachedafter which it At the first sign of any stress of the infected fish, remove them and put them in a sucks it into its gut A large number of these parasites on the skin surface tank with clean water, including the stock solution and place a filter in it to remove destroys cells faster than they can be produced and the fish will die if it isn't any residue. treated immediately. (2)... Trichodina, these flying saucer shaped parasites are not anchored, but Formalin at 200 ppm wif! kif! these parasites, but keep a close eye on the infected move freely over the body surface. fish after treatment as secondary infections such as Fungus or Fin Rot can easily In severely stressed fish, their numbers build up substantially and cause severe develop. Wardley's Para-EX will also treat these parasites and is definitely not as damage to the infected areas... usually the gills... where they are mainly located, harsh as Formalin. causing the fish to suffocate. Treatment is by use of the same Copper Sulphate (6)... Lernea spp. This parasite lives in freshwater and ItS four pairs of legs are solution as afore mentioned for Costia distributed along the body of the host fish. The head of this parasite buries itself (3)...Chilodonella, two major species are found in aquaria. deep into the tissue of the host and ci:m cause death when they penetrate vital (A)... Chilodonel/a cyprini is a cold water species (5 -10 deg.C.) with 8 -15 organs. The life cycle of Lernaeids is direct In that juveniles have a short rows of cilia( cilia.. .fine hair like projections) often found on the skin and gills. planktonIc stage before they attach themselves toa fish If this cycle is to long, (8)... Chilodonel/a hexasticha is a warmer water species( optimum 22 deg.C.) the parasite will die. This is a difficult parasite to treat, as they can develop with 5 - 10 rows of cilia and in all probability isolated to the gills area. This resistance to chemicals and more than one chemical will need to be used at disease is often confused with ICH (White Spot). This flattened and heart shaped various times to eradicate them. The best treatment is to sever the visible parts parasite is smaller than White Spot. It can be treated with the same Copper from the fish by cutting away this worm from the outer layer of skin. The wound Sulphate solution as mentioned above. created can then be subject to secondary infection; so this will need to be watched closely. As a preventative,Acriflavine Powder can be dabbed on this wound All of the above diseases are often seen on Goldfish brought in from outside pond CUltures, and are fairly easy to treat with the various medicines currently available on the market. ~_~~~_~.J~ Ipage..1s1 (7)... Dactylogyrid spp. These parasites are common on fish gills. In small numbers they have no detectable effect on its host. However in aquaria their numbers can increase rapidly and substantially until they kill their host. They are particularly pathogenic ( Disease producing) to fingerlings of Goldfish, Salmonoids, Trout etc. This parasite lays eggs which embryonate on the bottom of the tank and when hatched release a ciliated larva which attach to the fish and gradually changes into an adult. They are treated the same as for Gyrodactylids mentioned earlier. IT' A saturated salt solution bath will also kill these parasites and will not affect the host fish for aquariums. All of the above parasitic diseases are widespread throughout Australia, in ever) State and Territory and appear on a great many different species of fish. Both freshwater and in some cases in marine water. They appear in aquarium fish from time to time and can be treated by the afore mentioned methods. - 0000000- The Metopion Cichlid Societlj Incorporated A NEW EXPERIENCE IN AQUARIUM FISH FOODS. wishes All our memberS7 !ipOnsor.5 and advertisers Offering a wide range of sizes A MtPIJV ClfIJ151MAS to suit all aquarium fish. and VARYING MENUS INCLUDE: A flealthlj and flapPIj New Vear, Vegetable Diet, Basic Tropical Diet, Color Food, Granules, and Baby Food. /., 1s Ipage.. 1 Rift Lake Cichlids, 1979. by Glen.S.Axelrod. Ipage..19 ~ The Cichlid Year Book, Vo! - 2. by Ad Konings. The Cichlid Year Book, Vol- 3 by Ad Konings. The Clchlld Year Book, Vol -1. by Ad Konings The Manual of Tank Busters, 1991. by Gina Sandford & Richard Crow. THE LIBRflRY. The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Fishes,( 2copies). By S.Frank. Todays Aquarium, set 1985 - 1986. Todays Aquarium, set 1987 - 1988. Tropical Freshwater Aquaria, 1970. by George Cust & Peter Bird. I! I I' , .. !1t'I.--< World Water & Environment, 1976. by Colin & Maxine Sale. ffff1"i\)i. ~ III " . . Zoology Dierkunde. \10118 , 3,1993. ~ lEIJLLULW.L-Le.t:JL..U-l- A Fishkeepers Guide to Central American Cichlids. by David Sands. N.": ,Fi·~~==;;~:::::~~~l ,I A guide to the fishes of Lake Malawi National Pari<. 1986. by. I Digby Lewis. Peter Reinthaf, Jasper Trendall. The Videos A preliminary survey of the Cichlid Fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. A.J.Ribbink, BAMarsh,A.C.Marsh, Ac Ribbink & B.J.Sharp. Ad Konings Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat, 1989. . ~ Ad Konings Tanganyika Cichlids,1988. • African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, 1st Edition. by ~'I Dr.Herbert.R.Axelrod, DrWarren ~.Burgess. . .' ~II . African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, 2nd Edition. Same Authors as 1st. Edition. l.tJ 0 a African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, 7th Edition.Same Authors as 1st. Edition. ~,•... African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, 11th Edition. Same Authors as 1st Edition. I . African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, 12th Edition. Same Authors as 1st. Edition.. African Cichlids Video no 2 (30min.) ~~ All About Breeding Tropical Fish, 1956. by Earl Schneider. Americans. Catfish and others. Part 1 (30min.) All About Discus. 1978, by Dr. Herbert R.Axelrod. §a tuLlUlLtfi~LWJL Angel Fish in color. by Drs.C.W.Emmens & Herbert.R.Axelrod.i"iT:1=, =r;:;=~r An Introduction to the Hobby of Reef Keeping. Aquariology, master volume, 1992. by John B.Gratzek Aulonocara baenschi "Chipoka" Aquarium Plants in color, 1967. by Dr. Herbert R.Axelrod Cichlasoma maculicauda ( Black Belts) (30min.) Aquarium Plants. 1979. by Niels Jacbson. Cichlasoma severum Baby Discus, 1979. by Art Haylay. ~LL'JLlU.LU.U--u::.u'--U.J-u...1 Cichlasoma synspilum (30min.) Baensch Aquarium Atlas, 1987. by Dr.Rudiger Riehl & HansABaensch: u-:::;, "----- All details and data were obtajned from a Paper issued by WATERLlFE Research Ltd, at a recent E.p.A.S. meeting. CURE SYMPTOMS DISEASE PREVENTION (1 )..I.atge (1.5mm) off white granular growths. often LYMPHOCYSTIS-is caused by a virus. The LYMPHOCYSTIS virus is present in al bodies of seawater MYXAZIN spherical arld attached to any part of body or. fins. Fish (the first ever described in fish-1965) and brackish water. Any body or fin damage may become infected. shoWs little signs of distress and often continues feeding whichs gains entry to cells through Handle fishes very carefully and prevent aggression amongst tank mat normally. ~urface appearance ofthe cysts resemble rough handling or figtting. PARAGON is the only medication known to destroy this virus. a small cauliflower Or.raspberry. No increase in breathing rate is detectable. In a soft, acid water aquarium. (2)..Body....ot. Taikot, Fin....ot BACTERIAL- caused by several species Regularly, use Nitrate, Nitrite & Amonia testing kit. Regulate the feedi improve the water quality.... patches of angryred tissue on the body, haemortlagic of roel-shaped mOtile (="mobile"), ensure that Amonia and or Nitrite problems do not occur. Use Humaquat to decrease the discolouration of vent (anal) area of abdomen:- any or all Gram-negative bacteria. most species The above do not only test the quality of your water, they also serve I bacteria level. Use Myxazin of the above symptoms if not promptly treated, may quickly belonging to the Genus- Aeromanus. a glide and check on the efficiency of your Mer system. as a water treatment,applied ~ys deteriorate into the following terminal symptoms; Disease can be caused by over feeding, quarantine "doubtfull fish", do NOT over feed. directly to the infected area. bloated appearance of the abdomen - ( but scales NOT poor hygene bad filtration . Biminate STRESS through compatibility and ris;rt water temperature, Increase aeration to maximum outstanding. Exophthama - (Pop-eye.). Abnormally high amonia ...nitrate toxicity. Netting, clumsy handling and moving of fish can cause gA!at stress. If only MoNies are infected 'Nith respiratory rate, fast breatting in excess of 90 gill beats greyish-white body film per l11irUe. a remove them to a solution of 10-20% Ultra Marine Symhetica prior to the above treatment .. or add 10% Synthectica-Natura only if Salinophobic speCies are not present. as in (2) (3)..Whiish- SKIN lesions....(Body....~) BACTERIAL- caused "Rod Shaped" as in (2) haemorhages, wasting of body tissues, ulceration. motile, Gram negative bacteria ofthe Greyish-White film over the eye develops over the eye Pseudomonasl Vibrio !70Up which can lead to "Pop-eye" and terminal very fast breathing in excess of 90 GIB per minute. (4)•. Greyish-white film over the whole body BACTERIAL- caused by spindle-shaped and surface ofthe fish. Eventually if untreated and if a fish flexible, rod like Cythophaga which are survives non treatment, their fins deteriorate, shallow a motile over a fish's body with a ulcers appear, the fish generally appears pallid, sickly, peculiar flowing or gliding motion as in (2) weak and shows no interest in food whatsoever. Gram-negative. as in (2) (5)..Gnryish-white. cotton woolly growth, MOl.JTIi.FUNGUS- not a fungus but 'around the mouth. caused by Chondrococcus-columnaris, as in (2) a bacteria. as in (2) Gravel syphon tank,25% water (6)..Greyish-white,coIton wool like threads growing FUNGAL- caused by Saprolegnia-.sps change,treat with anti-fungal, from fish's body and particles of un eaten food, main causes are poor hygene, commence treatment with gravel etc.etc. over feeding and low temperatures. Protozin at minimum 25deg. as in (7) Ipage..22I Ipage..23I SYMPTOMS DISEASE CURE PREVENrION (7)..Rapid loss or body weight- FUNGAL-caused by several members C.C.O. time, = Complete Clean These diseases are extremely diflicut to trellt....no doubt clJe to the fact balance) and abnormal swimming pattems....( Caution. ofthe class Phycomycetes. the best OUT,..prepare conditions as that.. these symptoms can be confused with the same known of which is Ichthyophonus required for the fish irtended. (A)..theyare essentially diseases ofthe internal organs, Le...spIeen, symptoms produced by physical or pressure damage to (Ichthyosporidium}-hoferi. Treat on days 1, 2, 3 with brain, liver etc. which are extremely ditllcuI to reach wth medication. the swim bladder). Earty symptoms later deteriorate to They may be regarded as a time bomb, Protozin and on days 5.6, 7 (B)..Apart from disease 6..(Saprolegria) there are no easily seen ulcerations and fin damage. probably as a result of ticking away in all fish, which lays with Myxazin. external symptoms, until the disease is already well ad¥anced. secondary bacterial infection on damaged sites caused by dormant wh~est the fish is not under The key to successful avoidance however is undodrtedly started in the loss of balance. Finally, if not treated the spleen, liver. stress. Should conditions deteriorate Type of Disease Column" i.e...Keep your system scrupulously clean at kidneys and brain become infected. Pop-eye develops and the fungus suddenly explodes into action all times. Never over feed, use the Nitrate, Nitrite, pH and Hardness in the last few hours, breathing increases to in excess of and the fish may die. Test Kits to ensure that water managel1lelt and chemistry are always 100 GIB-per min. maintained at their optimal limits. In short....keep stress to a rnininun so that the 'ime bomb" ticks qtietly away umJ your fish cheat it by dying of old age. (I)..within 6 ·8 hours of fish becoming infected, Oodiniasis- 'Oodinium or Velvet Disease Carry out a 25 - 33% water Never permit Nitrite reading to show higher than 0.125 ppm the respiratory rate rises very steeply from the normal caused by Protozoan Dinoflagelates... change and treat with Protozin (118 mgIItre). This means the use of an under Gravel filer 24 hours per 60 - 90 GIB per min. to as high as 200 - 300 GIB per min. Oodiniu~limneticum .. FM!. untill respiratory rate drops to day...Never let the Nitrate level to climb higher than the mriTIum If not quickly treated at this stage, tiny greyish-fawn cysts Oodinju~ocellatum.. SM!. the normal 90 GlBper min. level prescribed on the test kit...Never over feed...use Piai'll 18rtiiser (difficult to spot with the naked eye unless fish can be Almost always caused by exposing Stop all feeding until symptoms to promote plant grOVwtt1 and consientiously use partial water changes to manolNered into a head on position with tight behind it ). fish to high levels of ArnonialNitrate disappear. control Nitrate built up. appear in enormous quantities on the body and fins. It can poisons, i.e.. Inter-continental Shipments This disease is extremely virulent and rrtlst be treated as soon as never be confused with WHITE SPOT as Imature Filteration Systems. possible. The causal Pathogens are essentially gill parasites, hence (A) the spots are much smaller than White Spot. the sudden and dramatic increase in respiratory rate. (B) 'Mlite spot disease doesn't cause an increase of respiratory rate until several untreated days have passed and the fish is dying. Some species of fish do occasionally flick and twitch their pelvic/dorsal fins and even close down the worst infected gill chamber. if the disease progresses untreated. (I)..smal, pure white spots about 1/4 of a pin head White Spot Disease-caused by ciliated Carry out 2S-33% WIter change. Exactly the same commerts apply as in No:-8. however it should be appear on body and fins. (CAUTION-do not confuse with Protozoan...Cryptocaryon-irritans & Treat inmecliatety with ProIozin stated that most-workers il the field of Fish Pathology, believe that these same sized Greyisll-white blurred edged spots appearing Ichthyopthirius-multifilis. Caused by the in very hard water Protozin protozoan are present il all boaes of water and in a dormant stage on finnage only...See No:-10). If untreated spot slowiy same conditions as in No:- 7. should be used twice daily. within mO$l fishes wtlich only become active when the fish is stressed. 6-24 hours, advance to cover the whole body and fins. Fish do not show the same sickness as with No:-7 and may even contilue to feed lightly. Support J\dvertisers ~ Ipage..24I lpage..25 SYMPTOMS DISEASE CURE PREVENrION (10)..ln the early stages-24-48 hours fish show S9lS FLUKES-external and internal "Worm' Carry ~ a partial water change Maintain a much higher standard of aqua system hygiene, paying extreme sl (11 ).•Greyish-white film over the entire body surface, TRICHODINA- caused by the Protozoan Never buy newly imported, lnqUarantined fish. easily confused ( if a microscope is not available) with parasite from the Genus-Trichodina PROTOZIN disease No:-4, BUT does not respond to MYXAZIN. (12)..sharply pointed 5-10 mm spines, sticking eKa of ANCHOR-WORMS- Lemea spp. STERAZIN 'Exactly the same conditions as for disease No:-10, plus strise the Dorsal tissues. crustacean parasites. aN newly bought plants in Sterazin. (13).•Lice like creatures, up to 10 mm long, FISH L1CE- Argulus-spp. ( crustaceans) STERAZIN Exactly the same conditions as in (14)•.Myriads of 0.5 - 1 mm long ·mites· COPEPODS- tiny, non parasitic, Although not dangerous in themselves, these scavengers are ALWAYS which teem on glass and rocks. scavenging Harpaclid crustaceans. found to co-exist with ftukeslcastodn in c1irty tanks. Treat with Sterazin and do a gravel syphon when water changing. (15)••Neon-tetns ( rarely other Tetras) begin to lose NEON TETRA DISEASE-caused by fung; ;':Change 2>33% water and Improve A.quarUn Hygiene....Flteration and Feeding nuine normal briliant, sharply demariced colouration. organisms..... PHstohera. treat with Humaquat & Protozin. Don't buy unquarantined fish and create the correct water chemietly. Respiration increases to 100+ GIB per min. (16)..Fishes•..( mostly live bearers,particularly MoIies) THE ·SHIMMIES"-caused by a broad Increase temperature to 27 deg. lWiays maintain water chemistry in a live bearer tank as follows: swim with a peculiar shimmying motion of the body. spectnlTl invasion of numerous Celsius,test pH and salinity, pH value Iigh, 7.8 - 8.3, hard water with a hi~ salinity level. Later if urtreated, the fish becomes unable to swim and Pathogens, Protozoan, Bacteria &Fungi. treat with Protozin 1-4 days sits on the bottom listlessly shimmying. Myxazin days ~8 Change water to the tune of (17)••SmaI, White-greyish or creamish -worms· cnIWI ·HOLE in the HEAD DlSEASE·- caused 1 test water for hardness and pH. out of the head region of DiSCus famly f1shes,although it is Hexamaa, parasites 'tYhich are probably 2>33% Carry out a full course Angel fish....treat with Octozin. not solely pertaining to Discus. Unless,the infestation is endemic in si populations of wild Discus of Sterazin and Octazin Discus....tr..with Sterazin and Octozin. massive and combined with secondary bacterial and fungal as well as tank bred species. treatment. Spiroru:leus disease in Discus....treat with Octozin. infections, the condition is rarely terminal. Malawi Bklat... .treat with Octozin as directed. It is rather unsightly and could infest other fish if the parasite Sleeping Sickness"....treat with Oetozin. is allowed to reprocluce. (18)••Fish's body bloats out (1)- OEDEMA-"Dropsy"- casual As soon as abdominal swelling Inprove your filteration and system hygiene. Treat with Octozin where (as though fuR of roe) and viewed from above, the scales pathogens, not certain,- possibly is observed, treat with the infection of the viscera is essentially :- body producing a pineapple like appearance. This is most multiple fungaVbaeterial infection. Octozin. protozoanlbacteriallfungal. Vnl infections are untreatable with any common in the Carp and Anabantids families. (2)- Malawi Bloat, treat with medication EXCEPT....PARAGON. Oct02in Ipage..26( J CARTOON CORNER NOVEMBER VCS ine.TABLE SHOW! by:- Aatt I.MJgelMr. Species Entrants Cond Fins Shape Scales Age Total Aequidens rivulatus Carl Senton 15 15 15 8 6 59 Aequidens rivulatus Irene Alger 28 28 15 9 8 91 N.. elongatus "Albino" Dave Thorn 20 28 15 10 6 79 First.. .Irene Alger. Second... Dave Thorn Third... Carl Benton Popular Choice..... Irene Alger. Judge's Comments:- No-1 ... The male had only a few minor faults in the fins, but was very hollow bellied.The female on the other hand was badly beaten and scored appropreately No-2... Very hard to fault this pair, the female requiring close inspection to find even minor scale damage. The male's brilliant colouration more than compensated for a slightly ragged Ventral fin. "Mummy!! Mummy!! No-3... Abino fish displayed in tank with light blue back, I think Dad's found the electric catfish . .." very hard for JUdge... black would have showed them off better. One specimen was slightly hollow while the other was much too full in the abdomen. ---,,~ This month, improvement but three pairs is not exactly stressing the capabilities ~" )~ of the Table Steward is it? FI I 'NOuld like to thank Daryl Hutchins for jUdging and specifically for his detailed comments, which I am sure will be of value to the entrants and assist future exhibitor! ~ as well. Next month categories.. SASY SHOWS & AFRICAN· ASIANS Travis Hingston. All members are invited to make use ofthis free service ....to advertise any aquarium related items.Your advertisment can be handed in at any General Meeting or mailed to The Secretary. FOR 1 x 4 foot std. Tank, 'NOoden stand, cover glass, 2 overhead lights SALE ( Growplus) + 1 extra tube, as well as other accessories $ 75.00. Ring..... SID SOLCH.....534-5446. r Ipage..28I Ipage..29I detailed discussions on "Species of Angelfish" from 'Angelfish in Colour' by C. W. Emmens and H. R. Axelrod. Sit back and enjoy our MRIFL: Cichlid Circular Aug '94 New South Wales CS Cichlid Chatter Sep/Oct '94 Greater Chicago CA Tucson Cichlid News Oct '94 Tucson CA ,\ Tucson Cichlid News Nov '94 Tucson CA \ \ ----..rJ' This (Tucson Cichlid News) is a new magazine from a new (to me) club. It shows promise and boasts an f:ditor named Chip. c? See you next trip. -~ ROWEMIN' 'ROUND. Graham. c? ~ c:::;::;:;. ~ Our trip this month is quite short. It may be something to do with the time of year. First stop this month is Eastern Districts AS in answer to the invitation in Jawlockings October 'Fishtales'. Daniel Avano explains as little about the mystique of When I receive late notification of events, it is impossible to let you know Discus. He tells you "How to Look After Your Discus". Dave Locey told about about them in time. I have only a few to pass on to you this month. Maybe it is "Decorating Large Cichlid Tanks" in November/December-1991 'Cichlidae because a the busy season has passed and people are concentrating on Communique', but now you can get that information on Fishnet Forum on Christmas and the New Year. CompuServe. Laif DeMason is talking to Tucson CA in February. For more information People were complaining about our recent cold spell. Spare a thought for the contact Chip Hidinger·Wood on 00 11 1 602 8885638. Two of the general so group we are visiting now. This is their warm weather! They are, of course, cieties in the area are Desert AS and Dry Wash AS. It sound as thou~h keeping members of Juneau AS in Juneau, Alaska. Despite the temperature, we tropical fish in water here would be as hard as keeping them warm In Juneau, couldn't decline the invite in the October issue of Juneau Fish Tales'. Dona Alaska. Dohrn puts the Fish Focus on the Gold Severum. She lists all the facts about The other reminder is ACA '95 in San Jose from 20th to 23rd July. Underline keeping and spawning these beautiful fish. that in your diary. Let us move on to a warmer climate. Our next destination is Hamilton & Envy Corner: Again we have very few offerings. Incidentally, a word of warn District AS in answer to the double invite in September and October issues of ing to newer readers -- these fishes are available at these prices only in... their 'Monthly Bulletin'. Dean Majorino's Article on "Aequidens rivulatus: the America ($US) -- Green Terror" held their interest and so it should, as it is quite comprehensive. It appeared, incidentally, in North Jersey AS' publication, 'The Reporter'. Karl Aequidens paraguayensis 1.5" $4.00 Schwarze has been busy. He was telling a group about killies and then gave us Neolamprologus multifasciatus breeding colony the benefit of his experiences with the "Red-Shoulder Peacock -- Aulonocara of at least 12 fish, including 2 or 3 pairs $50.00 hansbaenschi". Gary Smith lets us into some of his secrets about his favorite Cynotilapia sp "Yellow Bee" $5.00 "Guapotes -- True Giants of the Cichlid World". Marc Weiss' dissertation, Ophthalmotilapia ventralis "Bright Blue" $10.00 "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Discus" in the June 1993 'Shoreline' from Jersey Shore AS aroused a lot of interest. Hopefully, I will have more information for you next month. Until then ... All of our flyers who like it hot should be satisfied by our next stop, Sunshine Coast AS, in answer to the invite in October 'Sunfish'. Obviously, Australian natives are popular here, but so too are cichlids. Chris Bailey has adapted "Maintaining and Breeding in a Typical Mbuna Fashion" in September '92 TCM Graham. to Queensland conditions. Members showed that they could learn from older articles as well as the new when they consulted Ron Silver's "Maximum Growth in Young Fish" in the October '78 issue of 'Cichlid News' (no, not the American one, the defunct Cichlid Society of NSW publication). They were also interested in Manny Vella's "Tropheus duboisi" in May '94 TCM and they had Ipage..30 I 'page..31I Treatment of Ectoparasite... Ergasilus ceylonensis, POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, at 1.0 ppm did not eliminate the parasite within on the Asian Cichlid Etroplus suratensis. by Nonn HallIw"n. 48 hours, however at 30ppm it took 16 hours and at 5.0ppm it took 3 hours to eliminate them. Some time ago, I received a paper from M.J.S. Wijeyaratne on the occurrence of 3,4 DPA, at strengths of 0.1 - 1.0 ppm did not eliminate them in 24 hours, but at this parasite on the species Etroplus suratensis, The Green Chromide 3.0ppm it took 22 hours compared wit 5.0 ppm where it took 20 hours to work. Set out below, is an extract of this paper, which could be of some assistance to FENITROTHIONE, at a sttength of 0.1 - 5.0 ppm did not work in 24 hours but all breeders of this particular fish. the fish died within 48 hours of testing with it. The Pearl Spot Cichlid, (Etroplus suratensis - Bloch.) as it is commonly known 3,4 DPA is a widely used weedicide and Fenitrothione is a pesticide, both are overseas. They inhabit the brackish and freshwater environments of India and used in agriculture. Sri Lanka. It isa very popular fish in the aquarium trade as well as being a popular From these experiments it can be seen that the use of POTASSIUM food fish, further moretheyare widely used in aquaculture in many parts of the PERMANGANATE is recommended for the control and eradication of world. Not so long ago, wild caught species from the Negombo Estuary and its Ectoparasite, Ergasilus ceylonensis of Etroplus suratensis. It appears that no tributaries on the West Coast of Sri Lanka were found to be highly infected with harmful after effects are placed on the species which received the treatment. the Ergasilus ceylonensis ( Fernando & Hanek) This parasite attaches itself to This treatment should be considered if your Green Chromides should ever break the gills of the host fish with a second pair of atennae which are modified as hooks out with this problem. Even though the test were done with species in the wild, to dig into the skin of the fish. Which in turn destroy the gill epithelium ( any tissue the peril might occur with aquarium kept species one day and this cure will consisting of one or more layers and covermg the body, its internal surfaces and certainly solve the problem. cavities). These infections are caused by environmental stresses placed on the References: fish and large scale mortality occurs in ponds and fish farms. During the early fry Singhal,R.N.; Swamjeet; Davies,R.W. 1986: "Chemotherapy of six ectoparasites and juvenile stages vulnerability is at its greatest and huge looses are experienced. of cultured fish." Aquaculture, 54: 165 - 171. Very little work has been done on the Chemotherapy effects of various Chemicals ----0000000--- on Ectoparasites of cichlids. (Singhal et ai, 1986). Because of the importance of the species as a food source in India and Sri Lanka something had to be done to rectify this enormous problem. This is when tests were carried out by ~·(v - Mr. M.J.S. Wijeyaratne on how to eliminate this Ectoparasite with various chemicals. Live individuals were collected from the Negombo regions, the fish were visually examined and when found to be infested and separated from the MALVERN <.jf:~~(& clean ones. This Ectroparasite is easily recognised, the accumulate as white spots 1- on the gill filaments. The experiments were carried out in glass / aquaria, measuring 30cm x 60cm x 30cm, at a temperature of 28-30 deg. Celsius. AQUARIUMS &Pet Supplies and the time to kill these parasites was recorded. Fish ranging from 3 - 5.5cm IMPORTERS OF TROPICAL, GOLDFISH, were used. The chemicals used in the tests were FORMALIN, I~ GAMMEXANE ( 10% 1-6 Hexachlorocyclohexane) POTASSIUM permanganate, 3,4 DPA ( 35% 3,4 Dichloropropyoanilyde), FENITROTHIONE (0,0- dimethyl 0 1 TANKS MADE TO ORDER ( 3 methyl 4 nitrophenyl) thionophosphate). Some did the trick. whilst others killed FULL RANGE OF PET ACCESSORIES both the parasites and the host fish. It has been recorded that concentrations of 100 ppm Formalin will kill all :3t EXTENSIVE RANGE OF crustacean parasites including Ergasilus on fish. In the present study, this proved .. "SETIACARE" PRODUCTS to be correct, but, it also killed the specimens of fish as well. This seems to indicate that juvenile Etroplus suratensis can not tolerate, even as Iowa OPEN 6 DAYS, CLOSED WEDNESDAY concentration of Formalin as 50ppm. All specimens died within 48 hours of 54-56 Glenferrie Rd, Malvern 5091141 treatment with FORMALIN. 11 fI1 GAMMEXANE, at various strengths from 0.1 to 3.0 ppm did not eliminate the Present your VCS Membership Card and receive parasite within 48 hours. However, at a concentration of 5 ppm experimental fish !ll a 10% discount. died within 2 hours. Ipage.. 'page..32I 33I SCRAMBLED WORD NO 3 by:-AIIrlLangellHlr. WILL BE LEFT WITH 9 LETTERS, UNSCRAMBLE THESE AND COME UP WITH A WISH FOR YOUR FUTURE•.•...? F B E A G L A S U T A L T U1Ml~ U R B T E W 0 L G U A R U E~P N 0 0 G A L I G L A R V A E L A G W T N I T R 0 G E N I E M 0 R -. A N I N T A N U H C W C S G T A L E A V E 0 E I P A R'T N,P 0 C S A N 0 C 0 S A L N E 0 Ni E P H R A K A T U T A 0 E C .R S A W M . C A R E P R M N E S R I A C M T en P A R A E V A G B P P A N 0 A E W y (J A R S H I I E A 0 R F A L L R Z. B C C H 0 l A L l T V N N R A R W~ ~ .. A X E E L L I L S I I U M 0 W A ~l 0 M 0 0 R I M A A L A 0 M W I T !:!:q; ABA GAVE NILE C~ AFRO GILA NITROGEN AHLI GILL OSCAR Z1W.:c AIR GLOW OVUM I-i ALGAE HOG PANDA W~ ALTUM LAB EO PARA :I:~ ANGEL LAGOON PASCA AULONOCARA LAKE PH AVE LARVAE POLU ::1 AWANI LAS PPM 0·'. BALSA LATUS GANG g,1 BOG LIMA SEA BOTlA MALAWI SPOT CARE TERRA CHOLA TRAP CHUNA ME UARU u CON MLOTO URVELU CONGO MOA UTAKA ~ DAB MOORII VIA EEL NANA VICTORIA FAIR NEO WAS FRONTOSA NEON WET FUNGAL NEST WIT NEWT WORLD Ipage..34I cknow/edgement... Ipage..35I " behalf ofthe Victorian Cichlid Society Incorporated, I would like to thank the people listed below for their time, efforts and donations which were instrumental VI In the creation of Statenlent of THE 1994 SPECIAL EFFORT RAFFLE ofa more than complete 30" Tank Set UP. 30" tank and cover glass John Reeves. Purpos Under gravel filter Graham Rowe. Bra~ gang valves Daryl Hutchins. The main aims of the Victorian Cichlid Society © 30" Polystyrene Lynda Van Pooss. Incorporated are: Gravel John Reeves. 200 watt Heater Stephen Young. To promote the keeping of cichlids; 6 Outlet safety power board Scott Haymes. To gain and disseminate knowledge of cichlids, @ Air pump Dave Thorn. their habits and attributes through the use of 30" Scenic background Micheal Cotterell. Ply under board Dave Thorn. slides, films, books. lectures. practical 10 metre Extension cord Scott Haymes. demonstrations, local and overseas 36" Pine stand John Reeves. magazines, articles by members and 30" Light cover and tube Heinz Staude. 5 metres Air line David Thorn. discussion with fellow members or experts in the field: 1lJS great prize will be drawn at the December Meeting 16 December, To assist, in any way possible, the at Helyna and Dave Thorn's Place establishment and/or maintenance of 6 GREENAWAY Ferntree Gully. approved public aquaria: Some tickets are still available from ALL AQUARIUM & PETSUPPLIES and from To be involved in the education of the general LYNDA VAN POOSS at the December meeting. public with regard to the benefits of fish My sincere thanks to al/ those who so generously donated and for their efforts keeping (particularly cichlids), and the John Reeves ( Organiser.) potentially harmful effects of animal mismanagement. To promote fellowship bct\veen the members. To further the conservation of species and their natural habitats. To further the identification. distribution, breeding, maintenance and enjoyment of species in the Family Cichlidae. Ipage..36I NOVEMBER MINUTES The president opened the meeting at 8.15 pm. He welcomed all, especially those visitors present. He asked whether the members present had received their magazines and was answered affirmatively. He told members that although the librarian was late, it was important to return books and avoid being fined. Apologies. These were received from Helyna Thorn, Heinz Staude, AIIan Hawkins, Michael Cotterell, John McCormick and I(eith Patford. These were accepted on a motion moved by Aart Langelaar and seconded by Carl Bentin. October minutes. These were accepted as read on a motion moved by Martin Criddle and seconded by Siew Hawkins. Treasurer's Report Opening balance 567.87 Income 951.40 (Auction 590.45) Expenditure 561.99 Closing Balance 957.28 Term deposit 14,751.51 This report was received on a motion moved by Aussie Ma!;lnussen and seconded by Jeff Staude. Correspondence. Coral Reef Marine Export (Philippines) Price list PAl Cichlids available ANGFA Meeting notice Zoo lajac Aquafish 95 notice Ezra Felker VCS information MAS Malvern advt cheque Nunawading Pool Booking information TFH Australia Re table show South Australian AS Official history Keith Patford Proxy Outgoing. A. J. Parkes Badge order TFH Australia . Re table show Mr Kennett Public Aquarium This was received on a motion moved by Justin Hawkins and seconded by Aart Langelaar. The president reminded members of the Elaine Turner Memorial Art and Photographic Com petition, the end-of-year raffle, and our monthly draw prize. John Reeves then mentioned that Rick Datodi had made available some Heiko Bleher limited·orint T-shirts at $35 each. John Reeves then suggested that we observe two minutes silence as today was Remembrance Day. A short break was then called. Rick Datodi then gave Part 2 of his speech on Diseases, concentrating on Identification and Treatment. Graham Rows presented Rick with a small token of our appreciation and moved a vote of thanks for his excellent talk. This was carried by acclamation. John Reeves then gave an auction report and presented Irene Alger with her BM badge for breeding 10 species. Travis Hingston then announced the table show results. Draw prize: First Stuart Ford Book: Aquariology Volume 1 Second John Stone Aquavell frozen food Third Jan Reeves Indoor plant Any other business: Aart Langelaar asked a question about the December meeting and the president said the venue, which was not this hall, would be disclosed in the December magazine and if members had any questions about this to please ring him. A further reminder of the ANGFA meeting was then given. Members were reminded of the Special General Meeting on 16th November to discuss the proposed new constitution. Door prizes were presented to: Irene Alger, Aussie Magnussen (re-donated), John Groves, Dennis Charles, JeH Staude, Aart Langelaar and Steve Young. John Reeves then auctioned some trading table specials and explained how he was going to sell the remaining Heiko Bleher T-shirts that Rick Datodi had graciously made available for him to sell to VCS members. The meeting finally adjourned for supper at ~ 0.39 pm.