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Bachelorarbeit Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal Fachbereich Kommunikation und Medien Studiengang Journalistik/ Medienmanagement Schwerpunkt Journalistik Bachelorarbeit Lokaljournalismus für nationale Minderheiten Reichweite, Funktionen und Bedeutung des Lokalen am Beispiel der Tageszeitungen Der Nordschleswiger und Flensborg Avis vorgelegt von: Baumann, Janette Pfeifferstraße 18, 39114 Magdeburg geboren am: 05.02.1990 Matrikel-Nr.: 20112317 zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Erstprüfer: Dr. Uwe Breitenborn Zweitprüfer M.A. Christoph Wochnik Magdeburg, den 03.09.2015 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis............................................................................................... IV Abkürzungsverzeichnis............................................................................................... V I Deskriptiver und theoretischer Teil 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Hintergrund und Relevanz des Themas ........................................................... 1 1.2. Erkenntnisinteresse und Forschungsvorhaben.................................................. 2 2. Begriffliche Eingrenzung zum Themenkomplex „Minderheit“.............................. 3 2.1. Ethnische Minderheit - Nationale Minderheit: Terminologische Abgrenzungen. 3 2.2. Rahmenbedingungen und Eigenschaften der nationalen Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland.................................................................................. 6 2.3. Die dänische Minderheit in Deutschland - Die „Südschleswiger“ ....................... 7 2.4. Die deutsche Minderheit in Dänemark - Die „Nordschleswiger“......................... 8 3. Vorstellung des Forschungsgegenstands ............................................................. 9 3.1. Flensborg Avis: „Vi gør Danmark lidt store“ ..................................................... 9 3.2. Der Nordschleswiger: „Die deutsche Tageszeitung in Dänemark“ .................. 10 4. Medien für Minderheiten, Minderheitenmedien, Community Media? Eine Begriffssuche................................................................................................ 11 4.1. Minderheitenmedien – Terminologische Einordnung und Merkmale............... 11 4.2. Community Media – Bürgermedien ................................................................ 13 4.3. Bezug zum Forschungsgegenstand: Festlegung der Termini dieser Arbeit .... 16 5. Theoretische Bestandsaufnahme zum Thema „Minderheitenmedien“.............. 17 5.1. Medienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen und Rolle von Minderheitenmedien .. 17 5.2. Zur Rolle der Muttersprache im Kommunikationsprozess............................... 19 6. Theoretische Bestandsaufnahme zum Lokaljournalismus................................. 20 6.1. Gegenstand und Merkmale des Lokaljournalismus ......................................... 20 II 6.3. Was ist lokal? – Abgrenzungskriterien von Kommunikationsräumen .............. 23 6.4. Der „lokale“ und „regionale“ Raum in Bezug zum Forschungsgegenstand ..... 25 7. Schnittstellen: Lokaljournalismus und Minderheitenmedien ............................ 27 7.1. Herstellung von Öffentlichkeit, Repräsentation und Orientierung.................... 27 7.2. Identifikation, Ortsbindung und Integration ..................................................... 28 7.3. Medienstrukturelle Schnittstellen zwischen Lokal- und Minderheitenmedien .. 31 II Empirischer Teil 8. Forschungsdesign................................................................................................ 32 8.1. Forschungsziel, leitende Fragen und methodisches Vorgehen....................... 32 8.2. Gültigkeitsbereich des Verfahrens.................................................................. 33 9. Medieninhaltsanalyse – Frequenzanalyse........................................................... 34 9.1. Beschreibung der Forschungsmethode.......................................................... 34 9.2. Forschungsleitende Thesen und Hypothesen................................................. 35 10. Operationalisierung: Methodisches Vorgehen ................................................. 37 10.1. Auswahleinheit: Analysematerial und -zeitraum............................................ 37 10.2. Festlegung und Eingrenzung der Analyseeinheiten...................................... 37 10.3. Festlegung der Codiereinheiten.................................................................... 38 10.4. Festlegung der Kontexteinheit...................................................................... 39 10.5. Erhebungsinstrument ................................................................................... 39 11. Codebuch und Kategoriensystem ..................................................................... 40 11.1 Ressortkategorien: Code und Übersicht zum Aufbau der Zeitungen............. 40 11.2. Reichweitenkategorien: Codebuch und Kurzbeschreibung........................... 42 11.3. Themenkategorien: Codebuch und Kurzbeschreibung ................................. 43 12. Güte- und Qualitätskriterien: Reliabilität und Validität..................................... 45 13. Datenauswertung................................................................................................ 46 13.1. Umfang und Struktur der Zeitungen.............................................................. 46 III 13.2. Lokale und regionale Inhalte im Verhältnis zum Gesamtzeitungsumfang ..... 47 13.3. Reichweite und Differenzierung innerhalb der Lokal- und Regionalseiten..... 49 13.4. Auffälligkeiten zur Reichweitenangabe - Regionalisierung............................ 51 13.5. Reichweiten innerhalb der klassischen Ressorts.......................................... 51 13.6. Inhalte und Reichweite innerhalb weiterer sachbezogener Ressorts ............ 54 13.7. Themensetzung innerhalb des Lokalressorts ............................................... 57 14. Zusammenfassung und Hypothesenprüfung ................................................... 61 15. Fazit ..................................................................................................................... 65 III Bibliografie ............................................................................................................. 67 IV Anlagenverzeichnis............................................................................................... 80 Anlage 1: Kategoriensystem: Definition der Merkmalsklassen ....................... 81 Anlage 2: Codebögen ......................................................................................... 91 Anlage 3: Datenaufbereitung: Auswertungstabellen.......................................129 Anlage 4: Experteninterviews ...........................................................................142 Anlage 5: Selbstständigkeitserklärung ...........................................................153 Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb. 1: Karte Südschleswigs mit mehrsprachigen Ortsbezeichnungen (deutsch/dänisch/nordfriesisch) ........................................................................ 7 Quelle: www.wikiwand.com/en/Southern_Schleswig, zuletzt aufgerufen 07.08.2015 Abb. 2: Karte Nordschleswig ...................................................................................... 8 Quelle: Denmark.dk – The official website of Denmark: http://denmark.dk/en/society/greenland-the-faroes-and-the-german-minority/the- german-minority-in-denmark/, zuletzt aufgerufen 07.08.2015 IV Abkürzungsverzeichnis AGDM ............................................................. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Minderheiten BDN .................................................................................. Bund Deutscher Nordschleswiger BGH ........................................................................................................Bundesgerichtshof BMI .....................................................................................Bundesministerium des Inneren Bpb ............................................................................. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CMFE ................................................................................ Community Media Forum Europe DGN .......................................................................... Deutsches Gymnasium Nordschleswig DRG .............................................................................. Deutscher Ruderverein Gravenstein DRV ..................................................................................................Deutscher Ruderverein DSH .......................................................................................Deutsche Schule Hadersleben DSR ...................................................................................... Deutsche Schule Rothenkrug DSS ......................................................................................... Deutsche Schule Sonderburg EMRK .....................................................................Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention FLA .............................................................................................................. Flensborg Avis FT .................................................................................................... Flensburger Tageblatt FUEV .......................................................Föderalistische Union Europäischer Volksgruppen I.M. .....................................................................................................Initiative Minderheiten
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