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The Health Robbers: a Close Look at Quackery in America (1993)( EDITEDBYSTEPHEN BARRETT, M.D. ANDWILLIAM T.JARVIS, PH.D. volume, written in an informative, highly readable, and easy-to-understand style, will astound you. Quackery often leads to hann because it turns ill people away from legit­ imate and trusted therapeutic procedures . However, its heaviest toll is in financial loss not only to those who pay directly, but to everyone who pays for bogus treatments through taxes, insurance premiums, and other ways that are less obvious . While medical science has never had more Chapter titles include: "The Food Fear to offer, many people are turning to "alter­ Epidemic" ("Beware of chemical con men"), natives" such as chiropractic, homeopathy, "The Overselling of Herbs" ("More hype "organic" foods, vitamin supplements, herbs, than help ") , "Quackery and the Media" chelation therapy, and occult ''healers." Mil­ ("Should we believe what we see and hear?"), lions of Americans who are unenlightened, "The Holistic Hodgepodge, " ''Dubious Den­ seriously ill, or desperate have fallen into tal Care," and "How Quackery Sells." the clutches of TV promoters, nutrition hus­ tlers, or other con artists ·whose offerings are Stephen Ba"ett, M.D., a retired psychi­ ineffective or dangerous-and sometimes atrist, is a nationally renowned author, edi­ lethal. But quackery is not confined to in­ tor, and consumer advocate. His thirty­ dividuals who fit the popular image of a four books include Health Schemes, Scams, quack. Significant numbers of well-trained and Frauds; Vitamins and "He alth " physicians have strayed from science into Foods: The Great American Hustle; and "fad diagnoses" and unproven treatments the college textbook Consumer Health-A that lack a rational basis. Guide to Intelligent Decisions . In 1984 he The Health Robbers, featuring more won the FDA Commissioner's Special Ci­ than twenty highly respected authorities, tation Award for Public Service in fighting explains the dangers of quack medicine, nutrition quackery. "alternative" cancer remedies, health fads, and "miracle diets ." It argues for stronger William T. Jarvis, Ph.D., Professor of laws and more vigorous policing of the mar­ Health Promotion and Education at Loma ketplace. And it answers such questions Linda University, is an expert on the psy­ as: "Are 'organic' foods worth their extra chology and epidemiology of quackery. He cost?" "Can acupuncture cure anything?" founded and is president of the National "Will vitamin B12 shots pep me up?" "Can Council Against Health Fraud. He is a sci­ diet cure arthritis?" ''Will spinal adjustments entific advisor to the American Council on help my health?" "Will amino acids 'pump Science and Health and a member of the up' my muscles?" "Where can reliable in­ American Cancer Society's committee on formation be obtained?" and "What's the questionable methods. best way to get good medical care?" Even if the answers to some of these questions seem obvious, the details in this (continued on back flap) Jacket design by Kathleen Sarazin A CloseLook at Quackeryin America m1TEDBYSTEPHEN BARRITT, M.D. ANDWILLIAM ,. JARVIS, PH.D. Forewordby Ann I.anders @ PrometheusBooks 59 John Glenn Drive Buffalo, NewYork 14228-2197 Published 1993 by Prometheus Books The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Copyright© 1993 by Stephen Barrett, M.D., and William T. Jarvis, Ph.D. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be rep~oduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior writ­ ten permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books,59 John Glenn Drive, Buffalo, New York 14228--2197, 716-691-0133. FAX: 716-691-0137. 97 96 5 4 3 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The health robbers : a close look at quackery in America / edited by Stephen Barrett, M.D., and William T. Jarvis, Ph.D.; foreword by Ann Landers. p. cm. - (Consumer health library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87975-855-4 (cloth) 1. Quacks and quackery-United States. 2. Consumer protection-United States. I. Barrett, Stephen, 1933- . II. Jarvis, William T., 1935- . III. Series. R730.H397 1993 615.8'56'0973-dc20 93-25357 CIP Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Introduction Day after day, we hear about our health. Advertisementsbombard us. News is sensational.Health books abound. Unfortunately,much of this informationis false. Healthscience has never had moreto offerthan it doestoday.Yet trust in doctors has fallen ... and quackeryis at an all-timehigh. Some exploitersmerely want our money.Others, perhaps more confusedthan crooked, seek converts to their misguidedideas. • How can we tell experts from pretenders? • How can we get reliableinformation? • How can we communicateto get the besthealth care from our doctors? • How effectivelyis our governmentprotecting Americans from being cheated? By exploringthese questions,this book shouldhelp both your health and your pocketbook. -Stephen Barrett,M.D. WilliamT. Jarvis, Ph.D. V Foreword P.T. Barnum was right. There's a sucker born every minute. And two to take him. How do I know? Because the victims write to me. And they have been writing to me every day for over thirty-fiveyears. Ann Landers receives approximatelyfourteen thousand letters a week from readerswho representevery conceivable socioeconomic group. They live on suburbanestates and in the city slums.My correspondentsare from 6 to 110 years of age and include double-dome intellectuals as well as borderline morons. Almost half of the letterscome from men. Every bag of mail containsscores of inquiriesthat drive me up the wall. "How can they be so stupid?"I ask myself.And then I answerthe question.It's not merely stupidity.It's desperationand wishful thinking that wipes out all reason and common sense. I become furious at the exploitationof these good people whose only crime is ignoranceand vulnerability. Here are some examplesthat have crossed my desk: Dear Ann: Is it true that musk oil will tum a man on? My husband is 46 years old and sexuallydead as a doornail.I've seen this musk oil advertised,but $11 is a lot of moneyfor a littlebottle. If you say it will help, I'll buy it. Dear Ann: I'm a career girl, 28 years old, and haven't had more than three real dates in my life. The reason is because I am flat-chested.I mean I don't have any bust at all. All my life I've wanted to have nice round bosoms. Please tell me if this cream will help. (Advertisement enclosed.) As you can see, the "before" and "after" pictures are very convincing.What do you say? vii viii Foreword Dear Ann:Is it truethat cooking in aluminumwill cause cancer? A man came to the door yesterdayselling cookware. He scared the life out of me. His utensilscost $450 for the completeset. If what he says is true, about cancer,I mean, it sure wouldbe worthit. But I hate to throw out these perfectlygood pots and pans I've used for 10 years. One afteranother the letterscome-from the "exoticdancer" who wants to grow "georgeousnails in 20 days"-from the overweighthousewife who will do anythingto get thin exceptquit eating the things she loves.Then there are the femaleswith bags under their eyes and extrachins who are sure they will look ten yearsyounger if theyuse the enrichedcream (secret fonnula) for thirty days. The trouble is-it's awfullyexpensive. "But it would be well worth the money if it works," writesMrs. W. from Sheboygan."Cheaper than a face lift. And no pain." When men writeand ask if the pomadeand treatments guaranteed to grow hair will help,I oftenreply, "Yes. It willhelp the manufacturerand the man who sellsit They will get rich.As for you, it willhelp flatten your wallet,but it won't do anythingfor your bald head." The lettersfrom teenagers are especiallypathetic: "My skin is such a mess of pimples and blackheadsno girl would go out with me, so I don't even ask. Please don't suggest a doctor. I can't afford one. This soap and cream combinationpromises results within ten days. What do you think, Ann? And whileI'm at it, Ann, maybeyou can tell me if this mail-orderspeech course will help my brother. He stutters.His grades are awful. He's not dumb, he's just ashamed to speak up in class." "Dear Ann: Our sex life is blah after 15 years. My husband wants to try a sex clinic,but some friendsof ours went and you wouldn't believethe things they were asked to do. I don't go for that far-out stuff like changing partners. Frankly, I'm scared. What do you think?" The saddestletters of all come from relativesof the desperatelyill, those who are dying of cancer,or kidneydisease. "Our familydoctor said there was nothingmore he coulddo, so we took mom to this wonderfulchiropractor. She seems a little strongertoday. Do you think, Ann, that we should have brought her to the chiropractorfrom the beginningand not wasted all that time and moneyon a specialistwith a fancydiploma from Harvard hanging on his office wall?" Every letter gets a personalreply in the mail, if there's a name and an address.I urge my readersto bewareof quacksand phonies.I warnthem against the charlatansand fakers. More often than I care to admit, I have received in return a seethingreply: "How dare you take away our hope! I'll bet you are on the payrollof the AmericanMedical Association. The medicaldoctor didn't do The HealthRobbers ix anything but send us big bills. Jesus Christ is the greatest healer of them all. Now that we have put our child in His hands, we know everythingis going to be all rigJtt." How can the publicbe protectedagainst phonies, quacks, and unscrupu­ lous money-grubberswho prey on the insecure,the frightened,and the sick? The answer is education.And that is what this book is all about.
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