Lichtenberg Figures... an Extraordinary Tesla Coil Application!

Lichtenberg Figures... An ExtraOrdinary Tesla Coil Application!

Bert Hickman • Stoneridge Engineering 2523 Stonewall Ave.• Woodridge, IL 60517 [email protected]

What Are Lichtenberg figures? surface. The powdered sulfur was Lichtenberg figures are branching, attracted to the positively charged tree or fern-like patterns that form regions and the red lead to negative as the result of high voltage dis- regions, thus making the previous- Doubly Irradiated "Windblown charges on the surface of, or within, ly hidden regions of charge clearly Lightning" Lichtenberg Figure electrical insulating materials (di- visible. This figure was created by irradiating a block of electrics). The first Lichtenberg Plexiglas with a 5 million electron volt electron figures were actually 2-dimensional Lichtenberg also observed that beam on the left side, rotating it 180 degrees and then irradiating it on the right side, thereby creat- patterns formed in dust on the sur- the shapes of the positively and negatively charged figures were ing two independent internal charge layers. The face of charged insulating plates in right charge layer was then manually discharged, the laboratory of their discoverer, significantly different. Positive causing a 3-D "lightning storm" inside the right- German physicist Georg Christoph figures tended to be star-like with most layer, which then spread into a series of dis- Lichtenberg (1742-1799. Professor long branches, while negative fig- charges between the two layers. The specimen ures tend to be round or fan-like. is lit from below by an array of blue LED's. Un- Lichtenberg made this observation like low detail laser crystal art, each Lichtenberg in the late 1700's, demonstrating By carefully placing a piece of specimen has a unique and incredibly detailed the phenomenon to his physics stu- paper onto the dusted surface, he fractal discharge pattern. As they branch, the dents and peers. was able to transfer these image discharge channels become increasingly finer, to the paper, demonstrating what becoming hairlike as they finally disappear. The The basic principles involved in was later to become the process of smallest discharges may ultimately go to the molecular level. (Actual size: 3" x 3" x 2") the formation of these electrostatic Xerography. Drawings of positive figures later evolved to become and negative figures actually cap- searchers used photographic film modern xerography and the science tured by Lichtenberg are shown to directly capture the light emitted of plasma physics. Lichtenberg below. by positive or negative high voltage used electrostatic devices to charge discharges along dielectric sur- Later researchers included Gas- the surfaces of various insulating faces. Von Hippel discovered that ton Planté (mid 1850's), Thomas materials such as resin, glass, or Lichtenberg figures were actually Burton Kinraide (late 1800's), Carl ebonite. He then sprinkled a mix- created through complex interac- Edward Magusson, and Dr. Arthur ture of finely powdered sulfur and tions between ionized gas (corona Von Hippel (1930's+). These re- red lead (lead tetroxide) onto the or electrical discharges) and the dielectric surface below. It was also found that increasing the applied voltage or reducing the surrounding gas pressure caused the length of the figures to in- crease. This property was used in klydonographs, special recording instruments that photographical- ly recorded the size and shape of Lichtenberg figures that appeared during abnormal electrical surges on power lines. Klydonographs allowed lightning researchers and Positive Lichtenberg figure Negative Lichtenberg figure power system designers to esti-

Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 27 mate peak voltages and polarity upon the original theories and tech- trons into a high-energy beam. The of abnormal transients caused by niques discovered by Dr. Gross. energy of the accelerated electrons lightning strikes to power lines. A The resulting Lichtenberg figures is measured in millions of electron schematic diagram of the main parts are sometimes called electrical Volts (or MeV). The LINAC that of a klydonograph is shown on the trees, electron trees, beam trees, or we use accelerates electrons to a leftmost drawing above, along with spark trees - we call them Captured kinetic energy of between three and examples of "klydonograms" from Lightning. five MeV. At these energies, elec- equal magnitude positive and nega- How we create our trons leaving the accelerator were tive high voltage transients. "Captured Lightning" sculptures traveling at relativistic velocities Lichtenberg figures are now known We have continued to develop and that are between 98.5% and 99.6% to often occur during electrical refine irradiation and material pro- the speed of light. breakdown processes within most cessing techniques to create a truly As the specimen is irradiated by gases, insulating liquids, and solid unique line of 2D and 3D Lich- the beam, electrons are driven deep dielectrics. Lichtenberg figures can tenberg figure sculptures that we inside the acrylic. The penetration be created very quickly (tens of call "Captured LightningTM". Our depth is determined by the electron nanoseconds) when dielectrics are Captured LightningTM sculptures beam's initial energy, the material's heavily overstressed, or they can are made from specially cut and dielectric properties, and its den- grow very slowly , through a series polished clear plastic (polymeth- sity. The higher the electron beam of low energy partial discharges, ylmethacrylate, or PMMA), also energy, the deeper the penetration. evolving into partially conductive called acrylic, or by various trade As the specimen is irradiated, huge surface patterns or 3D "electrical names such as Lucite, Plexiglas, or numbers of electrons accumu- trees". Electrical trees may form Perspex. Acrylic was selected be- late inside the acrylic, creating a on contaminated insulator surfaces, cause of the combination of crystal stranded, cloud-like layer of excess within dielectrics due to internal clarity, and its superior electrical negative electrical charge called a defects or voids, or at points where and mechanical properties. Other space charge. an insulator has been physically clear polymers, such as polycar- By carefully changing the orienta- damaged. bonate (PC), polystyrene (PS) , tion of the specimens and passing Considerable pioneering research polyethylene terephthalate (PET), them through the beam in two or on the detailed behavior of charge and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) more passes, complex 3-dimen- storage within dielectrics was per- will also work to varying degrees. sional space charge regions can be formed by Dr. Bernhard Gross in Some materials even develop dark, produced. Since acrylic is an excel- the middle of the last century. In the or even black (carbonized), trees. lent dielectric, most of the injected early 1950's, Dr. Gross discovered Our sculptures are created by in- electrons cannot escape, so they that internal Lichtenberg figures jecting acrylic specimens with high accumulate under continued irra- could be created within plastic ma- velocity electrons. Electrons are diation, causing a huge negative terials by injecting them with high tiny, negatively charged particles space charge to develop inside the energy electrons using a linear ac- that orbit the nucleus of the atoms specimen. celerator (LINAC). that make up all condensed matter. As the space charge grows, the The techniques we use to make An electron beam accelerator is resulting electrical field also in- our Lichtenberg Figures are build used to accelerate and focus elec- creases. Eventually, the stress from

Schematic view of a klydonograph showing the position of the photographic film and HV electrode. From W.W. Lewis, "The Protection of Transmission Sys- Light from high voltage discharges creates a permanent photographic record of the event. tems Against Lightning", John Wiley & Sons, 1950

28 Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 Electrodes placed on acrylic material s are used to launch the electrons driven deep into the acrylic. Great Reference Books for (Photo courtesy of Theodore Gray) Advanced Researchers may reach hundreds or even thou- as well as Home Schoolers! sands of amperes, causes the Get ALL Three for your Library TODAY! acrylic to melt and fracture along each path, and the higher current Basic Electricity "roots" may even char slightly. The US Bureau exit point of the discharge appears of Naval Personnel as a small hole on the surface of the acrylic. Originally a training course, its the best non- The discharge point is typically lo- technical coverage on electricity. Topics include the huge electric field overcomes cated at a surface defect, or where a point of external mechanical batteries, circuits, conductors, AC and DC, the dielectric strength of the acryl- inductance and capacitance, generators, ic, and some of the chemical bonds stress has weakened the dielec- motors, transformers, amplifiers, etc. Many that hold the acrylic molecules to- tric. The defect causes a localized questions with answers. gether are ripped apart. This strips concentration of the electric field, 390001- Basic Electricity ...... 15.95 away additional free electrons (a creating a "weak link" where the process called ionization). The breakdown process can begin. In- Basic Electronics newly-freed electrons are also ac- terestingly, even though we've US Bureau of Naval Personnel celerated by the electric field, injected a huge negative charge ionizing even more acrylic mol- into the specimens, the electrical This clear, well-illustrated ecules, and creating additional free breakdown process originates from introduction to electronic equipment covers the electrons in a runaway process. points which are electrically positive, and the resulting discharges safe use of electronic Electrically conductive channels devices and basic test equipment, plus rapidly form within the acrylic as are actually "positive" Lichtenberg numerous essential topics: electron tubes, the material undergoes dielectric figures. semiconductors, electronic power supplies, breakdown. After the main discharge, there tuned circuits, an introduction to amplifiers, receivers, ranging and navigation systems, Once breakdown occurs, the pre- are often hundreds of secondary an introduction to computers, antennas, viously trapped charges suddenly electrical discharges as small pock- AM/FM, and much more. 560 illustrations. rush out, accompanied by a loud ets of residual charge redistribute 390002- Basic Electronics ...... 18.95 bang(!), as thousands of electri- themselves within the specimen. cally conductive branches feed Larger figures may actually sparkle Tools current into a brilliant "lightning and sizzle for 20-30 seconds after- and Their Uses wards, making a sound similar to bolt" that exits the acrylic. Dielec- US Bureau frying bacon. tric breakdown typically occurs of Naval Personnel within an incredibly short amount Note the surface discharges along Teaches names, general of time. For example, the electrical the top surface of the block in the uses, and correct opera- discharge within a 2 inch square tion of all basic hand and following image. As the acrylic power tools, fasteners, and measuring de- specimens may only last for 20 bil- vices you are likely to need. Also, grinding, lionths of a second! The following metal cutting, soldering and more. image shows a 4 inch square speci- 390003- Basic Electronics ...... 10.95 men as it was being discharged: Shipping/Handling Rates The escaping lightning bolts leave 1st Item: $7-US; $9-Can/Mex; $12-Other Each Add’l Item: $2-US; $3-Can/Mex; $6-Other their fingerprints in the acrylic, forming a permanent "lightning TeslaTech, Inc 2 fossil" within. The high current 96 E Donna Drive Queen Valley,AZ 85218 electrical discharge current, which A surface discharge is displayed along the top sur- Call (520) 463-1994 face of the block. (Photo courtesy of Theodore Gray; specimen was discharged and owned by Jeff Larson.) www.teslatech.info

Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 29 was irradiated, positive charged ed color(s) of the external light appearance to Lichtenberg Figure air molecules (created as the elec- source. discharges. This similarity can also tron beam passed through the Lichtenberg figures exhibit self- be observed during cloud to cloud surrounding air) become strongly similar branching patterns which "anvil crawler" lightning. In fact, attracted by the negative charges tend to look similar at various holding a Lichtenberg Figure is residing within the cube. The posi- scales of magnification. This prop- about the closest you can come to tive charges form a heavily charged erty permits Lichtenberg figures holding fossilized lightning in your layer on all of the exterior surfaces to be described and modeled us- hand. of the cube. When the specimen ing a branch of mathematics called Solarization and other effects is discharged, these positive sur- Fractal Geometry. Self similarity During irradiation, the acrylic is face charges become neutralized is a key property of fractals. Self observed to glow a brilliant blue- via surface sparks that jump to the similarity can easily be seen in the white color. Although radiation main discharge exit point - these following sequence of zooms from chemistry studies suggest that this can be seen as horizontal discharg- a 12" x 12" Lichtenberg Figure as may be luminescence or Cheren- es on the top surface in the image. the branching become finer and kov radiation, the reason(s) are A much larger (18" x 18" x 1") hairlike, ultimately disappearing. not fully understood. You may specimen was discharged during It has recently been discovered that notice that our specimens have a our 2005 production run. The es- Lichtenberg figures can be modeled discharge-free zone along all of timated potential of the internal as a process called "Diffusion Lim- the outside edges. This is because charge plane was 2.2 million volts. ited Aggregation" or DLA. A useful PMMA is not a perfect insulator, Because of it's larger size, this macroscopic model that combines so some of the internal charge can specimen had considerably more an electric field with DLA is called "leak away" to the outside surfaces. stored electrostatic energy, and the Dielectric Breakdown Model or This reduces the amount of stored the discharge was quite loud and DBM. The dielectric breakdown charge along the perimeter to the very bright! The actual discharge, model appears to describe the point where he electrical field is no although very brief, saturated the branching growth that characterize longer sufficient to break down the camera's image sensor. A multitude the dielectric breakdown process acrylic. of secondary discharges was also within solids, liquids, and gases. In our specimens, a portion of the observed after the main discharge. Air is an excellent dielectric. And, acrylic has an amber or greenish Lichtenberg figures are fractals although the physical breakdown tint. This coloration is called solar- The rounded, crystalline flakes that mechanisms for air and PMMA are ization. Solarization is thought to make up the Lichtenberg Figure are considerably different, the appear- be caused by the formation of de- actually chains of tiny chonchoid- ance of the branching discharges is fects through electron collisions, al fractures. These shell-shaped actually quite similar. So it should high energy x-rays, and temporary fractures are characteristic of the not be surprising that the branch- trapping of ionic charges within the way noncrystalline (amorphous) ing forms of lightning also have molecular structure of the PMMA. materials fracture when stressed fractal characteristics. The internal Solarization is usually confined beyond their breaking point. The discharges within charge bearing only to the portion of the acrylic tiny fractures easily reflect light, regions of a thundercloud that feed that was in the direct path of the so illuminating the figures from current into the main lightning dis- decelerating electrons. Electrons the side will cause the entire figure charge (called J-Streamers and within the beam are initially trav- to glow brilliantly with the reflect- K-Streamers) are quite similar in eling at ~99% of the speed of

A sequence of zooms illustrates the “self similar “ property of Lichtenberg Figures.

30 Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 light. As they collide with acrylic are thought to be due to variations molecules, they rapidly come to a in the acrylic blend used by vari- Scalar Waves stop within a fraction of an inch. ous manufacturers, permanent From an extended vortex and field theory to a technical, biological and historical The electrons in the beam have a irradiation-induced changes to the use of longitudinal waves. tremendous amount of kinetic en- structure of the acrylic, or residual by Prof. Dr. Konstantin Meyl ergy, and as they suddenly brake to mechanical stresses near the dis- From Maxwell's field equations, only trans- a stop, they release their energy in charge fractures. verse (Hertzian) waves can be derived, the form of heat and powerful X- Natural Lichtenberg figures and whereas the calculation of longitudinal rays. scalar waves gives zero as a result. This fulgurites is a flaw of the field theory, since scalar As the acrylic absorbs electrons Occasionally, nature also creates waves exist for all particle waves. Starting and x-rays, various physical and "fossilized lightning". Called fulgu- from Faraday's discovery, an extended field chemical reactions occur that al- rites, these are hollow, sometimes theory is derived, which goes beyond Max- well’s theory with description of potential ter its optical properties. Although branching tubes that are formed vortices (noise vortices) and their propaga- the specific causes of solarization when the powerful electrical cur- tion as scalar waves, containing Maxwell’s are not fully understood, there is rent from a lightning strike creates theory as a special case. With that the ex- evidence that irradiation creates underground discharge channels tension doesn't contradict textbook physics. unstable, or longer-lived "metasta- within poorly conducting sandy Besides the mathematical calculations, this book contains technical information on sca- ble", compounds that preferentially or sandy-clay soils. These hollow lar waves for such uses as parallel image absorb light at the blue end of the channels were formed as the in- transmission, and addresses questions of spectrum. This causes solarized re- tensely hot channel of the lightning the environmental compatibility. gions to appear as an amber or lime arc fused surrounding sand and soil 530101 - Scalar Waves ...... $49.95 green color. particles which then cooled to form

While much of the solarization a solid glassy tube. Some fulgurites Creation fades over a period of hours, the re- also exhibit fractal characteristics The Physical Truth mainder may take months, or even as they split into smaller diameter by Harold Aspden root like branches at further dis- years, to fade. The fading process What is the physical truth can be accelerated by gently heat- tances from the site of the main about creation, and how do we ing the block in the presence of strike. develop the 'theory of everything' to explain oxygen. Most older Lichtenberg Lichtenberg figures, sometimes it? In Creation, Aspden deciphers in physical terms nature's messages, as coded in figures no longer show any solar- called "lightning flowers" or "skin the numerical values of the fundamental ization, but they may still show feathering", are sometimes formed physical constants. He presents an account a bit of "fogging" above the dis- beneath the skin of humans who telling us how the primary particle of mat- charge layer. Some exceptional have been struck by lightning. The ter, the proton, the nucleus of the hydrogen specimens show virtually no initial unfortunate victim will often have atom, is created and how stars are formed, besides explaining why matter is subject to solarization, while other specimens reddish radiating feathery patterns the force of gravity. The result reveals evi- retain their color indefinitely. that branch outward from the entry dence that challenges many astrophysical notions. It warrants attention as it may re- Most specimens also exhibit slight and exit points of the strike. The medical term for this phenomenon veal how to bring that omnipresent energy changes in their refractive index, source into the realm of technology at a especially near the Lichtenberg is "arborescent lightning burn" or time when it is most needed. It is only by discharge region. These differences "arborescent erythema". understanding how forces of nature gener- ate a state of spin in the aether that we may see how to extract its energy. 530110 -Creation: Phys Truth ...... $44.95 Shipping/Handling Rates 1st Item: $7-US; $9-Can/Mex; $12-Other Each Add’l Item: $2-US; $3-Can/Mex; $6-Other TeslaTech, Inc 296 E Donna Drive Queen Valley,AZ 85218 Call (520) 463-1994 Nature also creates "fossilized lightning" formed when lightning strikes poorly conducting sandy soils. www.teslatech.info

Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 31 A Lichtenberg figure created when a high voltage Tesla’s Views spark penetrated the skin of an unfortunate (but surviving) electrical experimenter who took a “hit” On the Wireless from a 60,000 volt Marx Generator. Transmission of Power hits a grassy field, as in this picture compiled by where lightning struck a flagpole, Steven r. Elswick leaving this beautiful 25 foot Lich- In 1899, Nikola Tesla—the world's foremost tenberg figure on the green of a electrical wizard of his time—physically golf course. demonstrated the wireless transmission of power in Colorado Springs. Over the next High voltage discharges to the 50 years, Tesla failed in his attempts to bring surface of water can also create power to the people. Articles and letters to Lichtenberg figures. Some very various editors form a clear, coherent, and beautiful examples of both positive articulate visualization of Tesla's concept of and negative Lichtenberg figures power, and how he could move immense Although their cause is subject to amounts of currents through the earth with on water surfaces can be seen on his ultimate power machine. Tesla's famous some debate, lightning flowers ap- Dr. Colin Pounder's Lichtenberg article... The Problem of Increasing Human pear to be the result of damage to figures web site. This phenomenon Energy is included. Read Tesla's writings small capillaries under the skin, and see that his dream of wireless power can also be seen on a much larger perhaps caused by the flow of elec- scale at some high energy pulsed IS practical and the obstacles from the “or- trical current from the stroke, or ganized opposition” he encountered in his power facilities, where deionized Herculean struggle to realize his dream be- shock wave bruising from exter- water is often used as a dielectric come self-evident. nal flashovers just above the skin. to briefly store large amounts of 290008-Tesla Views on Wireless ... 19.95 The arborescent (tree-like) reddish marks fade away over a period of Nikola Tesla hours or days. They are recognized CD-ROM Patent by forensic pathologists as clear Collection evidence that a victim has been On Compiled by struck by lightning. CD-ROM Bruce perreault A small Lichtenberg figure has also The most complete set of Tesla’s Patents been observed at the point where a available today... it includes Canadian and British patents as well as all US patents. high voltage spark penetrated the Included, is the “High Vacua” Patent that skin of an unfortunate (but surviv- the US and Russia may have referred to for ing) local electrical experimenter their “death/disintegrator ray” weapons re- who took an accidental "hit" from search programs. Some patents may seem a homemade 60,000 volt Marx to be redundant. However, these patents Note how similar the golf course figure below contain a more detailed account of Tesla’s Generator. A similar phenomenon appears to the Lichtenberg figure within this inventions due to US Patent examiners not is sometimes seen when lightning specimen (lit from behind by blue LED's). allowing Tesla’s theoretical interpretations of his inventions–the very heart of Tesla’s Technology! Along patents that have US counterparts, are other patents that have never been heard of and may have been lost forever. (CD-ROM) 480001-Tesla CD-rOM patents ... $34.95 Shipping/Handling Rates 1st Item: $7-US; $9-Can/Mex; $12-Other Each Add’l Item: $2-US; $3-Can/Mex; $6-Other TeslaTech, Inc 296 E Donna Drive Queen Valley,AZ 85218

Call (520) 463-1994 A lightning bolt hitting a flag pole on a golf course created this Lichtenberg Figure! (From "Lightning www.teslatech.info and Lichtenberg Figures" by Cherington, Olson and Yarnell, Injury, Volume 34, Issue 5, May 2003)

32 Ex t r a Or d i n a r y tE c h n O l O g y - Apr/MAy/Jun 2007 Sandia National Laboratory's mighty Z Machine, the world's largest pulse generator. After the completion of a high energy experiment, the water breaks down from the electrical stress, becoming an electrical conductor that safely dissipates unwanted residual energy from the system, and forming Lichtenberg figures that dance along the water's surface. Our Lichtenberg Figures Several members of our team were fascinated by Lichtenberg Figures but were continually frustrated by their scarcity. So, we decided to conduct our own research into the underlying physics and to experiment and develop improved techniques for creating them. However, since beam time and raw electrical energy. The famous pho- Lichtenberg Figures combine the materials are quite expensive, we to above is from Sandia National technologies of particle beam and also decided to offer specimens to Laboratory's mighty Z Machine, dielectric physics with the natu- the general public in order to help the world's largest pulse generator. ral beauty of fractals. Lichtenberg fund future research. During each After the completion of a high en- figures are completely safe - they new experimental run, we’ve tried ergy experiment, the water breaks have been electrically discharged to “push the envelope”, trying to down from the electrical stress, be- and have no residual radioactivity create larger or more complex coming an electrical conductor that or X-radiation. And, as with snow- figures. Specimens from our De- safely dissipates unwanted residual flakes, every Lichtenberg Figure is cember 2006 production run truly energy from the system, and form- a one-of-a kind treasure. represent the current state of the ing Lichtenberg Figures that dance Following are a pair Lichtenberg art, and we are proud to claim along the water's surface. sculptures that can be rotated 360 that a number of these specimens If you look closely, you'll notice degrees so that you can fully enjoy are truly World Class in beauty or that many of the radial paths actu- the beauty of our doubly-irradiated size. ally trace out high voltage electrical Lichtenberg figures. The irradia- We now offer over 40 styles of field lines along the surface of the tion process results in very complex Lichtenberg Figures ranging in size water. Although impressive, this discharges within and between the from affordable 2” panels and 1.5” display is only dissipating "left two charge layers. cubes, a wide selection of medium over" energy, representing only a very small fraction (perhaps 5%) of the energy that was actually used during the previous pulsed power experiment. Most of the acrylic Lichtenberg figures shown on our web site teslamania.delete.org were produced by irradiating various acrylic shapes using a 5 MeV Continuous Wave (CW) LINAC - a 150 kW high power electron beam accelerator called a Dynamitron. A few were created using pulsed linear accelerators at significantly "Heavy Weather" "Windblown Lightning" higher beam energies (10-15 MeV). (Courtesy of Theodore Gray) (Courtesy of Theodore Gray)

Ex t r a Or d i n a r y Te c h n o l o g y - Apr/May/Jun 2007 33 Lost and larger sized specimens, muse- most of our figures. As with snow- um quality 17” x 17” x 2” specimens flakes, every Lichtenberg Figure is Science for discriminating collectors and unique. Although your figure may Gerry Vassilatos institutions, and huge specimens differ from the examples shown THIS BOOK OuT OF prInT! measuring up to 24” x 36”. Every on our web site, we guarantee it No plans to reprint paperback. Lichtenberg Figure ships with a will be of similar or better quality. GBC version is available. one page explanation about what Some specimens may have small Rediscover legends of a suppressed it is and how it was created. Since fractures at, or near, the exit point scientific revolution — remarkable lives, as- tounding discoveries, incredible inventions! most of our figures are brand new, of the discharge - this is a natural • Baron Karl von Reichenbach- aura research portions of the figure may have an consequence of the high energy • Antonio Meucci - physiophone and wireless amber hue,(solarization). Solariza- discharging process. • Nathan Stubblefield - earth battery technology tion usually fades with time. The Lichtenberg Figures make unique • Nikola Tesla - geoætheric engines fading process can be accelerated • Dr. Royal Rife - cancer cures that worked gifts and memorable corporate or • T.H. Moray - space energy device by applying gentle heat or by put- retirement awards. Larger figures • T.T. Brown - gravitational warp research ting your figure in warm sunlight. can be prominently displayed as • Philo Farnsworth - FUSOR project Display treasured works of scientific art Each chapter is a biographic treasure cov- Most of the images on our site were that will enhance the decor of any ering the inventor, his technology, and the intrigue surrounding its deliberate sup- taken using lighting conditions room or office. We also offer laser pression. Far behind our intended stage of which highlight the delicate inter- engraving of the figures or en- development, complete knowledge of loss nal patterns. However similar, or graved brass plaques for many of is key to recapture wonder technology. even more spectacular, results can our bases. Because demand is high 220038- Lost Science (GBC)... 29.95 be obtained by lighting the figures and quantities limited, we recom- Secrets of using white or colored LED’s, or by mend that you order early to avoid Cold War placing them in the path of sunlight disappointment. Technology or bright incandescent lighting. The Very few people have actually seen reflected and refracted light makes Project HAARP and Beyond or held one of these rare objects. the figure glow brightly from with- Gerry Vassilatos Far fewer have ever owned one. in. We offer a variety of standard GBC version only is available. Stoneridge Engineering is proud and custom LED light bases for to be the world’s most experienced This complete technical history of military proj- ects rooted in Tesla Technology, shows the provider for these beautiful and rare development of every relevant project preceding treasures. We offer a wide selection and exceeding HAARP... . This incredible book of 2D and 3D figures ranging in size tells it all... from affordable 2 inch specimens • Tesla technology research & development... through museum quality figures • Auroral energy research... • Ray beam weapon technology... as large as 24 inches by 36 inches. • Ionospheric disruption experiments... Please view our galleries at • EMP... a strange and deadly technology... teslamania.delete.org • Space tech vs earth based radio systems... • HAARP and Project Sanguine! to see the world’s most beautiful Complete with patent citations, this book will A group of intricate Lichtenberg Figure Cubes. Lichtenberg figures! __BH change your view of world events and electro- magnetic (radio) technology.... 220037-Secret Cold War (GBC) ... $29.95 Shipping/Handling Rates 1st Item: $7-US; $9-Can/Mex; $12-Other Each Add’l Item: $2-US; $3-Can/Mex; $6-Other TeslaTech, Inc 296 E Donna Drive Queen Valley,AZ 85218

Call (520) 463-1994 The birth of a new Lichtenberg Figure - as the trapped electrons rush out of the acrylic, they create a brilliant flash and a loud bang. The photos above show a 12” figure being discharged as viewed www.teslatech.info normally and through a neutral density filter

34 Ex t r a Or d i n a r y tE c h n O l O g y - Apr/MAy/Jun 2007