111-------' II Census of India, 1951 I DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK UTTAR PRADESH 19-ETAWAH DISTRICT I .. ALLAHABAD; SUPERINTENDENT, PRINTING AND STATIONERY, UTl'AR PRADESH. INDlA 1955 .~. ~ \ ----~-- DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 E'rA WAH DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, includ~ng Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volum. for each district. In the I9SI census, when the tabulation has been.more elaborate than ever in view of the require, ments of the country, the district ...wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non, agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901...02 to I9jO"'SI and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may,be added here that a separate set of district ... wise volumes giving only population figures of rural. areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohanas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is thirty one. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been ~ade and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of I9SS. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., . RAMPUR: Superintendent} Census Operations# AUlust 27~ I9SS. Uttar Pradesh, CONTENTS r~BOI>UtvrION- A-The Distriot i ~iii B-Analysis of the Statistios C-Explanatory Note on the Statistics •• xi-xiii PARTI-DISTRIO:r CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population .. 3 A.II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by P013ulation 4-5. A-IV Tewns Classified by Population with Variations since 190 I 6 A.V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by LivelihoOd Classes 7 E Area and Population of Distriot and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 8-9 B-EooN01dIO TABLES-- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub·olasses 10-13 B·II Secondary Means of Livelihood 14-23 B.III Employers, Employees and Independent. Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions . • 24·-51 B.IV Unemployment by LIvelihood Classos 52-53 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 54-57 a-HOUSJ!)HOLI> AND AGE (SAJIl'LE) TAlILES­ C·I Household (.ize and oomposition) 58-59 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 60-65 C.III Age and Civil Condition 66-69 C·IV Age and Literacy 10-13 C.V Single year Age Returns 74-81 D-SOOIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D·l Languages (i) Mother Tongue .. 82-83 (ii) Bilingualism 84---85 D.lI Religion 86-87 D· III Soheduled Oastes 86-87 D-lV Migrants 88-91 D·V (i) Displaced persone by year of arrival in India 92-93 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 94-95 D.VI Non·Indian Nationals 94-95 D.VII Livelihood Classes by Eduoational Standards 96-101 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND 'l'HANA STATISTIC8 Primary Census Abstract I04-1S1 2 pargana and Thana·wise Population 152 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS 1 Vital Statistics .. 154-157 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 158-159 (ii) Area as olassified with details of arell. under cultivation 160-163 (iii) Cropped Area 164-119 (iv) Irrigated Area 180-183 3 Live·Stock, Agdoultural M":(lhinery_and Implements 184-186 4 List of Primary Schools 18'-190 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRIOT 1. The district of Etawah lies in the south-western portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Farrukhabad and Mainpuri while the small E$tent of western border adjoins tehsil Bah of Agra district. The eastern frontier marches with the district of Kanpur and along the south lie Jalaun district and the State of Madhya Bharat, the diviqing line being, except for a short distance, the Chambal and Yamuna rivers. It has a total area of 1,670 square miles whioh is less than the average district area of the State. Its population in 1951 was g·7Iakhs. It has 4, tehsils. Tehsil Bidh­ una lies in the north-east with tehsil Auraiya to its south. Bharthana occupies the centre of the district while Etawah oovers its western part. The distriot has 4, perga.nas and 18 thanas. 2. Etawah district is one of the southern Doah districts of the Plain, but its physioal Topography features vary considerably and are determined by the rivers whioh cross it. It is divisible into four belts of distinct natural characteristios whioh run from the west to the south- east. Its two tehsils Etawl10h and Bharthana which cover slioes of the distriot from north to south cut right across th0 four natural divisions; Auraiya tehsil in the south-east also cuts right across the topographical divisions but Bidhuna tehsil in the north-east is homogeneous. The northern belt is the broadest covering half the district, and it oonsists of the country lying north-east of Sengar river whioh wends its wa.y south-eastwards down the district and serves a most important role in the drainage system of the district. It includes the northern portions of tehsils Ebawah, Bharthana and Auraiya and whole of Bidhuna. This whole belt looally known as Pachar presents a level expanse of upland. The surfa.ce is only broken by occasional sandy ridges Ql' Py one or two inconsiderable streams such as the Pandu and Arind and the latter's tributaries. The second belt, th~ Ghar running the whole length of the district, lies between the Sengar and the Yamuna. It comprises a slightly undulating stretch of oountry ......ering portions of Etawah and Bharthana and the bulk of the Auraiya tehsil. Much of the land in the west along the Sirsa and noor its junction with Sengar is inferior; and sand-dunes of oonsiderable extent are to be fOURd. Ea.stward from Etawah the Ghar ·has very gentle undulations with a tendenoy of the lower levels to settle towards the centre, while the land rises towards the ridges overlooking the two rivers Sengar in the north and Yamuna in the south. Hillooks of sand and bhur are found in t3hsil Bharthana. In Aumiya there is a fairly clearly defined backbone of depressions down the centre of the tract. South of the Ghar lies the third belt which includes the parts of the sa.me tehsUs that adjoin the river Ya.muna and is locally known as Kh(J,rka. This tract depends for its formation a.nd character on the river itself; ravines whioh have been cllorved out by erosion, lO'Wlying land in the old river beds which the Yamuna haa suooessively abandoned; and aIluvia.1 lands within the influence of the river at the present time. The fourth belt is the Chambal-Yamuna doab. It has two oentrallevel platoous of good light soil : one in Eta.wah tehsil and the other in Bharthana tehsil. The two plateaus are sep_arated from each other and surrounded on all sides by ravines of considerable are]'s. Most of the country til wide Md desolate, incapable of irrigation and perhaps more suited for pastoral uses than agri- ~ur8tl. WUd~r and more inaccessible still is a strip of villages south of the Chambal. The Kuwari, Chambal, Yamuna and Sindh drain and over-drain the southern part of the district ; the rain water running off at a pace which does considerable damage by ero­ Bkm. Above the Yamuna ravines a high ridge forms a watershed. In the Ghar the dra­ inage is E1verywhere good and easy. The Canal Department has done a good deal of work for improving the drainage in other parts of the district and it seams to be ma.ster of the situation. 3. In the Pachar and Ghar tracts the soils are broa.dly distinguishable into dumat s.iJs or loam, matiyar or olay and bhur or sand. Besides these are found everywhere lowlying beds of clay in which water collects during the rains and rice a.lone can be grown : these olay beds are known as Jhabar. In the Kharka and Trans-Yamuna tract several other classes of soil are met with. In the ra-v.nes-of the river and the land immediately adjacent to them are found fields full of kankar and gravel the soil of whioh is oalled pakar. Below the ravines a.nd in the wider valleys between them the soil that is flooded by the Yamuna is oalled kachhar and along the edges of the streams there is a. rioh strip of alluvial deposit which is known as Tir. Both kachhar and Tir vary greatly in quality: some patohes of these soils oonsist of a rich reddish olay ; other portions are oomposed of a dark ooloured loam; and others again are white and san'tly in appearance >vnd less ferbile. By far th~ most prevalent soil is dumat followed by bhur, ti Classification 01 4. The figures of the classitloation of aroo during the last fifty yoors are given in area Ta.ble 2 of Part III of this volume. The portion of area under the various oategories works out as follows for 1950·51: Actual :figures Particulars (in acres) Percentage ~----------------------------------~----~---------=-- Cultivated are.