PICES-2017 Environmental Changes in the North Pacific and Impacts On

PICES-2017

Environmental changes in the North Pacific and impacts on biological resources and ecosystem services

North Pacific Marine Science Organization

September 22 - October 1, 2017 Vladivostok, Russia

Table of Contents Meeting Timetable ��4

List of Sessions/Workshops ��6

Sessions and Workshops Descriptions ��7

Abstracts Oral Presentations (ordered by Session/Workshop) ��

Keynote Lecture ��19

Plenary ��21

Sessions ��25

Workshops ��103

Abstracts Poster Presentations (ordered by Session/Workshop) ��123

Author Index ��187

Registrants, Observers, PICES ��193

Abstracts for oral presentations are sorted first by presentation day and then by presentation time. Abstracts for posters are sorted by session and then by paper ID number. Presenter name is in bold-face type and underlined. Some abstracts in this collection are not edited and are printed in the condition they were received.

3 Meeting Timetable

Friday, September 22 D-504 D-501 D-601 09:00 12:30 W6 W3 W4 ZP Production Highly Migratory Long Term Changes 14:00 W2 18:00 Species HABs (end at 1900) Coastal Ecosystem Services Saturday, September 23 A-517 Rm1/L4 B-537 B-552 B-626 D-501 D-504 D-601 D-604 D-569 D-564 09:00 12:30 W1 WG-32 SG-MES S-HAB S-CC WG-38 WG-30 WG-40 WG-36 WG-35 Bering Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting S-MBM 14:00 Sea 18:00 Meeting [13-18:00] Sunday, September 24 B-626 B-537 D-504 D-564 D-569 D-501 B-552 D-601 Science 09:00 AP-CREAMS AP-NIS Board 12:30 Meeting Meeting Meeting* WG-37 AP-NPCOOS S-CCME WG-39 WG-33 Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting 14:00 FUTURE SSC S-MBM 17:00 Meeting Meeting [13-17:00] HD MEQ BIO TCODE POC FIS MONITOR 18:00 Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting 20:00 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Day 1 Monday, September 25 08:45 [Middle Hall] 10:10 Opening Session 10:30 [Middle Hall] 18:20 Plenary Science Board Symposium (S1) [Big Panoramic Hall] 18:30 Welcome Reception 21:00 (for all participants and registered guests) Tuesday, September 26 [posters can be displayed starting at noon] 09:00 [Middle Hall] 10:30 Plenary Session (S3, S12, S13) D-501 D-504 D-601 D-604 B-537 10:50 S3 14:00 (MSY) S6 S13 14:00 S8/HD-Paper (Inter Var; Forecasts & (Anthropogenic F&A 16:00 S12 (Marine Ecosys Health) Climate Proj) Effects) Meeting (Prey Consumption) 16:20 (closed) 18:00 FUTURE 19:00 SSC 21:00 Meeting Wednesday, September 27 [posters available for viewing all day] 5 level Building B Middle Hall B-537 09:00 S10 FUTURE Plenary F&A Meeting 12:30 (Emerging Issues) (closed) B-537 A-517 B-626 D-501 D-504 D-601 D-604 BIO FIS MEQ MONITOR POC TCODE HD 14:00 Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting Meeting 18:00 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 Day 2 18:30 Sport Event 21:00 4 Meeting Timetable (continued)

Thursday, September 28 [posters available for viewing all day] 5 level Building B

09:00 [Middle Hall] 10:30 Plenary Session (S2, S5, S11) D-601 D-604 D-501 D-504 TBA

10:50 S11 13:00-15:00 12:30 Public S4 S9 (Arctic/Subarctic Envir Var) S2 Lectures for (Adverse Impacts) (Meso/Submeso) (Microplastics) 14:00 S5 University 18:00 (Coast Ecosys Cons) students [Cafeteria Level 5] 18:00 Poster Session* (reception) 21:00 “Wine and Cheese” Friday, September 29 D-501 D-504 D-601 D-604 09:00 BIO-Paper FIS-Paper MEQ-Paper POC-Paper 12:20 12:40 [Middle Hall] 13:40 Closing Session** 13:50 B-537 18:00 Science Board Meeting (closed) 18:30 Chairman’s Reception 21:00 [by invitation only] Saturday, September 30 09:00 D-564 D-569 18:00 Science Board Meeting (closed) Governing Council Meeting (closed) Sunday, October 1 09:00 D-569 18:00 Governing Council Meeting (closed)

5 List of Sessions and Workshops

S1 Sept. 25 Environmental changes in the North Pacific and impacts on biological resources and ecosystem services S2 Sept. 28 Microplastics in marine environments: Fate and effects S3 Sept. 26 Below and beyond maximum sustainable yield: Ecosystem reference points S4 Sept. 28 Adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems: how do we best measure, monitor, understand and predict? S5 Sept. 28 Coastal ecosystem conservation and challenges S6 Sept. 26 Interannual variability in marine ecosystems and its coupling with climate projections S8/HD Sept. 26 Marine ecosystem health and human well-being: a social-ecological systems approach S9 Sept. 28 Meso-/submeso-scale processes and their role in marine ecosystems S10 Sept. 27 Emerging issues in understanding, forecasting and communicating climate impacts on North Pacific marine ecosystems S11 Sept. 28 Environmental variability in arctic and subarctic regions and evaluating fishery management strategies S12 Sept. 26 Seasonal and climatic influences on prey consumption by marine birds, mammals, and predatory fishes S13 Sept. 26 Joint PICES-ICES Session on Anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical processes, carbon export and sequestration: Impact on ocean ecosystem services BIO-P Sept. 29 BIO Contributed Paper Session FIS-P Sept. 29 FIS Contributed Paper Session MEQ-P Sept. 29 MEQ Contributed Paper Session POC-P Sept. 29 POC Contributed PaperSession GP General Poster Session W1 Sept. 23 The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating the arctic II: international interdisciplinary collaboration W2 Sept. 22 Coastal ecosystem services in the North Pacific and analytical tools/methodologies for the assessment W3 Sept. 22 Linking oceanographic conditions to the distribution and productivity of highly migratory species and incorporation into fishery stock assessment models W4 Sept. 22 Long-term changes in HAB occurrences in PICES nations; the Eastern vs. Western Pacific W6 Sept. 22 Advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods of measuring zooplankton production

6 Session/Workshop Descriptions

7 PICES-2017

S1: Science Board Symposium Environmental changes in the North Pacific and impacts on biological resources and ecosystem services

Co-Convenors: Hiroaki Saito (SB) Se-Jong Ju (BIO) Elizabeth Logerwell (FIS) Keith Criddle (HD) Chuanlin Huo (MEQ) Jennifer Boldt (MONITOR) Emanuele Di Lorenzo (POC) Joon-Soo Lee (TCODE) Steven Bograd (FUTURE) Sukyung Kang (FUTURE) Igor Shevchenko (Russia) Motomitsu Takahashi (Japan)

Invited Speakers: Mary Hunsicker (NOAA, USA) Kirill Kivva (Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Russia) Kanae Tokunaga (Ocean Alliance, The University of Tokyo, Japan) James Thorson (NOAA, USA)

Marine ecosystems around the North Pacific are changing. Over the past decade physical, chemical, and biological processes have been altered by climate change and anthropogenic impacts. In response, species’ ranges have shifted, disrupting ecosystem goods and services, including fisheries resources upon which communities around the North Pacific depend. Understanding, characterizing and forecasting ecosystem changes will ensure managers and policy makers have the information needed to maintain ecosystem biodiversity, structure and function, and ultimately sustainable utilization of ocean resources. Assessments that use observation-based indicators of ecosystem conditions coupled with numerical models capable of predicting future marine ecosystem conditions at short (seasonal to interannual), medium (decadal) and long-term (multi-decadal) scales can inform management and policy decisions. We invite submissions related to characterizing and understanding drivers of North Pacific ecosystem change and their impacts to, and resilience of, ecosystem resources and services. Drivers may include but are not limited to climate change, ocean acidification, coastal eutrophication, aquaculture, fishing, pollution, coastal development, non-indigenous species, and cumulative impacts of multiple stressors. Further, it is recognized that there are inherent trade-offs among multiple-use ocean activities, and mechanisms are needed to resolve these to ensure sustainable use of North Pacific resources and ecosystems. Thus, presentations are welcome that address leading indicators of change in exploited resources (i.e., fisheries stocks), non-linear and threshold responses of trophic linkages from phytoplankton to top predators, and approaches integrating monitoring and modeling to forecast ecosystem responses that can inform management and policy options.

8 PICES-2017

S2: MEQ Topic Session Microplastics in marine environments: Fate and effects

Co-Sponsors: GESAMP, NOWPAP

Co-Convenors: Wonjoon Shim (Korea) Hideshige Takada (Japan) Peter Ross (Canada) Peter Kershaw (GESAMP) Lev Neretin (NOWPAP)

Invited Speakers: Seung-Kyu Kim (Incheon National University, Korea) Daoji Li (East China Normal University, China) Chelsea M. Rochman (University of Toronto, Canada)

Microplastics are now ubiquitous from the near shore to open ocean, from the sea surface to bottom, and from subtropical to polar seas. Relatively high abundance of microplastics has been reported in the North Pacific Gyre as well as coastal waters of North Pacific region among the world oceans. In addition, with decreasing size, they become more bioavailable to small aquatic organisms down to zooplankton. Ingested microplastics have been found in various taxa across trophic levels. Associated chemicals in microplastics may be transferred to an organism upon ingestion. Microplastics represent trans-boundary pollution which can also deliver associated chemicals and invasive organisms to regions far removed from source. Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a potential threat to biota in the ocean. However, because of their size detecting the presence of microplastics and adverse biological effects, if any, becomes considerably more challenging. The objective of this session is to present status and trend information for microplastic pollution and its environmental consequences in the PICES region. Papers are invited that assess microplastics 1) hotspots in the PICES region, 2) sources and input pathways, 3) fate and behaviour of microplastics, 4) role as sink or source of associated toxic chemicals, and 5) biological and ecological effects. Recommendations on how to address growing problems associated with microplastics will be also considered.

9 PICES-2017

S3: FUTURE Topic Session Below and beyond maximum sustainable yield: Ecosystem reference points

Co-Convenors: Elliot L. Hazen (USA) Jennifer Boldt (Canada) Robert Blasiak (Japan) Mary Hunsicker (USA)

Invited Speaker: Robert Blasiak (University of Tokyo, Japan)

PICES SG/WG-CERP is tasked with identifying ecosystem reference points that would integrate across committees to achieve FUTURE goals and missions. This topic review session will examine a) examples of ecosystem reference points that have been established, and b) methodologies for calculating ecosystem reference points from driver-pressure relationships across PICES ecosystems. The goal would be for this topic session to bring together experts from physical, biological, and human dimensions to explore past and future approaches to understand how ecosystem management have and can best set reference points that deal with ecological and societal goals. Reference points for fisheries management are generally determined under a single set of environmental conditions with a single species focus. Almost all forms of resource management rely on reference points in order to manage a species (e.g. BMSY, Potential Biological Removal, Yield per Recruit). However, ecosystem reference points that have been developed have largely focused on additive relationships but more attention is needed on setting reference points in relation to ecosystem functioning such as climatic forcing and predator-prey relationships. One such example, maximum ecosystem yield (MEY) in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea provides an umbrella on total catch, but still does not account for intraspecific dynamics or climate forcing. We propose a topic session that will involve participation from multiple PICES committees and will focus on reviewing examples of ecosystem reference points and methods for defining reference points that have been used internationally. Anticipated outcomes of the session are a report to be distributed to PICES on the summary of the presentations and discussion and a Special issue on “Ecosystem reference points” including a manuscript from WG participants in collaboration with a journal TBD. We anticipate a 1-day topic session with talks focusing on (a) examples of ecosystem reference points, (b) modeling studies examining mechanistic linkages between pressure – driver relationships, and (c) methodological approaches towards identifying reference points.

S4: MONITOR Topic Session Adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems: How do we best measure, monitor, understand and predict?

Co-Convenors: Akash Sastri (Canada) Naoki Yoshie (Japan) Jack Barth (USA)

Invited Speakers: Yuichi Hayami (Institute of Lowland and Marine Research (ILMR), Saga University, Japan) Peter Zhadan (V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Russia)

Adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems by, for example, episodic harmful algal blooms and hypoxic events and by increasing ocean warming and acidification, are prevalent in North Pacific coastal waters. These can occur both in semi-enclosed basins and open coastal areas, and in regions with and without strong anthropogenic impact. These adverse impacts share a common characteristics in that they all involve linked physical, biological, and chemical processes as well as, in some cases, human-related actions. To achieve a complete understanding of these negative impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems requires multi-parameter observations from a variety of in-water platforms. Measurements include those from physical, chemical and biological sensors and from discrete water samples and net tows. Time series are necessary to define the time scale of the impact and the seasonal and interannual conditions present at the time of the impact. These critical in-water measurements are

10 PICES-2017 often combined with remotely sensed observations and with numerical models to gain further understanding of the origin and evolution of the negative impacts. We invite contributions that identify adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems in North Pacific coastal waters and that use multi-sensor time series and models to understand and predict these phenomena. Contributions may include the description of multi-parameter coastal ocean observing systems designed to address the causes and evolution of negative impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems. We are particularly interested in studies that address these adverse coastal ocean ecosystem impacts from a transdisciplinary point-of-view.

S5: FIS Topic Session Coastal ecosystem conservation and challenge

Convenor: Xianshi Jin (China)

Invited Speaker: Cody S. Szuwalski (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA)

Under the impacts from climate change and human activities, many stocks were depleted, and habitats were degraded, Stock releasement and artificial reefs construction have been widely used in coastal area for restoring the depleted stocks and conservation of the ecosystem, as well as increasing the abundance for recreational fisheries. This session will focus on the studies of methods, results of the conservation measures and effects on fisheries and ecosystem, aiming at sharing the information of advantages and challenges, evaluating the results and ecological effects and management implications.

S6: POC/FIS Topic Session Interannual variability in marine ecosystems and its coupling with climate projections

Co-Convenors: Yury Zuenko (Russia) Jackie King (Canada) Masami Nonaka (Japan) Hee-Dong Jeong (Korea)

Invited Speaker: Elena Ustinova (Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO-Centre), Russia)

PICES has long recognized the importance of climate variability and climate change on marine ecosystems, particularly for multi-decadal scales. However, in fisheries management it is the variability at interannual scale that is of greater immediate interest. This session seeks to explore two aspects of interannual scale variability. First, the mechanisms responsible for year-to-year variability in marine ecosystems including fisheries, so one goal of this session is to encourage presentations that share examples of interannual variability (physics, biology, fisheries) where observations may have provided clues about the responsible mechanisms. A second objective of this session is to engage the climate, ocean and ecosystem modeling communities that are working on interannual to decadal-scales to (1) provide the empirical evidence underlying the assumptions for mechanisms of functional linkages between climate variability and ecosystem response at these temporal scales, (2) to assess the retrospective skill of coupled bio-physical models at multiple temporal scales, and (3) to identify how parameter uncertainty can be transferred from shorter forecasting frameworks to longer term projection models. Presentations on research that provide mechanistic understanding of observed changes through time, and connect interannual variability in oceanographic processes or ecosystem responses to short-term variability and long-term climate change are encouraged.

11 PICES-2017

Joined S8 / HD-Paper: HD Topic Session Marine ecosystem health and human well-being: A social-ecological systems approach

Co-Convenors: Keith R. Criddle (USA) Mitsutaku Makino (Japan) Ian Perry (Canada) Mark Wells (USA)

Invited Speakers: Suhendar I Sachoemar (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonesia) Charles Trick (Western University, Canada)

Ecosystem-based fisheries management seeks to restore, enhance, and protect living resources, their habitats, and ecological relationships to sustain all fisheries and provide for balanced ecosystems. Progress has been made internationally toward adopting ecosystem based fisheries management of marine systems (EBFM), with PICES countries contributing through regional applications in the North Pacific. Examples are the Study Group on Ecosystem-based management science and its application to the North Pacific (SG-EBM: 2003-2004) and the Working Group on Ecosystem-based management science and its application to the North Pacific (WG- 19: 2004-2009). Recent initiatives have expanded the concept of ecosystem to include human influences, both positive and negative, which is emerging as coupled marine social-ecological studies (Marine SES). An integrated understanding of how ecosystem changes affect human social systems and their well-being, and vice versa, are necessary to improve environmental stewardship. The PICES Study Group on Human Dimensions (SG-HD: 2009-2011), Section on Human Dimensions of Marine Systems (S-HD: 2011-), and PICES-MAFF Project on Marine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-being (MarWeB: 2012-2017) have contributed to ecosystem-based management efforts in the North Pacific. Also, cooperation with other international scientific organizations/ programs have been developing, such as MSEAS 2016 which was co-sponsored by PICES, ICES, Ifremer, etc. Key questions that structure these scientific activities are: (a) how do marine ecosystems support human well- being and (b) how do human communities support sustainable and productive marine ecosystems? This Topic Session welcomes papers that addresses all aspects of marine socio-ecologic systems, and particularly research that addresses the above two questions.

S9: POC Topic Session Meso-/submeso-scale processes and their role in marine ecosystems

Co-Convenors: Hiromichi Ueno (Japan) M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez (USA) Sachihiko Itoh (Japan) Elena Ustinova (Russia)

Invited Speakers: Sergey Prants (V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Russia) Rob Suryan (Oregon State University, USA)

Mesoscale and submesoscale (~1 to 100 km) currents and fronts such as eddies, streamers, filaments and streaks are ubiquitous features of the ocean. These complex but coherent patterns in the sea surface are often captured by satellite imagery and partially reproduced by high-resolution numerical ocean-circulation/biogeochemical models. While the interior structure of these fine-scale features and its dynamics are still in exploration, it has been well- known that there are tight linkages between physics and distribution of marine organisms at these scales, which includes dispersion, patchiness and aggregations of plankton, nekton, birds and mammals. Understanding the structure and physics of these horizontal fine-scale features, their effects on distribution and production of marine organisms, and how they influence the functioning of the marine ecosystem and its services such as fisheries yield and efficiency is necessary in order to assess likely system changes and shifts under a changing climate. This topic session aims to discuss the interaction between physics, chemistry, biology and fisheries of the ocean at the meso-

12 PICES-2017 and sub-mesoscale based on observations and modeling. Presentations will include various levels of organization (physics, biogeochemistry, fish/fisheries and other marine predators) from different areas in the PICES region, and participants will be invited to compare differences and discuss the underlying mechanisms.

S10: FUTURE Topic Session Emerging issues in understanding, forecasting and communicating climate impacts on North Pacific marine ecosystems

Co-Convenors: Steven Bograd (NOAA, USA) Sukyung Kang (NFRDI, Korea) Oleg Katugin (Russia) Guangshui Na (China)

Invited Speakers: Zhongyong Gao (Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, China) Desiree Tommasi (NOAA SWFSC, USA)

‘Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine Ecosystems’ (FUTURE) is an integrative Scientific Program undertaken by the member nations and affiliates of PICES to understand how marine ecosystems in the North Pacific respond to climate change and human activities, to forecast ecosystem status based on a contemporary understanding of how nature functions, and to communicate new insights to its members, governments, stakeholders and the public. While PICES has fostered advances in understanding how environmental and climate variability impacts marine ecosystems, our capacity to forecast these climate-driven impacts, at seasonal to decadal time scales, is less well developed. Similarly, there have been impediments in broadly disseminating results from the FUTURE Science Program in ways that optimize the utilization of the science. In this session, we will provide an assessment of our capacity to forecast climate-driven marine ecosystem changes on seasonal to decadal scales and review strategies for communicating FUTURE and PICES science. Advances in the understanding of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, and a broad dissemination of this information, are essential for preserving a healthy and sustainable North Pacific for FUTURE generations.

S11: FIS/POC Session Environmental variability in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems and impacts on fishery management strategies

Co-Convenors: Mikhail Stepanenko (TINRO-Center, Russia) Mikhail Zuev (TINRO-Center, Russia) Thomas Helser (REFM Division, AFSC, Seattle, WA, USA)

Invited Speaker: Yury Zuenko (Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO-Centre), Russia)

Environmental variability in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems affects the recruitment, abundance, behavior and the seasonal spatial distribution of fish and invertebrate populations which present challenges for fishery management strategies. Understanding environmental driven changes in fish populations can be used to improve predictions of assessed populations and may positively impact recreational fishing, commercial harvest and fishery-dependent coastal communities. This session explores the impacts of environmental variability projections to applied fishery problems in Arctic and Subarctic regions and the development of environmentally enhanced strategies of management.

13 PICES-2017

S12: BIO Topic Session Seasonal and climatic influences on prey consumption by marine birds, mammals and predatory fishes

Co-Convenors: Andrew Trites (Canada) Rob Suryan (USA) Mike Seki (USA) Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)

Invited Speaker: Jock Young (CSIRO, Tasmania, Australia)

Prey consumption by mid to upper trophic level marine birds, mammals, and predatory fishes is influenced by changes in prey abundance, prey availability, ocean climate and anthropogenic stressors. However, the extent to which predators can adapt to such changes and still meet their minimum energy requirements is uncertain. Understanding dietary changes of predators under varying environmental conditions is critical to informing prey consumption models and estimating relative contributions of bottom-up vs. top-down forcing in marine systems. Understanding how prey consumption of marine birds, mammals and predatory fishes will respond to climate change is also needed to predict changes in energy flow pathways in ecosystems, and has consequences for conservation initiatives and ensuring the sustainability of commercially important fishery resources. For this session, we request presentations on topics that address (a) the significance of seasonal changes in prey consumption on energy budgets and ecosystem dynamics, (b) the effects of changes in water temperature and other climatic variables on food requirements, (c) relationships between dietary shifts and population trends, (d) the limits of plasticity in prey selection, and (e) how prey consumption of birds, mammals, and predatory fishes is affected by the recent extreme climatic events—the blob, El Nino, ice cover changes, etc.

S13: BIO Topic Session Joint PICES-ICES Session on Anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical processes, carbon export and sequestration: Impact on ocean ecosystem services

Co-Convenors: Richard B Rivkin (Canada) Louis Legendre (France) Nianzhi Jiao (China) Robin Anderson (DFO, Canada)

Invited Speaker: Farooq Azam (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, USA)

Anthropogenic activities influence a suite of oceanic properties, including temperature, circulation patterns, and nutrient inputs and distributions. These activities in turn can alter biogeochemical processes and fluxes that influence marine foodwebs and ecosystem services, for example the biologically mediated ocean carbon pumps, fisheries, and other renewable marine resources. These responses of the ocean to changes in anthropogenic forcings will vary with the magnitude and types of impact, ocean region, and foodweb type. The responses may be local or global in scale. Anthropogenic forcing may alter the magnitude and even the direction of services in complex ways, and understanding how marine systems such as carbon pumps will respond to the changing ocean in the anthropocene requires consideration of cumulative effects of multiple activities. The first step in the carbon pump process is the transfer of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean, where it is taken up by phytoplankton, before organic carbon is synthesized, a portion of which is transferred to pelagic and benthic foodwebs (a regional ecosystem service). Some of the organic carbon can be sequestered in the deep ocean or sediments after being exported from the surface, or by transformation into long-lived dissolved organic compounds (a global ecosystem service). Marine carbon export and sequestration currently makes up about 50%

14 PICES-2017 of the anthropogenic CO2 and is hence among the most important earth-ecosystem services provided by the oceans. Biologically mediated carbon cycles also support other important ecosystem services such as aquaculture and fisheries which may also be altered. This session invites contributions from researchers who use observational, experimental, and modeling approaches to characterize and assess the effects of changing ocean biogeochemical processes and fluxes on the biologically mediated ocean carbon pumps and other ecosystems services, including fisheries and other renewable marine resources. The topic of this proposed theme session addresses the main focus of the joint PICES/ICES Working Group on Climate Change and Biologically-Driven Ocean Carbon Sequestration.

BIO Contributed Paper Session

Co-Convenors: Se-Jong Ju (Korea) Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez (USA)

The Biological Oceanography Committee (BIO) has a wide range of interests spanning from molecular to global scales. BIO targets all organisms living in the marine environment including bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, micronekton, benthos and marine birds and mammals. In this session, we welcome all papers on biological aspects of marine science in the PICES region. Contributions from early career scientists are especially encouraged.

FIS Contributed Paper Session

Co-Convenors: Elizabeth Logerwell (USA) Xianshi Jin (China)

This session invites papers addressing general topics in fishery science and fisheries oceanography in the North Pacific and its marginal seas, except those covered by Topic Sessions sponsored by the Fishery Science Committee (FIS).

MEQ Contributed Paper Session

Co-Convenors: Chuanlin Huo (China) Darlene Smith (Canada)

Papers are invited on all aspects of marine environmental quality research in the North Pacific and its marginal seas, except those covered by Topic Sessions sponsored by the Marine Environmental Quality Committee (MEQ).

POC Contributed Paper Session

Co-Convenors: Emanuele Di Lorenzo (USA) Yury I. Zuenko (Russia)

Papers are invited on all aspects of physical oceanography and climate in the North Pacific and its marginal seas, except those covered by Topic Sessions sponsored by the Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (POC).

15 PICES-2017

GP - General Poster Session

W1: MONITOR/TCODE Workshop The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating the arctic II: International interdisciplinary collaboration

Co-sponsor: NPRB

Co-Convenors: Matthew Baker (USA) Lisa Eisner (USA) Kirill Kivva (Russia)

Invited Speaker: Maria Pisareva (Polar Oceanography Group, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (IO) RAS, Russia)

The northern Bering Sea is at the confluence of the North Pacific and Arctic Ocean. Physical processes in the northern Bering Sea link currents, productivity regimes, and species distributions and interactions ranging from North Pacific ecosystems to the Arctic. The processes in this region influence the state and ecosystem structure in the southern Chukchi Sea ecosystem as well as the functioning of other Arctic regions. While the Pacific Arctic Region has received great attention during the past few years, scientific efforts in the Northern Bering – Southern Chukchi Sea region are mostly conducted at the national level. International collaboration and data integration remain limited. This workshop is proposed as the second of two consecutive workshops to bring together researchers representing different scientific programs to synthesize knowledge, share data, and discuss further opportunities for cooperation at the international level. The workshop will build on themes addressed in a workshop held at PICES-2016. The format will include invited talks followed by discussion in the morning on the following themes: (1) the physical environment and chemical fluxes, (2) plankton distribution and dynamics, (3) fish populations and dynamics, and (4) recent modeling efforts in the region. In the afternoon, participants will work through facilitated sessions to: (1) consolidate existing and identified data, (2) strategize opportunities for further data integration and coordinated analysis, (3) identify new data streams, new participants, and new research efforts to include, and (4) determine opportunities for long-term data sharing in the region. Participants will be asked to submit applicable Ecological Time Series Observations (ETSOs) and identify available data and metadata on new data streams, including satellite observations, glider and mooring data, oceanographic cruise data, bottom, midwater, and surface trawl data, acoustic surveys, and bathymetric and multibeam data. Workshop products This workshop aims to increase collaboration and build linkages and synergies among scientists and researchers on both sides of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas as well as among a diverse suite of national and international research efforts operating in this region. Data will be integrated with efforts relevant to the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report. Results will be summarized in a report in PICES Press semi-annual newsletter and, where appropriate, be made available to ongoing research efforts in the region. In addition to support from PICES, we will ask for support from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB), and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). The proposed topics of the workshop are relevant to several PICES committees and expert groups including MONITOR, POC, BIO, FIS, TCODE, and S-CCME.

16 PICES-2017

W2: HD Workshop Coastal ecosystem services in the North Pacific and analytical tools/methodologies for their assessment

Co-Convenors: Shang Chen (China) Mitsutaku Makino (Japan) Daniel K. Lew (USA) Minling Pan (USA) Sebastian Villasante (Spain)

Coastal ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from the coastal ecosystem. These services include seafood, regulation of climate, reduction of storm impacts, waste assimilation, recreation and leisure, and biodiversity maintenance. The identification, quantification, and valuation of ecosystem services and understanding the impacts of human activities and climate change on ecosystem services are key scientific questions. The ecosystem services- based approach to marine ecosystem management is a new approach meant, in part, to enhance human well-being. The goals of this workshop are: (1) to present research that enhances understanding of the interactions between human activities and ecosystem services; (2) to provide a venue for natural scientists and social scientists to exchange results from research on identification, assessment, management and investment of ecosystem services, and (3) to provide Study Group on Marine Ecosystem Services (SG-MES) members and scientists around the North Pacific an opportunity to discuss collaboration on scientific projects within the North Pacific Ocean. We believe this workshop will contribute to a greater understanding of the status of human dimensions of the North Pacific ecosystem and fill some gaps to achieve the objectives outlined by the FUTURE integrative program.

W3: FIS Workshop Linking oceanographic conditions to the distribution and productivity of highly migratory species and incorporation into fishery stock assessment models

Co-Convenors: Gerard DiNardo (USA) Carrie Holt (Canada)

Invited Speaker: Yong Chen (School of Marine Sciences, the University of Maine, USA)

This workshop will be convened by the Joint PICES-ISC Working Group on Oceanographic Conditions and the Distribution and Productivity of Highly Migratory Fish, as identified in the Working Group’s Terms of Reference. The distribution and productivity of many pelagic fish populations in the North Pacific are determined by large- scale oceanographic processes and climate variability. One hypothesis is that highly migratory species, such as albacore tuna (Thunnus alalungus) or Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), have environmental thresholds and preferences that drive their distribution and productivity. This workshop will provide an overview of contemporary research on the topic, including the identification of statistical modeling approaches that link spatially explicit environmental data (e.g., satellite derived SST) to distributional fish data (e.g., fishery-dependent and fishery- independent), methods to assess impacts of climate variability on fish productivity, and examine methods that explicitly incorporate environmentally driven dynamics into stock assessments for highly migratory species. Group discussion will help facilitate identification by the Working Group of a suitable methodology to use to develop habitat models of albacore tuna and other highly migratory species, and to provide possible scenarios for future fishery CPUE ‘hot spots’ and advancement of fish stock assessments. We encourage contributions that deal with common difficulties in relating spatially explicit data to fish distributional data (e.g., zero-inflated data, mismatch between spatial or temporal resolution of oceanographic to distributional datasets).

17 PICES-2017

W4: MEQ Workshop Long-term changes in HAB occurrences in PICES nations; the Eastern vs. Western Pacific

Cosponsor: NOWPAP

Co-Convenors: Mark Wells (USA) Polina Kameneva (Russia)

Invited Speakers: Nicholas Bond (University of Washington, USA) Keigo Yamamoto (NOWPAP)

The PICES 2016 Workshop on toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the eastern and western Pacific highlighted the stark differences in economic and social impacts of these HABs, and how these effects have been changing over at least the past decade. For example, toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms have frequent and intense impacts on fisheries and human health in the eastern Pacific, but have not caused any fisheries closures in the western Pacific, despite the widespread presence of toxigenic species in western Pacific waters. Moreover, in some eastern regions these HABs are increasing in frequency, intensity and duration, but it remains unclear whether these changes are linked to climate pressures. There is a strong need to better identify long-term trends in these and other HAB organisms in the context of climate change pressures in PICES nations. This 1 day workshop will be used to assemble, present, and analyze long-term datasets on HAB organism abundance and impacts from each nation, along with existing time series data of associated environmental parameters. Key country leads will present trends, HAB distribution maps, and oceanographic, meteorological, and linked terrestrial data (e.g., precipitation), including the dynamics of change in these parameters (e.g., pulsed runoff events). Participants will study these trends to identify knowledge gaps, unify methods for data analysis, and propose methods for future data collection to strengthen understanding of climate/HAB linkages. These goals align closely with those of GlobalHAB and NOWPAP, and the International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae (ISSHA), all seeking to strengthen data collection, analysis and communication of findings on climate change and HABs. Representatives from GlobalHAB, NOWPAP and ISSHA will participate in the workshop, both to contribute to the workshop outcome, and to reinforce links with other international partners.

W6: BIO Workshop Advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods of measuring zooplankton production

Co-Convenors: Toru Kobari (Japan) Akash Sastri (Canada)

Invited Speaker: Andrew Hirst (School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, U.K.)

Zooplankton communities occupy a central position in the flow of matter and energy from primary producers to animals at higher trophic levels in marine ecosystems. Over the past two decades, the increasing emphasis on quantitative assessments of marine ecosystem function has been focused on improving our understanding of how marine ecosystems respond to global climate change. Zooplankton (secondary) production represents a quantitative proxy for the functional response of marine ecosystems since it corresponds to the zooplankton biomass accrued through consumption of lower food-web levels. Zooplankton production traditionally has been estimated using methods which either: 1) follow the development of zooplankton populations/communities over the course of several weeks or months (cohort approaches); or 2) employ ex situ fixed-period incubations. Incubation-based techniques with simultaneous sampling of natural communities are the most widely used traditional methods in the field. Recent advances in biochemical methods for measuring zooplankton growth and production, such as quantification of RNA/DNA ratios, chitobiase, or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, have been developed and applied to a diverse range of organisms and habitats. This workshop will examine and compare traditional and biochemical approaches to estimating zooplankton secondary production.

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Keynote: September 28, 10:30 Eco-geographic units across environmentally diverse species’ ranges as useful surrogates of the species’ management units: Salmonid fishes of the North Pacific as an example Lev Zhivotovsky Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Russia Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IOGen RAS), Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

The concept of a ‘management unit’ is central to the fields of conservation biology and population ecology. Large populations or groups of related populations of a given species are commonly defined as such units. However, it often is problematic to determine the boundaries between populations as they include the adaptive variation at morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits that provide adaptation to specific habitat conditions, as well as the reproductive barriers that prevent gene flows between the units. Genetic markers have been suggested to be a good tool for discriminating of population units followed by correlation analyses of the genetic parameters (genetic distances, effective population sizes, estimated migration patterns, etc.) and environmental variables. However, population boundaries can be considerably shifted following the climate changes, ecological transformations and anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems. If so, genetic parameters may not distinguish fast population/environmental changes as the genetic parameters are slowly evolving. We suggest a two-step approach for defining a ‘proxy’ of management units based on a combined useof environmental, geographic, and genetic data that are estimated from multiple population samples chosen across the species’ range. First, the set of samples is subdivided into ‘eco-geographic units’ (EGUs) according to the environmental gradients, types of life strategies, and other ecological characteristics that presumably associate with population adaptations and inter-population reproductive isolation. Second, the selected EGUs are tested for their congruence with genetic data by comparing the genetic differentiation and other genetic estimates of population samples within EGUs to that between different EGUs. The EGU-approach places the environmental/ecological variables at the first line in searching a template for management units and, after that, uses the genetic data to confirm and correct the proxy. This seems to be natural as the genetic structure of populations evolves following the changes in surrounding environmental conditions. This approach calls for wider and deeper studies in population biology and ecology of marine organisms. Some of the issues discussed are: the relationship of the EGU concept with the concepts of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and other approaches, designing of EGUs in practice, the level of EGUs in a hierarchical population structure; the weights of genetic and phenotypic markers in estimating population differentiation, and others. References Zhivotovsky et al. 2015. Conservation Genetics 16:431-441 Zhivotovsky. 2016. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 42:373–382 (transl. from Russian).

Plenary Sessions Abstracts

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September 26, 9:00 (S3-Plenary) Towards common ecosystem reference points for North Pacific ecosystems Robert Blasiak1,2

1 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden 2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

Sustainable management of marine resources is a particular challenge in the North Pacific, due among other things to high levels of climate variability, diverse ecosystems, and varying assessment methodologies. Identifying a number of common ecosystem reference points that can be applied to ecosystems in the North Pacific could provide a stronger basis for productive communication and cooperation on the management of marine resources. This talk will focus on examples of ecosystem reference points being used by member nations as well as relevant indicators identified by PICES working groups. Existing commonalities and differences will be considered, as well as the general or specific applicability of such indicators to ecosystems in the North Pacific.

September 26, 9:30 (S12-Plenary) From regional to global-scale understanding of tuna food webs Jock W. Young (and the CLIOTOP trophodynamics team) CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Tasmania, Australia E-mail: [email protected]

Most marine food web studies are by necessity regional in nature. They are limited in time and space. Predicting the impacts of major global changes such as ocean warming on marine food webs, particularly of top predators is limited. This is particularly true for the tunas that travel vast differences and through multiple country jurisdictions. It also means that predictive models for one region may not be applicable to another. I present here the development and application of a global data base that aimed to bring data from different regions to examine the impact of ocean warming on marine trophodynamics, in this case three tuna species, yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye (T. obesus) and albacore (T. alalunga) tuna. I present data from both stomach contents and biochemical approaches and discuss their relative advantages. Two hypotheses are presented. First, the likely increase in smaller midtrophic prey with ocean warming and second, the “tropicalization” of diets to less nutritious prey and the potential decrease in productivity.

September 26, 10:00 (S13-Plenary) Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems: Significance for carbon cycling, climate and fisheries Farooq Azam La Jolla, California, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

Microbial interactions within the ocean carbon cycle are a major uncertainty in predicting the future ocean biogeochemical state and climate. Microbes’ metabolic actions profoundly influence, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the behavior of the fixed carbon—affecting carbon sequestration, energy flow to the fisheries and ocean-atmosphere exchange of CO2. These microbial interactions occur at the nanometer (molecular) to millimeter spatial scales of the conceptualized organic matter continuum of the ocean. I will discuss progress and challenges in understanding the mechanistic bases of these interactions and how they are providing novel insights and hypotheses on the ocean’s biogeochemical dynamics and molecular connectivity. A biochemical view of the ocean biogeochemical state and dynamics should help better predict marine ecosystems’ response to climate change with implications for carbon export and sequestration, ecosystem services, and broadly for global habitability.

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September 28, 9:00 (S2-Plenary) Contamination and effects of plastic debris in the marine environment Chelsea M. Rochman University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Discarded plastics are now globally ubiquitous across freshwater and marine habitats. Much of this material is smaller than 5 mm in size, and is referred to as microplastics. As a consequence of widespread contamination, microplastics have been reported in a great diversity of marine habitats and animals. Plastic pollution, big and small, is made up of a diversity of polymers and are associated with a cocktail of chemicals, including those that are added during manufacturing (i.e. BPA, PBDEs, phthalates, lead) and that sorb to the material from ambient seawater (e.g., DDT, PCBs, PAHs, copper). It is now understood that plastics and their associated chemicals can have adverse impacts at several levels of biological organization – from sub-organismal to population and assemblage. As such, there is concern regarding whether and how plastic pollution poses a threat to the marine environment, wildlife and humans. Using recent insights from my own work and the work of others, this presentation will review the contamination of plastic debris in marine ecosystems, the impacts of plastic debris and associated chemicals on animals and potential impacts to human health.

September 28, 9:30 (S5 Plenary) Managing highly modified marine ecosystems Cody Szuwalski University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

Interest in implementing or reforming management for exploited marine ecosystems around the world is high, particularly in countries where management is minimal or non-existent. Fisheries in many of these countries have histories of intense fishing pressure, markets for a wide range of species and sizes, and large communities that are often reliant on ocean resources for their livelihoods. In such cases, conflicting goals for management exist (e.g. high yields, job preservation, conservation) for which trade-offs must be considered and it is not immediately clear that replicating ‘Western style’ management (e.g. single species management focused on producing maximum sustainable yield) will satisfy the needs of the communities in these countries. I will discuss a case study in the East China Sea that compares single species management to the status quo—an intense, indiscriminate fishery. We found that implementing single species management could halve the catches produced from the East China Sea as a result of reversing trophic cascades that have occurred via indiscriminate, highly intense fishing practices. I will further discuss the relationship between aquaculture, stock enhancement, and artificial reef building and fishery yields in China and end with thoughts on the future of management in highly modified marine ecosystems.

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September 28, 10:00 (S11 Plenary) Environmental impacts on zooplankton and pollock fishery in the northern Bering Sea Yury Zuenko and Eugene Basyuk Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Seasonal and interannual patterns of the water structure, circulation, temperature, salinity, the zooplankton abundance and species composition are considered for the main fishing grounds of walleye pollock in the northern Bering Sea – Cape Navarin area. The Lawrence Cold Pool (LCP) influences on oceanographic conditions in this area by its western periphery. If LCP is small (after relatively warm winters), the Navarin area is subjected in summer to water advection from the south (Navarin Current) that carries to the shelf relatively warm and saline water inhabited by deep-water zooplankton, including euphausiids, but abundance of local cold-water copepods is low. On the contrary, LCP is wide-spread after severe winters and limits the advection to the Navarin area and the subsurface water warming there, as well as the transport of euphausiids, though these conditions are favorable for reproduction and growth of both local and deep-water zooplankton. Good feeding conditions for pollock are formed in the Navarin area in summer in both cases – that’s a reason of its migration into the Russian EEZ in June-July, accessible for large-scale Russian fishery. However, period of its active feeding by copepods is rather short because of their migration into deep layers for spawning in late summer. Therefore, backward southeastern migration of pollock begins very early (in August-September) if allochtonous euphasiids are absent in the area. In case of the euphasiids northward transfer, they reach the Navarin area in late summer and continue good feeding conditions, therefore the pollock stay there until November-December. There still are no evidences of drastic climate-scale changes in feeding conditions and pollock fishery in the northern Bering Sea but higher frequency of “too warm” years with lowered reproduction of euphausiids and their effective northward transport is expected in the case of continue warming.

24 Oral Presentations Abstracts

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S1: Science Board Symposium Environmental changes in the North Pacific and impacts on biological resources and ecosystem services September 25

11:15 (S1-12262) Invited Measuring density dependence, portfolio effects, and climate-drivers in the North Pacific using spatio-temporal models and causal statistics James T. Thorson Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Modern statistical models can predict population density for multiple species and/or stages across space and time, allowing comparative analyses of ecosystem function across marine ecosystems worldwide. However, environmental management requires predicting outcomes under hypothetical human interventions, and these predictions require understanding not just correlations (e.g., historical associations between climate and fishes) but also causation (e.g., impacts from changing fishing pressure under new climate conditions). Here, I use three examples to illustrate the potential benefits of comparative spatio-temporal analysis of marine communities. First, I summarize a worldwide meta-analysis of the “basin model of marine biogeography”, showing that fishes in the North Pacific show stronger range expansion on average during population increases than fishes in other well- sampled regions. Next, I compare changes over time in portfolio effects (PE) across space and species for multiple marine ecosystems, highlighting that the Eastern Bering Sea shows decreasing PE during the past decade. Finally, I introduce a probabilistic framework for forecasting fish distribution shifts, and demonstrate it by attributing historical shifts for Alaska pollock to temperature, size-structure, and otherwise-unexplained drivers. I conclude by advocating future avenues for comparative spatio-temporal research, including (1) addressing the sensitivity of spatial distribution forecasts to assumed causal mechanisms, and (2) discriminating among alternative ecosystem forecasts using formal techniques including retrospective bias and predictive variance.

11:45 (S1-12288) Invited Nutrient fields reveal identity of ecosystems: A case study from the Bering Sea Kirill Kivva Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Ecosystems of the upper ocean layer largely rely on availability of dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN). Physical processes that drive water mixing and transport, partly determine spatiotemporal characteristics of nutrient distribution. In addition, autotrophic organisms consume DIN and produce primary organic matter, while heterotrophs simultaneously remineralize it into DIN. Thus, variability of dissolved nutrients reflects many physical and biological processes and may be treated as a signature of an ecosystem. The Bering Sea consists of numerous ecosystems, which are commercially valuable and important for the North Pacific and Arctic. Many oceanographic surveys have been conducted in the area and have resulted in the collection of substantial natural science data, particularly, on nutrient distribution. Present work aims at elucidating seasonal and multiyear variability from observations on DIN distribution. Results reveal mean ecosystem characteristics including relative abundance of diatoms, phytoplankton limitation patterns, and export of organic matter. Some portions of the eastern and northern shelf of the Bering Sea were sampled at similar dates in 10-14 different years. This allows interannual comparison of physical and biological conditions. While the findings do not completely describe these ecosystems, they serve as useful and simple way to represent time series of several important ecosystem characteristics. The study is supported by RFBR, research project No. 16-35-00388 мол_а.

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12:15 (S1-12246) Future projected impacts of ocean warming to potential squid habitat in the North Pacific Irene D. Alabia1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1, Hiromichi Igarashi2, Yoichi Ishikawa2, Norihisa Usui3, Masafumi Kamachi2, Toshiyuki Awaji4 and Masaki Seito5

1 Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Japan Agency for Marine Earth-Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 3 Oceanographic Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan 4 Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan 5 Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Aomori, Japan

Climate-driven changes in the marine ecosystem largely influence the distribution, abundance and the consequent availability of marine resources to the fishery. In this study, we examined the potential habitat distributions of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) under the projected impacts of ocean warming. We used the sea surface temperature (SST) projections from the three CMIP5 climate scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) representing low to high future emissions. Based on the squid habitat models, SST showed the highest effect on the present potential squid habitat distribution that accounted for at least 60% of the predicted spatial patterns from May to July 2000-2010. Moreover, the projected future potential squid habitats showed pronounced differences in spatial and temporal patterns relative to the present habitat distributions across the different regions of the western and central North Pacific. The future squid habitat predictions revealed a net reduction in the suitable squid habitat coupled with a corresponding northward shift. Moreover, the magnitude of the predicted habitat changes was proportional to the levels of warming for the representative periods from May to July 2025, 2050 and 2100. These trends could translate to shorter squid fishing periods and offshore shifts of squid fishing grounds. Thus, insights into the future spatio-temporal patterns of the potential squid habitat could have important implications concerning the availability of squid resources to the fishery and for evaluation of fishery management under climate change.

14:00 (S1-12167) Invited Towards socially and ecologically adaptive fisheries resource governance: A case of spiny lobster fishery in Shima Peninsula, Japan Kanae Tokunaga The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

In Japan, spatial rights for coastal fisheries are assigned to fisheries cooperative associations (FCA). This can be characterized as a combination of territorial use rights fisheries (TURF) and cooperatives. Previous studies pointed out that such a management arrangement facilitate coordination among fishermen. This study examines a management system employed by a spiny lobster fishery in Shima peninsula, Japan, which operates under a TURF managed by the local FCA. Using the landings and effort data along with the qualitative information obtained from the interviews, we examined the degree of coordination among fishermen and how fishermen adapt their behaviors to inter- and intra-annual social and ecological changes. There are three key findings. First, we found that fishermen were more sensitive to changes in stock conditions than the changes in market conditions. Second, seemingly inefficient individual operation is a contributing factor to achieve adaptive governance. In this fishery, the fishermen adopted the management system that switches from an effort and revenue pooling operation to an individual operation in mid-season. The system enables fishermen with different fishing strategies, skill levels, income requirements, and gears that they operate outside of the spiny lobster fishing season to take collective action. Finally, we observe a misfit between the management institution and the ecosystem. Although there are multiple TURFs that harvest the same stock, there is no coordination among these TURFs to manage the stock. Despite this, preliminary findings indicate that the fishermen coordination in the aforementioned fishery may have a positive spill over to the other TURFs.

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14:30 (S1-12114) Durable entitlements and resilience in fishery social ecological systems Keith R. Criddle University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Sustainability of fisheries and fishery dependent communities depends on intrinsic characteristics of ecological and environmental systems that govern the response of fish stocks to environmental forcing and exploitation and intrinsic characteristics of social, economic, and legal systems that determine who may fish and how fishing may occur. Some fisheries and fishery dependent communities have proven resilient to changes in fish abundance and distribution, exvessel prices and input costs, macroeconomic conditions, living costs and employment, and demography. Durable individual entitlements to shares of the allowable catch increase profitability and help fishermen adapt to modest adverse changes in stock abundance, exvessel prices, and input costs but these highly constrained management strategies reduce resilience to non-stationarities and large perturbations. In addition, while durable entitlements increase choice and therefore resilience from the perspective of individuals, they decrease the resilience of some fishery dependent communities.

14:50 (S1-12191) Mechanisms triggering the 1976-77 regime shift in the North Pacific Katerina Giamalaki1, Claudie Beaulieu1, Davide Faranda2, Stephanie A. Henson3 and Adrian P. Martin3

1 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif- sur-Yvette, France 3 National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK

During winter 1976-77 the North Pacific underwent a major regime shift. The event was detected in the physics, such as the sea surface temperature, as well as the biology of the region. The response was prominent in all the trophic levels and subsequently affected the fisheries and the economy of the region. Here we investigate the possible mechanisms that could have triggered and maintained the late 1970’s shift. We test the hypothesis of an extreme sea level pressure event abruptly changing the oceanic conditions in winter 1976-77 and the maintenance of these altered conditions by changes in air-sea interaction processes. A novel approach combining dynamical systems theory and state-of-the-art statistical methods is applied to time-series of the North Pacific, such as sea level pressure and heat exchange datasets. The results present evidence of extreme atmospheric pressure patterns, specifically a persistent Aleutian Low during winter 1976-77, which may have triggered the regime shift. Likewise, sudden changes in the heat exchange were identified in the western part of the North Pacific, particularly in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extention region, which may have helped maintain the shift conditions in the area. These results contribute to a better understanding of the North Pacific ecosystem dynamics that can trigger regime shifts with economical impacts such as in the late 1970’s.

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15:10 (S1-12238) Biological mediated carbon cycling and sequestration in the ocean and climate change, A new dimension and perspective Nianzhi Jiao, Richard B. Rivkin and Louis Legendre Xiamen University, Xiang-An Campus, Xiamen, Fujian, China, PR. E-mail: [email protected]

Carbon sequestration is an important Earth-ecosystem service provided by the oceans. In addition to the well- known Biological Pump (BP), which is based on the vertical transport of organic matter from surface to the deep ocean and seabed, carbon is also sequestered by the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP), which is the biochemically- mediated microbial transformation of labile organic matter into refractory dissolved organic carbon compounds (RDOC) that can remain (i.e. sequestered) in the water column for 100’s to 1000’s of years. The MCP provides a robust approach to an enigma proposed half a century ago, i.e. the formation of a huge pool of dissolved

organic carbon in the deep ocean with an inventory equivalent to the total inventory of atmospheric CO2 and an average estimated residence time of ~5000 years. A working group operating under the Scientific Committee for Oceanic Research (2008-2014) made significant progresses in formulating the MCP theoretical framework and understanding its processes, and this lead to experimental and modeling studies and associated intriguing insights and implications. Given the need of developing better knowledge on the mechanisms of climate change, a joint working group authorized under the North Pacific Ocean Science Organization (PICES) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was created in late 2015 (WG 33 for PICES, and WGCCBOCS for ICES) with the theme of climate change and biologically-driven ocean carbon sequestration. Within the WG, oceanographers, experimental biogeochemists, marine ecologists, and carbon-cycle modelers summarize the existing knowledge on the BP and the MCP, and foster integrated understanding of ocean carbon sequestration processes and their controlling environmental factors as well as their consequences. The presentation will review the activities and findings within the context of the role of ocean carbon processes in global ecosystems and climate

15:50 (S1-12323) Invited Developing indices for early detection of abrupt change in northeast Pacific Ocean ecosystems Mary Hunsicker1, Michael Litzow2, Sean Anderson3, Jin Gao4,5, Chris Harvey4, Sam McClatchie6, Eric Ward4 and Stephani Zador7

1 NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. Email: [email protected] 2 Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA 3 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, Canada 4 NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA 5 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 6 Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA 7 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA,USA

Ecological regime shifts are an important source of uncertainty, affecting our ability to successfully manage fisheries in the northeast Pacific (NEP). While past NEP regime shifts have been associated with sudden change in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, an important prediction of ecological theory is that abrupt shifts are also expected in ecosystems undergoing persistent or incremental external perturbation, including bottom water hypoxia, eutrophication, habitat loss, and fishing pressure. Though such shifts may be rare, the degree to which these events can disrupt commercial fisheries can hardly be overstated. We are using a large set of biological time series from the California Current Ecosystem, Gulf of Alaska, and Eastern Bering Sea to quantify the state of these systems with two empirical metrics, a State Index and an Early Warning Index. The goal of the State Index is to reduce the time required to detect abrupt community-level changes in each system. The goal of the Early Warning Index is to apply generic regime shift indicators to track changes in the relative likelihood of a sudden ecological shift. In addition, we aim to develop reference points based on how the indices have performed in the past to enable scientists and managers to distinguish normal variability from changes signaling a major shift.

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16:20 (S1-12058) Ocean acidification trends in coastal waters in Japan Miho Ishizu1, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Tomohiko Tsunoda and Tsuneo Ono

1 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Long-term pH trends in coastal waters of Japan were examined by using water quality measurements in public waters from 1978 to 2009 at about 1484 stations, archived by the Regional Development Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism under Ministry of the Environment as part of a monitoring program following the Water Pollution Control Law. Long-term pH trends demonstrated a tendency for coastal waters to acidify. The average and standard deviation without significance were estimated at -0.0015 and 0.0075 yr-1, and with significance at -0.0045 and 0.0021 yr-1, respectively. Alkalization trends were, however, also detected in some observatories, unlike the results in the open ocean. No latitudinal and longitudinal patterns existed, even within a prefecture. Distinct trends to acidify evidently have progressed at a faster rate than the waters of the open ocean. It is important to recognize these ocean acidification trends in coastal waters, which provide a warning about changes in the regional marine environment.

16:40 (S1-12078) Ecological impacts of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass variation on the early life history of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Jianchao Li, Rui Wu, Chi Zhang, Yang Liu and Yongjun Tian College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) is an important component of the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea (YS). Characterized by a strong thermocline that covers a large area of the YS at water depth between 10-20m during peak summer, and with ocean temperatures lower than 10°C and sea surface temperatures differences larger than 15°C, the YSCWM becomes an appropriate habitat for cold-water species such as Pacific cod. Using seasonal fishery surveys in the Yellow Sea during 2016-2017, seabed-mounted ADCP observation during 2012-2013 and supplementary seasonal hydrological research cruises in YS, we diagnose the patterns of seasonal hydrodynamic variability of the YSCWM and examine its impacts on juvenile Pacific cod. Daily increment and micro-chemistry analysis on otolith of juvenile Pacific cod were carried out, and the results indicate that the early life history of Pacific cod is linked to the hydrological and hydrodynamic variability of the YSCWM. Different oceanographic factors exert specific ecological controls on the Pacific cod. Thermocline dynamics concentrates phytoplankton and fine-sized suspended particle matters. Near-inertial oscillation accelerates the mixing in regions of water stratification to provide adequate DO and nutrient. Monthly spring tides are related to an acceleration of body growth during the summer slow increment period within the YSCWM. The difference in the growth of the juvenile Pacific cod between two years are also discussed in the context of the impact of the “Super El Nino” in 2015/2016, to reveal the ecological impact of extraordinary climate events on the early life history of Pacific cod in theYS.

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17:00 (S1-12135) (replaced with the edited version July 27) The influence of atmospheric condition on fishing grounds of walleye pollock in the East/ Japan Sea Hae Kun Jung, Soon Man Kwon, Kang So Seol and Chung Il Lee Gangneung-Wonju National University, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

The oceanic and atmospheric conditions around East/Japan Sea (EJS) are affected by both continental and oceanic air mass simultaneously. Specifically, the Siberia High (SH) and Aleutian Low (AL) pressure systems are the two main centers of action affecting the atmospheric condition in Northwest Pacific. However, around the EJS, long term changes in wind speed and air temperatures are related to the pressure gradient between Siberian and Kuroshio region. Fluctuations in this pressure gradient have been related with SH and Arctic Oscillation (AO). However, the main factor to control the change in pressure gradient seems to be a latitudinal shift of AL. As a result, during the same phase of AO periods, fluctuations in the pressure gradient have indicated different patterns due to latitudinal shift of AL. This relationship between AO and AL is related with atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the western coast of EJS. During warm period with weak pressure gradient, surface temperature increase and the frontal boundary between warm and cold waters moves northward with strong wind and high air temperature. In addition, the effect of low salinity water mass in intermediate layer depth originates in North Korea Cold Current is weaker than normal. As a result, walleye Pollock spawning and nursery ground condition have a negative effect for the early life history of walleye Pollock.

17:20 (S1-12124) Transport of the Fukushima radioactivity plume to the Eastern North Pacific: Impacts on biological resources John N. Smith1, Jay Cullen2 and Jean F. Mercier3

1 Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 3 Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

The large discharge of radioactivity into the Pacific Ocean off Japan from the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactor accident generated considerable concern about potential impacts on marine biota in the eastern North Pacific. Time series measurements of 134Cs and 137Cs in seawater on Line P documented the initial arrival of the Fukushima signal by ocean current transport at a location 1500 km west of British Columbia, Canada in June, 2012, about 1.3 years after the accident. Between 2012 and 2015 the Fukushima radioactivity signal continued to increase in surface water on Line P and eventually began to level off at probable maximum values in 2016-2017 as documented by biannual monitoring surveys. Although radioactivity contamination of fish off Fukushima was initially severe, analyses of biological samples performed under the auspices of the InFORM monitoring program off British Columbia have revealed little evidence of elevated radioactivity levels in fish or other biota. These results, based on both measurements and biological modeling studies are a consequence of the low Fukushima radionuclide levels in seawater and the low biological half-lives of several months for Cs in fish. Although the ecosystem impacts off British Columbia associated with radioactivity releases from Fukushima have been minimal, the communication of these results to the public and general community acceptance of their veracity has been a challenge requiring many public lectures, scientific publications and considerable media outreach, thereby providing a cautionary note for studies of future ecosystem threats associated with grim anthropogenic drivers.

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17:40 (S1-12065) Atmospheric transboundary transport of pollutants in East Asia V.F. Mishukov, A.S. Neroda and V.A. Goraychev V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Atmospheric aerosols were collected in the Vladivostok Russia and in the Sea of Japan. Atmospheric aerosol samples in the Vladivostok and the Sea of Japan were taken using Japanese made sampler (Kimoto Company, Japan) by procedure approved in the international program SEAREX. Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and macro (Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn) and trace (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Co, Cu, Cr) chemical elements were determined by standard procedure. In 2006-07 Zn, Cd & Pb from pollution sources well correlated with PAHs in Vladivostok. In background taiga-mounting station this correlation was observed only for Cd. In 2013-14 well correlation was observed between PAHs and Zn, Pb & Ni. Radionuclide (Cs-137, Cs -134 and I-131) were measured by gamma-spectrometer with a detector of High Purity Germanium GEM150 with digital multichannel analyzer DSPEC jr 2.0 (ORTEC, USA). After Fukushima accident we observed in atmospheric aerosols: 1. Vladivostok - Maximal values of Cs-137 and Cs -134 concentrations (166 µBq/m3 and 169 µBq/m3 respectively) were reached in samples taken from 8 to 15 April and radioactive cloud came to Vladivostok from the regions of Siberia and North-Eastern part of China. 2. Maximal gamma-ray activity of Cs-137, Cs -134 and I-131 over the Sea of Japan surface was 61 µBq/m3, 153.7 µBq/m3 and 787 µBq/m3 respectively. The research was carried out in the framework of the project “The Computation of the Fields of Currents, Transport, and Transformation of Pollutants and Environmental Hazards in the Russian Far East” following the program of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences No. 43 “Fundamental Problems of Mathematical Modeling.”

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S2 MEQ Topic Session Microplastics in marine environments: Fate and effects September 28

11:00 (S2-12154) Invited Microplastic in the marine environments, China Daoji Li1, Shiye Zhao1, Juying Wang2, Huahong Shi1 and Guyu Peng1

1 East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, SOA, Dalian, PR China

China has investigated on microplastic pollution in various marine environmental compartments, and accumulated important baseline data. The results show that microplastic has been widespread in China’s coastal waters: 1) the mean abundance of microplastic in the surface waters of Bohai, East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) monitoring sections is 0.29 n/m3, far below the value of Changjiang estuary (4137.3 n/m3). The concentration of microplastic in sediments of the Changjiang estuary is in the range of 20 - 340 n/kg. The concentrations of coastal and tidal beaches were highest in the southern coasts of China, with an average abundance of 6675 n/m2. 2) Microplastic shapes are diverse, where fiber predominates, and includes fragments, particles, films and other types. However, plastic microspheres in personal care products reported in previous research have rarely been detected. Meanwhile, it was found mussels generally ingested microplastic, with wild specimen (2.7 n/g) feeding rates higher than those of farmed specimen (1.6 n/g). The occurrence rate of microplastic in 21 species of marine fishes is 100%, and the ingested microplastic range between 0.2 and 17.2 n/g. Five species of zooplankton in the SCS also fed microplastic. The ingestion abundance of zooplankton collected by 160 μm net was 131.5 n/m3. 3) The concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs adsorbed by beach plastics were 136.3 - 2384.2 ng/g, 21.5 - 323.2 ng/g and 1.2 - 127 ng/g, respectively. With the support of China’s national key R & D plan for microplastics, the state of marine microplastic contamination in China will soon be clearer.

11:30 (S2-12050) Invited Microplastics in Arctic surface water and sea ice: 2016 ARAON Expedition Hee-Jee Lee and Seung-Kyu Kim Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

The Arctic is one of the pristine environments on earth but is already affected by floating microplastics (MPs) according to previous studies (38-234 pieces/m3 in sea ice and 0.34 pieces/m3 in the Atlantic arctic polar water). However, there is still unclear in transport pathway of MPs to arctic environment. We investigated MP in the Pacific ocean-side polar region covering Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea, expedited by Korean research ice breaker R/V ARAON in 2016. MPs in 12 surface water samples, collected by manta-trawl net, ranged from 0.13 to 1.66 pieces/ m3 (0.66±0.50) with a decreasing trend from the Bering Strait to the pole. The most abundant synthetic polymer identified was paint particles (47%) and polyester (46%), followed by PE (1.1%), PP (1.0%), and others, reflecting increasing shipping activity in this region. Fiber-type polyester was predominant (93.4%) when excluding paint particles and its abundance decreased with going to the pole. Sea ice samples (n=7) collected at the farthest north contained MPs of 12,900±9,500 pieces/m3, indicating the strong trap of MPs into sea ice. Differently from surface seawater, polyester (90%) was the most abundant synthetic polymer. Cotton, one of natural polymers, accounted for 12.3±16.2% (in surface water) and 49.2±46.2% (in sea ice) of fibers found but was not included into the presented MPs. Abundance of MPs found in this study was much higher than those in previous arctic surface water or sea ice. These findings indicate the potentially much more input of MPs to the arctic environment in recent years, particularly via the Bering Strait.

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12:00 (S2-12027) Global distribution of microplastics: An overview Won Joon Shim1,2, Sang Hee Hong1,2 and Soeun Eo1,2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, R Korea

Spatial distribution of microplastic abundance with compositional data of size, shape and polymer type in various environmental matrices is key element for exposure analysis in risk assessment scheme. Reflecting world-wide use of plastics and transportation of plastic litter through ocean current, microplastics are ubiquitous from coastal to open ocean, from tropical and polar seas and from surface water to deep sea floor. Abundance of microplastics in water (n=73) and sediment (n=57) of marine environments reported in the literature was reviewed and available data were synthesized to overview global distribution of microplatics. The abundances of microplastics were sampling method dependent with seven orders of magnitude range and demonstrated significant negative relationship with net mesh size regardless of sampling regions and time. The mean floating microplastic abundance (net mesh 300-350 mm) per basin was in order of Mediterranean > North Pacific > South Atlantic > North Atlantic > South Pacific. The mean abundance of microplastics on beach in Asia was significantly higher than those reported in America and Europe. Nearshore and surface water tended to showed higher abundance than offshore and water column, respectively. Either fragment or fiber type microplastic was dominant in sea surface, but more dense fiber type was dominant in subtidal sediments. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyester types were dominants in both water and sediments. Global distribution model generally well matched with in situ observation data of microplastic abundance in order of basin. There was, however, mis-match in between abundance and size of microplastics in field observation and in laboratory toxicity study.

12:20 (S2-12260) Monitoring and assessment of marine plastics and microplastics – Towards harmonised methods Peter J. Kershaw1, Francois Galgani2 and Alexander Turra3

1 GESAMP, London, UK. E-mail: [email protected] 2 IFREMER, Corsica, France. E-mail: [email protected] 3 University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]

The significance of the impact of marine plastics and microplastics on the marine environment is becoming widely accepted by politicians and policy makers at local, national, regional and global scales. For example, the issue was one of the main themes discussed repeatedly at the June 2017 UN Oceans Conference in New York. The G7 and G20 countries have recently developed Marine Litter Action Plans, which are in addition to Action Plans being developed within the Regional Seas framework. A fundamental requirement of developing and implementing an Action Plan is establishing reliable monitoring and assessment programmes. The information gained helps to focus reduction measures and measure the effectiveness of appropriate measures. Unfortunately, a lack of well- established guidelines and protocols is hampering effects to collect reliable data and share comparable information. This paper will describe progress of the GESAMP Working Group on Marine Plastics and Microplastics in producing a set of harmonized sampling and analysis protocols, with special emphasis on microplastics.

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14:10 (S2-12075) Vertical distribution and composition of microplastics in Korean coastal waters Young Kyoung Song1,2, Soeun Eo1,2, Gi Myung Han1, Sang Hee Hong1,2 and Won Joon Shim1,2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, R Korea

Vertical distribution and composition of microplastics were determined in six enclosed bays and two coastal areas of Korea in July and August, 2016. Collected seawater of 100 L from surface using stainless tray and middle and bottom using pump, was filtered through 20 μm size mesh hand-net. Volume-reduced samples were filtered through a 5 μm filter paper and plastic like particles on the filter papers were identified with a μFT-IR microscope. The abundance of microplastics from six regions of surface (n=31), middle (n=31) and bottom (n=31) was in the range of 460-5,480, 10-1,060 and 30-2,200 particle/m3 for plastics. The mean abundance of plastics from surface waters (1,795±1,276 particle/m3) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in middle and bottom (394±300 and 441±492 particle/m3).. The abundance of plastics was decreased by increasing water depth (p < 0.05), but this tendency did not show in the stations having thermocline layers. Among the four categories of microplastics (fragment, fiber, sphere, film), fragment type accounted for the highest portion (65.0-89.7%). The dominant polymer types were polypropylene (PP; 59.3%) and polyethylene vinylacetate (EVA; 18.1%) from surface, PP (50%) and PE (21.8%) from middle, and PP (42.1%) and PE (26.5%) from bottom, respectively.

14:30 (S2-12068) River discharge as a source of plastic litter pollution in the Northwest Pacific Russia Nikolai Kozlovskii and Anatolii Kachur Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, NOWPAP POMRAC. E-mail: [email protected]

At present, the marine litter issue including contamination of marine water areas with microplastic is a major environmental concern worldwide. An important task related to solving of the marine litter problem is to identify possible sources of contamination with microplastic litter. It is considered that river discharge is a considerable source of microplastic pollution of the marine areas. Besides studying plastic contamination in the coastal area, in 2016-2017 we also carried out field studies in estuarine areas of the Tumen River and the Razdolnaya River, two large transboundary rivers discharging into the Amur Bay. Qualitative (type/size composition) and quantitative assessment of plastic contaminants is given to compare the data of contamination with coastal area; concentration of microplastics is calculated.

14:50 (S2-12214) Microfiber source characterization in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean Katerina Vassilenko, Mathew Watkins, Anahita Etemadifar, Marie Noel and Peter S. Ross Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]

Microplastics, and in particular microfibers, are documented to be widely distributed in the world’s oceans, but surprisingly little is known about the sources of these particles. We have conducted research on source, transport, fate and effects of microplastics and microfibers in the NE Pacific, including studies of i) microplastics in seawater, ii) ingestion of microplastics by zooplankton, and iii) debris along the British Columbia shoreline. Risks to marine biota are unclear, but our finding of ingestion of microplastic particles by two species of zooplankton atthe bottom of the ocean food web raise troubling concerns about ecosystem-wide impacts. Microfibers accounted for approximately 75% of enumerated microplastic particles, but were higher nearshore than offshore. The specific sources of microfibers are unclear, but shedding of fibers from textiles is thought to be a significant contributor of plastic pollution. We are collaborating with apparel retailers and manufacturers to study synthetic textile shedding and fate in the marine environment. Our efforts involve heavy investment in standardized and validated procedures for identification, classification and quantification of microfibers released during household laundry. The efficiency of washing machine lint traps is being tested as an option to mitigate the release of microfibers into the wastewater stream. We are also evaluating weathering of microplastics as a function of UV, oxygen, seawater and biofouling. Our efforts will help to track ocean microfibers back to their sources and provide essential information to support design solutions. 35 PICES-2017

15:10 (S2-12330) Fate of floating debris released from Korean rivers Seongbong Seo1,2 and Young-Gyu Park1,2

1 Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Integrated Ocean sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

Through a river various types of floating debris are released into the ocean. Using a Lagrangian particle tracking model, trajectories of the marine litters that are originated from five major rivers in Korea, which are the Han, Keum, Youngsan, Seomjin, and Nakdong Rivers, are investigated. Daily ocean current data from a global model of about 1/12 degree horizontal resolution, the Global HYCOM analysis, were used in the particle model. We assumed that the amount of the litters released from each river is linearly proportional to the seasonally varying river outflow, which was obtained from Water management information system of Korea. Particles are released from each river for one year, and then tracking is continued for another six months. Most of the particles beached coast near the river while moving with local currents. Thus the litters from the rivers located along the west coast of Korea (Han, Keum, and Youngsan Rivers) beached on the west coast of Korea primarily, and then Chinese or Japanese coast secondarily. The ones from the river located along the southern coast of Korea are directly influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current and transported to the Japanese coast. Due to the surface circulation system in East Sea a very limited amount of litters beached on Russian coast.

15:50 (S2-12137) Microplastic concentrations in wild and cultured clams and their environment in British Columbia, Canada

1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 1 Garth A. Covernton , Sarah E. Dudas , Christopher M. Pearce , Helen J. Gurney-Smith and John F. Dower 1 University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada 4 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB, Canada

Microplastic contamination is an emerging threat to marine ecosystems. Many aquatic animals – ranging from mammals to invertebrates – have been shown to ingest microplastics. These particles can disrupt digestive and reproductive processes, act as vectors for harmful chemical pollutants, and reduce overall animal health. As relatively non-specific filter feeders, bivalves are susceptible to ingesting and concentrating microplastics from the water column. In southern British Columbia (BC), shellfish aquaculture is an important industry, and Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are the dominant culture species. Shellfish aquaculture often uses plastic infrastructure (anti-predator netting, fencing, rope, cages, trays, floats) that may degrade and release secondary microplastics. We quantified the microplastic content of these two species in southern BC by transplanting an initial population of adult individuals to shellfish farms and nearby non- aquaculture intertidal areas in 6 regions important for shellfish aquaculture and possessing varying degrees of farming intensity. The bivalves were collected after 2-3 months, chemically digested with 10% KOH to remove tissue, filtered, and their microplastic content visually quantified against procedural blanks using a compound microscope. Sediment and water samples were also collected and analyzed for microplastic content. Results suggest that microplastic fibres are the dominant type of microplastic found and are ubiquitous in BC waters, and that shellfish grown on aquaculture sites do not contain significantly more microplastics than those grown at non- aquaculture sites. The number and range of microplastic particles found in BC shellfish are similar to reported microplastic concentrations in bivalves from around the world.

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16:10 (S2-12080) Assessment of microplastic contamination in commercial bivalves from South Korea You Na Cho1,2, Mi Jang1,2, Gi Myung Han1, Won Joon Shim1,2 and Sang Hee Hong1,2*

1 Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, R Korea 2 Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

With the increase of plastic usage worldwide, plastic debris has become ubiquitous in the ocean. As plastic debris is fragmented gradually into small plastics through environmental weathering process, they become available to a wide range of marine species covering from large marine organisms (e.g. mammal, seabird, sea turtle, etc.) to small invertebrates (e.g. bivalves, lugworms, clams, etc.). Among marine species, bivalves are of particular interest because of their substantial filter-feeding activity, resulting direct exposure to microplastics in water column, and its potential risk for human health by seafood consumption. Bivalves are typically eaten whole body without the removal of digestive tract. This study investigated microplastic contamination in commercial bivalves from South Korea. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis), accounting for 66.35% of total shellfish consumption in South Korea, were selected as monitoring species and bought randomly from fishery markets in three major cities (Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju). Microplastic pollution was widespread in commercial bivalves from Korea with detection frequency of 93%. The mean microplastic concentration was 0.07 ± 0.06 particles / g (0.77 ± 0.74 particles / individual) in oyster and 0.12 ± 0.10 particles / g (0.68 ± 0.64 particles / individual) in mussel. Fragment (74%) was dominant type of microplastic, and the most common size class is 100 – 200 μm (48%). The dominant plastic was polystyrene (PS), followed by polyethylene (PE) > polypropylene (PP) > polyester in oysters, and PP > polyester > iPP (PP+PE) in mussels. The high abundance of PS in oysters and mussels might be related to the extensive use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) buoys for shellfish farming in South Korea. The annual dietary exposure for Korean shellfish consumer was estimated to 725 particles / year, and high microplastic dietary intake was found in age groups above 40.

16:30 (S2-12295) Seasonal variability in vulnerability for Cassin’s Auklets exposed to plastic pollution in the Canadian Pacific region Patrick D. O’Hara1, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Jocelyn Wood, Laurie Wilson, Victoria Bowes, Jean-Pierre Desforges, Peter Ross, Sean Boyd and Ken Morgan Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Marine plastic pollution is an emerging global conservation challenge, impacting organisms at all trophic levels. Clarifying interactions between marine birds and plastic pollution is important for understanding and estimating impacts. Exposure to plastic pollution can vary seasonally and timing of exposure to elevated concentrations can interact with critical periods in the annual cycle. For example, plastic consumption may affect bird survival during migration or over the winter when survival is typically more challenging. In this paper we explore seasonal exposure of Cassin’s Auklet (CAAU) to plastic pollution with an exposure model during the breeding season, and infer exposure during the winter based on necropsy results from carcasses collected during a large mortality event in 2014. The exposure model quantifies plastic exposure by determining core foraging areas and plastic concentrations found in those areas. Core foraging areas during the breeding season were determined using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) based on at-sea observation data (May, June, July – 1990-2010) and 50% Home Range Kernels based on radiotelemetry data (May, June 1999-2001). Plastic concentrations within these core areas were interpolated based on samples taken during late summer 2012. We found breeding CAAU were exposed to low concentrations of plastics when they are probably exploiting upwelling features. These results were consistent with results from a study recently published based on chick provisioning. On the other hand, 41% of necropsied CAAU had consumed plastic indicating that they are exposed to increased concentrations when upwelling ceases and/or they are targeting plastic as food during the winter.

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16:50 (S2-12035) Ecological effect of micro-sized plastics: Research trends and research needs Youn-Joo An and Yooeun Chae Konkuk University, Seoul, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Micro-sized plastics and plastic debris are distributed in aquatic ecosystems around the world and have a range of effects on aquatic organisms, including impaired growth, reduced fertility, and higher mortality rates. This study focuses on the effects of micro-sized plastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems. We discuss these studies in depth and suggest directions for future research. We believe that this study makes a significant contribution to the literature because, despite the growing problem of microplastics pollution, the issue has only recently received attention and much remains unknown about the effects of these substances in the environment. This work highlights directions for future study that may suggest ways to ameliorate the environmental effects of microplastics. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and future planning (2016R1A2B3010445).

17:10 (S2-12129) Assessment of microplastic fibers impacts from the chronic exposure to juvenile sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Jin Soo Choi, Youn-Joo Jung, Yunwi Heo and June-Woo Park Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Plastics are widely used in various sides of human life, and the debris is eventually released into marine environment. Plastics in the environment are degraded by the effects of waves, ultraviolet light, or hydrolysis into micro-sized pieces (microplastics), usually formed in irregular shapes. In addition to these fragments, microfibers spread throughout the environment are found in many seawater, sediments and biota. However, microplastic fibers with the same environmental conditions cannot be purchased, so they are rarely used in laboratory research and their application to existing preparation techniques is limited. In this study, microfibers were fabricated by sectioning polyester of 10 ~ 15 μm in diameter with a size of 100μm using cryotome protocol (Cole et al., 2016). Microplastic fibers were exposed to concentrations of 0.5 μg/L and 5 mg/L (Environmentally realistic, Lenz et al., 2016) for 42 days to investigate the effects of organ distribution, swimming behavior and hormonal changes on juvenile sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Microplastic fibers were accumulated in the digestive system, decreased swimming behaviors (total distance travelled and maximum velocity) of sheepshead minnow, when compared to control. Microplastic fibers generated cellular reactive oxygen species, and steroid hormone levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. This study provides insights into environmentally relevant microplastic fibers will help to improve understanding of their environmental impacts.

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17:30 (S2-12142) Applying precautionary principle to microplastics governance framework: Solutions in the absence of “complete” scientific evidence Lev Neretin Regional Coordinating Unit of the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, the United Nations Environment Programme, Toyama, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Research on the sources, distribution and impacts of microplastics on individual organisms and ecosystem functioning continues to grow exponentially. The UN Environment report (2016) identified several major source categories of microplastics, including fragmentation of larger plastic litter, releases from the use of cosmetics and personal care products, fibres from textiles and clothing, emissions of plastic particle dust from tyre wear, plastic pellet losses, ship maintenance and losses, and routine wear and tear of fishing gear. Similarly to a larger size marine litter, “leakage” of microplastics to the ocean could occur at all stages of the life cycle of the plastics containing products with low efficiency of waste water treatment playing a crucial role downstream. Thus management of microplastics should ideally consider the application of the “6Rs” approach: Reduce – Redesign – Refuse - Re-use – Recycle– Recover applied in the regional and local context. In the absence of conclusive scientific information about the distribution, fate and impacts of microplastic particles to justify well informed policy response at various spatial scales, this presentation argues for the application of precautionary principle to governance of microplastics and identifies “win-win” solutions for both macro- and microplastics policy and management response using examples from multilateral institutions, regional, national and local action by governments, private sector, civil society, and academia. Special focus is given to the countries of the North Pacific region (China, Japan, R. Korea, and the Russian Federation).

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S3 FUTURE Topic Session Below and beyond maximum sustainable yield: Ecosystem reference points September 26

11:00 (S3-12311) Time-varying processes in stock assessment: A bridge to ecosystem-based reference points James T. Thorson Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. Email: [email protected]

Environmental management involves a continued co-evolution of scientific methods, management policies, and decision analysis linking the two. This link between science and policy has a long history in single-species stock assessment, and stock assessments may therefore provide a bridge between single-species and ecosystem-level management. In this talk, I first review the sensitivity of single-species reference points to ecosystem-changes that affect maturity, mortality, or growth. I then discuss ongoing research to incorporate climate impacts into single- species assessments by estimating biological rates that vary over time. In particular, I emphasize recent research using information from multiple species to estimate indices representing changing recruitment and growth rates for demersal fishes in the Northeast Pacific. These indices can be incorporated into Stock Synthesis to account for ecosystem-level patterns in productivity, although recent research suggests the need to incorporate multiple time- varying processes simultaneously. Finally, I discuss changes in assessment review and practice that are likely needed to periodically update and review ecosystem-level indices for use in single-species stock assessment. Throughout, I emphasize the ways in which single-species assessments can address changes in ecosystem-level productivity, and therefore serve as a bridge to ecosystem-level reference points.

11:20 (S3-12325) Development of ecosystem indicators to characterize ecosystem responses to multiple mtressors: A summary PICES Working Group 28 R. Ian Perry1, Motomitsu Takahashi2, Jennifer Boldt1 and members of WG28

1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Nagasaki, Japan

Marine ecosystems of the North Pacific, both coastal and offshore, are impacted by multiple pressures, such as increased temperature, harmful algal blooms, invasive species, etc. Multiple pressures can act synergistically to change ecosystem structure, function and dynamics in unexpected ways that differ from single pressure responses. Further, it is expected that pressures will vary by region, and likely over time. Working Group 28 was formed to identify multiple pressures and marine ecosystem responses in the PICES area, and in particular to propose indicators for these pressures and responses. Outcomes of WG 28 include frameworks linking pressures to impacts, identifying multiple pressures on North Pacific marine ecosystems including selected case studies, developing ecosystem indicators for responses to multiple pressures, and recommendations for such indicators and an approach to their application. This presentation provides a summary of these outcomes, with co-authorship from all of the members of WG28.

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11:40 (S3-12079) A study on the estimation of the potential yield in the Korean waters of the East China Sea Jung Hyun Lim1, Hee Joong Kang1, Hyun A Kim2, Young Il Seo2 and Chang Ik Zhang1

1 Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea

In the estimation of the potential yield (PY) in the Korean waters of the East China Sea, two approaches were employed. One approach is the ecosystem dynamics analysis which includes the ecosystem modeling method (EMM), and the other approach, production-based analysis includes the holistic production method (HPM), the population production method (PPM) and the fishery production method (FPM). The EMM used the ecosystem model Ecopath with Ecosim, utilizing catch and a variety of ecological data for each species group categorized by a self-organizing mapping. In this analysis, we assumed that the converged value during the Ecosim simulation setting the fishing mortality (F) as zero is exploitable carrying capacity (ECC) of each group and then PY was estimated using the Gulland’s formula (1971). The HPM utilized time-series catch and fishing effort data (1966- 2014) for all the species combined and employed a surplus production model to estimate PY in the Korean waters of the East China Sea. The PPM used stock assessment results such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for each species group. The FPM utilized time-series catch and fishing effort data for each fishery type. Accordingly, PY of the Korean waters of the East China Sea was estimated to range from 0.9 million mt by the PPM to 1.3 million mt by the FPM. The estimate of PY as 1.0 million mt by the HPM is regarded as the most reasonable one, since the HPM uses relatively fewer assumptions and long time-series data. However, this PY estimate should be considered preliminary. It was recognized that uncertainty, due to the lack of confidence in input data, should be improved. In a planned future study, this will be resolved and is expected to produce a more reliable estimate of PY.

12:00 (S3-12321) Characterizing driver-response relationships and defining ecological thresholds in large marine ecosystems Mary E. Hunsicker1, Jameal F. Samhouri2 and Carrie V. Kappel3

1 NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA USA 3 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, USA

There is growing interest within the science and management community in better anticipating and managing for shifts in marine ecosystems. This is evident in the increasing amount of work dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of ecosystem shifts and identifying ecosystem thresholds. Here, we present an overview, key findings and management relevance of two studies germane to this topic. The first study is a synthesis of existing peer- reviewed literature that provides a quantitative assessment of the prevalence, strength, and shape of nonlinear driver-response relationships in pelagic marine ecosystems. The outcome of this work indicates that it is safer to assume that driver-response relationships are nonlinear than linear and that detectable thresholds can be expected in many single driver-response relationships in pelagic marine ecosystems. The second study builds on this work and other past studies by presenting a framework based on multimodel inference to define ecosystem-based thresholds for human and environmental pressures. To demonstrate how to apply the framework, two decades of data from the California Current ecosystem are explored using gradient forest and generalized additive model analyses, screening for nonlinearities and potential threshold responses of ecosystem states across environmental and human pressures. This research revealed threshold responses of multiple ecosystem states to environmental and human pressures. Moreover, this work provides a new way to interpret changes in the intensities of these pressures in relation to the ecological integrity of the California Current ecosystem.

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S4: MONITOR Topic Session Adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems: How do we best measure, monitor, understand and predict? September 28

11:00 (S4-12030) Invited

The mechanisms influencing the timing, success and failure of spawning in natural populations of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the northwestern Sea of Japan

Peter Zhadan1 and Marina Vaschenko2

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia

During the course of the study of the reproductive cycle of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1863) in wild populations along the coast of the Primorye region of Russia (northwestern Sea of Japan) we found that, despite the seasonal maturation of gonads by 100% of individuals, spawning did not occur for 20– 90% of S. intermedius individuals in some years. We proposed that spawning failure is attributable to the absence of natural signal/signals necessary for induction of sea urchin spawning. To test this hypothesis, we developed a complex methodological approach that included video recording of sea urchin spawning behaviour (at 1-min intervals) in combination with automatic data-logging of environmental variables(tide level, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a and oxygen concentrations) in the habitats of the study animals (at 10-min intervals). The study was conducted in two bays, Kievka Bay (42.830° N, 133.691° E) and Alekseev Bay (42.981°N, 131.730°E), differing by levels of primary production. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between chlorophyll a concentration and the average hourly frequency of S. intermedius spawning events, as assessed through video recording, whereas there were no such correlations for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen or tidal activity. Our studies revealed the following hierarchy of biotic and abiotic factors influencingS. intermedius spawning: (1) increasing the phytoplankton concentration induces spawning in males and (2) both an elevated phytoplankton level and the presence of sperm stimulate spawning in females. Circadian and lunar rhythms are additional factors affecting this process.

11:40 (S4-12028) Elaboration of Ecological Quality Objectives as a step forward in cooperation to protect the marine environment in the Northwest Pacific Vladimir M. Shulkin1, Anatoly N. Kachur1 and Alexander V. Tkalin2

1 Pacific Geographical Institute, FEBRAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia

The Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) is one of the UNEP Regional Seas programs which aims to support sustainable development and management of coastal and marine environments in China, Japan, South Korea and Russia. To reach the “good environmental status” is one of the most general goals of this long-term project. Following the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in Europe, the elaboration of ecological quality objectives (EQOs) with a set of operational criteria and indicators has been proposed as a way to facilitate the achievement of that goal in the NOWPAP region. This presentation will describe the recent NOWPAP activities in this field, including the list of EQOs with the operational criteria and indicators suggested so far. The suitability of the suggested indicators, taking into account the data availability, monitoring systems and existing environmental quality standards in the NOWPAP member states will be discussed. The main difficulty in setting up regional EQOs and associated indicators and targets is a lack of legal framework for the comparison, discussion, and integration of environmental quality data. Other trouble is a difference in the national monitoring systems and in the natural and socio-economic conditions. A possible way forward in elaborating regional EQOs within the NOWPAP sea area might include harmonization of national approaches with establishment of numerical targets for certain indicators. After the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the UN General Assembly, NOWPAP EQO indicators should be also aligned with the SDG indicators. 42 PICES-2017 S4

12:00 (S4-12009) Seasonal dynamics of nutrients in the river water and its influence on productivity of the coastal zone in the Japan/East Sea Anna S. Vazhova Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Rivers are the main source of terrigenous nutrients to the coastal sea and may be responsible for such adverse impacts as red tides or hypoxia and anoxia in the estuarine areas. In order to evaluate the impact of rivers on chemical environments in the coastal zone, monitoring of river water properties along the coast of southern Primorye has been conducted since 2016. Prominent seasonal dynamics of chemical indicators are revealed which generally correspond to seasonal changes of freshwater discharge caused by the monsoon cycle of precipitations. The maximum nutrient contents, except iron, are observed in winter (DIN ~ 2.5 Mmol/L, DIP ~ 0.5 Mmol/L, silicates ~ 115 Mmol/L) and the iron concentration is highest in spring (~ 0.1 mg/L). However, this natural variability is distorted by anthropogenic load in several rivers with the basins in industrial and agricultural areas, including the territories of P.R. China (Suifen/Razdolnaya River): their waters are the richest in nitrogen and phosphorus in summer (DIN ~ 45 Mmol/L, DIP ~ 2.5 Mmol/L) and in dissolved iron in autumn-winter (~ 0.9- 1.3 mg/L). Spatial variability is very similar for all nutrients in any season (correlation coefficients between DIN and Fe concentrations are 0.75- 0.99, between DIP and Fe – 0.83-0.99) and is evidence of a common nature of their growth in the polluted rivers, presumably decomposition of organic wastes. Transferred to the sea, the nutrient elements of terrestrial origin are converted back to organic matter enhancing coastal waters productivity, but the consequences of this impact are principally different for the natural regime with the winter-spring maximum and for the distorted regime with the summer-fall maximum. In the latter case, eutrophication of the estuarine areas develops because of the coincidence of light and nutrient supply for photosynthesis. That’s why red tides are more frequent in the external estuaries of these rivers (though this problem is still inactual for Russian waters) and hypoxia appears at the sea bottom after the summer blooms because of biochemical consumption of oxygen for mineralization of detritus.

12:20 (S4-12031) Seasonal and diurnal distributions of the phytoplankton bloom, organic and suspended matter contents indicators in the Amur Bay and adjacent area (Japan/East Sea) according to satellite data Elena A. Shtraikhert and Sergey P. Zakharkov V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

According to in situ observations of hydrochemical properties in in Amur Bay (AB) and Posyet Bay (PB) during ‘late summer - early autumn’, the researchers of our institute identified cases of near-bottom water hypoxia. Phytoplankton blooms, streams of organic and suspended matter affect the formation of near-bottom hypoxia during conditions of water stratification. The aim of this work is to study the seasonal and diurnal distributions of chlorophyll-a concentration and fluorescence, coefficients of light absorption by detritus and yellow substance and light backscattering by suspended particles of mineral and biological origin in the above-mentioned areas for period of 2013-2014. We then compared these variables to change of the water temperature, the wind and precipitation quantity. We used the 1st and 3rd level data on water color from the MODIS-Aqua and GOCI- COMS satellite sensors. The data are the composited monthly, the instant intra-diurnal data. Data on the Sea Surface Temperature from the MODIS-Aqua sensor were also used. Data were taken from site – http://oceancolor. gsfc.nasa.gov. These data were processed using the SeaDAS software of versions 6.4 and 7.3. Data on wind speed and direction, and quantity of atmospheric precipitation were obtained for hydrometeorological stations “Vladivostok” and “Posiet” via site – http://rp5.ru. Data on precipitation were also taken with TRRM satellite for the areas bounded by coordinates 1) 42.5-43.5° N; 131-132.2° E and 2) 42.2-42.7° N; 130.5-131.2° E. These data were obtained by means of the Giovanni System which is found on site – http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov. Features of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom and organic and suspended matter contents indicators variability in the Amur Bay (AB) and Posyet Bay (PB) were determined and their differences between 2013 and 2014 are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the indicators distributions variability at northern and southern winds with small and large quantities of precipitation. Examples of these distributions are given by area - from the Razdolnaya River confluence in the AB to the Tumannaya River confluence in sea. 43 PICES-2017

14:10 (S4-12051) Coral communities in the North-West Pacific coastal ecosystems: Environmental impacts, future trends and distribution Tatiana N. Dautova National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Far East Federal University, Vlaivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

High levels of biodiversity are considered as an essential requirement for the resilience of ecosystems and is defined as the capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a set of environmental factors. More than 75% of the coral reefs are threatened by human activity ranging from coastal development, marine pollution, sedimentation and eutrophication from inland deforestation and farming. Scleractinian corals are frame-building organisms which play an essential role in both warm and cold Pacific waters. The unfavorable environmental factors (eutrophication, sedimentation, wave action, and El Nino warming) influence coral communities and allow the prosperity of opportunistic Scleractinian corals Porites and Faviidae. Both natural and anthropogenic catastrophes may result in 54% Porites predominance as it was found in the coral communities of western South China Sea during the last two decades in the Gulf of Tonkin and Nha Trang Bay and lead to the shift in the structure of the coral populations. Research on the species richness of Octocorallia is substantial in the frame of the worldwide and local biodiversity/marine ecology problems. Solving the complex problems of the taxonomy, genetic diversity and species-specific ecology is needed to trace the possible ways for soft coral dispersal both in tropical shallow and temperate ecosystems in the North Pacific.

14:30 (S4-12101) Monitoring based research in Ariake Sea, Japan -To solve the environmental and fisheries problems Yuichi Hayami Institute of Lowland and Marine Research, Saga University, Saga, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

The Ariake Sea is a gulf type ROFI or large estuary located in Kyushu island south west Japan. It has a large tidal range up to 6 m during spring tide in the bay head. Because of the shallow topography and large tidal amplitude, there are widespread mud flats which represent about 40% of the total tidal flat area in Japan. Many environmental and fisheries problems have occurred and became a social problem after 2000. These issues include summer hypoxia, decrease of bivalve catch and decrease of macrobenthos. However, it was difficult to understand the causes for the problems since there was little oceanographic research until 2000. Therefore, detailed monitoring systems were constructed including continuous monitoring of hydrography and water quality with monitoring towers and buoys to clarify the causes for the problems. This monitoring data showed that hypoxia was occurring every summer in the bay head and it was frequently varied due to the neap-spring tidal variation and weather. Also, to understand the mechanisms of the decadal-scale changes, historical monthly monitoring data from 1970s were analyzed. The increase of hypoxia and red tide in summer indicates that these problems would be caused by eutrophication. However, the mechanism is different from many other bays such as Chesapeake Bay and Seto Inland Sea, because the terrestrial nutrient load has increased little and there are widespread tidal flats remaining. In this presentation, I will show the importance of the multi-scale monitoring to solve the environmental problems in coastal sea.

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15:10 (S4-12039) Large variability of hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary Feng Zhou, Fei Chai, Daji Huang, Huijie Xue, Jianfang Chen, Peng Xiu, Jiliang Xuan, Jia Li, Dingyong Zeng, Xiaobo Ni and Kui Wang

1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Marine Science, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 3 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China

Hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary, one of the largest in the world, has been observed frequently and with large variability in the recent decade. It is difficult to understand what causes hypoxia to change with limited of field surveys. A coupled model has been used and comprehensively evaluated, which is applicable and reliable for hypoxia studies in the East China Sea. Event-scale reduction of hypoxia occurred during the weakening of stratification in mid-July and mid-September was associated with strong stirring due to tropical storms or strong northerly winds. Change in wind direction shifted the location of hypoxia by altering the spread of Changjiang Diluted Water. Increase in river discharge led to an expansion of hypoxic water under the summer monsoon. Sensitivity experiments suggested that the hypoxia extent was affected by the change in nutrient concentration of the Changjiang as well as that in the Kuroshio. Sensitivity experiments also suggested the importance of sediment oxygen consumption to the size of the hypoxic zone.

15:50 (S4-12029) Seasonal microbial community composition in the Jinhae Bay hypoxic zone, South Korea Jiyoung Lee1,2, Jae-Hyun Lim3, Kesavan Markkandan4, Soyeon Kim1, Junhyung Park4 and Il-Nam Kim1

1 Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea 3 Marine Environment Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea 4 TheragenETEX Bio Institute, TheragenETEX Inc., Suwon, R Korea

Jinhae Bay is one of the most polluted coastal areas in South Korea. Eutrophication problems including hypoxia and red tides are major concerns in this region. Presumably, bacterial community compositions have been substantially affected from these environmental changes as they are mostly passive and dependent on external forcing. However, little is known about the microbial community dynamics in Jinhae Bay. Therefore, we first investigated seasonal bacterial community compositions in the Jinhae Bay hypoxic zone (Latitude: 35°00´N and Longitude: 128°33’E) using pyrosequencing. The physio-chemical properties in the water column were temporally and vertically dynamic. Strong stratification was well developed during early summer to early fall (June to September), resulting in hypoxic bottom waters. Bottom-water oxygen deficiency recovered from late fall (October) due to active vertical mixing. The resulting high quality 5,418,926 reads were clustered into 55,400 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified with the phyla Proteobacteria (43%), Cyanobacteria (18%), Bacteroidetes (16%), Verrucomicrobia (6%), and Actinobacteria (6%). It was found that the bacterial community dynamics varied seasonally among each water column. The bacterial community compositions in surface and middle depth waters remained relatively constant, whereas those in bottom waters differed between seasonal and hydrological dynamics. Furthermore, principle coordinates analysis based on OTU data indicated that bacterial communities in surface depth were more variable than the bottom and middle depths. Our results suggest that the dynamics of physicochemical conditions over the water column are decisive factors in shaping the pattern of bacterial communities in Jinhae Bay.

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16:10 (S4-12077) A modeling study of hypoxia in the bottom layers off the Changjiang Estuary in summer Jingjing Zheng1,2, Guimei Liu1, Shan Gao1 and Hui Wang1

1 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, PR China 2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

The phenomenon of low dissolved oxygen (known as hypoxia) in coastal ocean systems is closely related to a combination of anthropogenic and natural factors. Marine hypoxia occurs in the Yangtze Estuary, China with high frequency and long persistence. It’s known that it is related primarily to organic and nutrient enrichment influenced by river discharges and physical factors, such as water mixing. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was coupled to a biological model to simulate and analyze the ecological system of the East China Sea. By comparing with observational data, the model results can reasonably capture the physical and biochemical dynamics of the Yangtze Estuary. In addition, sensitivity experiments were also used to examine the role of physical forcing (river discharge, wind speed, wind direction) in controlling hypoxia in waters adjacent to the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the wind field and river discharge have significant impact on the hypoxia off the Yangtze Estuary. The seasonal cycle of hypoxia was relatively insensitive to synoptic variability in the river discharge, but integrated hypoxic areas were sensitive to the whole magnitude of river discharge. Increasing the river discharge was shown to increase hypoxic areas, while decreasing the river discharge was tended to decrease hypoxic areas. The variations of wind speed and direction had great impact on the integrated hypoxic areas.

16:30 (S4-12299) Spatialtemporal variation of nutrients and eutrophication in Xiamen Bay Qingsheng Li, Cui Wang, Jinlong Jiang, Keliang Chen and Jinkeng Wang Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Adminsitration, Xiamen, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

According to the data on water quality monitoring in Xiamen Bay in 2010, we explored variability in trends of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and their mutual relations, and discussed the degree of eutrophication in Xiamen Bay. The results showed that the distribution trend of surface COD, DIN and PO4-P is roughly progressively decreasing from the western sea of Xiamen, Maluan Bay and Jiulong River Estuary to outside of the bay. Correlation analysis showed that the main source of COD, DIN and PO4-P in the investigated sea was the input of nutrients from land-based emissions along the coast of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong River. The sources of COD, PO4-P and NH4-N may be the same, which had similar biogeochemical process. While the main source of NO3-N may be Jiulong River input. The variation range of N/P value of Xiamen Bay was 2.26~117.30, and the value of N/P in most areas of Jiulong River Estuary, Southeastern Sea and Dadeng sea area were greater than 16. According to the N/P value, the structure of nutrients was phosphorus-restricted, while the north of western sea area, Tongan Bay and Maluan Bay belonged to nitrogen-restricted sea areas. The range of the eutrophication index of the sea area in Xiamen Bay (E) was 0.013~118.168, while the eutrophication index of Maluan Bay, the north of western sea and the sea near Gaoji Seawall was higher.

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16:50 (S4-12304) Detecting multi-scale temporal dynamics of acoustically estimated zooplankton biomass: A case study of high-resolution ocean observatory system in Saanich Inlet (BC, Canada) Lu Guan1, Akash Sastri2, Chih-hao Hsieh3, John Dower1, Richard Dewey2 and Stephane Gauthier4

1 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 3 Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 4 Intsitute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sydney, BC, Canada Saanich Inlet is an inverse estuary located at the southeastern end of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) with naturally anoxic water at depth through much of the year. Physical conditions in the inlet broadly reflect those along the west coast of Vancouver Island and respond similarly to anomalous conditions such as the warm anomaly of 2014-15 and ENSO events. Zooplanktons in this fjord have been monitored using a 200kHz echosounder (Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler) mounted on cabled observatory system platform (VENUS, Ocean Networks Canada) since 2006. Eleven years (2006-2017) of high-resolution bioacoustics time-series allows for the first detection and analyses of zooplankton dynamics on multiple time scales (weekly, biweekly, monthly and quarterly) using Empirical Dynamic Modeling. The fluctuations in acoustically measured migration zooplankton biomass (mostly Euphausia pacifica) are identified as significantly nonlinear on biweekly, monthly and quarterly scales (θ = 1.5, 1.5 and 1, respectively). The biweekly and monthly scales have also been suggested as appropriate scales for characterizing euphausiid population dynamics and for better short-term forecasting potential in this system. In addition, time- series measurements of environmental indices (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen and Chlorophyll a concentration) collected via multiple observatory systems sensors are used to explore the forces and processes driving euphausiid dynamics at different time scales. Application of nonlinear time series analysis will facilitate a better understanding of how the zooplankton dynamical features in Saanich inlet respond to previous and perhaps future adverse conditions.

17:10 (S4-12222) Winner or loser: Sea cucumber’s future in a changing ocean Xiutang Yuan Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, NMEMC, SOA, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

We are facing a changing ocean: seawater pH is decreasing. In this context, Ocean acidification (OA) caused by

continuously increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels may exert negative consequences on marine organisms and ecosystems. Sea cucumbers are one of the five classes in echinoderms and play an important role in ecosystem functioning (as ecosystem engineer) and the economy (fisheries). In the changing ocean, the fate of the ecologically and economically important holothurians has been of concern. This talk will address the sea cucumber’s possible future from aspects of the early-life stage, adult physiology (acid-base balance, somatic growth, gonad development, metabolism and calcification) and behavior. The aims of this talk are to disclose the potential impacts of OA on carry-over effects, the fisheries and holothurian-dependent ecosystem functioning, and to give some hints of previous mass extinction partly caused by ocean acidification such as the Permo-Triassic event (winner or loser). In addition, future research that focused on sea cucumber’s responses to a changing ocean are also proposed.

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17:30 (S4-P9 moved to oral) The Hakai Institute Oceanography program: An examination of oceanographic properties from the northern Strait of Georgia to the central British Columbia coast Jennifer M. Jackson1 and Brian P.V. Hunt1,2

1 Hakai Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The Hakai Institute Oceanographic Program has been collecting year-round data from British Columbia’s central coast since 2012, from the Discovery Islands since 2014, and from Johnstone Strait since 2015. Together these regions encompass a range of different environments, from glacially-fed mainland fjords, to tidal-mixed inlets and the open continental shelf. Hakai’s oceanography program collects physical (CTD and oxygen sensor), biological (from viruses through forage fish), and chemical (carbonate chemistry and nutrients) data. Here we jointly examine the physical and biological data from the regions outlined above to characterize regions that are broadly representative of key ocean habitats on the British Columbia coast. Data will be examined in the context of large-scale climate events such as the 2014-2016 marine heatwave.

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S5: FIS Topic Session Coastal ecosystem conservation and challenge September 28

14:10 (S5-12242)

Signature of global warming on dynamics of anchovy Engraulis japonicas stock in the Yellow Sea Xiujuan Shan1,2, Xianshi Jin1,2, Yunlong Chen1 and Tao Yang1

1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Email: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China 3 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China

With the increasing effects of climate change and human activities on marine ecosystem, the dynamics of fishery resources are greatly changed. The response of the biological characteristics of marine fishery stocks to environmental changes, as well as the redistribution of the fishery stocks under climate change scenarios, are of great importance and guidance to the rational exploitation of the fishery resources. As the key species in food web of the Yellow Sea, anchovy Engraulis japonicus plays a critical role in fish community, as well as to marine ecosystem. The occurrence frequency of anchovy was less than 40% in 1986, while it was bigger than 60% since 2000. In 2001 and 2006, it peaked at 93% and 82%, respectively. However, the changing trend of RDI was not consistent with occurrence frequency. The RDI was positively correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Yellow Sea in January and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), while it showed the negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Nino 3.4 index. The wintering anchovy stock showed the obvious northward trend, reached as much as to 2.5-2.7oin the next 30 years. The average speed of shift to northward could be 0.09o per year. There were no significant differences among the four climate change scenarios(RCP 2.6,RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). In the sensitivity analysis, the scale constant k was not sensitive to the redistribution of anchovy stock, while theintrinsic rate of population increase r was closely related to its redistribution.

14:30 (S5-12019) Kelp of Laminaria thickets recovery in dependence on abiotic and biotic environments Tatiana Krupnova, Yury Zuenko, Irina Tsypysheva and Vladimir Matveev Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Thickets of kelps degrade recently in many coastal areas, including the Japan Sea, and are replaced by non- commercial weeds, as coralline algae. The lower stock of Laminaria is the reason for reducing its landing, so it is negative for processing industry and employment in coastal villages. Besides, Laminaria is a species-edificator, as a substratum for settling of fish and invertebrates eggs and larvae, shelter for their juveniles, and a food for sea urchins. To solve this problem, the Program of Laminaria stock recovery is applied that has two blocks: investigation of the reasons of its degradation and development of measures for its restoration and preservation: The first block includes the studies in two directions: (1) Oceanographic mechanisms of shortening the period optimal for the early stages of Laminaria development. (2) Possible anthropogenic reasons of negative influence on Laminaria reproduction, as overharvesting, weakening of nutrients supply because of deforestation, et cetera. The second block includes the following measures: (1) Researches in the coastal zone to reveal the areas prospective for restoration of Laminaria thickets; (2) Development of biotechnology for the Laminaria thickets restoration Selection of the Laminaria taxa prospective for artificial reproduction These results are generalized asa Biotechnology for Laminaria Thickets Recovery, that is a complex of recommendations, partially constant (as how to choose the reproductive thalli, how to transport them, how to stimulate them for zoospores production, how to settle them to the sea bottom, etc.) and partially dependent on real environments (as terms of the zoospores release in dependence on meteorological and oceanographic conditions). Implementation of these recommendations 49 allows to get high harvests of the Laminaria and to provide good feeding base for sea urchins. PICES-2017

14:50 (S5-12261) Zooplankton communities in the coastal northeast Pacific Ocean: A comparison of a highly productive region and a light-limited high nutrient, low chlorophyll region Natalie Mahara1, Brian V.P. Hunt2,3 and Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2

1 Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3 Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada

Zooplankton have long been recognized as an important link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. The Discovery Islands (DI) and Johnstone Strait (JS) regions along the northeastern side of Vancouver Island, BC remain vastly understudied biologically. JS has been proposed as a trophic gauntlet where zooplankton limits higher trophic levels due to environmental conditions, highlighting the need for a better understanding of local zooplankton communities. Preliminary data suggest JS is permanently well-mixed with low temperatures, high surface nutrient concentrations, and low chlorophyll biomass throughout the spring and summer months. In the DI, stratified stations have productive surface waters, whereas well-mixed stations have low primary productivity similar to conditions found in JS. This suggests that environmental conditions directly influence primary productivity, however the same link has not been demonstrated in the connection with zooplankton communities. Vertical zooplankton tows were conducted at 9 sites throughout the DI/JS region from mid-April until early-July in 2015 and 2016. Data suggest that zooplankton community composition is >55% dissimilar between JS and DI sites. Cluster Analysis suggests that within the DI, community similarity depends on a combination of seasonality and stratification, with zooplankton composition being >65% dissimilar in some cases. In Johnstone Strait, zooplankton communities before mid-May appear to be approximately 50% dissimilar to those after mid-May. Understanding the drivers behind spatial and temporal changes in zooplankton communities along the BC coast may lead to a better understanding of trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems.

15:10 (S5-12061) Improving estimations of fish species abundance and distribution via accounting for the effects of diel vertical movements Lisha Guan1, Xiujuan Shan1,2 and Xianshi Jin1,2

1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China

Many fish show diel vertical movements (DVM), which is a key factor affecting the catchability of most fisheries- dependent or fisheries-independent surveys. Calibrations of abundance indices from these surveys to maintain a consistent catchability is important for evaluating spatio-temporal variability in fish population abundance. However, such calibrations rarely account for DVM. In this study, a spatio-temporal delta-generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is developed for improving abundance index calibration and density distribution estimation. The model includes the hour of a day as a random effect to quantify the time-variant effects of DVM on catchability. Additionally, the comprehensive effect of habitat variables is modeled via spatial and spatio-temporal correlations. We then fit the model to the fall bottom trawl survey data for small yellow croaker in the Yellow Sea during the period of 2006 - 2010 as a case study. Results show that the spatio-temporal delta-GLMM can successfully reveal the time-variant effects of DVM, which match the ecology of small yellow croaker. Moreover, the model yields more precise estimates of total abundance than the currently advanced geostatistical delta-GLMM which does not consider the time-variant effects of GVM.

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15:50 (S5-P6, moved to Oral, Sept. 28) DNA barcoding and electronic microarray for common fish species in Shandong coastal waters Shufang Liu1,2, Xianru Li1 and Zhimeng Zhuang1

1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China 2 Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

Marin e biodiversity is an important indicator of ecosystem health and the material basis for the development and utilization of marine biological resources. Shandong coastal waters are the main breeding grounds for Bohai and Yellow Sea fisheries resources. These waters provide a wealth of biological resources and a superior fisheries habitat for China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea. However, the Shandong offshore fisheries resources have been trending downward in recent years, and species abundance and diversity have decreased. Therefore, identifying and classifying the fish species in these coastal waters are urgently required to effectively protect and use these resources. In this study, 229 DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 77 common marine fish species in 13 orders, 50 families, and 73 genera from offshore of Shandong were analyzed to test the efficacy of species identification using a DNA barcode microarray. The results showed that interspecific genetic distance was larger than intraspecific distance. All 77 sequences formed species units in a neighbor-joining dendrogram, indicating that DNA barcodes can be used to identify these 77 species. Sixty-four specific probes were screened to identify the corresponding species among the 77 species based on the COI genes and accounted for 83.1%. Thus, the DNA barcode microarray provided technical support and a new way to identify fish species in the coastal waters offshore of Shandong.

16:10 (S5-12268) Potential influence of oceanic environmental change on seaweed bed distribution in Tsushima Islands Mitsuo Yamamoto1, Aigo Takeshige2, Dan Liu3 and Shingo Kimura1

1 The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan 3 National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, Omuta, Japan

Seaweed bed depletion, so-called “barren ground,” is a serious problem in the coastal area of Tsushima Islands, like other parts of Japan. There are many possible reasons for causing barren ground, such as elevating seawater temperature, grazing by herbivorous animals and the lack of iron, nitrogen and phosphate (nutrient salts) in the coastal area. As seaweed bed distribution in the eastern area of Tsushima Islands is different from that in the western area, the influence of an oceanic environmental change in the East China Sea should be evaluated in addition to conditions in the coastal area. In this study, we conducted water quality investigation and comparison of the oceanic environmental change between northeastern and southwestern areas of Tsushima Islands. Water qualities, such as iron, nitrogen and phosphate, were monitored from June 2015 to March 2017. As a result, no clear differences were found for these concentrations between northeast area and southwest area. Meanwhile, we compared seasonal change and long-term trend of seawater temperatures, salinities and current velocities between the northeastern and southwestern area by analyzing re-analysis data from 1993 to 2013 (FRA-JCOPE 2.1). It was found that salinity in summer has decreased in both areas since 1993, but it was more evident in the southern area. In addition, eastward velocity in the southwestern area was strengthened especially in summer. These results indicate that the increase of the Changjiang diluted water may be one of the main reasons for changing the oceanic environment of Tsushima Islands.

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16:30 (S5-12100) Relationship of energy metabolism and juvenile Pacific salmon survival of during adaptation at sea Аnton Klimov, Аleksey Lozovoy and Irina Zhiganova Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk–Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The research was made on the trawl survey data collected in the Okhotsk Sea coastal water in August-September in 2013-2016.In order to figure out the patterns for the energy metabolism and juvenile Pacific salmon survival at sea.Trophic interactions and lipid qualitative and quantitative transformations in juvenile muscle tissue on leaving estuaries and emigration to the offshore were considered. Leaving the estuary, coinciding in case of pink salmon with the beginning of active feeding, has found critical. There is no energy reserved in lipids, but there are risks for a huge part of smolts of energy disbalance (spends prevailing). Having fast energy forage as larval or alevin fish gets very important (even for classic plankton eaters as chum, pink or sockeye) on leaving rivers. The fish component, comparing it to plankton crustaceans, provides less calories, but can be digested and used faster. That should mean more frequent feeding and accelerates synthesis of proteins and growth of bones. Along that the faster linear growth of juvenile fish increases the chance to escape predators. The idea was illustrated by the data of 1984 and 2012, when the number of pink salmon smolts turned 3-4 times less than expected. We also provide analyses how far different the feeding conditions were on the west and east coasts of Kamchatka and whether extension of shelf can play role in feeding and energetic metabolism of juvenile Pacific salmon.

16:50 (S5-12066) Habitat history reconstruction of the Japanese-Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius in the southern Yellow Sea, inferred from otolith chemistry Xindong Pan, Chi Zhang, Zhenjiang Ye, Binduo Xu, Yang Liu and Yongjun Tian Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

Japanese-Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus niphonius, is highly migratory and widely distributed in the northwestern North Pacific. It is commercially important species in China Seas, particularly in the southern Yellow Sea which is one of the most important fishing grounds. In spite of the over-exploitation in the China Seas, S. niphoniu still maintained a high yield over the past decades. This phenomenon cannot be explained without understanding of large-scale movement of S. niphonius and its influence on regional population dynamics and stock structure. This study tried to reconstruct the habitat history of S. niphonius in the southern Yellow Sea using otolith chemistry. S. niphonius of two years age groups during spawning seasons were collected from coastal waters of Jiangsu Province in Yellow Sea, then transverse sections of otoliths were analyzed from its core to the margin by using laser ablation ICPMS. Element:calcium ratios were integrated with microstructural analysis to produce profiles of different life stages for measured elements. The results revealed that only Ba:Ca showed significant difference between life stages. It indicates that variation in Ba:Ca was most informative and S. niphonius seemed to prefer low salinity habitats at the stages of hatching and post-hatching development, while the high salinity habitats seemed to be preferable for the stage of wintering. These results provided further evidence for the common migration trajectory. Furthermore, element differences among life stages of hatching and spawning implied the possibilities that not all S. niphonius have the behavior of natal homing, which can led to complex population connectivities and stock structure.

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S6: POC/FIS Topic Session Interannual variability in marine ecosystems and its coupling with climate projections September 26

11:00 (S6-12169) Invited Interannual variability of oceanographic conditions in the North-West Pacific and Far- Eastern Seas and examples of its effects on fisheries Elena I. Ustinova and Yury D. Sorokin Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The structure and possible mechanisms of interannual variability of oceanographic conditions are considered. Variance of air and water temperature in the Far-Eastern Seas is contributed mainly by high-frequency oscillations (quasi-biennial and ENSO scales), while the major part of the ice cover variance is formed by low-frequency oscillations with a time scale ≥ 10 years. The spectral maximum shifts toward low frequencies in winter in the northern areas, but relatively short cycles prevail in the Subarctic Front zone and in the Tatar Strait. Interannual variability of coastal sea surface temperature (SST) is maximal in summer-autumn. Year-to-year variations are distinguished by low predictability, mostly because of the instability of quasi-biennial oscillations. Interannual variability of seasonal and mesoscale processes affects the migration of small pelagic fish, in particular in the Subarctic Front zone. An obvious example is the influence of the seasonal dynamics of the Kuroshio-Oyashio and the position of the large anticyclonic eddy off Hokkaido on the saury, mackerel and sardine fisheries in summer- fall. Another example of the short-term processes impact with long-term consequences is the extreme winter- spring cooling in the Kuroshio-Oyashio in 1963, which caused a mass mortality of small pelagic juveniles. In a wide sense, all regime shifts are “dramatic” for marine ecosystems because of the abrupt change in environmental conditions.

11:30 (S6-12057) Wind-driven and intrinsic interannual variability in the Kuroshio Extension jet and its eddy activities Masami Nonaka1, Hideharu Sasaki1 and Niklas Schneider2

1 JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 IPRC Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Interannual to decadal variability in the Kuroshio Extension is examined. Previous studies show the interannual intrinsic variability induced by oceanic internal dynamics under atmospheric forcing. In the present study, the intrinsic interannual variability in the western boundary currents under realistic interannually varying atmospheric forcing is investigated for the past 35 years using the five member, eddy-resolving, quasi-global OGCM ensemble with slightly different initial conditions but driven by identical atmospheric states. Substantial spread of interannual variability is shown. Differences among the realizations are of similar magnitude or larger than the wind-driven variability in the western boundary current region. This quantifies the substantial uncertainty at the western boundary due to intrinsic ocean processes. Besides, we have found that interannual variability of eddy activity in the Kuroshio Extension region is partially wind-driven; this signal propagates westward in association with the current velocity anomalies.

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11:50 (S6-12023) On the effect of atmospheric forcing on the upper heat content variability in the Japan/ East Sea from 1948 to 2009 Dmitry V. Stepanov1, Anatoly Gusev2 and Nikolay Diansky2,3

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russian E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the RAS, Moscow, Russia 3 Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia

High-resolution retrospective numerical simulations are used to investigate the upper layer (0-300 m) heat content variations in the Japan/East Sea. Variability of the heat content is weakly driven by the net heat flux fluctuations over the Japan/East Sea (the correlation coefficient is about +0.5). The heat supply and heat loss occur mainly in the northern part of the sea and along its eastern coasts. The increase in heat content in the northern area is caused by a strengthening of the cyclonic circulation while the contribution of the net heat flux is small. This increase has been particularly apparent since the 1990s because of a strengthening cyclonic gyre in the Japan Basin. At the same time, the upper layer heat content has increased in the southern part of the Japan/East Sea, driven by a strengthening of both the net heat flux and intensity of the Tsushima Current nearshore branch. The vertical heat flux in the northern Japan/East Sea changes significantly with depth.

12:10 (S6-12298) Bridging the gap between mechanistic understanding and climate projections: An example based on the Bering Sea Project Anne B. Hollowed1, Alan C. Haynie1, Kristin Holsman1, Kerim Aydin1, Al Hermann2, Wei Cheng2, Jon Reum2 and Amanda Faig3

1 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 3 School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

As the international scientific community strives to provide policy-relevant scientific advice with respect to the implications of climate change on marine ecosystems, the need for mechanistic understanding of physical–biological couplings is critically important. This presentation will illustrate how results from a large interdisciplinary interagency partnership are being used to inform climate change projections for the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem. In 2007, the North Pacific Research Board, the National Science Foundation and the National Marine Fisheries Service partnered to conduct an integrated study of the Bering Sea ecosystem. The results of this multi-million dollar research effort provided several new insights into the processes governing recruitment, growth, and predator–prey interactions. This talk will describe the evidence for these mechanistic linkages and discuss how the mechanisms are formulated to drive the Alaska Climate Integrated Modeling (ACLIM) projections of climate change impacts on the Bering Sea. The structure of the ACLIM project is designed to quantify scenario, parameter, and structural uncertainty through a multi-model projection suite across a range of ecosystem complexity. This talk focuses on parameter uncertainty and model complexity. The paper serves as a starting point for the discussion of how best to quantify and communicate the full range of uncertainty associated with projected impacts of climate change impacts on marine fish and fisheries.

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14:00 (S6-12276) What was the major factor that has caused declines in coccolithophore abundance in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre since 2005? Joo-Eun Yoon1, Il-Nam Kim1, SeungHyun Son2, Alison M. Macdonald3 and Ki-Tae Park4

1 Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), MD, USA 3 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA, USA 4 Division of Polar Climate Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, R Korea

Calcifying marine phytoplankton, such as coccolithophores, are known to be susceptible to ocean acidification

resulting from a substantial increase in upper ocean anthropogenic CO2. In contrast to the canonical perspective, recent studies in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre showed a basin-scale long-term increase in coccolithophore abundance and suggested that increased CO2 had a positive effect on their growth. However, there were, as yet, no such findings for other basins. Here, the long-term trend of coccolithophore abundance in theNorth Pacific Subtropical Gyre is presented based on Hawaii Ocean Time-series monthly data (i.e. temperature, salinity, nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and phytoplankton pigments) obtained in 1988- 2015 at Station ALOHA (22°45’N, 158°00’W). The integrated coccolithophore abundance in the layer from the sea surface to ~160 m depth showed an increasing trend between 1988−2004, followed by a decreasing trend through 2015. Over the entire period from 1988 to 2015, DIC concentrations increased continuously, though earlier the coccolithophore abundance was coupled with DIC. Interestingly, the coccolithophore abundance decreasing in the North Pacific in 2005-2015 contrasts with the increase in the North Atlantic. Environmental factors potentially responsible for a recent decline in coccolithophore abundances in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre are suggested, and mechanisms driving the difference between two basins are discussed.

14:20 (S6-12287) What is driving interannual variability in lower trophic levels near Explorer Seamount (Canada)? Tetjana Ross1, Moira Galbraith1, Tammy Norgard2 and Marie Robert1

1 Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

An ecologically significant area off the west coast of Vancouver Island, which is home to seamounts, hydrothermal vents and at times the bifurcation of the main eastward trans-Pacific currents into the Alaska and California coastal currents, is explored using multi-parameter oceanographic time-series since the mid-1990s. Interannual variability in indicator zooplankton species and chlorophyll is considered and links of these changes with the variability of chemical and physical parameters are determined in an attempt to understand the mechanisms driving these changes. These variations are discussed within the context of fisheries and climate change.

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14:40 (S6-12008) Climate change and trends of phytoplankton abundance in the East China Sea Jinhui Wang1,2, Yutao Qin1,2 and Shouhai Liu1,2

1 East China Sea Branch, SOA, Shanghai, 200137, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Integrated Monitoring and Applied Technology for Marine Harmful Algal Blooms, SOA, Shanghai, 200137, PR China

According to qualitative and quantitative analysis of a phytoplankton data series collected in the East China Sea, Skeletonema costatum and Noctiluca scintillans were the most common species in 1980-1990s, but Gymnodinium catenatum, Gonyaulax polygramma, Chattonella marina, Phaeocystis globosa, and Karenia mikimotoi have appeared here in mass since the 2000s, with the latter two species now forming the spring blooms. These time- series are compared with possible natural and anthropogenic drivers, including climate change, eutrophication processes, ballast water discharge, and the ecosystem succession. Do the changes in phytoplankton relate with global climate change? We have no answer yet, and we do not know how to predict the timing and direction of the next shifts in the phytoplankton community.

15:00 (S6-12241) Interannual variability in the zooplankton community and its relationship with environmental variables in the Bohai Bay, China Lu Yang, Qiulu Wang, Yan Xu and Haiyan Huang National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, PR China . E-mail: [email protected]

Zooplankton community structure and variations are considered on the basis of monitoring data in the Bohai Bay, China from 2004 to 2015. The relationship between the zooplankton and environmental variables is examined. Species number and biodiversity indices of zooplankton show an increasing trend in the Bohai Bay. Among 8 phyla identified, two major groups of Arthropoda and Coelenterata show increasing abundance in recent years. As a result, the zooplankton composition in the Bohai Bay has changed dramatically: the number of large-sized copepods such as Calanus sinicus and Labidocera euchaeta has decreased gradually, while small copepods such as Acartia pacifica and Centropages dorsispinatus as well as gelatinous zooplankton such as Oikopleura dioica and Eirene ceylonensis have expanded. The definite effect of environmental variables, such as changes in temperature, salinity and nutrients concentration on the zooplankton community in the Bohai Bay, is revealed.

15:20 (S6-12139) Influence of the Three Gorges Dam on the East China Sea ecosystem Christina E. Kong1, Sinjae Yoo1,2 and Chanjoo Jang1,2

1 Ocean Science and Technology School, Busan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ahnsan, R Korea

The Three Gorges Dam on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River is the largest hydropower project in the world, implemented in June 2003, and its potential impact on the marine ecosystem since that time is discussed. Long- term trends of primary production, chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL), photosynthetically active radiation, sea surface temperature, and euphotic layer depth in the coastal East China Sea are investigated for the last 17 years (1998-2014) and their correlation with anomalies of the Changjiang River discharge is examined to understand their potential influence on marine productivity. In addition, CHL dynamics before and after 2003 is considered. Large-scale variability of the productivity indices does not show any correlation with the Three Gorges Dam operation, and all indices have no significant trends. Thus, an insignificant influence of the Three Gorges Dam on primary productivity of the East China Sea is concluded.

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16:00 (S6-12141) Seasonal and interannual variability of satellite chlorophyll-a in the Malacca Strait Susanna Nurdjaman and Age Hidayat Departement of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]

Thirteen years of Aqua MODIS ocean color data are used to characterize variability of chlorophyll-a concentration over seasonal to interannual timescales in the Strait of Malacca and to assess the effect of the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) phenomena on productivity of this area. Fluctuations with periods of 6 months, 12 months and 3.5 years dominated in the Chl-a variability that corresponds to Asian Monsoon variations. The average Chl-a concentration was higher in November-February (during the northeast monsoon) and lower in April-June (during the southwest monsoon), with the extremes in January (up to 5 mg/ m3) and June (0.15 mg/m3). During the northeast monsoon, high Chl-a concentration is conditioned by terrestrial nutrients input with river discharge and correlates with heavy rainfall. In general, Chl-a concentration in the northern part of the Strait of Malacca is lower (0.46 mg/m3 on average) than in its southern part (3.3 mg/m3). ENSO and IOD phenomena condition lowered concentrations of chlorophyll in the Malacca Strait.

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Joined S8 / HD-Paper: HD Topic Session Marine ecosystem health and human well-being: A social-ecological systems approach September 26

11:00 (S8-HD-P-12149) PICES-Japan MAFF Project “MarWeB” Mitsutaku Makino1 and Ian Perry

1 Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

The Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) funded a PICES project on Marine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-being (MarWeB) for 2012-2017. The project key questions are (a) How do marine ecosystems support human well-being? and (b) How do human communities support sustainable and productive marine ecosystems? The project focused on three major initiatives: (1) Social-ecological interactions related to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in Indonesia; (2) Social-ecological interactions related to small-scale oyster aquaculture in Guatemala; and (3) Development of the “well-being cube” approach to assessing national well-being related to marine systems.

11:30 (S8-HD-P-11976) Invited Sato-umi concept and sustainable aquaculture implementation in the coastal area of Indonesia Suhendar I Sachoemar1, Mitsutaku Makino2, Mark L. Wells3 Ratu Siti Aliah1, Masahito Hirota4 and Tetsuo Yanagi5

1 Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FREA), Japan, The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) 3 Maine System University, Orono, USA, The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) 4 Fisheries Research Agency (FRA), Yokohama, Japan, The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) 5 International EMECS Center, Japan

Since 2013, PICES (The North Pacific Marine Science Organization) and BPPT (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology) have worked together to implement and promote the Sato-Umi concept in Indonesia by developing demonstration pond experiments and international workshops. The three demonstration pond experiments explored the technical feasibility and practicality integrated multi-tropic aquaculture (IMTA). The first experiment used a large (4000 2m ) pond sectioned to allow four experimental treatment to show that IMTA improves water quality stability, e.g., DIN and DIP, relative to monoculture. In addition, compared to monoculture, IMTA increased total biomass production. The second and third annual experiments, using a smaller (1000 m2) pond, yielded similar results in biomass production with slight differences in resulting water quality (DIN and DIP) stability. Together, these experiments shows that the area, pond condition and completeness of the IMTA components affect performance of water quality stability and biomass production. International workshops and training sessions on SATO-UMI for sustainable aquaculture were conducted in 2013 (Jakarta), 2014 (Karawang, West Java, and Pekalongan, Central Java), 2015 (Jakarta), and 2016 (Bantaeng, South Sulawesi). The workshops were organized to promote harmonious and productive management of coastal and marine resources to improve human well-being.

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12:00 (S8-HD-P-12215) Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in traditional pond aquaculture, Indonesia Suhendar I Sachoemar1, Warih Hardanu2, Mark Wells3, Mitsutaku Makino4, Masahito Hirota4, Ian Perry5, Ratu Siti Aliah1 and Atri Triana Kartikasari2

1 Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Center for Brackishwater Aquaculture, Karawang, Indonesia 3 University of Maine, Orono, USA 4 Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan 5 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Traditional pond shrimp aquaculture in Indonesian communities is distinguished by its comparative simplicity and low intensity approach (~15 vs. >300 shrimp/m2), essential to avoid the otherwise significant expense of pond aeration. Nevertheless, these operations are a major source of eutrophication to coastal waters. The Indonesian government is proposing enormous expansion of pond shrimp aquaculture to enhance coastal economies, heightening the need for nutrient mitigation strategies. We investigated co-culturing the macroalga Gracilaria, an aquaculture product of secondary value, on bamboo rafts within shrimp ponds to reduce nutrient loading without negatively affecting shrimp yield. Rafts were used because earlier tests showed that macroalgae became light- limited in the turbid pond waters. The findings demonstrate that adding Gracilaria does not negatively affect shrimp production, and in some cases may increase shrimp growth. Gracilaria biomass doubled in the first half of the 110-day experiment, enhancing economic recovery from pond operations and contributing to markedly lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients. However, Gracilaria biomass did not further increase over the second half of the experiment, likely because of light limitation caused by greater biomass on the rafts. Disruption of the pond floor sediments by periodic human traffic (to shake the bamboo mats to remove silt) appeared to increase denitrification and P removal, reducing the nutrient loads further. Moreover, local grass contaminants in the control pond seemed particularly effective for the removal of nutrients from pond waters. These project findings highlight new approaches for low cost nutrient remediation to limit traditional pond aquaculture impacts on coastal ecosystems.

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12:20 (S8-HD-P-12213) Invited When the nets leave the waters: A community needs assessment for the lost fishing communities of Pacific coastal Guatemala – Balancing ocean and human health Charles Trick1, Vera L. Trainer2, William Cochlan3 and Julian Herndon4

1 Western University, London, ON, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA 3 San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA 4 Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington-NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA

As part of the PICES-led scientific mission to assess changes in the relationship between coastal communities, the health of community members and their connection with coastal marine resources, we have been working with two Pacific coastal towns in Guatemala. In collaboration with our local colleagues (Leonel Carrillo, Director, Center for the Study of the Sea and Aquaculture (CEMA) and Professor Carolina Marroquin, University of San Carlos), we have engaged in a series of conversations with community members from two geographically isolated villages along the Pacific coast of Guatemala - Las Lisas and Monterrico. Our goal was to identify factors that influence the balance between sustainable human communities and productive marine ecosystems. Specifically, considering the on-going global changes in climate and the real or perceived loss of coastal fisheries and human social and economic conditions, the project objectives are two-fold: 1) to determine how marine ecosystems support human well-being and 2) to identify how human communities support sustainable and productive marine ecosystems. “Sato-umi,” from the Japanese socio-ecological model, which recognizes the well-balanced availability of various ecosystem services, and a community needs assessment (CNA) were considered in the generation of a model of risk assessment. The significance of this work illustrates the considerable risks to the fabric of community structure and helps define the specific concept of “wellness,” when fisheries are lost due to climate shifts or to theintrusionof non-local fishing fleets. The study communities, “poster children” of a vast number of communities faced with diminishing marine resources, are integral to our understanding of the costs of altered marine ecosystems.

14:20 (S8-HD-P-12040) Towards international cooperation in the development of Marine Spatial Plans for the North Pacific: Economic, social, and environmental dimensions Amrtatjuti V. Sereda and Vyacheslav Lobanov V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) represents a viable mechanism for ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean environment and marine resources in the North Pacific. The Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for establishment of MSPs by 2030 to address key targets of SDG14. In this paper, we discuss the potential for and necessity of international cooperation in development of MSPs. In view of actual geographical, geopolitical, economic and environmental conditions, we discuss the strategic value of Russia-Japan-Korea and Russia-USA cooperation in development of the MSPs for the Japan Sea and Bering Sea, respectively. Cohesive nationally owned sustainable development strategies supported by integrated national scientific and economic frameworks should be a base for these MSPs. At the same time, the issue under consideration is associated with domestic public resources and interests, addressing the matters of science, technology, innovation and capacity- building as well as a subsequent development of a unified and balanced social-ecological vision on marine regional management to meet the region’s specific environmental challenges in a globalizing world. In achieving this, an objective scientific activity of academic and research institutions with the support of the UN system, other intergovernmental organizations, international and regional financial institutions, non-governmental and civil society organizations, the private sector, are also critical in order to combine the scientific knowledge on marine regions thus integrating available resource mobilization targets into complex research projects that will be designed to accommodate planning requirements translating sustainable development policies into concrete actions at national and international levels.

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14:40 (S8-HD-P-12155) Development of broadly distributable metrics of ocean conditions using real-time data and marine ‘community-observatories’ along the British Columbia coast S. Kim Juniper, Maia Hoeberechts, Marlene Jeffries, and Akash Sastri Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Providing access to real-time metrics of ocean conditions is an important community-level, capacity-building component of sustainable ocean management. This approach requires both local measurements of ocean conditions and the development of useful, real-time data products. Ocean Networks Canada (oceannetworks.ca) operates a regional-scale cabled observatory in the Salish Sea and off the west coast of Vancouver Island, and a number of community-based, real-time cabled observatories in coastal British Columbia and in the Canadian arctic. The coastal observatories are situated in locations relevant to local community and scientific interests. Ocean Networks Canada currently provides four types of data products relevant to ocean conditions in these communities: 1) community observatory webpages; 2) state of the ocean plots; 3) temperature baseline and anomaly plots; and 4) acoustic (ocean noise) baseline and anomaly plots. We describe these location-specific data products, their current and future use as operational indicators of ocean health and their relevance to the development of broader regional ocean health indices. In addition, we outline the accompanying outreach and ocean literacy learning programs that also contribute to capacity building in these communities.

15:00 (S8-HD-P-12209) An index system for assessment of the performance of construction strategies marine ecological civilization Wei Liu, Shang Chen, Tao Xia and Linhua Hao The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

The term, ecological civilization, coined by the Chinese government, connotes a vision of sustainable development that reflects Chinese values. Construction strategies that adopt an ecological civilization framework: (1) enhance the transition from traditional industries to the environmentally-friendly industries with associated resource- savings, high efficiency utilization of resources, and low-carbon discharges; and (2) improve environmental quality of air, freshwater, seawater and soil through treatment of effluents, ecological restoration, and environmental protections. Since 2015, marine construction projects have been examined by the State Oceanic Administration of China and coastal local governments for consistency with ecological civilization principles. In this paper, we report on the development of an index system for assessing outcomes in terms of ecological civilization and apply the indexes to examine marine construction in coastal provinces and cities. This index system is based on the marine-social-economic complex system to encourage the good governance of coastal and marine affairs. The index system consists of six first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators. The first-level indicators include: (1) Marine economic development, weighted at 10/100; (2) Optimization of spatial pattern of sea area use, weighted at 15/100; (3) Efficiency of marine resources utilization, weighted at 25/100; (4) Performance of marine pollution treatment and environmental protection, weighted at 25/100; (5) Popularization of marine culture and awareness, weighted at 10/100; and (6) Marine governance system and policy, weighted at 15/100. This index system was used to assess the ecological civilization performance of marine construction in the coastal western waters of the Yellow Sea for seven coastal cities in Shandong province, China.

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15:20 (S8-HD-P-12012) Features of media-covering and promotion of marine and fishery researches in Russia Konstantin Osipov Pacific Research institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center),Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Fisheries are an important element of social life and economic activity in Far Eastern Russia. Publications and releases in official, commercial, and scientific media contribute to public perceptions of the condition of fisheries. However, to date, the role and contributions of science to the development and management of fisheries in Far Eastern Russia have not been clearly represented to the public. Indeed, inaccurate representations, in mass media, of science’s role in fishery’s development, have led to underestimation and disregard of science-based social and research programs in Russia’s Far East. Articles and broadcasts in local media, including some based on interviews with local government officials, often understate the importance of complex research undertaken by marine science organizations. Effectively engaging local media and government officials in the popularization marine science will foster the development of a positive image of and public support for Russian marine science and greater acceptance of the validity of science-based management of marine resources. This study describes some of the challenges to be overcome in creating greater awareness of the need for and quality of marine and fishery research in Russia’s Far East region. Suggestions for improving engagement with media and government officials to highlight the role of science in support of the social and economic development of coastal regions in Russia are presented.

16:00 (S8-HD-P-12308) Groundtruthing social vulnerability indices of Alaska fishing communities Anna N. Santos1, Kim Sparks1, Stephen Kasperski2 and Amber Himes-Cornell3

1 Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, 205 SE Spokane Street, Suite 100, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA. 2 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle Washington 98115, U.S.A. [email protected] 3 Université de Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE/LABEX/IUEM, 12 rue de Kergoat - CS 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France E-mail: [email protected]

Community vulnerability and well-being is increasingly evaluated through quantitative social indices. Given that such indices are typically developed using secondary data sources rather than primary data collection, it is necessary to understand their validity if they will be used to inform policy and decision-making. This paper presents a groundtruthing exercise of quantitative indices that characterize the well-being of Alaska fishing communities as a step in validation. We utilized ethnographic data collected from 13 communities and a capital assets framework to groundtruth the indices, in which qualitative ranks of vulnerability were compared against quantitative indices. The majority (71.5%) of ranks were in complete or moderate agreement, and the results indicate that most of the indices are reliable, yet some indices could be modified to better reflect realities in Alaska. Indices of commercial fishery engagement and reliance appeared to be more reliable than socio-economic indicators, particularly for smaller fishing communities. For smaller communities, the indices did not appear to accurately reflect community vulnerability or secondary data was lacking. Utilization of the capital assets framework also confirmed the indices do not capture social, political, or ecological factors that affect levels of community vulnerability. Cost of living, lack of employment opportunities, reliance on subsistence resources, loss of fishery permits, and outmigration are central concerns across fishing communities of Alaska affecting their well-being. We conclude that quantitative indices are useful rapid assessment tools; however, they should be validated, and complimented with ethnographic data to increase their effectiveness as policymaking and management tools.

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16:20 (S8-HD-P-12112) The economic importance of wild Pacific salmon Keith R. Criddle University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA E-mail: [email protected]

This presentation explores the economic role of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in Alaska, including an overview of the development and evolution of commercial fisheries, their diminished but locally important role as a subsistence good and basis for barter, their increasingly important value in sport fisheries and as a source of other non-monetary benefits, their social and cultural roles of salmon and salmon fisheries, and the regional economic impact of salmon fisheries. The economic and social effects of evolving systems for governing and managing salmon catches are discussed because those systems vary through time and greatly affect the magnitude and distribution of economic value. Interdependencies between aquaculture and the capture fisheries are also discussed to highlight their influence on exvessel prices through their impact on global markets and on the social and institutional structure of the fisheries for Pacific salmon.

16:40 (S8-HD-P-12113) Retrospective benefit-cost analysis of federally-funded buyback programs for Southeast Alaska salmon purse seine permits Keith R. Criddle1 and Jennifer Shriver2

1 University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK, USA.

In 1975, 419 perpetual transferable limited entry permits (LEPs) were issues for the Southeast Alaska salmon purse seine fishery. Beginning in the 1990s, ever increasing global supplies of farmed salmon precipitated a collapse in exvessel prices for wild salmon and concomitant declines in exvessel revenues and permit values such that by the early 2000s, exvessel prices and the value of LEPs hovered at around 20% of their peak values. In response, fishermen lobbied for a buyback program to permanently retire of some permits. The first phase of the buyback program was financed under a federal grant and led to the retirement, in 2008, of 35 permit. The second phase was financed under a federally backed fishery reduction loan that led, in 2012, to the retirement of 65 additional permits. It was anticipated that these reductions in the supply of LEPs would bolster average revenues for remaining vessels and increase the market value of remaining permits. This benefit-cost analysis assesses whether the increased value to remaining permitees offsets the cost to taxpayers of financing the buyback. Doing so necessitates disentangling concomitant but unrelated changes in exvessel prices and catch volumes. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the buybacks increased the asset value of LEPs and forestalled the reentry of latent fishing capacity. However, because the buybacks do not alter the fundamental conditions that predispose the dissipation of rents, relief accorded by the buyback is likely to be ephemeral.

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S9: POC Topic Session Meso-/submeso-scale processes and their role in marine ecosystems September 28

10:55 (S9-12000) Invited Lagrangian maps as a new tool to simulate transport processes in the ocean Sergey V. Prants, M.Yu. Uleysky and M.V. Budyansky Pacific Oceanological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Lagrangian methods are now actively used in simulation of large-scale transport and mixing in the ocean due to tremendous progress in satellite monitoring and in advanced technology of satellite-tracked buoys and drifters providing continuous, near real-time and global data at high space resolution. Combination of that data with outputs of high-resolution global and regional numerical models of ocean circulation and ideas and methods from dynamical systems and chaos theory enables to simulate and analyze transport and mixing in the ocean at sub- and mesoscale. We develop a methodology for computing and analyzing different kinds of Lagrangian maps for a large number of synthetic tracers advected by altimetry-derived and numerically-generated velocity fields. A number of examples demonstrates the effectiveness of that tool to analyze evolution of mesoscale eddies, to estimate a risk of contamination of specified eddies by Fukushima-derived radionuclides and to identify Lagrangian fronts favorable for fishing in the Asian marginal seas and the North Western Pacific. An extensive review of these methods with applications can be found in the new coming book “Lagrangian oceanography: large-scale transport and mixing in the ocean. Berlin, New York. Springer Verlag. 2017” by S.V. Prants, M.Yu. Uleysky and M.V. Budyansky.

11:20 (S9-12300) Invited Characteristics of meso- and submeso-scale features used by highly migratory marine predators Robert M. Suryan1, Rachael A. Orben2, Stephanie A. Loredo2, Jessica M. Porquez2

1 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Auke Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA

Highly migratory marine species like seabirds transit within large marine ecosystems and across entire ocean basins to locate important foraging areas. Individual-based, Lagrangian tracking studies have demonstrated the use of hierarchical search patterns to locate meso- and submesoscale oceanographic features where concentrated foraging occurs. Integrating individual-based movement with satellite oceanographic data identifies important near surface, horizontal characteristics of targeted features. Complimentary, vessel-based, Eulerian observations provide a broader predator community perspective and identify horizontal and vertical water column processes of features targeted by multiple predators. We use a combination of satellite-based remote observations and in- situ sampling to describe characteristics of meso- and submeso-scale features targeted by seabirds throughout the North Pacific Ocean. Features targeted included offshore eddies, shelf-break fronts, water mass convergences, and estuary plumes, with use varying in space and time. Spatio-temporal persistence (i.e., predictability) was a consistent characteristic among features, while chlorophyll concentration, gradients and other characteristics were more variable and feature- or species-specific. Characteristics of meso- and submeso-scale features used by highly migratory, predatory species provide important insight into physical and biogeochemical processes that enhance tropic transfer of energy to upper trophic levels. Such mechanistic understandings of energy transfer are key to informing ecosystem models and factors influencing ecosystem change.

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11:45 (S9-12159) Roles of the ocean mesoscale in the lateral supply of mass, heat, carbon and nutrients to the Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres Ayako Yamamoto1, Jaime B. Palter2, Carolina O. Dufour3, Stephen M. Griffies4, Daniele Bianchi5, Mariona Claret6, John P. Dunne4, Ivy Frenger7 and Eric D. Galbraith8

1 Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA 3 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 4 NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA 5 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 6 Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 7 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, German 8 Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats-Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de 12 Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Lateral transport at the boundaries of the subtropical gyres plays a crucial role in providing nutrients that fuel gyre primary productivity, heat that helps restratify the surface mixed layer, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that influences air-sea carbon exchange. Mesoscale eddies are hypothesized to be an important component of these lateral transports; however, previous studies have not explicitly quantified the role played by these eddies for the respective subtropical budget. Here, we quantitatively assess the physical mechanisms that control the transport of mass, heat, nutrients and carbon across the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical gyre boundaries using the eddy-rich ocean component of a climate model (GFDL’s CM2.6) coupled to a simple biogeochemical model (mini-BLING). Our results suggest that lateral transport across the subtropical gyre boundaries supplies a substantial amount of mass and tracers to the ventilated layer of both Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres, with Kuroshio and Gulf Stream acting as main exchange gateways. Mass, heat, and DIC supply is mainly driven by the time-mean circulation, while mesoscale eddies oppose the mean, removing mass, heat and DIC from the gyres. Nutrient transport differs markedly from the other tracers, as nutrients are principally supplied to both subtropical gyres by mesoscale eddies, owing to the large down-gradient eddy transport of nutrients into the subtropical gyres. The lateral nutrient supply, combining the roles of both mean and eddy components, provides more than three quarters of the total nutrient supply into the subtropical gyres, surpassing a recent estimate based on a coarse resolution model.

12:05 (S9-11993) The mesoscale eddy activity in the Alaskan Stream area and its impact on biological productivity Andrey G. Andreev, Sergey V. Prants, Maxim V. Budyansky and Michael Yu. Uleysky Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

We demonstrate the transport pathways of the Alaskan Stream water in the eastern subarctic Pacific and the eastern Bering Sea with the help of altimetry-based Lagrangian maps from October~1, 1994 to September~12, 2016. A mesoscale eddy activity along the shelf−deep basin boundaries in the Alaskan Stream region and the eastern Bering Sea is shown to be related with the wind stress curl in the northern North Pacific in winter. A significant correlation is found between the concentration of chlorophyll a in the Alaskan Stream area and eastern Bering Sea in August−September and the wind stress curl in the northern North Pacific in November−March. The mesoscale dynamics, forced by wind stress curl in winter, may determine not only lower-trophic-level organism biomass but also salmon abundance/catch in the study area.

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14:00 (S9-12003) The submesoscale vertical pump of an anticyclonic eddy Annalisa Bracco1, Yisen Zhong2, Jiwei Tian3, Jihai Dong4, Wei Zhao3 and Zhiwei Zhang3

1 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30306 GA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China 3 Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China 4 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China

Oceanic mesoscale eddies with typical sizes of 30–200 km contain more than half of the kinetic energy of the ocean. They have an average lifespan of several months and are major contributors to the transport of heat, nutrients, plankton, dissolved oxygen and carbon in the ocean. Mesoscale eddies have been observed and studied over the past 50 years, nonetheless our understanding of the details of their structure remains incomplete due to lack of systematic high-resolution measurements. To bridge this gap, a survey of a mesoscale anticyclone was conducted in early 2014 in the South China Sea capturing its structure at submesoscale resolution. By modeling an anticyclone of comparable size and position at three horizontal resolutions (1, 5 and 10 km) the resolution requirements for capturing the observed variability in dynamical quantities are verified. The role of ageostrophic motions on the vertical transport associated with the anticyclone is then assessed. Results indicate that different submesoscale processes contribute to the vertical transport depending on depth and distance from the eddy center, with frontogenesis playing a key role. Vertical transport by anticyclones cannot be reliably estimated by coarse- resolution or even mesoscale-resolving models, with important implications for global estimates of the eddy- driven vertical pumping of biophysical and chemical tracers.

14:20 (S9-12171) The observed slope current of the Northern Slope of South China Sea Dongfeng Xu1,2, Chenghao Yang1,2, Jun Wang1,2, Mingquan Xu1,2, Hong Chen1,2 and Yaochu Yuan1,2

1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, PR China

The current along the Northern Slope of South China Sea (SNSCS) is not clear for the shortage of long-term mooring observation,especially for the summer season. Based on the mooring station (ST1:April 2014 to April 2015, deployed in the SNSCS, West of SanYa, Hainan 111.7°E, 18.4°N, water depth: 1000m) results, a steady southwestward current exists in all month of in the whole year at the depth of 150m~380m with the annual velocity of about 15cm/s. Northwestward flow exists in the upper water of 150m and deep water (deeper than 500m) from June till July (with a strong baroclinic effect of a three-layer current structure). The effect of super Typhoon (RAMMASUN July 18 2014) can reach till the depth of 300m observed from the velocity vector. For the mooring station (ST2:May 2015 to March 2017, deployed at 114.5°E, 19.5°N, water depth: 1200m) the results show a more the barotropic effect compared with STA1. In summer, the slope current in STA2 flows northeastward and intensified in the deep water differs from that in STA1. The slope current shows a low-frequent variability at about 100 days period. Mesoscale eddies have large effect on the cross-shelf exchange when they encounter the slope. An example of eddy-pair influence shows a strong cross-shelf exchange in June of 2015.

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14:40 (S9-11986) The interaction of the mesoscale and submesoscale eddies in the Sea of Okhotsk Igor A. Zhabin Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Multisatellite data are used to study the interaction between the mesoscale and submesoscale eddies in the deep Kuril Basin of the Sea of Okhotsk. Analysis of long-term series of satellite altimetry observations demonstrate that the circulation in the Kuril Basin is determined by quasi-stationary mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. The anticyclonic circulation can be generated by the negative wind stress curl during warm season (June − September). The satellite images reveals that submesoscale processes (small-scale eddies and streamers) is determine the interaction of mesoscale eddy with the waters of the tidal mixing region around of the central Kuril Islands. Submesoscale cyclonic eddies are formed at the Kuril tidal mixing fronts and near the Bussol Strait. By applying the Lagrangian analysis based on satellite altimetry data, we demonstrate that submesoscale eddies move on the periphery of the mesoscale eddy within the advective streamer and it’s bounded by transport barriers. Formation and destruction of the submesoscale eddies caused by the horizontal stirring leads to injection of cold and nutrients rich water from the Kuril Islands area in the deep Kuril Basin. During summer the interaction submesoscale and mesoscale eddies support the high concentration of the chlorophyll- a in the upper layer of the north-eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.

15:00 (S9-12024) Mesoscale eddies and eddy energy sources in the Okhotsk Sea during the winter-spring period, 2005-2009 Dmitry V. Stepanov1 and Vladimir Fomin2

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia

Based on an eddy-permitting ocean circulation model, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) sources are studied in the upper 200 m in the Sea of Okhotsk. An analysis of spatial distribution of the EKE showed that high-energy mesoscale variability occurs on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk, where the East-Sakhalin Current extents. It was found the pronounced seasonally varying EKE with maximal magnitudes, amounting to 3.5x103 J/m2 in winter, and minimal magnitudes, amounting to about 0.3x103 J/m2 in summer. An analysis of the EKE sources and the energy conversions showed that time-varying (turbulent) wind stress is a major contribution to mesoscale variability on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk. The contribution of baroclinic instability to the generation of mesoscale variability on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk predominates over that of barotropic instability. To demonstrate the mechanism of baroclinic instability, it was considered the circulation on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk from January to April 2005. An analysis of hydrological conditions showed that isopycnals tilt toward the sea surface and the strong vertical shear of the along-shore velocity occurs from January to May 2005. In April, the mesoscale eddies are observed on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk. It was established that the seasonal variability of time-varying (turbulent) wind stress and the baroclinic instability of the East-Sakhalin Current are major reasons of mesoscale variability on the western boundary of the Sea of Okhotsk.

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15:20 (S9-12197) On the nature of wind-forced upwelling in Barrow Canyon Maria N. Pisareva1, Robert S. Pickart2, Paula S. Fratantoni2,4 and Thomas J. Weingartner3

1 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA 3 University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA 4 Present affiliation: Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA

The Pacific-origin water that flows northward through Bering Strait influences the interior Arctic Ocean. It carries large amounts of freshwater and heat and is also a significant source of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton to the region. During summer months a significant fraction of the transport of Pacific water exits the Chukchi Sea through Barrow Canyon. This canyon is known to be a biological “hotspot” due to its elevated nutrient concentrations, enhanced productivity rates, and high benthic biomass. As such, investigation of Barrow Canyon (which is included into the DBO program) is crucial for improving our understanding of this important regional ecosystem. The focus of the current research is the mesoscale process in the Barrow Canyon – upwelling. Using timeseries from a mooring deployed from 2002-4 near the head of Barrow Canyon, together with atmospheric and sea ice data, we have identified 25 upwelling events, occurring when both the Beaufort High and the Aleutian Low are strong. During the warm season most of the events brought Winter water to the head of the canyon, while upwelling of Atlantic water occurred during the cold season. Although two of the strongest events were associated with particularly strong forcing – both of which brought Atlantic water to the head of the canyon – there was no statistical correlation between the strength of the atmospheric forcing and the magnitude of the upwelling. This appears to be related to the ice cover in that the strongest upwelling events occurred for partial ice cover.

16:00 (S9-12123) Submesoscale eddies in Peter the Great Bay of the East/Japan Sea Alexander Ostrovskii1, Pavel Fayman2, Vyacheslav Lobanov3 and Young-Gyu Park4

1 P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 3 V.I. Ilyichov Pacific Oceanological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia 4 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea

Submesoscale cold-core (T < 0°C) eddies were observed near the shelf break in Peter the Great Bay (PGB) of the East/Japan Sea in February-March 2010. The CTD observations were carried out at the mooring station employing the profiler Aqualog, the CTD sensor suites in the near-bottom and near-surface layers respectively. Additionally we used the satellite-born imagery and scatterometery. The analysis suggested the cold-core submesoscale eddies 3 supply the densest water (σθ > 27.24 kg/m ) to the shelf break zone where it may cascade downward into the deep northern basin. The observed densest water was richer in suspended particles and oxygen by 0.4 ml/l than the surrounding water. To study the origin of the submesoscale cold-core eddies we used the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The model simulated two branches of Primorye Current (PC) over the continental slope and in the shelf zone in the cold season of 2010. It appeared that the moored profiler Aqualog was located near the second branch of PC. In Ussuri Bay (UB), the anticyclonic gyre of 10 - 30 km in diameter was developed in the model. At the gyre periphery, the submesoscale cyclones were often generated. The eddy lifetime varied from 2 to 10 days and their diameter could reach 10 km. The eddies moved southward towards the isobath 60 m, then westward with average speed of about 5 cm/s. The model confirmed that he submesoscale cyclonic eddies can transport the coldest water in the near-bottom layer from UB towards the open sea.

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16:20 (S9-12119) Variations of the turbulent eddy diffusivity in the Primorye Current region of the northwestern East/Japan Sea in the warm season Alexander Shatravin1, Alexander Ostrovskii1, Vyacheslav Lobanov2 and Jae-Hun Park3

1 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia 3 Inha University, Incheon, R Korea

Small-scale mixing is a mechanism of crucial importance for both ocean circulation and biological processes. Estimation of mixing efficiency demands high resolution measurements. Yet, available datasets remain sparse despite great interest by the scientific community and progress in instrumentation. Here we present estimates of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the diapycnal turbulent eddy diffusivity of mass in the northwestern East/Japan Sea obtained on the basis of observational survey by using the moored profiler Aqualog in April-October 2015. The profiler was equipped with a CTD probe and an acoustic Doppler current meter and delivered vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and current velocity 8 times per day with vertical resolution of approximately 1 meter. The estimates of the diapycnal turbulent eddy diffusivity of mass are based on Polzin’s finescale parameterization approach and Mixing Oceanographic Toolbox. Spatial and temporal inhomogeneities of thermohaline and hydrodynamic conditions caused by meanders of the strong longshore currents and numerous eddies of various spatial scales are characteristic for the research region. During the period of deployment the diffusion coefficients varied by several orders of magnitude. We investigate the depth-time variability of obtained estimates of mixing parameters and analyze the relation between the initial and intermediate variables during periods of enhanced or decreased mixing, which allows for better understanding of physical mechanisms governing strong fluctuations of mixing coefficients. We also analyze remote sensing data in order torelate observed fluctuations of mixing parameters to ocean mesoscale and sub-mesoscale processes.

16:40 (S9-12041) Short-term variability of the thermohaline stratification under the seasonal pycnocline in the Primorye Current zone in the Japan/East Sea Olga Trusenkova1, Alexander Ostrovskii2, Alexander Lazaryuk1, Vyacheslav Lobanov1, Dmitry Kaplunenko1 and Svetlana Ladychenko1

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

The Primorye (Liman) Current is the cold coastal jet near northwestern boundary of the Japan/East Sea. While flowing southwestward, the current develops instabilities and meanders. As the flow intensifies, itbecomes progressively more unstable and sheds vortices, which move southwestward along the continental slope. The current meanders and eddies as well as the propagating coastal waves result in strong vertical displacements of isopycnals. To determine magnitude and time scales of the thermohaline stratification variations we deployed the moored Aqualog profiler at 42.5°N, 133.8°E at the depth of 440 m at the continental slope during the warm season from April 18 through October 15, 2015. Every day during the survey, 8 vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were obtained below the seasonal pycnocline in the layer between 64 and 260 m where the sigma-t was in the range of 26.9 and 27.3. The temporal variation of the depth of the 27.15 sigma-t isopycnal was analyzed by using Hilbert-Huang transform. Five Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) were derived as follows. IMF 1 represented high-frequency observational noise. IMFs 2 and 3 showed fluctuations at the scales of 2-3.5 and 8-13 days, respectively, that were linked to travel times of submesoscale and mesoscale dynamic structures above the mooring. IMF 4 accounted for the signal of approximately 20-day period. IMF 5 and residual term together indicated the deepening of pycnocline from June through mid-August and shallowing during the next month. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant No. 16-05-00899.

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17:00 (S9-12263) Transportation route and habitat of Japanese eel (Anguilla Japonica) larvae in association with mesoscale eddy area Daisuke Ambe1, Daisuke Hasegawa2, Makoto Okazaki3, Nobuharu Inaba2, Takeshi Okunishi2, Hiroaki Kurogi1, Seinen Chow1, Shuhei Sawayama1, Tsutomu Tomoda4 and Tsuyoshi Watanabe2

1 National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan 3 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Kanagawa, Japan 4 National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Kagoshima, Japan

Japanese eel, Anguilla Japonica, is known to have a spawning ground near the West Mariana Ridge in the northern part of the North Equatorial Current (NEC). The hatched larvae had been thought to be transported to the western boundary of the North Pacific Ocean by the NEC, and then to the coastal areas of East Asia while being transported northward by the Kuroshio. However, the larvae are often caught in the inner subtropical gyre of the North Pacific Ocean in recent surveys conducted by the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), indicating that the steady current such as the NEC is not the only path of Japanese eel larval transportation. This observation agrees with our result of numerical particle tracking experiment showing a route towards the Kuroshio via the inner region of subtropical gyre by deviating from the transport route along the NEC. The larvae tended to be caught near the edge of cyclonic mesoscale eddies in inner region of subtropical gyre. Our high resolution hydrographic observation indicated a relatively high dissolved oxygen content at sub-surface layer along the rim of the cyclonic eddy, where many larvae were caught. These data suggest that the history of local environmental changes due to eddy activities have influence on the survival of Japanese eel larvae which are transported in the inner region of the subtropical gyre.

17:20 (S9-12297) Mesoscale processes influence on migrations and the fishing grounds formation of saury, sardine and mackerel in the Northwest Pacific Elena I. Ustinova and Viktor N. Filatov Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO- Center), 4, ShevchenkoAlley, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

We analyzed the impact of mesoscale processes on migrations and the fishing grounds formation of saury (Cololabis saira), sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), and mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Northwest Pacific. Mesoscale variability in this highly dynamic region is characterized by strong seasonality and interactions with larger scales. Positions and configurations of mesoscale and large-scale fronts determine the feeding migration patterns of these epipelagic fishes in the food-rich subarctic waters in June and southern migrations in autumn. Large anticyclonic eddies located east off Hokkaido Island are very important for fisheries. Occurrence and dynamics of the eddies and related fronts affects not only the fishing grounds formation of the fisheries species, but also on the size- age composition. Besides, last year successful fishing was realized near the boundary of the anticyclonic eddy located east off Bussol Strait. Disintegration of saury and mackerel concentrations under dissipating mesoscale inhomogeneities occurs earlier in comparison with sardines aggregations due to the different feeding behavior. In this study, the problems of mesoscale inhomogeneities monitoring and forecasting for sustainable fisheries management are discussed, too. Serious difficulties are limited oceanographic profiling and biological sampling during the fishing season. Nevertheless, modern scientific information system for the support of fisheries expedition provided by TINRO-Center is useful for fisherman, managers of fisheries organizations and scientists.

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17:40 (S9-12150) Enhanced biological productivity in a warm core ring Daisuke Hasegawa, Takeshi Okunishi, Hitoshi Kaneko and Akira Kuwata Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Shiogama, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

A warm core ring 2015C originally spun off from the Kuroshio Extension in the summer of 2014 migrated to northwest toward the east-coast Japan and then spent about a year at off the Sanriku-coast in the Oyashio- Kuroshio transition zone until it’s extinction in early 2016. We conducted cross-sectional observations of the 2015C by using an underwater glider (SeaGlider) and the R/V Wakataka-maru (692t) in May, July and September of 2015. The eddy structure observed in May was distinctive of an anticyclonic eddy with depressed density interfaces at the eddy center. On the other hand, the same eddy observed in July and September had a lens shaped structure with a deep main pycnocline and a shallow seasonal pycnocline (i.e., a mode-water eddy type structure). With the shoaling of the seasonal pycnocline, the nutricline was also shoaled in the eddy center. Significantly high Chlorophyll-a concentrations (July: 6.4 mg/m3, September: 2.9 mg/m3) were also observed at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the center of 2015C. Since the shoaling of the seasonal pycnocline was not observed in May but in July; the wind driven upwelling near the eddy center caused by strong wind events may be responsible for the density structure change and the following extraordinary summer phytoplankton bloom in the center of 2015C.

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S10: FUTURE Topic Session Emerging issues in understanding, forecasting and communicating climate impacts on North Pacific marine ecosystems September 27

09:05 (S10-12255) Invited Biogeochemical carbon cycling of Bering Sea and their impacts on the Western Arctic Ocean in the past two decades Zhongyong Gao1 , Liqi Chen1, Min Chen2, Heng Sun1, Jinlu Tong2, Qi Li2, Longshan Lin1 and Di Qi1

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China

Biogeochemical carbon cycling of the Bering Sea and the Western Arctic Ocean (WAO) were integrated from the first (1999) to the seventh (2016) summer cruises of the Chinese National Arctic research Expedition (CHINARE).

Parameters of biogeochemical carbon cycling, including CO2 system parameters, (pCO2, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, calcium) and their related physical and chemical parameters, were measured. Water masses and their transport from the Bering Sea to the WAO were traced by isotopes such as δD, δ18O, 226Ra, 228Ra, etc. The distribution of freshwater components in the Bering Sea and WAO were clarified. With the exception of a part of the southeast Bering Shelf, the Bering Sea could be divided into the Bering Shelf Region (BS), Bering Slope Current Region (BSC), Northern Bering Basin Region (NBB) and Southern Bering Basin Region (SBB) based on their biogeochemical characteristics. Interannual and Decadal of variations of Bering Sea waters and their impacts on the WAO by tje Bering throughflow were revealed. Some fish species revealed a northward shift in distribution during the past two decades, and primary production was enhanced by the nutrient supply and accompanied by strong carbon uptake in the Chukchi Sea. Meanwhile, the surface and subsurface waters were acidified within the context of large-scale water mass exchange and local physical and biogeochemical processes from the northern North Pacific to the Western Arctic Ocean.

09:35 (S10-12232) Invited Climate predictions to support fisheries management in a changing ocean Desiree Tommasi University of California Santa Cruz and NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Variability in ocean conditions is known to shift the distribution and productivity of marine fish and invertebrate species. These changes have implications for fishing communities, the fishing industry, and fisheries management, with a range of management decisions, from time-area closures to annual catch limits, being affected. Despite progress in our understanding of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, environmental information is still rarely integrated into fisheries management decision. This has in part been limited by the absence of climate information at the temporal and spatial scales at which fisheries operate and are managed. Recent improvements in forecasting capability of global dynamical climate prediction systems at the seasonal to multi-annual scale, however, raise prospects for improved utility of these tools to support fisheries management in a changing ocean. Here, we present an overview of advances in seasonal to multi-annual prediction of fisheries relevant environmental variables and highlight, using a range of case studies, their value to fisheries management decisions. Challenges and priority developments are also discussed.

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10:05 (S10-12120) Seasonal forecast skill in the CCS and its connection to climate variability Michael Jacox1,2, Michael Alexander3, Steven Bograd2, Elliott Hazen2, Gaelle Hervieux3,4, Charles Stock5 and Desiree Tommasi1,6

1 University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA 3 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA 4 University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 5 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA 6 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA

The California Current System (CCS) is a biologically productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling System that experiences considerable environmental variability on seasonal and interannual timescales. Given that this variability drives changes in ecologically and economically important living marine resources, predictive skill for regional oceanographic conditions is highly desirable. Here, we assess the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts in the CCS using output from multiple Global Climate Forecast Systems, and describe mechanisms that underlie SST predictability. A simple persistence forecast generates considerable skill at short lead times, while skill above persistence derives primarily from predictable evolution of ENSO-related variability. Specifically, during ENSO events climate forecast systems can skillfully predict anomalous alongshore winds, which drive upwelling anomalies and consequently temperature anomalies. This mechanism prevails during moderate to strong ENSO events, while years of ENSO-neutral conditions are not associated with significant skill above persistence for SST forecasts. We find also a strong latitudinal gradient in predictability within the CCS; SST forecast skill is highest off the Washington/Oregon coast and lowest off southern California, consistent with variable wind forcing being the dominant driver of SST predictability. These findings highlight mechanisms that underlie forecast skill as well as sources of limitation in forecast skill. We will also discuss implications for regional downscaling of seasonal forecasts and for short-term management of living marine resources.

10:50 (S10-12210) The pelagic plankton and demersal fish communities of Pacific Canada over the past four decades: Ecosystem variability or change? R. Ian Perry1, Moira Galbraith2, Ken Fong1, Brenda Waddell1, Roy Hourston2 and Richard Thomson2

1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada

Over the past 40 years, Pacific Canadian marine ecosystems have experienced regime shifts, ENSO events, and marine heat waves. There have also been severe reductions of iconic fish populations and fish catches, with at times significant impacts to marine-dependent coastal communities. Large-scale models project future changes in the species compositions of this area, leading to declines of cool-water and increases of warm-water taxa, with the potential for further disruption but also opportunities for the provision of ecosystem services to people. In this presentation, we use observational data collected off the south-west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, over the past four decades to identify the short and long-term trends of demersal fish, and pelagic plankton, populations in this area. We ask specifically whether, to date, these are more indicative of variability or of directional trends, and if periods of good, or poor, productivity (biomass accumulation) can be identified. We compare these results from the biological observations with physical variables to understand potential natural system drivers of these patterns. Although this is a heavily exploited marine ecosystem, its overall variability is driven foremost by physical conditions, which puts constraints on the options for management actions to influence changes in this fishery system.

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11:10 (S10-12088) Biotic and abiotic impacts on walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) population off the east coast of Korea over the last 5 decades Moojin Kim1, Sukyung Kang2 and Suam Kim1

1 Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea

We examined the relationship between walleye pollock population and their surrounding environment off the east coast of the Korean Peninsula. Walleye pollock abundance was estimated using cohort analysis. Catch statistics with the abundance at age-2 and age-3 were compared with other ecological parameters, and tested for statistical significance. The Cross-Correlation Function analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between juvenile walleye pollock catch and zooplankton biomass in June with a time lag of 3 years (r=0.549, p<0.05). Furthermore, there were positive correlations between juvenile pollock catch and seawater temperature at 10 m and 20 m in December with a time lag of 3 years (r = 0.515, 0.507, p<0.05), and with seawater temperature at 50 m and 75 m in December with a time lag of 2 years (r = 0.659, 0.592, p<0.05). Age-2 abundance was positively correlated with 75 m temperature in April with a time lag of 2 years (r = 0.671, p<0.05). These results imply that biotic as well as abiotic environmental factors during the early life stages of pollock have a significant influence on variability in walleye pollock recruitment. Furthermore, assuming the first maturity at 25 cm and 50% maturity at 37 cm, the Proportional Size Distribution (PSD) ranged between 30 and 70 in Period 2, which means that recruitment variability is stable during this period. The PSD values also showed the opposite with age–2 and age–3 abundance of walleye pollock.

11:30 (S10-12212) The FUTURE Science Program: Highlights and next steps Steven Bograd1, Sukyung Kang2 and FUTURE SSC

1 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science, Center, Monterey, CA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fisheries Resources Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

‘Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine Ecosystems’ (FUTURE) is an integrative Scientific Program undertaken by the member nations and affiliates of PICES to understand how marine ecosystems in the North Pacific respond to climate change and human activities, to forecast ecosystem status based on a contemporary understanding of how nature functions, and to communicate new insights to its members, governments, stakeholders and the public. Since its inception in 2009, the FUTURE program has contributed significantly to advancing our understanding of how marine ecosystems respond to natural and anthropogenic forcing and how marine ecosystems will change in the future, although challenges remain. Here we provide an overview of the FUTURE program, highlighting recent research advances, identifying critical gaps in our understanding, and providing an assessment of the Program’s capacity to forecast climate- driven marine ecosystem changes. Advances in the understanding of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, and a broad dissemination of this information, is essential for preserving a healthy and sustainable North Pacific for FUTURE generations.

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S11: FIS/POC Session Environmental variability in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems and impacts on fishery management strategies September 28

11:00 (S11-12195) Large zooplankton abundance as an indicator of walleye pollock recruitment in the southeastern Bering Sea Lisa B. Eisner1, Ellen Yasumiishi2 and Alex Andrews2

1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA

Interannual variations in large zooplankton abundance (sum of the most abundant large taxa, typically important in age-0 pollock diets) were compared to age-1 and age-3 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) abundance for year classes 2002-2012 and 2014 on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. Data were collected on BASIS fishery oceanography surveys during mid-August to late September for warm (low sea ice) and cold (high sea ice) climate stanzas. A positive significant linear relationship was found between mean abundance of large zooplankton during the age-0 stage of pollock and estimated abundance of age-1 and age-3 pollock. Increases in sea ice extent and duration were associated with increases in large zooplankton abundances, increases in large copepods and euphausiids in pollock diets, and increases in age-0 pollock lipid content. Our results suggest that increases in the availability of large zooplankton prey during the first year at sea were favorable for age-0 pollock overwinter survival to age-1 and recruitment into the fishery at age-3. If the relationship between large zooplankton and age-1 (age-3) pollock remains significant, the index may be used to predict future recruitment success of pollock one (age-1) to three (age-3) years in advance. This provides support for the revised oscillating control hypothesis that suggests as the climate warms, reductions in sea ice (and reduced availably of ice-associated algae, an early spring food source) could be detrimental to large crustacean zooplankton and subsequently to the pollock fishery in this region.

11:20 (S11-12245) Assessing biodiversity patterns of fish resources in the Eastern Bering Sea Irene D. Alabia1, Jorge Garcia Molinos1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1, Takafumi Hirata2, Toru Hirawake3 and Franz J. Mueter4

1 Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan 3 Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 4 University of Alaska Fairbank, Juneau, AK, USA

One of the important aspect of community ecology is describing the spatio-temporal patterns in biodiversity, as these in turn, affect the capacity of the system to respond to environmental changes. Here, we explored the beta-diversity of fish and invertebrate assemblages in the Eastern Bering Sea from June-July, 1993-2016. Beta- diversity index was computed using the outputs from the ensemble habitat models generated for each taxa. The ensemble habitat models were constructed using species occurrence data from the NOAA summer bottom trawl surveys and pertinent set of environmental factors (depth, winter sea surface temperature, and winter sea ice concentration). From this analysis, we subsequently examined the spatial beta-diversity patterns to identify areas in the Eastern Bering Sea that exhibit substantial variation in species identities. High beta-diversity suggests considerable heterogeneity in communities and likely reflects habitat heterogeneity as well. This has important implications on setting up fishery management and conservation priority, as regions of heterogeneous habitat could host a variety of species and can also represent essential biogeographic transitions.

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11:40 (S11-12047) Changes in recruitment of Pacific cod in the northwestern Bering Sea and their relation to climate variations in the Northern Hemisphere Andrei Krovnin, Boris Kotenev, Nikolai Antonov and George Moury Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Though Pacific cod in the northwestern Bering Sea has a large importance for the Russian fishery (with annual catches up to 92,000 t), its long-term fluctuations and their relation to changes in environmental conditions and, in a broader sense, with climate, are not well-studied. The analysis of data on cod recruitment for the 1962-2016 period has showed a pronounced decadal variability, with maxima in the first half of the 1960s, second half of the 1970s, early 1990s and early 2010s. The decadal variations of cod recruitment were closely related to similar fluctuations of PC EOF1of winter (January-March) heat content in the 0-200 m layer of the Bering Sea, which were largely determined by longitudinal shifts of the Aleutian Low. These shifts, in turn, are controlled by the large-scale climatic processes in the Atlantic-Eurasian and Arctic sectors of the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we will analyze those changes in the winter large-scale atmospheric patterns over Eurasia and Arctic, which contributed to formation of favorable conditions for successful reproduction of Pacific cod in the northwestern Bering Sea, and will make a projection of the stock state for the next 10-15 years.

12:00 (S11-11996) Climate variability on arctic fish growth rates: Empirical evidence for biophysical coupling and its effect on harvest policies Thomas E. Helser, Mary Elizabeth Matta and Paul Spencer Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98103, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Evidence for a functional response between climate variability and arctic fish growth is emerging, particularly when such a response is seen across diverse taxa under the influence of physical processes in a given ecosystem. In this study, we evaluated the functional response between short- and long-term climate variability on the growth rates of several long lived rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the Bering Sea. Exactly dated growth increment data, which spanned nearly 80 years, were analyzed using a nonlinear Bayesian hierarchical growth model that included covariates such as age, annual sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Both SST and PDO entered the model as covariates explaining significant variability in growth across both several fish taxa. Once the effects of age on growth-increment data were removed, growth variability correlated positively with SST on an inter-annual basis while PDO accounted for longer term growth rate trends that were particularly evident between the pre- and post-1976 productivity regimes in the North Pacific. Accounting for the climate-induced growth response before and after the regime shift in population models had a significant impact on management reference points, indicating that harvest policies will need to account for non-stationary trends climate-growth coupling.

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S12: BIO Topic Session Seasonal and climatic influences on prey consumption by marine birds, mammals and predatory fishes September 26

14:10 (S12-12207) Increased prey consumption by groundfish during the 2014-2015 marine heat wave and the potential for competition with seabirds Stephani G. Zador1 and John F. Piatt 2

1 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA

This talk will address how changes in water temperature during the recent marine heat wave in the Gulf of Alaska could have increased prey consumption by large predatory groundfish (e.g., arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus) through increased metabolic requirements. Increased food demand by ectothermic fish due to increased temperature has been demonstrated in modeling and experimental studies. We combine empirical data with previously-established bioenergetic parameters to estimate total prey consumption during warm years relative to cold years. We estimate total prey consumption for endothermic seabirds based on previous studies and discuss how increased food demand by groundfish may have depleted prey resources for seabirds. We find that a significant increase in prey resources by groundfish during the marine heat wave may have been a contributing factor in the widespread seabird die-offs observed during 2015-2016 in the Gulf of Alaska.

14:30 (S12-12275) Climate and prey consumption by Rhinoceros Auklets and Japanese Cormorants breeding in Teuri Island, Hokkaido, Japan Jumpei Okado1, Motohiro Ito2 and Yutaka Watanuki1

1 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Japan

When climatic regime shift occurs the distribution and abundance of forage fish change dramatically. These changes affect prey of seabirds and consequently their consumption. In Japan, cold to warm regime shift occurred in 1989, then return to a cold regime was suspected to recently occur. We monitored population and chick diet of Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) and Japanese Cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus) at Teuri Island, Japan Sea in northern Japan. We estimated prey consumption of these two species using simple bioenergetics models. Population of the auklets increased from 1980s to 2010s, while that of cormorants increased from 1980s to 2000s, then decreased. After cold-warm regime shift in 1989, auklets changed diet from cold water species (sardine, sand lance) to warm water species (anchovy). The cormorants fed both on demersal fish and epipelagic fish during warm regime, while they fed almost on demersal fish (rock fish) during warm-cold regime shift in recent years when warm water epipelagic fish were not available. We found significant impact of climate change on prey consumption. In addition, it is known that, in auklets, diet for parents and that for chicks are often different. Using the samples of stomach contents of adults and bill-loads for chicks that were collected in 2004 – 2005 (warm regime) and 2014- 2015 (presumed cold regime), we estimated the prey consumption by parents and by chicks, separately, and we found that the parent’s diet is key for estimating prey consumption.

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14:50 (S12-12117) Breeding phenology and diet shift of seabirds in South Korea Miran Kim1, Youngsoo Kwon1, Mijin Hong2, Ho Lee1, Hong-chul Park1 and Na-yeon Lee1

1 Korea National Park Research Institute, Wonju, Kangwondo, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Kyunghee University, Seoul, R Korea

Breeding timing is important to match peak food availability with the nutritional requirements of chicks. In this study, we monitored breeding phenology of Black-tailed gulls Larus crassssirostris using automatic timelaps cameras in two breeding colonies of South and West Sea of South Korea. Initiation of breeding had been monitored on Hongdo islet for 7 years and on Nando islet for 2 years between 2003 and 2017. Breeding timing of Black- tailed gulls in Hongdo islet at the South Sea of Korea tended to be advanced comparing to 2003 except 2013. Black-tailed gulls in Nando islet also arrived at breeding colony 2 days earlier in 2017 than gulls in 2016. We analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of chick body feathers on Hongdo islet to investigate annual change of diet from 2002 to 2016. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values tended to increase. It may reflect marine environmental change in South Korea. Sea Surface temperature of South Korea had been slightly increased last 40years.

15:10 (S12-11980) Integrated study of marine mammals: An update of the regional project in the Southeast Asia Xuelei Zhang1, Kongkiat Kittiwatanawong2 and Saifullah Arifin Jaaman3

1 Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Phuket Marine Biological Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand 3 Institute of Oceanography & Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Marine mammals migrate between their habitats. To account for the environmental impacts, such as those arising from prey availability and seasonal/climatic changes, it is critical to conduct sufficient observation of the migration of marine mammals. Traditionally, the region relies on labor intensive methods to observe/study/ protect the endangered marine species. These methods cannot meet increasing demand for higher efficiency, objectivity and repeatability, which can be empowered with modern science and technologies such as telemetries using bioacoustic sensors, satellites, unmanned aero vehicles and boats, molecular analysis, etc. Marine mammals are components of the marine ecosystem. Thus, for sound science and toward effective conservation measures, we also need to conduct concert research into the system’s productivity, oceanography and coastal anthropogenic activities therein. Some methods and preliminary results will be presented, from the regional research efforts jointly funded with the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund and partners’ cofinancing.

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15:50 (S12-12036) Bioenergetic requirements of migrating eastern North Pacific grey whales in the face of climate change Selina Agbayani1,2 and Andrew W. Trites1,2

1 Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; Canada 2 Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Unusually high mortalities of grey whales (Eschrichtius robustus) observed in 1999 and 2000 along the migration route between Mexico and the Arctic have been attributed to starvation resulting from reductions in prey availability likely due to climate change. However, relatively little is known about minimum energetic requirements to sustain the annual grey whale migration and the associated effect of climate change on the ability of grey whales to meet minimum energy requirements for migration. We addressed this knowledge gap by constructing an age-structured bioenergetics model to predict the energy requirements of each migrating cohort of whales and estimated a minimum threshold of daily prey consumption during the summer that would be necessary for them to avoid nutritional stress during the annual migration. Inputs included age, sex, and reproductive state and the model assumed a range of annual energetic requirement thresholds—from 96% of daily requirements (below which pregnant females would not successfully give birth or wean a calf) to 58-60% (below which adults would die). We thus derived daily food requirements (e.g., kg of amphipods, mysid shrimp, etc.) for all age classes of grey whales and predicted future mortality rates as a function of varying prey densities due to climate change. Our results are useful for managers and policy makers to assess and anticipate the likelihood of climate-induced mortality events occurring.

16:10 (S12-12314) Estimation of prey consumption by cetaceans in the western North Pacific-Update to Hunt et al. (2000) Tsutomu Tamura Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0055, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Hunt et al. (2000) estimated prey consumption for 135 species of seabirds and 47 species of marine mammals in the PICES region. They estimated energy requirements of sea birds and mammals using simple equations that scaled energy requirements as a function of body mass. In 2016, S-MBM in PICES recommended that the Hunt et al. (2000) report be updated with data collected over the past 2 decades to answer the overarching question, “how much do marine mammals consume.” The general approach proposed was to treat the Hunt et al. (2000) report as a living document. The assessment of prey consumption was based on 1) recently available abundance estimates of cetaceans (after 2000), 2) daily prey consumption rates of cetaceans estimated, 3) estimated biomass of cetaceans by use of average body weight and abundance, and 4) composition of prey species of cetaceans. The annual prey consumption of cetaceans was estimated for the PICES regions. However, more information is needed on the abundance, body weight and prey composition of cetaceans to address a more realistic strategy for fisheries management and the conservation of cetaceans in future.

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16:30 (S12-12182) Spatial estimation of prey consumption by sei whales in the western North Pacific during the summers of 2008 – 2009: Density surface model approach Hiroko Sasaki1, Tsutomu Tamura2, Takashi Hakamada2, Koji Matsuoka2, Hiroto Murase1 and Toshihide Kitakado3

1 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, Japan 3 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

The BIO workshop on “Consumption of North Pacific forage species by marine birds and mammals” recommended undertaking detailed analysis of prey consumption of sei whales. To estimate prey consumption in a spatial context, a reliable estimation of spatial abundance as a function of environmental covariates with an appropriate spatiotemporal scale is required. This year, the authors applied a density surface model (DSM) to sighting data of sei whales to estimate abundance in a spatial context. The data were obtained in JARPNII conducted in 2008 and 2009. The DSM consisted of two levels. At the first level, detection function (probability of detecting a school of sei whales given its distance from the transect) was modeled with visibility and Beaufort scale as covariates. Density surface (i.e. spatial abundance estimation) was estimated using a generalized additive model (GAM). Daily water temperature rather than monthly mean was used as a covariate of the GAM. The data were derived from an ocean forecast system developed by the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (FRA-ROMS). Depth was also used as a covariate. As in the previous year, the amount of prey consumed by individual sei whales was estimated by GAM using the same environmental covariates mentioned above. The product of the DSM and individual consumption models yielded the spatial pattern of prey consumption in the survey area.

16:50 (S12-12151) Simple models to predict daily energy requirements and prey consumption by marine mammals in the North Pacific Andrew W. Trites Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

In general, smaller species of marine mammals have higher mass-specific energy requirements than bigger species (e.g., 4-5% for dolphins and 2-3% for large whales). However, closer inspection of energetic requirements of different sized species reveals disconnects between body size and energy requirements in a number of them due to some marine mammals having higher metabolisms and higher functioning musculature that require more prey to fuel their needs. This implies that the simple models currently used to determine daily rations are ineffective to estimate the food requirements of marine mammals, and that new means are required to yield better estimates of prey consumption. I reviewed all existing estimates of energy requirements for marine mammals to identify species that have well supported estimates—which I then used to derive generalized equations that predict the energy requirements of all pinnipeds and cetaceans as a function of body mass. These new equations are superior to existing generalized equations that have been used in the past to estimate energetic needs, and can be used to derive estimates of prey consumption for species of marine mammal with unknown energy requirements in the North Pacific.

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S13: BIO Topic Session Joint PICES-ICES Session on Anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical processes, carbon export and sequestration: Impact on ocean ecosystem services September 26

11:00 (S13-12132) Localized high abundance of Marine group II archaea in the subtropical Pearl River Estuary: Implication for their niche adaptation Chuanlun Zhang1, Wei Xie2, Haiwei Luo3, Senthil K. Murugapiran4, Jeremy A. Dodsworth4, Songze Chen2, Ying Sun3, Brian P. Hedlund4, Peng Wang2, Huaying Fang 5 and Minghua Deng5

1 Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China 3 Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, PR China 4 School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 5 School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China

Marine group II (MGII) archaea are widely distributed in global oceans and dominate the total archaeal community within the upper euphotic zone of temperate waters. However, factors controlling the distribution of MGII are poorly delineated and the physiology and ecological functions of these still uncultured organisms are elusive. In this study, we investigated the planktonic MGII associated with particles and in free-living forms in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) over a 12-month period. The average abundance of particle-attached MGII was 10-fold higher than that of the free-living counterparts, demonstrating their preference for particle attachment. The results also showed that the abundances of MGII were positively correlated with phototrophs, including both algae and Cyanobacteria, when the salinity is higher than 10‰, and that MGII in the surface water were negatively correlated with monthly photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) during the sampling period. A nearly complete genome of PRE_MGIIa, which represented the most abundant operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of MGIIin surface waters, was recovered using metagenome binning methods. Comparing with other published MGII genomes, PRE_MGIIa contained unique genes annotated as catalase and high-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter, which might be pivotal for their adaptations to PRE that was heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. Our study presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential ecological interactions between MGII and other microorganisms, particularly phototrophs and other archaea, and provides insight into microbial niche adaptation in the estuarine ecosystem.

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11:20 (S13-12230) Anthropogenic blue carbon: Assessing the contribution of seaweed aquaculture for carbon uptake and storage M. Robin Anderson1 and Richard B. Rivkin2

1 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s NL, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Blue carbon is a component of the pool of biological produced carbon that can be stored in a form that is relevant for climate mitigation. However quantification of the fate, export and potential sequestration of blue carbon is complex. The production and fate of carbon derived from the extensive naturally-occurring and managed (i.e. farmed) kelp beds and other macroalgal systems is rarely assessed and complicated by physiological adaptations of seaweed, specifically their ability to store organic carbon under nutrient limited, high light conditions. Thus models which use average carbon conversion factors will introduce a large and unpredictable bias. Kelp and other seaweed aquaculture is rapidly expanding with an annual (2014) global harvest of ~30 x 10-6 tonnes. Although biomass yields are relatively well quantified, losses due to fragmentation and sloughing are not. As a result of the poorly constrained carbon conversion factors and gross biomass production, the potential for carbon capture and storage or the eventual sequestration is difficult to calculate. Here we examine the potential for seaweed aquaculture to capture and store carbon and identify the data gaps that need to be filled to adequately quantify this potential.

11:40 (S13-12211) Viruses, carbon sequestration and the biological pump Curtis A. Suttle University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Viruses are major agents of mortality, and through cell lysis are estimated to kill ~20% of the biomass in the ocean daily. The cellular constituents released via lysis comprise a complex mixture of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM & POM) that includes labile components such as nucleic and amino acids, as well as recalcitrant components such as cell-wall material. Consequently, viruses play a major role in global nutrient and carbon cycling. The labile DOM and POM is rapidly consumed by heterotrophic microbes in a process called the Viral Shunt, which releases nitrogen, phosphorus and iron-rich components, fueling primary productivity and more carbon sequestration. However, the recalcitrant components accumulate, in what has been termed the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP). In the process, recalcitrant carbon-rich DOM and POM are accumulated, skewing the composition of the viral lysates to be carbon-rich relative to the elemental stoichiometry of the cells from which they were derived. Hence, the relative amount of C will exceed that of the Redfield Ratio (106C:16N:P1). Export of this carbon-enriched material from the surface to the deep ocean will increase the efficiency of the Biological Pump. Hence, the viral shunt and the MCP working in unison result in more carbon sequestration in the oceans than would be the case if viruses were not part of the system.

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12:00 (S13-12016) Climate change, phytoplankton export and carbon equestration Uta Passow Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Large phytoplankton blooms may form rapidly sinking aggregates that settle to below 1000 m, leading to the sequestration of carbon, e.g. its removal from the atmosphere for > 100 years. This mechanism is an important pathway of the biological carbon pump (BCP). To date, the deep ocean has sequestered about ¼ of the human produced carbon, largely due to the activity of the BCP. How will rising temperatures and ocean acidification influence the mechanisms driving the BCP, and specifically the settling of phytoplankton? Transparent exopolymer particles, TEP, which form abiotically from substances released by microbes, play an important role for the formation of fast sinking aggregates. Experiments suggest that TEP production may be increased due to rising temperatures, and other work implies that increased TEP may lead to a decrease in export flux. This presentation will describe results from experimental work, field studies and theoretical considerations trying to evaluate the effect of changing temperature and carbonate chemistry on phytoplankton settling and carbon sequestration.

12:20 (S13-12223) A model simulation of future biogeochemical conditions along the British Columbia Continental Shelf Angelica Peña, Isaac Fine and Diane Masson Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

The British Columbia shelf is at the northern end of the California Current System and is influenced by summer coastal upwelling, mesoscale eddies, and freshwater inputs. A regional coupled circulation-biogeochemical (ROMS) model of this region has been developed to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of climate variability and change on lower trophic levels and the biogeochemistry of the region. In particular, the model is used to evaluate changes in nutrient fluxes, primary production and the biological carbon pump. In this presentation we will discuss the approach used to investigate the effect of climate change on the biologically-driven carbon pump and present results on future ecosystem changes for the British Columbia contiin the west coast of Canada based on simulations of contemporary and future conditions.

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14:10 (S13-12108) Changes in plankton assemblages and role of microbial loop in biogeochemical carbon cycles associated with coastal upwelling in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea Jung-Ho Hyun1, Eun-Jin Yang2, Jae-Hoon Noh3, Kyeong-Hee Kim4, Sung-Han Kim1, Jin-Sook Mok1, Dongseon Kim3 and Sinjae Yoo3

1 Hanyang University, Ansan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, R Korea 3 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Ansan, R Korea 4 National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, R Korea

The Ulleung Basin (UB) in the southwest of the East Sea is characterized by high plankton biomass and primary production. Wind-driven coastal upwelling has been known to be responsible for the enhanced biological production. However, upwelling-induced changes in plankton assemblages and the fate of primary production associated with the bacterial activities remain to be solved. We investigated the abundance of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and micro-zooplankton, and primary production (PP) and bacterial production (BP) to determine temporal and spatial variations of plankton assemblages and the quantitative role of heterotrophic bacteria in biogeochemical carbon cycles associated with the coastal upwelling in the UB. Phytoplankton assemblages changed from small- sized flagellates in early-upwelled and relatively stratified condition to larger diatoms in mid-upwelled condition. Abundance and production of each microbial group increased significantly (p < 0.005) in mid-upwelled condition compared to that measured in relatively stratified and early-upwelled condition. BP accounted for average 53% of PP in highly stratified condition, but decreased to 6% in mid-upwelled condition. Plankton assemblages dominated by smaller cell-size and higher BP to PP ratio during stratified condition suggested that a large amount of organic carbon is channeled via microbial loop, which ultimately diminishes export flux (i.e., function of biological carbon pump). Consequently, changes in the intensity and frequency of upwelling associated with climatic changes (i.e., increased sea surface temperature and decreased wind speed) that are in progress in the UB would significantly affect the carbon cycles associated with the fate of primary production and the role of the microbial loop.

14:30 (S13-12248)

Response of spring diatoms to CO2 availability in the western North Pacific Koji Suzuki1, Hisashi Endo1,2, Koji Sugie3,4 and Takeshi Yoshimura1,3

1 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Kyoto University, Uji, Japan 3 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Japan 4 Japan Agency for Marine Earth-Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan

Due to massive spring diatom blooms, the western North Pacific, especially in the Oyashio region, has one of the greatest capacities for seasonal biological drawdown of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in surface waters among the world’s oceans. On the other hand, progressive increases in the seawater pCO2 and the concomitant decreases in pH caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions have also been reported. However, it is still very unclear how spring diatom assemblages respond to CO2 availability in this region. Here we report the impact of different CO2 levels on spring diatoms in the Oyashio region as estimated from next-generation sequencing of the diatom-specific rbcL gene, which encodes the large subunit of RubisCO. We also examined the abundance and composition of rbcL transcripts in diatoms to assess their physiological responses to changing CO2 levels. A short-term incubation experiment was carried out on-deck using surface Oyashio waters in spring under different pCO2 levels (180, 350, 750, and 1000 µatm). The transcript abundance of the diatom-specific rbcL gene decreased with an increase in seawater pCO2 levels. These results indicate that CO2 fixation capacity of diatoms decreased rapidly under elevated

CO2 levels. In the higher CO2 treatments, diversity of diatom-specific rbcL gene and its transcripts decreased relative to the control treatment (350 µatm), as well as contributions of Chaetocerataceae, Thalassiosiraceae, and Fragilariaceae to the total population, whereas the contributions of Bacillariaceae increased. These results suggest that changes in CO2 levels can also alter the community composition of spring diatoms in the Oyashio region.

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14:50 (S13-12146)

Silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates: new insights from rivers of the Primorskii Krai (Russia) Galina Yu. Pavlova1, Pavel Ya. Tishchenko1, Pavel Yu. Semkin1 and Elena A. Vakh1,2

1 V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

The interactions between water and rocks at the surface of the Earth release the most soluble ions that will end up in the ocean and lead to the consume atmospheric CO2. Basalts play a major role in the carbon cycle. Many basaltic areas are located near the sea, so that only small rivers flow through these formations. As a rule small rivers are not taken into account in global budgets of weathering fluxes. However, even if individual river fluxes of dissolved material to the ocean are negligible compared to those of large rivers, these fluxes accumulated over the world-wide surface of volcanic provinces may not be negligible. This study examined the chemical composition of river waters in basaltic environments in Primorskii Krai area to characterize the silicate rocks weathering and quantify the atmospheric consumption rates associated with basalt weathering. The Razdolnaya and Partizanskaya rivers were sampled and analyzed for their major elements in different seasons in 2011-2012. The drainage areas are16430 and 4140 km2, annual discharge ‒ 2.27 and 1.32 km3/yr for Razdolnaya R. and Partizanskaya R., respectively. We use the well-established inverse method based on mass balance to apportion the river dissolved cations to rain and weathering input from evaporite, carbonate and silicate ricks. The results of our calculation showed that silicate contribution to total dissolved cations predominates in all samples reaching above 50%. The CO2 consumption rates of the Razdolnaya R. and Partizanskaya R. basins are calculated to be 7.6×104 and 21.2×104 mol·km-2·yr-1 , respectively.

15:10 (S13-12055) Acidification of the interior of the Japan/East Sea Pavel Tishchenko1, Vyacheslav Lobanov1, Dmitriy Kaplunenko1, Tatyana Mikhajlik1, Kyung-Ryul Kim2 and Dong-Jin Kang3

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, R Korea 3 Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Kyung-gi 426-744, R Korea

The Japan/East Sea (JES) exhibits multiyear decreasing trend of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in deep and bottom water masses of the JES. Most of researchers suggested that changes in the intensity of vertical ventilation of deep and bottom water masses during the past few decades is the main cause of the observed changes in the DO concentrations. The goal of this study was to analyze the tendencies of variability of pH, pCO2, DIC and related hydrochemical parameters such as DO and nutrients concentrations during last two decades. Hydrochemical data for two sections of the JES (along 132.3oE and 134oE) were chosen as most carefully sampled in the period 1999- 2014. Our results demonstrate that pH and DO concentrations in the intermediate, deep and bottom water masses decreased with time. Opposite tendency was found for NDIC, pCO2 and nutrients (silicates, phosphates and nitrates). Maximum rate of acidification corresponds to 750 m. For this depth, the annual rate of increasing of CO2 partial pressure exceeds more than two times than atmospheric one. Maximal rates of annual variability of others hydrochemical parameters also correspond to 750 m depths. Observed variability of the hydrochemical properties can be considered as eutrophication of the JES.

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15:50 Development and applications of high throughput metagenomics technologies to marine biogeochemistry Jizhong Zhou Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA Earth and Environmental Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

The rapid development of high-throughput metagenomic technologies over the past decade has greatly extended our understanding of complex microbial systems. Although remarkable advances have been made in the development of high-throughput functional gene arrays (FGA) for analyzing complex microbial communities, challenges still remain in their representation, specificity, sensitivity and quantitation. Here we developed a new generation of high-density FGA, GeoChip 5.0 based on Agilent platform, majorly covering probes from carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and phosphorus (P) cyclings and energy metabolism probes, as well as antibiotic resistance, metal resistance/reduction, organic contaminant remediation, stress responses, pathogenesis, and virulence. GeoChip 5.0 contains 161,961 probes covering approximately 370,000 representative coding sequences from 1,447 functional gene families. These genes were derived from functionally divergent broad taxonomic groups, including bacteria (2,721 genera), archaea (101 genera), fungi (297 genera), protists (219), and viruses (167 genera, mainly phages). Both computational and experimental evaluation with perfect match (PM)/mismatch (MM) probes indicated that all designed probes were highly specific to their corresponding targets. Strong hybridization could be obtained with 100 ng DNA. Sensitivity tests revealed that as little as 0.05 ng of pure culture DNAs was detectable within 1 µg of complex background DNA. This is equivalent to 0.005% of a population within a complex community, suggesting that the Agilent platform-based GeoChip is extremely sensitive. Additionally, very strong quantitative linear relationships were obtained between signal intensity and pure genomic DNAs (about 99% of probes detected with r > 0.9) or soil DNAs (about 97% of the probes detected with r > 0.9) within at least three orders of magnitudes. We applied the designed FGAs to analyze the two-years time series samples from Station ALOHA. Our results indicated that the community taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional gene diversity all statistically differed among the three investigated depths, but no clear temporal patterns were detected during the two-year investigation. Moreover, the observed community diversity patterns were significantly different from randomly permutated communities, suggesting that the bacterial communities at Station ALOHA are most likely governed by deterministic processes rather than stochastic factors. All meta-analyses collectively indicated that the spatial and temporal turnovers of bacterioplankton communities at Station ALOHA were significantly affected by depth- dependent environmental factors, particularly the vertically different temperature. Our study not only enhances our understanding on the assembly mechanisms of ocean bacterioplankton, but also provides new insights into the community assembly of other planktonic groups.

16:10 (S13-12193) Microbes and ocean biogeochemical processes Richard B. Rivkin1 and M. Robin Anderson2

1 Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, Canada

About 50% of global primary production (~105 Gt/y) occurs in the ocean and <1% of this production sinks, via the biological carbon pump (BCP) below the depth of sequestration. The microbial carbon pump (MCP) lengthens the residence time of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through the production of recalcitrant DOC (RDOC), and the magnitude carbon it sequesters may be similar to that of the BCP. Bacteria and Archaea assimilate DOC which is either transferred to the food web via protistian grazing or released via inefficient ingestion and viral lysis, leading to the progressively transformed of labile DOC into RDOC. Quantifying the spatial and temporal the importance of BCP and MCP will depend largely on structure, dynamics and environmental regulation of the microbial food web. Here we have assembled and analyzed a comprehensive database on bacterial processes, protistian bacterivory, and associated environmental variables for the World Ocean. We find that depending on region and season, that 40-75% of contemporaneous bacterial production is channeled through the food web. With an estimated global oceanic heterotrophic prokaryote production of 3-4 Gt/y, this sets an upper limit a RDOC production of 1.5-2 Gt/y. The climate implications will be discussed.

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BIO Contributed Paper Session September 29

09:00 (BIO-P-12271) Geographical variation of community structure of bacillariophyceae (diatom) in the western North Pacific Ocean Kazuaki Tadokoro and Tsuyoshi Watanabe Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Bacillariophyceae (diatom) is one of the important primary producers in the ocean ecosystems. There is many large size species (bigger than 20 micrometer), and they play important role in the classic food web that flow energy from primary producers to mesozooplankton. However, its geographical variation of community structure has not been well studied. We studied the geographical variation of community structure and biodiversity of bacillariophyceae in the western North Pacific Ocean from equatorial to subarctic by using the species composition data collected by Japan Meteorological Agency from 1950 to 1990. In this study, 271 species (including form and variety) of bacillariophyceae was appeared. We averaged species composition data by month and latitude and longitude 1° degree grid, and used cluster analysis to classify geographical variation of community structure. We classified 4 communities. The two groups were considered to be subarctic group because they mainly appeared north of 40°N, and other two groups were considered to be subtropical group because they mainly appeared south of 40°N. Appeared species number was relatively high in the north of 40°N and coastal area. On the other hand cell number of diatom was relatively high in the subtropical area.

09:20 (BIO-P-11985) Feeding impact of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus on phytoplankton in the northern East China Sea in late spring Garam Kim and Hyung-Ku Kang Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Korea E-mail: [email protected]

The distribution and feeding of Calanus sinicus were studied in June 2015 on the 12 sampling stations spread from the southern coast of Korea to the northern East China Sea, to better understand an ecological role of C. sinicus in the research area. Ingestion rate, daily ration as percentage body weight and feeding impact of copepodite stage CIV to adults were estimated using the gut pigment method. Density of overall C. sinicus was varied from 2 to 1,387 inds. m-3 by stations. CV copepodite was the most abundant with the density of 273.7 inds. m-3 and CIV was next, followed by adult female and male. The gut pigment content of the copepodites of C. sinicus ranged from 3.2 to 5.5 ng chl. ind-1 with the highest value in the adult female. Although the gut pigment content and ingestion rate of adult female were higher than other developmental stages, the highest value of daily ration as percentage body weight was found at CIV copepodite. These results confirm that the feeding of copepodites of C. sinicus is more active than that of adults. Mean feeding impact of the copepodites of C. sinicus on phytoplankton biomass, in terms of chlorophyll a concentration, ranged from 0.1 to 2.6% with the highest value in the copepodite CV. No significant correlations was found between density, ingestion rate and feeding impact of C. sinicus and the environmental factors such as temperature, salinity or chlorophyll a concentrations.

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09:40 (BIO-P-12160) Identification of gene markers associated with starvation in female Calanus sinicus Brodsky (Calanoida: Copepoda) Takuya Ohnishi1, Junya Hirai1, Shinji Shimode2 and Atsushi Tsuda1

1 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan

Calanus sinicus is an abundantly distributed copepod in the coastal waters of the subtropical western North Pacific, and physiological states of C. sinicus is a possible indicator for biological conditions of marine ecosystems. Food availability in the ocean is highly variable temporally and spatially. Then, it may lead to starvation of copepods, however, which is difficult to identify underin situ environment by conventional methods. In this study, we aimed to develop a method to evaluate starvation of female C. sinicus by identifying differentially expressed genes under starvation. First, we conducted culturing experiments with two treatments: feeding (FED) and starvation (STV) for 24 hour. The expressed genes were comprehensively revealed by RNA-seq, and total 16 genes showed significantly different expression patterns between FED and STV. From the function of the homologue of these genes, Vitellogenin (Vg) gene for a precursor of egg yolk protein was suggested as useful maker involving in a starvation response. We then measured temporal changes of Vg expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR, using specimens cultured under different fasting time. As a result, expression of Vg greatly decreased at fasting 12 h, and then it remained at a very low level. Although no clear decreasing tendency of the egg production rate was observed at fasting 12 h, most individuals did not lay eggs after fasting time of 24 h. These results suggest that the expression level of Vg can be a one of indicators of starvation and useful for predicting egg production of female C. sinicus.

10:00 (BIO-P-12179) Egg sizes and life histories of the two planktonic copepod families Eucalanidae and Calanidae Shinji Shimode1, Kazutaka Takahashi2, Minamo Hirahara3, Mana Mikawa1, Tomohiko Kikuchi1 and Tatsuki Toda3

1 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan

It has been well known that egg sizes of marine planktonic copepods are different between two spawning strategies, namely broadcast-spawners that release their eggs freely into the water and sac-spawners that carry their eggs until hutching. Broadcast-spawners are considered to produce relatively smaller eggs, compared with sac-spawners. In this study, egg sizes of the most dominant planktonic families in the open oceans, Eucalanidae and Calanidae, are examined to investigate whether there are no differences in egg sizes within broadcast-spawners. We conducted egg size measurements and egg production rate (EPR) experiments on 12 Eucalanidae and 9 Calanidae species collected from Sagami Bay, Japan. In addition to the 21 species, egg sizes and EPR of 2 Eualanidae and 12 Calanidae reported in previous studies were included in the analysis. Our result clearly indicates that egg diameters (ED) relative to prosome lengths (PL) of adult females were different between the two species groups: 1) tropical and subtropical surface species (ED > ca. 7% of PL) and 2) ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM) species (< ca. 7%). In contrast, EPR of the former species group (Subeucalanus, Cosmocalanus, Nannocalanus, etc.) were relatively lower than the latter group (Eucalanus, Calanus, Neocalanus, etc.). Our result suggests that the subtropical and tropical surface species of the two families are “K” reproductive strategists, i.e., larger egg sizes and lower EPR, while the OVM species are “r” reproductive strategists, i.e., smaller egg sizes and high EPR.

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10:20 (BIO-P-12270) Seasonal variation of arrow-worm (Chaetognatha: Sagittidea) assembages and impact of small copepods in the south-central South China Sea Lianggen Wang, Feiyan Du, Xuehui Wang, Yafang Li, Jiajia Ning and Lei Xu South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

Arrow-worms are mesozooplankton common to all regions of the world oceans and prey largely on copepods. The arrow-worm abundance distribution and impact factors were analyzed using net data obtained during 2013 and 2014. Twenty-four taxa were identified, low abundance (4.29 ± 3.40 individuals -3m ) were observed compared with coastal zones, which was the similar with other oceanic zones in the western Pacific Ocean. Abundance and distributions changed seasonally along with the surface current, which was driven by a monsoon reversal. The dominant taxa were Flaccisagitta enflata, Serratosagitta pacifica, Mesosagitta minima, Ferosagitta ferox, Pterosagitta draco and Krohnitta pacifca. F. enflataabundance contributed to 58.0% of the arrow-worm abundance was 2.47±2.27 individuals m-3 and other five dominant taxa abundances contributed to 36.1%. The result of a generalized additive model (GAM) analysis showed that F. enflataabundance was affected by Mecynocera clausi, Calocalanus pavoninus, C. plumulosus, Clausocalanus minor, C. arcuicornis, Farranula gibbula and Oithona similis, which made up 20.9% of all copepods caught by individual number. Therefore, we suggest that rich and various food help F. enflata to be the dominant taxa in the tropical oceanic zones.

11:00 (BIO-P-12320) Understanding of mutualistic interaction between marine phytoplankton (Tetraselmis striata) and bacteria (Pelagibaca bermudensis and Stappia sp.) in phycosphere Jungsoo Park and Myung-Soo Han* Dept. of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Effective sustainable algal cultivation techniques are essential for mass production of the marine microalga Tetraselmis for biofuel and array of co-products. The phycospheric communities affect the microalgal growth and metabolism through various allelochemical and nutrient interactions; hence, their potential to affect the quantity and quality of both biomass and bioproducts is significant. In the present study, we have screened the phycospheric communities of biofuel producing Tetraselmis striata (KCTC1432BP). A total of 26 bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the phycosphere ofT. striata mass culture. Then, each bacterial strain was tested in co-cultivation conditions with T. striata for evaluating its growth promoting and inhibitory effects. Among these all strains, two promising strains (Pelagibaca bermudensis KCTC 13073BP and Stappia sp. KCTC 13072BP) were selected because of their maximum growth promoting effects and mutualistic interactions. The growth rate, biomass productivity, lipid contents, and fatty acids were analyzed during their combined growth in O3 media and compared with axenic growth of T. striata. Later, growth promoting mechanisms in the co-cultivation environment were investigated for these promising bacterial strains under replete and limited conditions of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and vitamin B12). The growth promoting potential of P. bermudensis was illustrated by the two fold enhancement in biomass productivity. These bacteria are promising for microalgal cultivation without any negative effects on the native seawater bacterial communities, as revealed by next generation sequencing analysis. This study represents, to date, the first report highlighting the role of phycospheric growth promoting bacteria of promising biofuel feedstock T. striata.

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11:20 (BIO-P-12201) A comparative study of nematode assemblages associated with Sargassum muticum in its native range in South Korea and as an invasive species in the English Channel Hyeong-gi Kim1, Lawrence E. Hawkins1, Jasmin A. Godbold1, Chul-Woong Oh2, Hyun Soo Rho3 and Stephen J. Hawkins1

1 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Marine Biology, Pukyoung National University, Busan, R Korea 3 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Gyeongbuk, R Korea

Canopy forming algae are important habitat providers in coastal ecosystems. Several canopy forming species are invasive and spread to outside their native geographic range. We explored the role these invasive algae play in providing habitat for meiofaunal species. The nematode assemblages living in the intertidal algae Sargassum muticum in Europe where it is an invasive species and South Korea within its native range were compared. Sargassum muticum is a native species in East Asia and is a successful invasive species in North America and on European coasts. A nested survey design was used with two regions in each country, replicate shores in each region and three patches on each shore. The composition of the nematode assemblages was compared in British Isles and Korea. Significant differences among each spatial scale (patches, shores, regions and countries) were found in nematode assemblages. The species density and diversity was higher in Korea than British Isles. Despite different assemblage structure between countries, some cosmopolitan nematode species were appeared in both countries. Theses nematode species possibly come from Korea to British Isles with S. muticum. Further molecular studies are required to understand whether those species have invaded with S. muticum from Korea to British Isles.

11:40 (BIO-P-12291) Environmental predictors of habitat suitability and spatial distribution of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) in Jeju waters Soeon Ahn1, Sinjae Yoo1 and Hyun Woo Kim2

1 Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, KIOST, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Cetacean Research Institute, NFRDI, R Korea

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin population in Jeju waters is resident in the region and its size is estimated to 100-110 individuals. To conserve this endangered species, the urgent challenge is to understand their habitat range and habitat preference well enough to maintain this population in the face of the pressures resulting from environmental changes. The aim of this study is to use species distribution models to investigate the distribution of Tursiops aduncus and the effects of environmental variables on the habitat suitability of this species. We compiled interannual dataset (2004-2016) comprised of annual cetacean sighting data from Cetacean Research Institute and Jeju National University. We selected environmental variables such as mean SST, salinity, pH and water depth which are likely to be primary drivers for dolphin distribution and these were obtained from Bio-Oracle global environmental data packages (5 arcmin) and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) dataset. The result indicated that water depth was a main driver to affect the distribution of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin. Therefore, the area of northern part of Jeju coast waters was predicted to be a highly suitable habitat. Maxent model generated for Tursiops aduncus returned the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values higher than 0.9.

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12:00 (BIO-P-12302) Capturing Non-AIS vessel data in Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) Critical Habitat Lauren McWhinnie, Patrick D. O’Hara1, Norma Serra-Sogas, Leh Smallshaw and Rosaline Canessa

1 Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) exposure to vessels is expected to increase due to planned port expansions and new marine terminal construction on Canada’s Pacific coast. Vessel movement can be captured and assessed through the use of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), however the volume of smaller non- AIS vessels is not currently quantifiable or being assessed. For this reason, models based on AIS data would underestimate vessel related stressors such as noise. Here we describe a system - the Photographic Observation Study (POS) AIS camera - designed to capture both non-AIS vessels and SRKW as well as AIS data. POS is positioned to capture both non-AIS vessels and SRKW within Boundary Pass; a significant bottlenecked area for both whales and vessels. POS is complementary to acoustic data collected concurrently at this site. This talk will present a description of the development and installation of the POS unit as well as initial findings from the early analysis work undertaken to date. We also describe an automated target detection scheme for image analysis. The information obtained from these images is particularly important when assessing the level of vessel exposure SRKW are subjected to. Noise exposure estimates often rely on whale vocalizations to determine whale presence, yet evidence suggests whales reduce vocalizations in the presence of vessels, leading to underestimated noise exposure. Therefore, POS enables the collection of data that will help to correct this exposure underestimate by improving our whale presence estimate in Boundary Pass.

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FIS Contributed Paper Session September 29

09:00 (FIS-P-12240) Multiple-trait genetic evaluation of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in China Jie Kong and Sheng Luan Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

As the primary cultivated species in the world, the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, has accounted for more than 80% of the total shrimp production in China. A genetic improvement program was performed to increase the production and profits of L. vannamei culture in China. The target traits included body weight and survival at different temperatures and different densities, resistance to ammonia nitrogen and low temperature, feed efficiency, meat yield and reproductive efficiency. First, a base population of L. vannamei was established in 2011, and genetic relationships of several hundred founders were reconstructed using SSR markers by the maximum likelihood method. Genetic evaluation showed that heritabilities of body weight, survival, ammonia nitrogen tolerance, cold tolerance, feed efficiency, meat yield and reproductive efficiency were 0.19-0.45, 0.05- 0.19, 0.08-0.154, 0.03, 0.17-0.51, 0.12 and 0.06-0.19, respectively. As the most interesting trait, body weight exhibited a low genetic correlation with survival (−0.008), high negative genetic correlation with cold tolerance (-0.77), high positive genetic correlation with ammonia nitrogen tolerance (0.83) and moderate genetic correlation with meat yield (0.32). In addition, a low genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for body weight (K < 0.5) and a high G×E for survival (k > 0.5) were found in L. vannamei. The results show that there was substantial additive genetic variance for body weight, survival, resistance, feed efficiency and meat yield in the Pacific white shrimp that can be exploited through multiple-trait selective breeding.

09:20 (FIS-P-12013) Growth and survival of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles in the Tsushima Warm Current Motomitsu Takahashi1, Chiyuki Sassa1, Satoshi Kitajima1 and Youichi Tsukamoto2

1 Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan, 851-2213. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-2 Nakanoshima, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0922, Japan

We examined growth trajectories of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles in relation to a survival index (recruitment per spawning biomass: RPS) of the Tsushima Warm Current stock during 2011 – 2015. Juvenile T. japonicus were collected using a subsurface trawl during May – June. Body length (BL) of the juveniles ranged from 20 to 50 mm. Daily somatic growth rates were estimated for each individual fish based on otolith daily increments. Hatch dates ranged from February to May with peaks in April. Mean back-calculated BLs at 40 days post hatch (dph) ranged from 20.4 mm in 2011 to 25.6 mm in 2014. Interannual variations in mean daily somatic growth rates during 10-day intervals from hatching to 50 dph were related with RPS during the survey period. Mean growth rates during 20-30 dph and 30-40 dph positively correlated with RPS, suggesting that year classes with faster growth rate during late larval and early juvenile stages have higher survival rate than those with slower growth rate. Interannual variations in mean water temperature at 50 m measured at the fish collection showed comparative trends in mean growth rates during the significant period (20-40 dph) in addition to those during 5 days prior to the fish collection. Meanwhile, no comparative trend was found between the growth rates and abundance of prey organisms, copepodites and adults of Paracalanidae, measured at the fish collection. These results indicate that water temperature rather than food availability affects growth and survival rates during late larval and early juvenile stages in the Tsushima Warm Current region.

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09:40 (FIS-P-12243)

An overview of the culturing and breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis in China Xianhong Meng, Jie Kong, Qingyin Wang, Kun Luo, Sheng Luan, Qiang Fu and Xiaoli Shi Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, QingDao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

Fenneropenaeus chinensis, distributed along the North-western coast of Pacific Ocean, has been one of the most important fishery resources in the marine economy in China. Its farming history in China has been about 60 years long according to the earliest written records from related research in 1952. In 1959, research on artificial rearing and inshore cultivation was initiated. Techniques for large-scale industrial seed-stock production were developed in 1981, resulting in its farming peak period from 1987 to 1992 with total farming yield around 200,000 mt and its primary position in the mariculture field. Considerable attention was also focused on the development of more efficient culture modes such as industrialized culture and multi-trophic integrated culture since 1959. China made new shrimp varieties selected for faster growth and greater disease resistance a priority especially after the outbreak of white spot syndrome in 1993. The first new variety, Huanghai No.1, was produced in 2003 after seven generations of selective breeding incorporating biotechnology approaches. Multi-trait selective breeding based on BLUP estimation was applied to another new variety, Huanghai No.2, in 2008, and more varieties have been bred and well received by farmers. Development of modern molecular techniques will greatly promote further shrimp breeding, as we have developed abundant SNPs to construct high-density genetic maps for further QTL analysis and genome selection, and can precisely detect the viral load using a TaqMan real-time PCR method. These innovative approaches will unquestionably provide the necessary technical and theoretical support for the industry development of F. chinensis.

10:00 (FIS-P-12258) Gonadal abnormalities in walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma Kristina Zhukova and Andrey M. Privalikhin Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years, analyses of large-scale annual commercial catches have detected a constant presence of walleye pollock with abnormal gonads: intersexuality, total or partial atresia and filiform gonads. Most members of this species are gonochoristic, but rare cases of bisexual walleye pollock have been observed by chance in the field. In such gonads, both male and female reproductive tissues were present, but they were separated from each other by connective tissue. Filiform gonads occurred in adult walleye pollock specimens with no sign of gonad development. Microscopic examination revealed intensive growth of the connective tissue and the presence of primary growth oocytes or spermatogonia. In some cases, the germ cells were absent. The occurrence of individuals with ovotestes and filiform gonads was less than 1%. Total and partial atresia serves an adaptive function by regulating fecundity on an individual and population level. The number of females with total oocyte resorption varied in different areas: 0.9-11.1% in the Bering Sea, 0.2-14.6% in the Okhotsk Sea, 4.6-12.6% in Peter the Great Gulf, 2-2.4% in Avacha Bay and 0.8 in the Gulf of Alaska. Total atresia was observed in females and males and led to spawning omission. Partial atresia affects the part of current year’s oocytes generation and decreases individual absolute fecundity. The proportion of females with partial atresia varied from 23.4% to 61.9% in the Bering Sea, from 43.4 to 58.2 % in the Okhotsk Sea and from 29.0 to 33.8 % in the Sea of Japan/East Sea.

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10:20 (FIS-P-12218) Scales of variability in forage fish populations: Comparing interpretations of ichthyoplankton and sedimentary records Ryan R. Rykaczewski1, Brendan D. Turley1 and Rebecca G. Asch2

1 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA

Populations of forage fishes exhibit substantial changes in biomass with severe consequences for industries and ecological communities that depend upon them. Understanding the importance of climate-induced variability for these fishes has long been a concern of fisheries oceanographers. For anchovy and sardine, modern observations of changes in population sizes and landings have cultivated the hypothesis that changes in oceanographic conditions have opposing impacts on each taxon, stimulating out-of-phase alternations in biomass. Analyses of fish scales preserved in anoxic sediments challenge this idea. Deposition rates of anchovy and sardine scales have been interpreted to indicate variability in population sizes that are inconsistent with relationships in observational records. However, the assumption that scale-deposition rate is indicative of population size is questionable, and controversy remains as to whether the sediment record offers sufficient evidence to discount paradigms from the modern era. We use a spatially resolved ichthyoplankton record to explore relationships between estimated population biomass and the presence of sardine and anchovy eggs in a coastal location coincident with the area of the paleo-oceanographic fish scale record. We find that the spatially limited sampling leads to an inadequate (and, at times, opposite) impression of population variability. Fish spatial distribution varies with population size, and change in the abundance of fish at one nearshore location is not indicative of similar changes in population biomass. The limitations of short, observational records deserve wider appreciation. However, the sediment record of scales can be subject to over interpretation producing misleading results regarding population variability in forage fishes.

11:00 (FIS-P-12059) Ichthyoplankton succession and assemblage structure in the Bohai Sea during the past 30 years since the 1980s Xiaodong Bian1,2, Xianshi Jin1,2 and Ruijing Wan1,2

1 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Scienceand Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China

Ichthyoplankton succession and assemblage structure in the Bohai Sea was studied based on a pooled analysis of historical data of fish eggs and larvae sampled from horizontal trawl surveys during oceanographical expedition cruises over the past 30 years, and combined with field surveys of current fish habitat conditions. By using multivariate statistical analysis this study aimed to investigate the seasonal and interdecadal variations in the species diversity and the key species, and the collaborative change rules between the dominant species and important species in the succession process. The analysis results show that the current number of fish species in early stages is only half of the 1980s, and the density only one tenth of the 1980s. During the investigation period, species replacement in the early life stages of fish was obvious, otherwise, the replacement rate was significantly accelerated in recent years. The dominant species of fish eggs did not change significantly at the same season in each investigation period, however, the dominant species of the fish larvae has changed from small continental shelf pelagic-neritic fish to small continental shelf demersal fish. Meanwhile the dominance of the commercial continental shelf demersal fish communities decreased sharply. Temperature adaptation studies on the spawning stock during the same season in each investigation period showed that species number in each temperature adaptation type decreased signicantly. However the seasonal or annual percentage of each type remained stable. Habitat studies on the spawning stock at the same season in each investigation period also showed that species number in each habitat type decreased signicantly. Annual percentage of the continental shelf pelagic-neritic fish increased, the continental shelf demersal and benthopelagic fish decreased. Under multiple sources of exogenous interference factors, irreversible changes have taken place to every key link of the recruitment process in the early life stages of the fish with habitat loss or fragmentation in the Bohai Sea in the past 30 years. Stressors such as overfishing and climate change promote multidimensional niche disturbance in the fish community and structural decline in fishery resources, while succession and assemblage structure of the fish eggs and larvae is the embodiment of this development. 94 PICES-2017 FIS-P

11:20 (FIS-P-12097) Development of a growth prediction model for Japanese scallop along the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido, Japan using RS and FRA-ROMS Yang Liu1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh2,3, Hiroshi Kuroda4, Shouyi Yuan5 and Yongjun Tian1

1 College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] 2 Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 3 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan 4 Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kushiro, Japan 5 Computer Institute of Japan, Ltd, Yokohama, Japan

The Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido is the largest Japanese scallop producing region in Japan. Scallops landings have been about 300,000t annually using the sowing culture method. However, the production of Japanese scallop varied both temporally and spatially in recent years. Here we develop a growth prediction model for Japanese scallop using the following data including both observation and model assimilation: 1. Monthly in situ observations of scallop growth (Total weight) at the Saroma Lake station from 2004 to 2014. 2. Monthly buoy observation data at 4m water depth from the Saroma Lake station, including sea temperature, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and salinity. 3. Satellite remote sensing data from MODIS, including spatial Chl-a. 4. Seabed water temperature and salinity data from a 1/50º high-resolution ocean model based on an operational ocean forecast system that is called FRA- ROMS. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to station observation data, satellite data and 1/50º model data to reveal the influence of environment factors (Chl-a, temperature, salinity) on the growth of scallop, and develop a growth prediction model for Japanese scallop in the Okhotsk sea. The results revealed that GAM is an effective model to predict the vertical growth of scallop, the predict results were well verified by in-situ data (r2=0.95). The key factor affecting scallop growth was water temperature and Chl-a concentration, which was highly related with Soya Warm Current and sea ice.

11:40 (FIS-P-12312) Long-term dynamics of the greenland halibut population in the Okhotsk Sea Nadezhda Aseeva Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Variations of greenland halibut abundance in the Okhotsk Sea was examined with data from bottom trawl surveys in 1990-2010s. Each year-class in all areas of the sea was assessed by these surveys at least twice. The age group 9+ was the most abundant in the trawl catches and the abundance of the older age groups decreased exponentially corresponding to natural mortality, so the number of 9-years-old specimens was assumed to be an index of year- class strength. This index was determined for all year-classes hatched in 1984-2004 directly or re-calculated from the number of older age groups using an exponential model. Year-to-year changes of the year-classes in all the main areas (at West Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, and East Sakhalin) were similar, evidence of their common origin from spawning grounds located over the continental slope at West Kamchatka. They were numerous in the 1980s and gradually decreased later, reflecting the dynamics of the whole population. However, the year-class strength of the stock in the northern Okhotsk Sea, originated from the same spawning grounds, had the opposite variation, interpreted as the influence of water circulation change. Geostrophic circulation in the Okhotsk Sea provided transport of halibut eggs and larvae from the spawning grounds to the southern areas until the late 1980s, but to the northern area recently. Recently halibut was concentrated mostly in the northern Okhotsk Sea where its commercial stock reached 50.106 ind. Possible reasons for population depression were analyzed.

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12:00 (FIS-P-12316) Seasonal distribution of commercial concentrations of saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis (Til.)) on the shelf of West Kamchatka Olga Novikova Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Saffron cod, no matter what is the state of general stock abundance and biomass, demonstrates several areas of stable commercial concentration on the shelf of West Kamchatka. The areas are situated within three water masses in the south-west, central and north parts of the shelf, and this distribution coincides with the distribution of the main forage organisms. Winter observations revealed density increases near the Second Kuril Strait (50°30’- 51°30’ N) and between 52°00’-53°00’ N and 54°00’-55°00’ N. In spring and summer saffron cod aggregated near the strait, migrated northward and then reaggregated there in the area between 51°30’ and 52°00’ N. Two areas of dense saffron cod concentration also appeared on the shelf in the southwestern (52°30’-53°30’N) and northwestern (54°00’-55°00’N) parts. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the catches of saffron cod revealed that the most dense aggregations in winter occurred at depths from 50 to 100 m and that the principal catches (70-80%) in spring and summer occurred at depths <50 м.

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MEQ Contributed Paper Session September 29

09:00 (MEQ-P-12021) Yessotoxins: History, existence, risk and warning Renyan Liu, Yubo Liang and Lei Liu National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China E-mail: [email protected]. cn

Yessotoxins (YTXs) is a group of disulfated polyether toxins produced by marine dinoflagellate which was first separated from Patinopecten yessoensis of Japanese Mutsu Bay in 1986. Until now, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Russia, Ireland, America, China and other countries have also detected YTXs in shellfish and algae. There are reports on YTXs which can cause damages to cells, cardiac muscle, liver and pancreas and neuronal tissue. YTXs accumulate in shellfish and have high acute toxicity to mice by intraperitoneal injection of lipophilic extracts, and YTXs have been found to be potent cytotoxins. Although there are no dead events recorded for YTXs, and a quite high regulatory level of 3.75mg YTX equivalents/kg in shellfish has been established in Europe and some countries. But it is safe for people and marine ecosystem existing YTXs although no death and under the threshold value? Are there potential risks? Some discussion and warning were done base on the study of the existence and distribution of YTXs for past years in China coast. Keywords: Yessotoxin; Protoceratium reticulatum; shellfish; existence and distribution

09:20 (MEQ-P-12037) Monitoring of marine bioresources safety in the Far Eastern Seas Mikhail V. Simokon and Lidia T. Kovekovdova Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Marine bioresources of Far Eastern Seas are the abundant and diverse source of protein food for the population of Russian Federation and neighboring East Asian countries. It is obviously, that growing population, economic development, increase of industrial and agricultural production in the region of North-Eastern Pacific contribute to environmental condition of marginal seas, and the safety of seafood for human health is an objective of high priority. Due to the initiative of Fisheries Agency of Russian Federation, ecological monitoring of bioresources safety and environmental quality of Far Eastern Seas is developing in TINRO-Center. During 2011 - 2016 screening researches are carried out to provide the determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons, microelements, chlorinated pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs in sea water, bottom sediments, marine bioresources on the different levels of food chain from seaweed and invertebrate to commercial fish and mammal species from fishing areas of Far Eastern Seas – Japan/East, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. It was indicated, that organic pollutants demonstrates rather low concentrations in the marine environment of coastal areas, excluding petroleum hydrocarbons. Crabs and shrimps, involving in the benthic food web accumulate arsenic to high level of concentrations. Fish feeding mammals intensively accumulate mercury in the pristine environmental condition, but some mammalian species e.g. gray whale showed very low mercury concentration in tissues due to benthos feeding. These findings are to provide information of the marine bioresources safety and to predict the quality of marine environment of Far Eastern Seas.

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09:40 (MEQ-P-12096) Environmental evolution of Fukushima-derived 134Cs in the Northwest Pacific Wu Men1, Wen Yu, Yusheng Zhang, Jianhua He, Fenfen Wang, Yiliang Li, Feng Lin, Fangfang Deng and Jing Lin

1 Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident (FDNA) aroused a worldwide anxiety and concern. To understand the transport of the radioactive contaminants released from FDNA in the northwest Pacific, 12 monitoring cruises were performed by the State Oceanic Administration of China from 2011-2016. More than 500 stations were monitored. This paper reports the monitoring results of the 12 cruises and their demonstrated environmental evolutions of 134Cs in seawater and marine organisms. Generally, the level of 134Cs in the seawater decreased with the time, the highest activity of 134Cs decreased from 756Bq/m3 in June of 2011 to 0.92 Bq/m3 in September of 2016. In order to obtain more detail information on the environmental evolutions of 134Cs, the study areas were divided into 4 area, including the open sea area of east of Japan, open sea area of southeast of Japan, open sea area of southeast of Taiwan Island, northeast area of south China Sea and East China Sea. The different variations of 134Cs in these areas were controlled by the complicated physical oceanography characteristic including sub-tropic mode water, Kuroshio Current, meso-scale eddy and their interactions. As for the marine organisms, we analyzed plenty of squid samples and shark samples. The levels of 134Cs in these samples and the variations were obtained. To link the radioactivity pollution to possible harm, the radiation dose was assessed. It revealed that the dose rates absorbed by marine organisms following the release of Fukushima- derived 134Cs were much lower than the ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10 μGy/h. It is no need to worry about the radiation impacts on the marine organisms in the broad Northwest Pacific.

10:00 (MEQ-P-12145) Sediment accretion and carbon sequestration in tidal flat of Liaohe estuary Jinqiu Du1,2, Daoming Guan1,2, Ziwei Yao2, Guangshui Na2, Hui Gao2 and Chuanlin Huo3

1 Department of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Marine Environment Monitoring Center, SOA, Dalian, P.R. China 3 Department of Marine Environmental Protection State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, P.R. China

Estuarine wetland has high sediment accretion rate and carbon sequestration capacity, it plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the coastal zone and the mitigation of climate change. This study focuses on Liaohe estuary, sediment core samples were collected in July 2016 at reed beach and intertidal mudflat, content and distribution of TOC, TC, TN and radionuclides were analyzed, and the effect of vegetation on sediment accretion and carbon sequestration were discussed. The results showed that the content of TOC is higher in reed beach affected by vegetation than that of intertidal mudflat, while their ratios of C/N are basically the same, so they should have the same source of sedimentary organic carbon; the average sediment accretion rate was calculated to be 1.92 cm·a-1 at reed beach by 210Pbex method, and to be 3.67 cm·a-1 at intertidal mudflat; the accumulation rate of sedimentary organic carbon at reed beach surface is 92.9 g·m-2·a-1, while it is 158.9 g·m-2·a-1 at intertidal mudflat surface. In conclusion, sediment accretion rate of intertidal mudflat was significantly higher than that of reed beach, this resulted in that accumulation rate of sedimentary organic carbon in the low TOC content intertidal mudflat to be higher than that of reed beach, thus showing the high sediment accretion rate of estuarine wetland is conductive to the accumulation of sedimentary carbon.

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POC Contributed Paper Session

09:20 (POC-P-12116) Recent reduction of dissolved oxygen in the North-western Pacific and Japan Sea

1 1 1 1 2 2 Dmitry Kaplunenko , Vyacheslav Lobanov , Pavel Tischenko , Sergey Sagalaev , Sho Hibino , Toshiya Nakano , Shi Xuefa3 and Liu Yanguang3

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Japan 3 First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), State Oceanic Administration (SOA), PR China

The recent activity and collaboration of V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) have allowed to obtain high accuracy data on the vertical distribution of oceanographic parameters (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration) in the water basins of Japan Sea (POI and JMA) and the North-western Pacific (POI and FIO). The field work in the Japan Sea were conducted by the R/V Keifu Maru and R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev with two coupled CTD sections covering the central part of the sea and located in Japanese (PM-line transect) and Russian (134E section) EEZs. This work started in the Japan Sea in 2011 as a part of a North East Asian Regional Global Observing System (NEAR- GOOS) activity. The survey in the North-Western Pacific were held by R/VAkademik M.A. Lavrentyev with joint Russian-Chinese cruises, and are part of a project that studies paleo and modern climate of marginal North East Asian seas and North-Western Pacific, started in the 2010. The aim of this study is to characterize the variability of observed parameters during the last 7 years, and to compare our results with other existing data (e.g. eWOCE atlas of Schlitzer, 2000). The calibration equations for CTD-units, obtained during the NEAR-GOOS PM-line execution were applied later in the next cruises of R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev for measurements in the North- Western Pacific. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in both the North-western Pacific and Japan Sea. The most drammatic reduction was observed in the North-western Pacific at the depth over 750 m.

09:40 (POC-P-12174) Evaluation of climatological mean surface winds over the Korean Waters simulated by CORDEX regional climate models Wonkeun Choi1,2, Ho-Jeong Shin1, Chan Joo Jang1,2 and Heeseok Jung1

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

Surface wind over the ocean not only influence climate change through air-sea interactions but also coastal erosion through changes in wave height and direction. A reliable projection of future changes in surface winds is thus important, and it is is necessary to perform an assessment of their representation in climate models that are widely used for future projections. This study aims to evaluate the climatological mean surface winds over the Korean Waters simulated by five Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for East Asia (CORDEX-EA) regional climate models. Compared with the ERA-interim reanalysis data, the CORDEX regional models, except for the HadGEM3-RA model, produce a stronger wind speed over most area of the Korean Waters both in summer and winter. Unlike the other models, HadGEM3-RA, without spectral nudging, underestimates the amplitude of the seasonal mean wind speeds. When examining the wind direction, three out of the five models realistically simulates the observed seasonal reversal of winds (northwesterly in winter and southeasterly in summer) while the other two models show southerly in summer. Our results suggest that large-scale flow information, downscaled to regional models by means of spectral nudging, can significantly affect the surface winds on a regional scale.

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10:00 (POC-P-12252) Timing of unprecedented climate in Korea: A linear projection Ho-Jeong Shin1, Chan Joo Jang1,2 and Il-Ung Chung3

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, R Korea 3 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, R Korea

Recent extreme weather events worldwide combined with the emergence of the highest surface temperatures recorded since the emergence of human life on Earth raise the question if such extreme climate events will occur more frequently and become normal in the future. This study aims at identifying the timing of emergence of a statistically unprecedented climate state over Korea with special focus on its regional footprints. In this study, we use an in-situ observational data from weather stations of annual-mean surface air temperature in Korea from 1973 to 2015 and estimate the timing of unprecedented climate using a linear regression method. Based on the in-situ data, unprecedented climate in Korea is projected to be statistically significant (above the 95% confidence level) by 2043 in Cheongju at first and by 2168 in Haenam at last. The 125-year gap in the timing indicates that a regional difference in the timing of unprecedented climate is considerably large in Korea. Despite the sensitivity of the linear estimation to the data period, our findings of large regional differences in the timing of unprecedented climate can provide insight to develop policies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change, not only to the central government but to provincial governments.

10:20 (POC-P-12319) Regional variation of heat transfer to deep sea during the recent warming hiatus Yong Lin1, Peifu Cong and Shuxi Liu

1 National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (NMEMC), SOA, Dalian, Liaoning, China, PR. E-mail: [email protected]

The heat transfer to the deep sea (HTDS) has been identified as the main driver of the recent warming hiatus in previous studies. However, large inconsistencies exist on the role of the ocean because of biases in model simulations of changes in oceanic heat content (OHC) and problems with the OHC data quality. We propose a novel approach to solve these problems by assuming that the long term changes of HTDS leave an imprint on sea surface temperatures (SST), which are considered to be more reliable. Based on on the rate of change and amplitude of SST, we show that the recent warming hiatus is mainly related to the Southern Hemisphere (SH), especially the tropical latitudes, the Pacific and Indian Oceans rather than theAtlantic Ocean.

11:00 (POC-P-12062) Increasing Pacific decadal variability under greenhouse forcing Giovanni Liguori and Emanuele Di Lorenzo Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Decadal changes in Pacific climate impact long-term transitions in marine ecosystems and influence the statistics of weather including ocean and atmosphere extremes such as strong droughts, hurricanes and marine heatwaves. Using observational analyses of basin-scale sea surface temperatures (SST) we show that the variance of the El Niño-like decadal variability is increasing in the period 1940-2016 by ~30% and its coupling (e.g. lag correlation) with major climate modes of the Pacific is intensifying. The significance of these trends, and their linkto greenhouse forcing, is confirmed by examining an ensemble of 30 simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM-LE) over the period 1920-2100 forced with the RCP8.5 radiative forcing scenario. In the CESM- LE, we find that a significant trend in the strength of the winds-evaporation-SST (WES) thermodynamic feedback leads to an intensification of the low-frequency variance of the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM), which in turn energizes the El Niño-like Pacific decadal variability through its El Niño precursor thermodynamics and dynamics. The stronger SST anomalies associated with the NPMM also reinforce the coupling with El Niño and the climate coupling between tropics and extra-tropics. This suggests that an important fraction of the observed and modeled trends in ENSO variance under greenhouse forcing may be caused by stronger thermodynamics coupling to meridional modes in the North Pacific.

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11:20 (POC-P-12115) The influence of seasonal upwelling and downwelling on a coastal fjord: An example from Rivers Inlet, Canada from 1951 to 2017 Jennifer M. Jackson1, Brian P.V. Hunt1,2 and Frank Whitney3

1 Hakai Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada

Rivers Inlet is a 45 km long, 3 km wide fjord situated in British Columbia’s mainland central coast. At the surface, the circulation of Rivers Inlet is dominated by estuarine and atmospheric forcing (Hodal, 2011). Once home to the second largest sockeye salmon run in British Columbia, salmon stocks crashed in 1999 to less than 1% of their historical level and have shown few signs of recovery. Physical (temperature, salinity, and oxygen) data have been collected in Rivers Inlet since 1951 and biological data (chlorophyll, zooplankton, nutrients, etc.) have been collected since about 2000. From 2008 to 2010 and from 2013 to present, the University of British Columbia and the Hakai Institute have been collecting year-round data in Rivers Inlet, with about 10-15 cruises per year. Here we examine this 66 year physical dataset in the context of seasonal upwelling and downwelling to understand i) the seasonal cycle, ii) interannual variability, and iii) climatic scale changes.

11:40 (POC-P-12324) (Cancelled) Simulation of river runoff in Siberia and the propagation of this fresh water in the Arctic Viktor Kuzin, Gennady Platov and Natalya Lapteva Institute of Numerical Mathematics & Mathematical Geophysics Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The temporal variability of river runoff is modeled for eleven Siberia rivers: Ob, Taz, Pur, Yenisei, Khatanga, Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma. The model is a linear model of reservoirs with the surface, underground and river runoffs. Conditions of runoff formation were verified based on the results of the reanalysis. For comparison, we examined data from GMAO MERRA. The results show an increase in runoff for the last decades, which is consistent with observations. We also examine changes during the 21st century using output of ten selected models from the CMIP5 under the radiative scenario RCP8.5. In the numerical experiments, we find differences between individual models, however, the overall tendency across models exhibits a positive trend in runoff. The spread of the Siberian river runoff water masses in Arctic was examined with a model of the ocean and the sea-ice of the Arctic Ocean. The simulation results, based on calculated transport of Siberian rivers, for six IPCC models were compared with the results, obtained using mean climatological seasonal variation of their runoff. The specifics of how river water anomalies propagate in the Arctic Ocean have been studied. It is shown that river water plays an important role in regulating the fresh water balance in the Arctic. Significant changes of the balance is linked to changes in the sign of the Arctic Ocean Oscillation index.

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12:00 (POC-P-12121) Characterizing the shelf ecosystem status using heat, momentum, and energy fluxes in the near-bottom layers over the continental shelf Vadim Navrotsky, Valeriy Liapidevskii, Elena Pavlova and Fedor Chrapchenkov V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Geographically and physically the continental shelf is the boundary between the coastal zone and the open ocean. It is the site of the most active physical, chemical, biological, and bio-geomorphologic interactions between land and ocean, thus controlling key ecological processes that are societally relevant (e.g. ocean productivity). The goal of this study is to examine the effects of hydrodynamic processes on the state of shelf ecosystems. One of the main controlling factor for biological processes and the oceanic food web is the supply of nutrients, which in shelf regions is realized mainly through land discharges and near-bottom dynamic processes that lead to re-suspension and mixing of bottom nutrient-rich sediments. Results from experiments carried out in the shelf zone of the Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan, show that fluxes of heat, momentum, and energy in the near-bottom layers exhibit important seasonal differences. During the warm period, stratification internal wave motion are much greater that during the cold season, which is characterized by homogeneous vertical structure. Corresponding differences in spatial structure of chlorophyll concentration, which we use as an indicator of the ecosystem state, are discussed.

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W1: MONITOR/TCODE Workshop The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating the arctic II: Interna- tional interdisciplinary collaboration September 23

09:10 (W1-12257) Invited Flow of pacific water in the Chukchi Sea: Results from RUSALCA expeditions Maria N. Pisareva1, Robert S. Pickart2, Michael A. Spall2, G.W. Kent Moore3, Katrin Iken4, Elizaveta A. Ershova1,4,6, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier5, Lee W. Cooper5, Bodil A. Bluhm4,6, Russell R. Hopcroft4, Carin J. Ashjian2 and Ksenia N. Kosobokova1

1 P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA 3 University of Toronto, ON, Canada 4 University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA 5 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA 6 UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

Chukchi Sea is an important transition zone for the Pacific-origin water that flows northward through Bering Strait and influences the interior Arctic Ocean. As it carries large amounts of freshwater and heat and is also a significant source of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton to the region, it is crucial to study its properties and transformation on the Chukchi shelf. Here we present results from three shipboard biophysical surveys in 2004, 2009 and 2012, that sampled both the US and Russian sides of the Chukchi shelf as part of international interdisciplinary collaboration - RUSALCA program, complimented with various atmospheric and biological fields. The hydrographic characteristics and pathways of Pacific-origin water masses as well as their relation to the patterns of benthic fauna and zooplankton are investigated. In some respects the spatial distributions of these water masses are as would be expected based on information from the historical World Ocean Database, but there were significant differences. Most notably, twice the warm fresh Alaskan coastal water was diverted from its normal coastal pathway northwestward through Herald Canyon and in September 2009 the two main summer waters entering the Chukchi Sea were transposed in Bering Strait. It is argued that this was the result of atmospheric forcing. The flow speed map is constructed based on hydrographic data, while patterns of benthic fauna coincide with different flow regimes. For the most part, benthic epifaunal and macrofaunal suspension feeders are found in high flow regimes, while deposit feeders are located in regions of weaker flow.

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09:30 (W1-12221) Modeling the sympagic-pelagic-benthic coupling processes in the St. Lawrence Island Polynya region, northern Bering Sea Zhixuan Feng1, Rubao Ji1, Carin J. Ashjian1, Jinlun Zhang2, Robert G. Campbell3 and Jacqueline M. Grebmeier4

1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3 University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA 4 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA

The Pacific Arctic Ocean is experiencing significant changes in atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean that may alter the marine ecosystem. The St. Lawrence Island Polynya (SLIP) region in the northern Bering Sea is one of the major biological hotspots. The highly productive benthic communities provide abundant prey for benthic-feeding mammals and seabirds, particularly the endangered spectacled eiders. Yet, major ecosystem shifts are occurring in the SLIP region, such as the observed declining trend in the percent biomass of the medium-sized nuculanid bivalves. Historical hydrographic and biogeochemical measurements and ice-ocean-ecosystem model outcomes are synthesized to elucidate the relationships between wind, sea ice, hydrography, nutrients, and production processes in this high-latitude continental shelf system. The model captures the annual cycles and seasonal patterns of the water column physical structure, nutrients, and primary production, and export production. In the wintertime, the mixing process brings high nutrients from the bottom water to the surface. A spring bloom occurs when light becomes available for photosynthesis and is typically associated with the formation of wind- driven polynyas. In the summertime, a two-layered water column is built up mainly due to thermal stratification. Nitrate and ammonium are gradually depleted in the surface water and concurrent high zooplankton grazing results in low phytoplankton standing stock. Meanwhile, nutrients are accumulated in the bottom water due to benthic remineralization. With later ice advance in recent years, a fall bloom may become more prevalent. The analyses of bottom-up forcing and sympagic-pelagic-pelagic coupling will facilitate the prediction of the persistence or relocation of benthic hotspots and also the development of management strategies to mitigate detrimental effects from climate change in the Pacific Arctic Ocean.

104 PICES-2017 W2

W2: HD Workshop Coastal ecosystem services in the North Pacific and analytical tools/methodologies for their assessment September 22

14:00 (W2-12249) Invited Integrating the value of marine ecosystem services into decision making: A case study of Xiamen, China Benrong Peng College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, A 107, Huansheng Bld., Xiangan Campus, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

Wellbeing of coastal communities and toward sustainable development are vitally dependent on the goods and services provided by the marine ecosystems. But while demands for the marine ecosystem services such as food and raw materials and ocean space are growing, human actions are diminishing the capability of many marine ecosystems to provide these services, which jeopardize the sustainable development of coastal communities with high density population. Valuing the marine ecosystem services and integrating these values into decision-making are effective and efficient approach to balance the economic development and coastal ecosystem conservation. This study presented some concrete examples of integrating marine ecosystem services’ value into decision- making in Xiamen, including regional development and environmental protection programme, coastal reclamation planning, and internalizing the externality of human activities through ecological damage compensation. This presentation also discussed the role of scientist in instilling value of ecosystem services, and providing the support for the decision making related to the coastal development and protection.

14:30 (W2-12082) Valuing the loss of ecological benefits of wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay based on choice experiments Jingmei Li and Qi Chen School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

This paper aims to evaluate the loss of ecological benefits ,caused by wetland reclamation, based on choice experiment method in Jiaozhou bay .By reviewing literature and consulting experts, we divide the wetland restoration attributes into four parts: wetland area, vegetation cover rate, water quality and biodiversity in the wetland. By sampling 293 residents in Jiaozhou bay at random, also evaluate the willingness to pay about different wetland restoration attributes in Jiaozhou bay: the willingness to pay is RMB 321.78 per year in order to restore each attribute to the baseline level. Then we can figure out that the loss of ecological benefits caused by wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay is RMB 767 million per year. The result further shows that the change of wetland area is the first most important concern of local residents, while the improvement of water quality is the second most important concern. Therefore, the government should make a proper restoration policy in which enlarging the wetland area should be the key point. Key words: Loss of Ecological services; Reclamation; Choice experiments; Willingness to pay; Jiaozhou Bay

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15:00 (W2-12233) Marine ecosystem services assessment methods Shang Chen, Wei Liu, Tao Xia and Linghua Hao Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

Concepts and assessment frameworks of marine ecosystem services are developed. The marine ecosystem services includes four groups of services, i.e. the provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. Provisioning services are material products provided by marine ecosystem, including food production, raw material production, oxygen production and genetic resources provision. Regulating services are the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, including climate regulation, waste treatment, disturbance regulation and biological control. Cultural services are the nonphysical benefits obtained from ecosystems, including: leisure and recreational activities, scientific services, cultural activities. Supporting services are those that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services, including primary production, nutrient cycling and biodiversity maintenance. They are different from provisioning, regulating and cultural services in that their impacts on people are often indirect or occur over a very long time. The procedures and methods for identification, quantification and monetization of marine ecosystem services are established. Moreover the procedure for mapping and overlap of spatial distribution map of the value of each services are established too. Keywords: marine ecosystem services; assessment; value; methods.

15:50 (W2-12127) What influences people’s value of marine ecosystem services: A case study of Japan Kazumi Wakita1, Hisashi Kurokura2, Taro Oishi3, Zhonghua Shen4 and Ken Furuya2

1 Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 3 Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan 4 LDWC International Business Support Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Marine ecosystem services are crucial to sustain people’s lives, and how to sustain its healthy ecosystem is one of the major policy agenda for all countries. Understanding people’s value of marine ecosystem services and their motivation for conservation is an important first step towards successful conservation of marine ecosystem services. This study takes interdisciplinary approach that combines environmental economics and social psychology in examining relationships between people’s value of marine ecosystem services and factors which influence their value, using a questionnaire conducted to receive 945 responses from residents in Japan.The analysis reveals that the groups of respondents with a higher WTP to conserve marine ecosystem services have higher public spirit and stronger connections with other people and invisible things such as spirits. On the other hand, the groups of free riders who have no WTP to conserve marine ecosystem services have lower public spirit and weaker connections with others, both humans and non-humans. The percentage of free riders were 17%, whereas that of positive payers were 14%. People’s degree of support for theory of global warming caused by increase of carbon dioxide and that for future forecast of increase of carbon dioxide do not seem to influence their WTP. Considering that scenario provided to the respondents was about status of marine ecosystem services in 100 years later, the respondents’ WTP is interpreted as representing a kind of people’s altruism.

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16:15 (W2-12177) Development of a relative coastal vulnerability index for climate change adaptation and environmental changes in the North Pacific coastal zone Meenu Rani1 and Pavan Kumar2

1 G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Koshi, India E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Remote Sensing, Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: [email protected]

The degree to which society is potentially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change can be expressed through an assessment of either the biophysical (external) or social (intemal) elements at risk. The research work has utilized Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for assessing vulnerability of the Trivandrum coast, India due to predicted sea level rise. Multi-sensor satellite data has been interpreted using on-screen visual interpretation techniques to generate coastal thematic information followed by ground truth data collection and validation. Geospatial models for carrying out regional coastal vulnerability assessment of the entire Trivandrum coast. A new approach of integrating physical variable has been developed and demonstrated in GIS environment. Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) has been computed for entire Trivandrum coast based on integration of eight physical variables, those are: relative sea level, coastal geomorphology, regional elevation and coastal slope, rate of shoreline change, coastal accretion and erosion, significant wave height, land use land cover and suspended sediment concentration in GIS environment. The results show that 42 % of the Trivandrum coast is under high to very high risk category and 54 % of the Trivandrum coast is under Moderate to Low risk category due to the threat of predicted sea level rise. The area under very high risk category is along north-western part of the Trivandrum coast and the area under high risk category is in southern part of the coast. The integration of eight physical variables have made it possible to assess the coastal vulnerability more realistic for prioritizing the coastal segments for planning remedial actions while preparing integrated coastal zone management plans. The major parameters affecting vulnerability are dynamic of sea level, slope and coastal erosion. Sea level rise is a realistic approach with the coastline geometry. Obviously, sea level change solely affects the configuration of the coastal areas other factors and also play a major role in hammering the west coastal environment of Trivandrum. Therefore, the analysis of coastal vulnerability to sea level rise has many advantageous sights. The vulnerability analysis provides valuable information that helps to priories major issues which need to be addressed. Keyword: CVI, Relative sea level, Climate change, Geospatial modeling, Vulnerability analysis

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W3: FIS Workshop Linking oceanographic conditions to the distribution and productivity of highly migratory species and incorporation into fishery stock assessment models September 22

09:00 (W3) Invited Challenge and opportunity for fisheries stock assessment in changing environments Yong Chen School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. Email: [email protected]

The complex, nonlinear and dynamic human-natural interactions in fisheries hinder full understanding of fisheries population dynamics, causing management decisions to be made in the face of large uncertainty. Climate change has further increased the level of complexity and uncertainty in ecosystems. As a result, we are often unsure of fish population dynamics and possible consequences from management regulations. To reduce the likelihood of unintended damages to marine ecosystems, we need to reduce the uncertainty associated with our understanding of dynamics of target fish populations and their ecosystems. In this presentation, I will discuss possible challenges facing fisheries stock assessment in changing environments and identify some of the opportunities we have to improve our understanding of fisheries dynamics. In particular, I will discuss the use of environmental data to improve stock assessment. Drawing from research conducted in previous studies, I will show how we can identify research avenues to address some of the challenges facing fisheries stock assessment in an uncertain climate.

09:40 (W3-12231) Consequences of environmentally driven uncertainty in productivity for management of North Pacific Albacore tuna Desiree Tommasi1, Barbara Muhling1, Steven Teo2 and Gerard Di Nardo2

1 University of California Santa Cruz and NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Changes in ocean conditions are known to affect the productivity (recruitment, growth, survival) of many valuable marine fish, including highly migratory species like Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). Both climate variability and change are expected to alter North Pacific Albacore tuna (NPALB) productivity, with implications for fisheries management. To maintain resilience of the NPALB population under climate change and limit sociological and economics impacts, future fishery management advice needs to be robust to uncertainty in productivity. Here we outline a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework based on the Stock Synthesis software and designed to assess the consequences of uncertainty in NPALB productivity for achieving NPALB management objectives. We show preliminary results highlighting how temperature-driven, time-varying growth and non-stationarity in the stock-recruitment relationship affect NPALB management performance metrics in the context of future climate projections.

108 PICES-2017 W3

10:05 (W3-12198) Dynamic ocean management applications for the Drift Gillnet fishery in the California Current Elliott L. Hazen1,2, Kylie L. Scales1,2, Heather Welch1,2, Dana K. Briscoe2,3, Steven J. Bograd1,2, Heidi Dewar4, Suzy Kohin4, Scott Benson4, Tomo Eguchi4, Larry B. Crowder3, Rebecca Lewison5 and Sara Maxwell6

1 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, 99 Pacific St. #255, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 UC Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology/Institute of Marine Sciences, 100 Shaffer St., Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA 3 Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA 4 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA 5 San Diego State University, Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA 6 Old Dominion University, Department of Biology, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

Managing for economic and ecological sustainability in marine fisheries often requires novel approaches. Current spatial management approaches use large-scale seasonal closures to avoid bycatch, but here we present an ecoinformatic tool termed dynamic ocean management that provides management targets aligned with ocean features in space and time. Such targeted management approaches require mechanistic or statistical models of how distribution and likelihood of catch varies with the oceanic environment. Data on top predators are often sparse and collected using multiple platforms, e.g. fisheries catch, fisheries independent surveys, and telemetry studies, an approach that synthesizes across data type would provide a more holistic understanding than a single approach alone. Here we explore the California Drift Gillnet fishery that targets swordfish, thresher shark, and mako shark, but also catches a number of species as bycatch including but not limited to sea lions, sea turtles, and blue sharks. This tool is built in R Shiny and uses habitat models and risk weightings to estimate catch / bycatch ratios as a function of management concern in near time. Anomalous ocean conditions such as recent marine heatwaves can change species distribution patterns, thus we can use this tool to examine how predicted patterns in catch and bycatch change. Dynamic ocean management approaches could be applied to other migratory species for which data are available, and this example emphasizes the utility in integrating multiple data types for marine conservation and management.

10:50 (W3-12093) Optimal harvest strategies of sandfish based on a stage-structured model in the East Sea Giphil Cho1, Sukgeun Jung2 and Il Hyo Jung1

1 Pusan National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea

We propose optimal harvest strategies using a stage-structured fishery model with impulsive system. The economical objective is to maximize the profit of fishing in fisheries management. Fishing effort used to harvest is used as a control to investigate the optimal utilization of the resource in economic sense. We analyze the economical optimal harvest strategy of sandfish caused by monthly price change. The optimal control problem is solved numerically using forward backward sweep method. Simulation results show the difference of the harvest strategies of the sandfish with and without considering monthly price. We expect that maximum sustainable yield of the sandfish can be increased by approximately 13.5% due to the optimal harvest strategies. The parameters of reproduction rate and growth equation of the sandfish in the model were derived from data of otolith and gonad analyses of female sandfish collected from 2005 to 2008. And we estimated the age-specific natural mortality of the sandfish assuming natural mortality as an inverse function of total length.

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11:15 (W3-12105) Differences in biological characteristics of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) between the East and the Yellow Sea, Korea Kyunghwan Lee and Sukgeun Jung College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is one of the important commercial fish in the western North Pacific. In the Korean waters, habitats of Pacific cod are largely divided into the Yellow and the East Sea. To compare the growth and maturation characteristics of Pacific cod between the two seas, a total of 261, 322 cod samples were collected in the East Sea from January to December 2003, January to February 2007, and 682 samples in the Yellow Sea from January to December 2007. The regional differences in von Bertalanffy growth equation were compared by Kimura’s likelihood ratio test and Wald test. The probability of spawning by adult cod was estimated by logistic regression equation. Significant regional differences were detected in 1) relationship of total length and body weight 2) von Bertalanffy growth equation and 3) median maturity length. The East Sea cod showed a higher growth rate than the Yellow Sea cod and female cod showed a higher growth rate than male cod. The estimated median maturity lengths suggested that the Yellow Sea cod (male: 2.3 yr, female: 2.6 yr) matured earlier than the East Sea cod (male: 3.9 yr, female: 4 yr) for the both sexes. We hypothesized that these differences in growth and maturation of cod are attributed to the regional differences in the marine environment between the two seas.

11:40 (W3-12143) Individual-based model of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) covering from larval to adult stages to project climate-driven changes in their spatial distribution in the western North Pacific Sukgeun Jung College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

I projected the effects of warming ocean on the transport, recruitment and spatial distribution of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicas) covering from the larval to the adult stages up to age 3 yr by developing and applying individual-based models (IBM) based on a regional ocean circulation model for the western North Pacific and a biological model for predicting the growth-dependent mortality and the passive and active movement of mackerel. Under two climate change scenarios, my IBMs tentatively suggested that the larval and juvenile mackerel in the Korea Strait, the Japanese coastal areas and the Kuroshio extension areas are mostly transported from the East China Sea where they were hatched. Despite the greater uncertainty, the preliminary results of my IBMs projected that, by the 2050s, the strengthened Tsushima warm current in the Korea Strait and the East Sea, driven by global warming, will shift the young-of-the-year mackerel biomass distribution north to the East Sea, and adult mackerel biomass north, especially in the Yellow Sea. To improve the model performance, international cooperative researches among the regional countries are required, especially for extensive ichthyoplankton surveys in the East China Sea.

110 PICES-2017 W3

12:05 (W3-12053) Oceanographic influences on the spawning and recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna Barbara A. Muhling1,2, Desiree Tommasi1,2 and Gerard DiNardo2

1 Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) migrate throughout most of the North Pacific ocean, and are occasionally found as far south as New Zealand. Despite this very broad range, they are only known to spawn in two small areas in the western North Pacific: the Taiwan and Nansei Islands area during boreal spring, and the Sea of Japan during summer. As a result, environmentally-driven variation in larval survival within these small spatiotemporal windows can determine annual recruitment strength for the entire population. In this study, we show how basin- scale processes influence each spawning ground differently, and how distinct oceanographic temperature regimes are linked to recruitment variability. We also consider the potential mechanisms driving spawning season length, and suitability of oceanographic conditions for larval survival. The potential predictability of annual recruitment strength using forecast models is also briefly discussed.

12:30 (W3-12247) Development of methodology for analyses of larval ambient water temperature of Pacific bluefin tuna using SIMS Yulina V. Hane1, Shingo Kimura1, Yusuke Yokoyama1, Yosuke Miyairi1 and Takayuki Ushikubo2

1 The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, Nankoku, Japan

Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, is among the most commercially valuable species in Japan. Their primary spawning grounds are located in the waters off eastern Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands in the south of Japan and in the Sea of Japan with spawning temperature to be approximately 26–27°C and 24°C respectively. However, recent seawater temperature rise due to the climate change may be causing their spawning grounds to be shifted northward, possibly leading to declining survival rates of larvae and juveniles. Otolith oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) is a proxy for estimating water temperature experienced by fish. Previous study has proposed an equation for estimating water temperature experienced at the larval stage from PBT otolith δ18O using bulk samples with isotope ratio mass spectrometry, though specific temperature experienced by larvae has not been revealed due to their small size. This study investigates temporal changes in spawning temperature by analyzing otolith core δ18O of giant PBT caught off the waters around Japan. The SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques, a high sensitive surface analytical method with a spatial resolution of sub-µm to 10µm, will be used to measure δ18O of otolith core. As obtaining stable beam of δ18O strongly depends on the surface condition and chemical composition of samples, it is crucial to establish a sample preparation protocol before SIMS measurement to assures the data quality. This talk introduces our recent efforts in developing the preparation protocol to obtain a mirror-surfaced thin section containing multiple otolith cores for the SIMS analysis.

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HAB-S Meeting September 23

11:15 (HAB-S-11989) 2016 Red Tide in China Hao Guo, Dongmei Li, Yubo Liang and Chunjiang Guan National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

About 68 events of marine red tides with an affected area of 7,500 km2 were witnessed along Chinese coastline. The occurrences and affected area of red tides were markedly increased compared with a year earlier. The bloom threshold concentrated during April to August. The sea areas where the marine red tides occurred frequently were mainly distributed in East China Sea, about 37 red tide events with an affected area of 5,700 km2. The most cases of blooms caused by Noctiluca scintillans. A new record red-tide-species, Gyrodinium impudicum, break out in Bohai Sea from 27th, Aug. to 29th, Sep. In addition, the distribution area of green tide, E. Prolifera, is the largest in recent 5 years.

14:00 (HAB-S-12333) (July 27, updated, after accepted edits) An analysis of dynamic factors influencing the 2013 giant jellyfish bloom near Qinhuangdao in the Bohai Sea, China1* Lingjuan Wu1, Jia Wang2, Song Gao1, Xiangrong Zheng3, and Rui Huang1

1 North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA 3 Hebei Ocean & Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, 066200, China

The explosive growth of Nemopilema nomurai occurred near the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in July 2013. However, it did not take place in 2012. In this paper, the dynamic factors of wind, ocean currents, and sea temperature on the giant jellyfish bloom in 2013 are analyzed more comprehensively than in the past. The numerical experiments are based on a trajectory model of the jellyfish particles, which are released into the waters from Feiyan Shoal to mount of the New Yellow River , speculated as the most likely remote source of the Qinhuangdao jellyfish bloom. The results show that in surface layer, the jellyfish drift is jointly driven by the surface winds and surface currents. In the northeastern Bohai Bay, the giant jellyfish moved northwestward in the surface layer with a westward wind and current anomalies during the second half of May 2013. This bloom approached the south of Jingtang Port by early June, and accumulated near Qinhuangdao in early July. The scenario in 2012 during the same period was quite different. The simulated jellyfish particles influenced by waters near Qinhuangdao decreased with depth and there were few(no) particles influencingQinhuangdao in the middle (bottom) layer due to weak anticyclonic residual circulation in Bohai Bay. The sea temperature of potential jellyfish source waters was more suitable in 2012 for a jellyfish bloom than in 2013, but only if there was adequate jellyfish prey present. Hence, the specified direction of wind and current pattern in the Bohai Sea in the surface layer (especially in the northeastern Bohai Bay during the second half of May) was more important for the initiation of jellyfish bloom near Qinhuangdao than sea temperature in that source region. Keywords: Giant jellyfish; bloom; Qinhuangdao; dynamical factors, Bohai Sea

112 PICES-2017 HAB-S

14:25 (HAB-S-12043) Ultrastructure and phylogenetic position of a kareniacean dinoflagellate collected from Japanese coast Mitsunori Iwataki1, Kazuya Takahashi1, Wai Mun Lum1 and Yasuwo Fukuyo2

1 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tokai University, Shimizu, Japan

The unarmored dinoflagellates of the family Kareniaceae are mainly composed of the generaKarenia , Karlodinium and Takayama, and some of the members are responsible for fish killing red tides. We examined morphology and phylogeny of a small unarmored dinoflagellate isolated from Japanese coast, based on SEM, TEM and molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA sequences. The species has the small epicone, and chloroplasts mainly situated in the large hypocone. The straight apical groove could be observed under SEM. TEM revealed the typical organelles of dinoflagellates, i.e., a dinokaryotic nucleus located in the hypocone, mitochondria with tubular cristae, and trichocysts. Chloroplasts contain three appressed thylakoids and stalked pyrenoids surrounded by a starch sheath without any insertion in the matrix. An eyespot, located at the sulcal region and containing a single layer of osmiophilic globules is the characteristic feature, which has not been reported from any kareniacean dinoflagellates. Molecular phylogeny showed the small species is positioned in the family Kareniaceae, but not closely related to the clades of well-known genera, Karenia, Karlodinium and Takayama.

14:50 (HAB-S-12224) An under-ice phytoplankton blooms in Peter the Great Bay: Are they controlled by environmental factors? Tatiana Y. Orlova1, Polina A. Kameneva1, Vladimir M. Shulkin2 and Alexander Lazaryuk3

1 National Center on Marine Biology FEBRAS, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pacific Geographical Institute FEBRAS, Vladivostok, Russia 3 Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia

Long freezing time (3-3.5 months) is a peculiarity of Peter the Great Bay, East/Japan Sea situated as south as at 42N. Phytoplankton bloom under ice is also feature of this area discovered more than 30 years ago. Diatoms were the dominant species of winter blooms at that time. According to the last two decades observation at the Peter the Great Bay some shift in the winter blooms timing and composition of the phytoplankton community was registered though exact reasons of it are not revealed. This talk will present the results on be-weekly variability of the phytoplankton and hydrochemical characteristics at winter time in the inner part of the Peter the Great Bay in 2009-2016. Relationship of phytoplankton`s composition and biomass with hydrological conditions during and before winter blooms was studied. The freezing process controls the dynamic of diatom phytoplankton growth under ice in the middle of winter through the support of vertical advection. End of freezing in March leads to the blooms of non-diatom phytoplankton with significant accompanying hydrochemical anomalies due to destruction of produced biomass. Possible reasons of the phytoplankton community composition and biomass variability in the inner part of Peter the Great Bay coastal area in winter will be discussed.

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W4: MEQ Workshop Long-term changes in HAB occurrences in PICES nations; the Eastern vs. Western Pacific September 22

09:00 (W4-12283) Invited Long-term monitoring of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense and environmental factors in Osaka Bay, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan: History of invasion and expansion of toxic blooms Keigo Yamamoto1 and Ichiro Imai 2

1 Marine Fisheries Research Center, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Tanigawa, Tanagawa, Misaki-cho, Osaka 599-0311, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan

The expansion of the toxic blooms by the dinoflagellateAlexandrium tamarense in Osaka Bay, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, was examined by monitoring at 13 or 20 sampling stations from 2002 to 2016, together with long- term monitoring of environmental factors from 1975 to 2016. In Osaka Bay, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) was first detected from bivalves in the spring of 2002. Since then, the occurrences of A. tamarense blooms and the resultant PSP contamination of bivalves have been observed every year. A. tamarense blooms were mainly observed from March to May in Osaka Bay, at a temperature of 15 °C or lower and the salinity approximately 30. High cell densities were observed at lower nutrient conditions, especially low phosphate. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) declined from the 1980s, as a long-term trend, and the decreasing trend became conspicuous since the 2000s. Phosphate drastically declined until the 1990s, thereafter it is kept at a low level. A. tamarense blooms in Osaka Bay increased in scale from the 2000s and thereafter. Long-term trends in the dynamics of A. tamarense populations were considered to be negatively related to both the concentration of DIN and the cell densities of the dominant diatoms in Osaka Bay. Seasonal blooms of A. tamarense in Osaka Bay are considered to be induced by declines in phosphate concentrations. However, the long-term expansion of A. tamarense appears to be related to a declining trend in DIN concentrations and subsequent decrease in spring blooms of the dominant diatoms, especially of Skeletonema spp.

09:45 (W4-12122) Invited Observed climatic and oceanographic variations related to harmful algal blooms: Comparisons between the western and eastern North Pacific Nicholas A. Bond Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, P.O. Box 354925, Seattle, WA, 98195-4925, USA E-mail: [email protected]

The North Pacific Ocean features considerable variability in physical conditions on time scales of months to decades. A notable recent example is represented by the northeast Pacific marine heat wave of 2014-16, which has been implicated in a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of unprecedented scope and intensity along the west coast of North America. The present study uses atmospheric and oceanic reanalyses to document the character of major climate and oceanographic events, and long-term trends, along the western and eastern margins of the North Pacific Ocean during the last ~50 years. The focus is on physical environmental variables known or suspected to be related to HABs. The objective is to help establish the extent to which particulars in the climate forcing and upper ocean response can be linked to the presence (or absence) and severity of HAB outbreaks in the historical record.

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10:50 (W4-12083) Trends of HAB occurrences and related environmental parameters in the NOWPAP region Takafumi Yoshida and Genki Terauchi CEARAC (Special Monitoring and Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional Activity Centre), NOWPAP (Northwest Pacific Action Plan), 5-5 Ushijimashin-machi, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0856, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

NOWPAP CEARAC published the first Integrated Report on Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) for the NOWPAP Region in 2005 and the second Integrated Report in 2011 in order to share information on HAB occurrences among the four NOWPAP member states (China, Japan, Korea and Russia). In these reports, information on HAB occurrences is available from 1990s to 2008 even though the exact periods of data are different among the member states. According to the collected data, 50–60 HAB events were observed every year in the NOWPAP region; however, there was no clear trend on HAB occurrences. In 2010, CEARAC started an activity on assessment of the eutrophication status in the NOWPAP region. At first, parameters that indicate the degree and direct and indirect effects of nutrient enrichment were collected for the assessment, and ‘the number of red tide events’ was included as one parameter. In addition, in the 2014-2015 biennium, CEARAC carried out trial application of the screening procedure of the NOWPAP Common Procedure for eutrophication assessment and collected long term data on three parameters (COD, red tide and hypoxia events, and satellite derived chlorophyll-a concentration) in the NOWPAP region. Relationship between HAB occurrences and environmental conditions were being studied.

11:10 (W4-12170) Temporal changes in Cochlodinium polykrikoides ribotypes and environmental factors in Korean coastal waters Tae-Gyu Park and Weol-Ae Lim National Institute of Fisheries Science, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

We surveyed temporal changes in C. polykrikoides blooms and environmental factors (temperature, salinity and inorganic nutrients) from 2010 to 2016. Temporal changes in ribotypes of C. polykrikoides for the last 10 years were also surveyed using ribotype specific real-time PCR. C. polykrikoides blooms mostly initiated offshore (30 to 50 meters in depth) and were advected inshore by coastal currents. Whereas the blooms have not occurred in closed bay in Korea. The blooms occurred in 2012 to 2015 at 500-15,000 cells mL-1 whereas did not occurred in 2010, 2011 and 2016. We compared environmental factors between bloom occurring years and non-bloom years. There were no significant differences in temperature and inorganic nutrients between bloom (average 23.25±1.78°C, DIN 0.032±0.023 mg L-1) and non-bloom years (average 23.3±2.28°C, DIN 0.039±0.024 mg L-1). The blooms tend to occur at high salinity waters (salinity 32-34) but occurred at low salinity (30.63-31.18) in 2014 at maximum cell density of 2000 cells mL-1. Two ribotypes were detected by real-time PCR during 2007 to 2016. East Asian type was detected in every year, whereas Philippines type was detected in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2016. The cell density of East Asian type occupied more than 99% compared with Philippines type. The blooms lasted average 20 days when Philippines type was detected, whereas the blooms lasted average 54 days when East Asian type was only detected.

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11:30 (W4-12264) Can large scale of Karenia blooms in China coastal waters be linked to climate (weather) signals? Douding Lu1, Xinfeng Dai1, Pengbin Wang1, Ping Xia1 and Weibing Guan1, Haiyan Huang2 and Leo Chan3

1 Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, PR China. Email: [email protected] 2 National Marine Date and Information Service, Tianjin , 300171, PR China 3 State Key Lab of Marine Pollution, City University of HongKong, PR China

Karenia mikimotoi bloom was first recorded in HongKong waters 1980 in China. The second record was probably in Xiamen Harbor, 1986. However, over 120 blooms caused by this species occurred in China coastal waters since 1998. Particularly, the massive bloom of K. mikimotoi in the South China Sea in 1998, 2016 and in the East China Sea in 2005, 2012 resulted in the heavy loss of fish and shellfish farming industry. These four large scale HAB events seemed corresponding to climate, El Nino, signal. Generally, there is more rainfall in the east and south coastal areas in China during El Nino years. Air and sea water temperature in winter time are lower than the mean level. Our results show that water temperature in March 2005, 2012 was obviously lower than that of normal years in Zhejiang and Fujian coastal sea especially in nearshore region of coastal waters compared to the same period of other years. Special meteorological and sea conditions (low air temperature and strong northern monsoon, more rainfall and feeblish Taiwan Warm Current) were observed from January to March. Warming rate of temperature was relatively fast in April and May. These special conditions might provide a well physical, biological and chemical environment for the growth of K. mikimotoi to compete with other species. In the case of 2005, K. mikimotoi became dominant late April in an offshore subsurface layer after a diatom bloom. This led to the development of the first large-scale bloom of K. mikimotoi recorded in the ECS which caused severe damage to farmed caged fish in inshore waters in late May and early June. There is a strong need to better identify long- term trends for this HAB organism in the context of climate change pressures.

11:50 (W4-12205) Long-term trend of harmful algal blooms and environmental factors in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan Tetsuya Nishikawa1, Ichiro Imai2 and Setsuko Sakamoto3

1 Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan 2 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan 3 Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hiroshima, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

The Seto Inland Sea is the largest enclosed coastal sea in Japan and is also a major fishing ground including aquacultures of fishes, bivalves and seaweeds. In 1960s and 1970s, red tide incident had markedly increased in frequency and scale with serious eutrophication in the sea, and the maximum 299 incidents per year was recorded in 1976. In 1973, governmental regulations regarding eutrophication was enforced based on laws, then the red tide incident decreased around 100 incidents per year with decreasing DIN from about 10 µM in the 1970s to ~5 µM in the late 1990s to the present, and large scale of red tide reduced. In Harima-Nada, eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, a long-term monitoring of raphidophyte Chattonella spp. has been carried out from 1973, along with environmental factors and other phytoplankton compositions. The data shows that nutrient levels exhibited a decreasing trend and it is thought that Chattonella cannot form large-scale bloomings under the present conditions. In addition, after the mid 1990s, the occurrence period of Chattonella cells have been several weeks earlier than that of the 1970s and early 1980s, and Chattonella blooms have peaked at the time of rainy season mainly in early July. Due to the earlier occurrence, the bloom frequency has increased in the northern coastal area of Harima- Nada, where most of the large-rivers discharge into Harima-Nada, although the cell density and the spatial scale of the distribution have become lower and smaller than those in the 1970s and early 1980s.

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12:10 (W4-12294) Decadal time series tell a story about climate and HABs S. Morgaine McKibben1, Angelique E. White2, William P. Cochlan3 and Vera L. Trainer4

1 San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA 3 San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA 4 Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA

In 2015, a massive bloom of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, stretching from central California to northern British Columbia, resulted in severe damage to coastal resources and marine life. It is the largest bloom in at least the past 15 years, and concentrations of the toxin, domoic acid, in seawater, some forage fish, and crab samples were the highest ever reported for this region. Marine mammal and bird mortalities were reported in multiple states, with domoic acid poisoning the cause of impaired health or a strong contributing factor to compromised marine animal health. While domoic acid events have been reported on the U.S. west coast since 1991, it has been difficult to determine the environmental controls promoting the most severe events until now, after more than 2 decades of data are available for analysis. These data show that the most severe domoic acid events coincide with or follow anomalously warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index as well as the 2015 warm anomaly, known colloquially as the Blob. These decade-long datasets illustrate the need to the assess environmental conditions prior to as well as during these HABs to better understand the sequence of factors that may promote blooms. For example, Pseudo-nitzschia may survive for long periods of time under nutrient stress, then respond quickly to rapid influxes of nutrients, allowing for successful competition with other phytoplankton for resources needed for growth. The data types needed to accurately and completely tell the story about HABs and their relationship to climatic factors will be discussed.

14:00 (W4-12279) Species composition and long-term dynamics of potentially toxic dinoflagellate species in benthic assemblages of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan Marina Selina and Tatiana Morozova National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The species composition and the seasonal and long-term changes in benthic dinoflagellate assemblages remain poorly studied. Like planktonic forms, benthic dinoflagellates can produce toxins causing the death of fish and various types of poisoning of warm-blooded animals and humans. A total of аbout 30 species of the benthic dinoflagellates which can produce various types of toxins and bioactive chemical compounds areknown to date. Of particular interest is the study of seasonal phenomena in the flora and fauna of temperate seas, especially shallow waters, where the annual cyclicity of environmental conditions is the most pronounced. The long-term dynamics of the species composition and abundance of toxic species in epiphytic and sand-dwelling dinoflagellate communities of the upper subtidal zone were studied in Russian waters of the Sea of Japan. Five potentially toxic species were found: Amphidinium carterae, A. gibbosum, A. operculatum, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, and Prorocentrum foraminosum. Two species are the constant components of the summer-autumn community of epiphytic dinoflagellates. Among them, Ostreopsis cf. ovata reaches a high density and prevails in autumn. The P. foraminosum density was significantly lower, but the species was observed in the epiphytic community for a longer period. Significant interannual variations in the density of these species were noted. In contrast to the epiphytic assemblages, the population density of all the potential toxic species in coastal sand was very low.

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14:20 (W4-12126) Long-term trends in abundance and impacts of Cochlodinium fulvescens M. Iwataki, H. Kawami & K. Matsuoka (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in British Columbia, Canada, from the Harmful Algae Monitoring Program time series Nicola Haigh Harmful Algae Monitoring Program, Microthalassia Consultants, 3174 Rock City Rd., Nanaimo, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

The Harmful Algae Monitoring Program has been collecting data on phytoplankton species diversity and abundance, with a focus on species that are harmful to finfish, in coastal British Columbia (BC), since 1999. In 1999 blooms of Cochlodinium fulvescens killed farmed salmon in BC, but during the past 18 years we have seen a decrease in abundance, and associated economic and environmental impacts, of this species. The area with the most frequent C. fulvescens blooms is Clayoquot Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island. In the period of July – September, from 1999 to 2009, C. fulvescens was present in an average of 69% of weekly samples sent from this area; from 2010 to 2016 it was only present in an average of 37% of weekly samples. Bloom concentrations of C. fulvescens were seen in 1999 – 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2012; in 1999 – 2001 and 2006 for 33 – 50% of the July – September period, and for the other years only 8 – 17 % of the time. No significant fish kills have been reported from C. fulvescens in BC since 1999. This decrease in C. fulvescens does not appear to correlate with any environmental parameters or climate patterns.

14:40 (W4-12007) The bloom species succession and related potential alien species in East China Sea Jinhui Wang1,2, Yutao Qin1,2 and Hong Cheng3

1 East China Sea Branch, SOA, Shanghai, 200137, PR China, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Integrated Monitoring and Applied Technology for Marine Harmful Algal Blooms, SOA, Shanghai, 200137, PR China 3 Ocean University of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, PR China

The tendency of harmful algal blooms (HAB) and related alien species in the East China Sea was analyzed since the 1990s. Recently, changes in the biogeography of harmful dinoflagellates (Heterocapsa circularisquama, Prorocentrum dentatum) and raphidophytes (Heterosigma akashiwo, Chattonella marina ) have been detected along the Chinese coast. Strong northward shifts in the spatial distribution of Phaeocystis globosa and Karenia mikimotoi blooms have been documented. Some new species formed bloom in different part of China which never been found before, species introductions including issues of anthropogenic sources (e.g. ballast water) or natural systems (e.g. species range extension) will be analyzed based on geographical distribution and long series monitoring data. These blooms can have detrimental effects on macrofauna, diatoms, macrophytes and may threaten Sustainability. The degradation of the chemical equilibrium induces the break-down of the biological balance in the ecosystem and can become troublesome. An alternance between free-floating seaweed proliferations and phytoplankton blooms indicate the higher levels of eutrophication.

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15:00 (W4-12244) Long-term changes in HAB occurrences in Amursky Bay, Russia Tatiana Y. Orlova, Inna V. Stonik and Polina A. Kameneva National Scientific Center on Marine Biology FEBRAS, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The results of long-term changes in microalgae communities as well as analysis of HABs species dynamics in Amursky Bay (East/Japan Sea) during the period 1970-2016 were summarized. A total number of 43 potentially toxic and bloom-forming microalgae have been identified. Several species of potentially toxic haptophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms are reported for the first time in the study area. The revealed changes and trends in the composition and distribution of microalgae communities are as follows: long-term changes in microalgae communities are observed; there is a decreasing of diatom component of microalgae communities which substituted by the non-diatom component; new bloom-forming species were detected for the study area and new toxin producing species were revealed. The species richness increased; there are species-specific changes in the abundance and seasonal dynamic of HAB taxa like Pseudo-nitzschia, Karenia, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Dinophysis, Heterosigma, Pseudohaptolina); a list of species causing blooms in the bay was expanded. For the last two decades some species of harmful algae (e.g., toxic dinoflagellates and haptophytes benefiting water column stratification, warm water benthic dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria responding to increased water temperatures) became more common. Possible reasons of HABs occurrences in Amursky Bay are discussed. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 17-04-01394 and 15-04-05643a).

15:20 (W4-12128) Oceanographic conditions that lead to large Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in coastal waters Mark Wells1, Vera Trainer2, William Cochlan3 and Charles Trick4

1 University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA 3 San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA 4 Western University, London, ON, Canada

Pseudo-nitzschia blooms periodically have resulted in massive toxic events along the eastern boundary of the Pacific, threatening marine ecosystem and human health, and causing substantial economic impacts. By contrast, toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms are rare along the western margin of the Pacific, even though low abundances of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species occur commonly within coastal phytoplankton communities. The recent massive bloom along the California and British Columbia coast during 2015, and an anomalous toxic bloom in the Gulf of Maine during 2016, present useful comparisons that may explain the founding factors for large Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Pennate diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia demonstrate unusually efficient macronutrient and iron uptake capabilities that help these species persist under prolonged low nutrient conditions, which helps to explain the widespread presence of this genus in coastal and offshore waters. Combined with a strong ability to regulate cell sinking rates, seen by their ability to form thin layers in surface waters, these physiological attributes would facilitate greater competitive success and retention of Pseudo-nitzschia in stratified, low nutrient surface waters. We explore the significance of these unique characteristics in explaining the different prevalence of toxicPseudo- nitzschia blooms in the eastern vs. western Pacific, and how climate change may increase the frequency of these toxic events in both regions in the future ocean.

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16:00 (W4-12235) Blurred lines: Multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface Melissa B. Peacock1, Corinne Gibble2, David B. Senn3, James E. Cloern4 and Raphael M. Kudela5

1 Salish Sea Research Center, Northwest Indian College, Bellingham, WA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, 3 Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 4 San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA, USA 5 United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA 6 Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

The California Current spans nearly 3,000 km, from Southern British Columbia to Baja, California. Over the last few years, there have been multiple, dramatic algal toxin events within the California Current, including the 2015 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning event, the emergence of Diarrhetic Shelfish Poisioning in the Pacific Northwest, and freshwater microcystin poisoning of California sea otters. These events have led to broad public, management, and scientific interest in algal toxins. Current management practices separate freshwater and marine harmful algae, and sample organisms or toxins that “should” be present, or have been historically problematic in water bodies. Here we look at San Francisco Bay, CA, USA, a region that has been monitored for harmful algae for more than 20 years, but historically has been assumed not to have harmful algal bloom problems. From 2011–2016 we used particulate, dissolved, and shellfish sampling to identify that multiple toxins are present nearly all the time, and that at least four toxins are present simultaneously in 37% of our sampled shellfish, including domoic acid, microcystins, Paralytic and Dinophysis Shellfish Toxins. Here we discuss what chronic or acute toxin exposure means, and ask the question: is broader monitoring necessary to protect non-commercial shellfish harvesters? These findings are put in the context of ecological drivers using seasonal and multi-year trends, and explore improved monitoring and management efforts to deal with the simultaneous presence of multiple toxins.

16:20 (W4-12225) The effects of ocean acidification and temperature on the growth and toxicity of Pseudo- nitzschia australis from the California Current upwelling system William P. Cochlan1, Charles J. Wingert1, Christopher E. Ikeda1 and Vera L. Trainer2

1 Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Marine Biotoxins Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

Two critically important alterations of the coastal waters of the California eastern boundary upwelling system

(EBUS) - increased temperature and elevated CO2 levels, were examined in controlled laboratory studies of the impactful toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis Frenguelli. Our results demonstrate the adaptive capability of this pennate diatom to grow and produce the potent neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), as a function of these abiotic factors during their nutrient-replete, exponential growth phase and their nutrient-depleted, stationary growth phase. Non-axenic strains of P. australis, isolated from Monterey Bay, CA during the massive West Coast 2015 bloom of this species, were exposed to a range of temperatures (5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 °C) using a custom-build incubator, and to four pH levels (8.1, 8.0. 7.9 and 7.8) regulated by direct injection of compressed

CO2/air mixture into culture flasks. Laboratory findings demonstrate that this diatom species reaches maximal growth rates at ~17–18 °C with specific growth rates increasing by ~3-fold from 5 to 17 °C. Stationary cells increased domoic acid production as the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increased, and particulate DA was 3-fold

greater at pH 7.8 compared to pH 8.1. However, exponential growth rates were not affected until a critical pH of 7.8 was reached when growth rates declined by 30%. These laboratory results reveal the capability of P. australis to rapidly increase its growth potential in warm waters, and to become increasingly toxic in more acidic

waters - environmental conditions expected in the California EBUS due to CO2-induced ocean acidification and greenhouse warming.

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W6: BIO Workshop Advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods of measuring zooplankton production September 22

09:10 (W6-12203) Invited Revising our traditions: An overview on method and results of growth and production estimates for zooplankton Andrew G. Hirst1,2

1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, UK 2 Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected]

Estimating growth and production rates of zooplankton, and copepods in particular, is important in describing flows of material and energy though pelagic systems. Quantifying the major patterns and limits to growth rates is also important in understanding what may control these fundamental physiological and fitness terms. In advancing our understanding we have developed and utilised a range of ‘traditional’ techniques in order estimate the rate of accumulation of mass in growing copepods, this is a body of work which now spans over 50 years and hundreds of publications. Over the past decade we have made some important mathematical and methodological improvements to the approaches. The aim of this talk is critically explore our current position regarding the range of traditional methods we have at our disposal, describe improvements on these methodologies, and to review the published results and explore their implications. Finally, we will make recommendations for best practice in future, and how we may best place ourselves in order to address the questions and challenges that face us.

9:50 (W6- 12286) A comparison of zooplankton secondary production in a high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) and seasonally productive regions in the North Pacific Lian E. Kwong1 and Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2

Presented by Natalie Mahara on behalf of Lian E. Kwong

1 Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Zooplankton play a pivotal role in the World’s oceans, directly linking phytoplankton to fisheries productivity. Zooplankton secondary production (ZSP) is defined as the rate of increase in biomass through time, and incorporates zooplankton growth (somatic and reproductive) and mortality. Because marine ecological processes are strongly size dependent, rates of ZSP can be measured from normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS). Zooplankton net samples, multi-frequency acoustics, and chlorophyll-a data collected in collaboration with Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) during two monitoring voyages (Line P and La Perouse) covering three seasons (winter, summer and fall) over a 20-year period (1995-present) were combined to produce NBSS. Three methods of quantifying secondary production (i.e., chitobiase [Sastri and Dower, 2006, 2009], point observations of size spectra [Basedow et al. 2014], size spectra time series [Edvardsen et al., 2002]) are compared using the Saanich Inlet, BC, time series (biweekly sampling from 2015-2017). Calculated ZSP rates using the three time series will provide a direct comparison of secondary production in high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC/iron-limited) regions and seasonally productive regions within the North Pacific. It is envisioned that these estimates of ZSP will be included in future food-web and biogeochemical models. Preliminary estimates of ZSP over the past two decades will be presented.

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10:00 (S5/W6-12261) Zooplankton communities in the coastal northeast Pacific Ocean: A comparison of a highly productive region and a light-limited high nutrient, low chlorophyll region Natalie Mahara1, Brian V.P. Hunt2,3 and Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2

Zooplankton have long been recognized as an important link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. The Discovery Islands (DI) and Johnstone Strait (JS) regions along the northeastern side of Vancouver Island, BC remain vastly understudied biologically. JS has been proposed as a trophic gauntlet where zooplankton limits higher trophic levels due to environmental conditions, highlighting the need for a better understanding of local zooplankton communities. Preliminary data suggest JS is permanently well-mixed with low temperatures, high surface nutrient concentrations, and low chlorophyll biomass throughout the spring and summer months. In the DI, stratified stations have productive surface waters, whereas well-mixed stations have low primary productivity similar to conditions found in JS. This suggests that environmental conditions directly influence primary productivity, however the same link has not been demonstrated in the connection with zooplankton communities. Vertical zooplankton tows were conducted at 9 sites throughout the DI/JS region from mid-April until early- July in 2015 and 2016. Data suggest that zooplankton community composition is >55% dissimilar between JS and DI sites. Cluster Analysis suggests that within the DI, community similarity depends on a combination of seasonality and stratification, with zooplankton composition being >65% dissimilar in some cases. In Johnstone Strait, zooplankton communities before mid-May appear to be approximately 50% dissimilar to those after mid- May. Understanding the drivers behind spatial and temporal changes in zooplankton communities along the BC coast may lead to a better understanding of trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems.

10:20 (W6-12256) Coupling crustacean zooplankton production and primary production rates to estimate trophic transfer efficiencies in the NE Pacific Theresa A. Venello1, John F. Dower1 and Akash R. Sastri1,2

Presented by Akash R. Sastri on behalf of Theresa A. Venello

1 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 2 Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Crustacean zooplankton production rates were measured off the west coast of Vancouver Island and along Line P to Ocean Station Papa during 2015-2017 using the chitobiase method. Various methods were also used to measure primary production rates. By coupling measures of crustacean zooplankton productivity and primary productivity we are able to directly estimate trophic transfer efficiency (TTE). Although generally assumed to be 10%, we have found TTE to vary both spatially and temporally, ranging from 0 to 22%. Off the west coast of Vancouver Island in May 2016, sampling stations on the continental shelf had an average TTE of 9.3%, while stations located off the shelf averaged 4.9%. Along Line P, nearshore stations had an average TTE of 6.2% in February, 13.9% in June, and 8.7% in August, whereas offshore stations had averaged 8.6% in June and 11% in August. The routine coupling of crustacean zooplankton production rates and primary production rates to estimate TTE provides insight into how much energy is actually being transferred at the base of the marine food web. Additionally, quantifying spatiotemporal variability in TTE (i.e. instead of simply assuming 10%) will help to better parameterize and constrain ecosystem models.

122 POSTERS

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S1-Paper Session

S1-P1 Influence of temperature changes on the bottom marine biota in the western part of Tatar Strait Alexander A. Dulenin and Polina A. Dulenina Khabarovsk branch of Pacific Research Fisheries Center, Khabarovsk, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The spatio-temporal macrobenthos changes in the western Tatar Strait (the most cold-water area in the Sea of Japan) on the example of the two dominant groups - macroalgae and bivalves, are presented. The studied area is 600 km. Currents form the temperature inversion: average summer water temperature in the north of the area is 1°C higher than in the south (11.7 vs 10.7 0C, respectively.) The temperature increased by 2°C in the last 40 years - from 10 to 12°С. The macrophytes average relative biomass grows from 4 kg/m2 in the southern to 6.2 kg/m2 in northern part. Temporal changes are examined by the relative stock of a commercial species Saccharina japonica. For 18 years, it has grown 2 times (from 125 to 250 tons/km). The bivalves species composition changes are found: 19 species have expanded their habitat areas to the north. The ratio of thermothropic species among them (9 species, 47%) is much higher than in the whole regional fauna (21%), while cold-water ones are presented only by 2 species (11%). An analysis of the species composition of the two faunistically representative bays (Sovetskaya Gavan in the south and Chikhacheva in the north) showed that the thermothropic species proportion increases northerly (15 and 34%, respectively). At present, commercial clusters (up to 20 kg/m2) of a subtropical-low-boreal species Crassostrea gigas has appeared in the north. In the 80-s of the last century only the sparse settlements were noted. So, the macrobenthos abundance and composition correspond to the temperature dynamics. The study results are statistically significant, these data are used for natural resources management and fishery forecasting.

S1-P2 Forecast for 4 anadromous fish stocks status in the rivers of the mainland part of Tatarsky Strait (Sea of Japan) to the end of the 21st century S.F. Zolotukhin, T.V. Kozlova and Albina N. Kanzeparova Khabarovsk Branch of TINRO-Center, Khabarovsk, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

For four anadromous fish that are significantly different from each other, by biological cycles and the environment, the dynamics of their productivity is analyzed according to the materials of their catches in the 20th and 21st centuries. All of these species are reproduced in the rivers of the mainland coast of the Tatarsky Strait and go to the feeding grounds in the Sea of Japan. The main threat to their populations in this area is considered poaching. Secondary threats: logging and forest fires. Areas of reproduction of these fish is sparsely populated and all rivers are not blocked by dams. Pink salmon Oncorhynhus gorbuscha – abundant commercial fish. The peaks of industrial fishing (up to 13,000 MT) were recorded in 1926 and in 2016. Masou salmon Oncorhynhus masou – abundant commercial fish. Masou salmon, unfortunately, was listed without justification in the regional Red book. Sakhalin taimen Parahucho perryi – not abundant species. Inhabits rivers, and feeds in the estuary part of the river, rarely entering sea. Valuable trophy fish for anglers. Sakhalin sturgeon Acipencer mikadoi is a really rare protected species (Red book of the Russian Federation, IUCN). Presentation makes a forecast for 4 anadromous fish stocks status and possible ways for its using to the late 21st century.

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S1-P3 The directivity of the ecosystem processes in the spawning-nursery lake and the optimal spawning escapement Ekaterina Lepskaya and Tatyana Bonk Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The climate changes in the North Pacific bring some effects on ecosystems of sockeye salmon spawning-nursery lakes and abundance of local stocks there. Kuril Lake (Southern Kamchatka) is the spawning and nursery site for the biggest in Asia sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stock named “Ozernovskoye”. Since 2000 the stock and the catches on the shores have been increased, The spawning escapement to the lake was not fixed and varied in a wide range behind the optimal 1,5 million spawners. The escapement was set stable (optimal) from 2008. In terms of the stable sockeye salmon spawning escapement until 2014 the weight of 2+ smolts was higher than a longterm average. At the same time the conditions of juvenile feeding characterized by the biomass of plankton crustaceans (PC) were favorable as the PC density was 70 mg/m3 what is higher than a threshold value. A sharp decrease (2 g less) of the 2+ smolt weight has been observed since 2014, what coincided with abrupt decrease of zooplankton biomass to extremely low level typical for cold 1990s. The directivity of the ecosystem processes was analyzed. Possible drivers of worsening conditions of sockeye salmon juvenile feeding (decreasing zooplankton biomass) were figured out. Possibility and necessity in changing the optimal escapement was analyzed as a method of sockeye salmon juvenile forage base regulation.

S1-P5 Methane fluxes in the North Western Pacific Region A.I. Obzhirov, Galina I. Mishukova and V.F. Mishukov V.I.Il`ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The spatial distribution of methane content and fluxes in the Sea of Japan and in the near-Kuril water areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and open Pacific was studied during the expeditions in 2005, 2010, and 2011. The study of the distribution of methane fluxes enables supposing that the high values of methane concentration in the surface layer of sea water are caused by the influx of methane from underwater sources. The surface waters with the anomalous concentration of methane are spread by currents in a mosaic way in the water areas of the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and near-Kuril Pacific under study. The effect of pulsating emissions of methane is observed: if wind speed is low and there is a methane flux from the underlying deep waters, an increase takes place in the concentration of methane in the surface water due to its transport. Methane concentration dramatically drops to the equilibrium values as wind speed increases because the methane flux from deep horizons does not have time to compensate the methane out flow from the surface. In the case of intense methane flux to the sea surface, for example, in the zone of gas flares, the real concentrations of methane exceed the equilibrium values and provide the high rate of methane emission to the atmosphere. The methane flux to the bottom surface from deep rock horizons through the fault zones increases during the period of seismic and tectonic activity. The research was carried out in the framework of the project “The Computation of the Fields of Currents, Transport, and Transformation of Pollutants and Environmental Hazards in the Russian Far East” following the program of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences No. 43 “Fundamental Problems of Mathematical Modeling.”

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S1-P6 The Accident Fukushima’s radionuclides in the northwestern Pacific in the summer of 2012 Vladimir Goryachev, Vycheslav Lobanov, Alexander Sergeev and Nataliy Shlyk V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The cruise on the board of R/V “Professor Gagarinsky” (12.06.2012-10.07.2012) was conducted with the aim to collect data on the distribution of artificial radionuclides half years after the accident on Fukushima NPP (Nuclear power plant) in Japan Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent areas of the Northwest Pacific. Surface and deep water samples were collected along the cruise track. Samples of plankton, squid and fish were taken at some stations. 137Cs concentrations in the Japan Sea and Okhotsk Sea surface water 1.4-2.3 and 1.5-1.9 Bq/m3, accordingly, do not exceed pre-accident level. 137Cs concentrations of all samples in the western subartic Pacific and the Kuroshio- Oyashio transition zone (154°E, 38°48’N - 155°E, 44°03’N) are in the range of 1.8-21 Bq/m3. All surface water samples collected in the Pacific contain 134Cs (0.2-11.9 Bq/m3). Samples taken to the north of the Kuroshio warm eddy show subsurface 134Cs,137Cs concentrations with a maximum between 100-300 m. Near the eddy center, the cesium vertical distribution is mostly homogeneous and the penetration depth was greater than 500 m. Almost all biological samples, collected in the transition zone, contain 137Cs with concentrations 0.03-1.9 Bq/kg wet weight. 134Cs concentrations 0.27 Bq/kg and 110MAg 1 Bq/kg wet weight is found in the zooplankton samples. Squid and fish contain 134Cs in the range of 0.03-0.8 Bq/kg, 110MAg 0.04-5.1 Bq/kg wet weight. For biological samples the average ratio of 134Cs/137Cs is 0.55, whereas at the time of accident, this value was equal to 1. This decrease corresponds to partial cesium disintegration in 15 months.

S1-P7 (CANCELLED July 24) Impacts of climate change on Pacific North America’s small-scale fisheries catches Melanie Ang1,2

1 Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Canada 2 Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

Climate change will have significant implications for marine ecosystems and fisheries in the North Pacific, however the ability of small-scale fisheries to cope with these impacts remain relatively unknown. Globally, small-scale fishers form 90% of total employment in the fishing industry. Yet, research and policies on small-scale fisheries are often marginalized by efforts that largely focus on industrial operations. Comprehensive understanding of small- scale fisheries under climate change will contribute positively to resource management, and consequently, help alleviate poverty, ensure sustainable livelihoods and food security. In this research, we address this knowledge gap by integrating fisheries catch data from Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Sea Around Us with climate change projection models on species distributions. Our results will illustrate the predicted spatial and temporal changes in Pacific North America’s small-scale fisheries catch amount and taxa composition. Further, our study will anticipate the impacts on biological resources and ecosystem services to fisheries and communities in the Pacific North America region and will be useful in informing fisheries management in the region.

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S1-P8 Central Arctic Ocean challenge; An emerging opportunity to view the changing North Pacific from above Hyoung Chul Shin1, Hyun-cheol Kim1, Sung-Ho Kang1 and Sei-Ichi Saito2

1 Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Rapid loss of sea ice cover has opened up the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) for potential fishing opportunities. Debate and policy initiatives have been launched for regulating fisheries in the area that has not even started yet. Scientific research in the CAO, however, remains too scarce to inform and support policy decisions and to facilitate the establishment of proper governance in the region. Indeed, records of research vessel traffic and survey intensity show that CAO remains largely a region of sparse scientific data. Data on the distribution and abundance of harvestable species are generally lacking, let alone information on dependent and related species and on the nature of the interactions among them and the environmental control. Timely and adequate science will help ground the development of a management scheme in solid, quantitative rationale. Currently there are a number of national research programs that support regular expeditions in the Arctic Ocean, most of which come from PICES member states. These studies can provide information to meet the CAO challenge but also to better understand the linkage between the Arctic and North Pacific. Preliminary analysis of sea ice retreat, biological production and bottom topography greatly assisted our attempt to identify priority areas for observation and monitoring and to draft a research plan. Connectivity between the North Pacific and the Arctic as well as the leadership as a key regional marine science organization place PICES in a position to play a role, even for its own good.

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S2 MEQ Topic Session Microplastics in marine environments: Fate and effects

S2-P1 Ecotoxicity effects of microplastic to the early life stages of large yellow croaker Fangzhu Wu, Xiaoqun Liu, Jiangning Zeng, Qiang Liu and Wei Huang Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

Plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumulate as waste in marine environment. Microplastic (MP) particles, which defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, derived from the fragmentation of larger debris or enter the environment directly as microscopic fragments. MP pollution in the world’s oceans has been recently estimated at over 5 trillion floating particles, corresponding to 270,000 tons. However, the consequences of MP for marine ecosystem still remain unknown. Early life stages (ELS) are of primary importance to fish population dynamics due to the intense mortality during the embryonic and larval periods. Fish embryos and larvae are particularly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic origin stressors including mercury exposure. To our knowledge, there is little literature about the responses of ELS of marine fish species to MP, especially about the mechanism underlying MP’s toxicity. In this manuscript, the distribution, quantity and type of MP will be investigated in a typical semi-enclosed bay—Xiangshan Bay. Moreover, we will investigate the toxicological effects of MP exposure on the development and growth of large yellow croaker embryos and larvae.

S2-P2 Abundance, composition and distribution of microplastics on Korean Beaches Soeun Eo1,2, Young Kyung Song1,2, Sang Hee Hong1,2, Gi Myung Han1 and Won Joon Shim1,2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, R Korea

Microplastics are widespread and ubiquitous in the marine environment. Especially, beach is the most important location of microplastics accumulation. Spatial distribution within a beach is, however, not well addressed yet. In addition, major factors influencing on pollution levels and spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics on beach are still unclear. Multiple lines across a beach (backshore; B, strandline; S, middle; M, and water-edge; W) and two seasons (before and after rainy seasons) were investigated to evaluate spatiotemporal distribution of microplasticsin twenty beaches along the coast of Korea in 2016. The relationship of microplastic abundance with environmental and potential source related factors influencing their spatial distribution were evaluated. The median value of microplastic abundances at each sampling line was in order of B > M > S > W. The mean abundance was significantly higher in B line than M and W lines. The mean abundance of large microplastic (L-MP) in after rainy season was 10 times significantly higher than that in before rainy season. L-MP distribution demonstrated significant positive correlation with small microplastic (S-MP), beach width, population, and proximity to the city among the factors tested, on the other hand none of significant correlations were obtained between S-MP and all the factors other than L-MP. In this study, significant increase of L-MP abundance after rainy season and correlation with the land- based sources imply their main input source is allochthonous. Main input source of S-MP may be considered as autochthonous because of significant correlation with L-MP and none of correlation with the land-based sources.

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S2-P3 Changes of carbonyl and vinyl index of three plastics by outdoor exposure Young Kyoung Song1,2, Soeun Eo1,2, Sang Hee Hong1,2 and Won Joon Shim1,2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, R Korea

Three polymer types [low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and expanded polystyrene (EPS)] were exposed to outdoor sun light in Korea for 12 months. The exposed polymers were sub sampled in every month and measured the carbonyl index (CI) and vinyl index (VI) which used to characterize the degree of photo- oxidation of polymer by FTIR-ATR. The CI and VI of PE showed a linear increase with UV exposure duration from 1.8 to 16.5 and 0.006 to 0.101, respectively. The CI of PP also increased, but has a jagged graph shape and the VI rapidly increased, reached a plateau after 3 months. In EPS, the CI increased until it reached at about 3 months (1.97), and then slowly increasing again. The VI of EPS increase to until it peaked at about after 6 months (2.67) and then slowly declined. When CI and VI was compared between outdoor and laboratory exposure, amount of outdoor sunshine is approximately 24% of UV chamber’. So the CI of PE (11.6), PP (0.76) and EPS (3.63) and VI of PP (0.16) and EPS (2.67) expose to UV in chamber for 4 months was similar to those (16.5, 0.70 and 2.97 for CI, and 0.13 and 2.33 for VI, respectively) in outdoor for 12 months. However, VI of PE exposed for 12 months in outdoor was 3.9 times higher than those in UV chamber for 4 months. CI and VI could be applied to field sample to assume that the degree of weathering of them in environment.

S2-P4 Development of efficient analytical method for microplastics in bivalves Mi Jang1,2, You Na Cho1,2, Young Kyung Song1,2, Won Joon Shim1,2 and Sang Hee Hong1,2*

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Korea University of Science and Technology, Marine Environmental Science, Daejeon, R Korea

As marine plastic debris breaks down to microplastics in the environment, it becomes available for ingestion by a wide range of small marine organisms. Among them, filter feeding bivalves can be an important monitoring species due to high accumulation of microplastics as well as sources of human microplastic consumption. There is, however, no standardized analytical method for microplastics in bivalve species. In order to develop an adequate and efficient pretreatment method, various types of digestion solution such as enzymes (Savinase+Lipase, Stainzyme plus, and Proteinase-K), base (KOH), acid (HNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and density separation solution such as sodium chloride, sodium iodide (NaI), and lithium metatungstate (LMT) were compared in four species of bivalves (mussel, oyster, scallop, and clam). Digestion efficiency of biological materials and physio-chemical changes of polymeric materials were evaluated. The optimized protocol developed involves a digestion of tissue by 10% KOH solution at 40˚C for one day, followed by density separation using LMT (1.6 g/ml) solution. This method can digest over 50 g of tissue (10 individual) at one time, without any surface change of the tested polymers with the exception of alkyd. The method was also found to have high microplastic recoveries in both high density and low density polymer (100% for polyethylene, 100% for expanded polystyrene, 93±6% for polypropylene, 93±6% for nylon, and 90±14% for polyester). This method is efficient for detection and quantification of microplastic in large amount of tissue samples, providing a method to monitor microplastic contamination in marine bivalves.

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S2-P5 Bioaccumulation of microplastics in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Jin Soo Choi, Youn-Joo Jung, Hong gil Yun and June-Woo Park Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea E-mail: [email protected]

As the small size of microplastics (MPs) can facilitate the ingestion of plastics into aquatic organisms, their toxicity in aquatic organisms has become an important issue. In this study, to evaluate the body uptake and release behavior of marine fish exposed to microplastic, 150 ~ 180μ m sized polyethylene micro plastic was selected as the evaluation target material and the marine fish Sheepshead minnow (Cynoprinodon variegatus) were used as test organisms. Exposure was carried out for 10 days at a concentration of 10 mg / L, and the depuration experiments was carried out for 4 days with the exposed fish being transferred to clean water. In order to determine whether there is a difference between the case where the food is not supplied and the case where the food is supplied in the actual environment, during the test period, exposure was carried out by dividing into feed and non-feed groups. By analyzing the fish exposed to microplastics by time and by organ, it was confirmed that a large amount of microplastics accumulated in the gills and digestive organs, and remained after the exposure period. Through this study, we evaluated the accumulation of microplastics in the organisms when they were exposed to microplastic present in the water and confirmed that the plastic particles introduced into the body are not easily discharged from the body. This result suggests that organisms exposed to microplastics for long periods of time may have an effect on organisms due to the microplastics remaining in the body.

S2-P6 Spatial characteristics of microplstics in the surface waters along the coast of Korea Jung Hoon Kang1, Oh-Youn Kwon1, Minju Kim1, Sang Hee Hong2 and Won Joon Shim2

1 South Sea Environment Research Center, KIOST, Geoje, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Oil and POPs Research Group, KIOST, Geoje, R Korea

We investigated the occurrence of microplastics in the surface waters along the coast of Yellow and South Sea of Korea to examine the relation between the spatial patterns and the local characteristics. The studied area included six semi-enclosed bays consisting of special management and environmentally conservative areas designated by the government. Surveys were carried out in July after rainy season in 2015 and 2016 using a Manta-trawl with 330 um mesh. Microplastic particles were counted and classified into fragment (expanded polystyrene; EPS, paint particles, fragment), sphere (EPS, sphere), fiber, film, and pellet in the Yellow and South Sea. And the size classes were selected as 0.33-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm and 1-5 mm. The average abundances of total microplastics ranged from 1.12-1.64 particles/m3 (Southern coast) in 2015 and from 1.70-2.79 particles/m3 (Western coast) in 2016. From all study areas, microplastics with size class of 0.33-0.5 mm numerically dominated compared to other size classes, except for Cheonsu bay, where microplastics dominated with size classes of 0.5-1 and 1-5 mm. Dominant types of microplastics were fibers (polyester, polypropylene and cotton) (33.3-58.7%) for all size classes in the Southern coast, while paint particles (alkyds) (16.5-49.4%) and fibers (polyester, polypropylene and cotton) (26.9- 30.4%) dominated to the total microplastics in the Western coast. Exceptionally, EPS (39.1%) dominated to the total microplastics in the Cheonsu bay of Western coast. These results indicated that vulnerability of plankton or planktivores to numerically dominant fibers is likely to be high among microplastics rather than the regional specific occurrence of the microplastics in the study area.

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S2-P7 Microplastics in freshwater river sediments in Shanghai, China: Case study of environmental risk assessment in mega cities Guyu Peng1, Pei Xu2, Bangshang Zhu2 and Daoji Li1*

1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China Email: [email protected] 2 Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.

Microplastics are plastics that measure less than 5 mm. Microplastics are widely distributed in water and sediments, and in marine biota. To understand the distribution and pollution of microplastics in urban rivers, we investigated river sediments in Shanghai. Six sampling sites covered most of city central districts. One sampling site was from a remote beach. Density separation, microscopic inspection and identification were conducted to analyze microplastic abundance, shape and color. It is found that granular microplastics were the most prevalent shape, followed by fibrous and fragmented microplastics. Transparent and white microplastics were the most common type in terms of color. White foamed microplastics were widely distributed in urban river sediment. Five types of microplastics were identified by micro-FT-IR analysis. Microplastics may enter marine environment via urban and industrial sewage effluent. Coastal rivers may be the source of microplastics, while the ocean being the largest sink of microplastics. Environmental risk assessment for microplastics in sediments was summarized. It is recommended to select the index, integrate the statistical data, follow the expert opinions extensively and construct the comprehensive evaluation method and ecological risk assessment system for microplastics.

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S3: FUTURE Topic Session Below and beyond maximum sustainable yield: Ecosystem reference points

S3-P1 Relationship between intrinsic rate of population increase and natural mortality in fish and invertebrates Zuozhi Chen1,2,3, Shijie Zhou3, Yimin Ye4, David Smith5 and Kui Zhang1,2

1 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China 2 Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, PR China 3 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, Rome, Italy 5 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia

The intrinsic growth rate (r) of a fish population is a key parameter in stock assessment and fishery management. Using r estimated from the Schaefer surplus production model for 189 fish and invertebrate stocks worldwide, we found empirical relationships between r and other life history parameters (LHPs) based on Bayesian hierarchical error-in-variables models that incorporate uncertainty in LHPs themselves. Among the various models tested, we found that r was strongly correlated with natural mortality (M), while other LHPs, such as the von Bertalanffy growth rate (k), asymptotic length (L∞), maximum age (Tmax), length and age at maturity (Lmat and Tmat), add minor improvements to the relationship. The best model, selected based on the deviation information criteria (DIC) and Bayesian p-value shows: r = 2.02 M for invertebrates (SD=0.21, n=28), r = 0.76 M for elasmobranchs (SD=0.11, n=25), and r = 1.73 M for teleosts (SD=0.08, n=136). These results can be used to improve the reliability of stock assessments and consequently management of a wide range of data-poor fisheries, which have only simple life history information available.

S3-P2 The application of Argo profile data and innovative methods in fisheries sciences Peng Lian1, Tao Tian2 and S.J. Joung3

1 College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, PR China 3 Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan, PR China

As a subfield of marine sciences, fisheries science is often focussed on climate warming. Based on open access data products from Argo Global Data Centers and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, this study analyzes spatiotemporal variations of the monthly mean surface current, temperature and salinity between 20° and 40°N in Pacific. The thermohaline profiles are given by specific Argo buoys’ data. Further, the vertical Akima interpolation and horizontal Kriging interpolation methods are employed to reveal Pacific temperature fields. Also the fisheries CPUE downloadable data from the international commission can be overlaid with the thermocline to demonstrate changes with time. The Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF) can also be established. For evidence of global warming, Argo data gives us a broad picture. For analyses, available data included salinity and temperature data above the subsurface water, as well as fish distribution data, which were related to spatiotemporal factors. According to superposed figures, temperature, especially the vertical structure of the thermocline, is the principal factor affecting fish schooling, migration, and aggregations on fishing-grounds. At last, this paper discusses the phenomenon of chaos in density-dependence fisheries models, and introduces the wavelet analysis application in fishery science as well as finite element analysis application in fluid-structure interactions.

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S4: MONITOR Topic Session Adverse impacts on coastal ocean ecosystems: How do we best measure, monitor, understand and predict?

S4-P2 Studies on the bloom timing of moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) in the nearshore waters of the Hongyanhe River – an estuary of the Liaodong Bay Chunjiang Guan, Guize Liu, Qing Yang and Jinqing Ye National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years, the aggregation or outbreak of marine organisms can block the cold source water system of power plants, and increase risks to its normal operation. Aggregations include blooms of the moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) which is becoming a serious ecological disaster in the nearshore waters of the Liaodong Bay. Blooms of this jellyfish can jam the cooling system of power plants increasing the risk for closing of nuclear power plants. In order to ensure the normal operation of the nuclear power plant, we used an anchor drift net to monitor the relative density, bell diameter, wet weight of moon jellyfish every 3 days from June to August in 2015 and 2016 in the eastern part of Liaodong Bay. The results showed that the bloom timing of moon jellyfish ranged from early July to mid-August which represents a high risk period for the cold source water of nuclear power plants, also showed plaque distribution of moon jellyfish. The maximum relative density was up to 11,952ind./(net.h), bell diameter for 24cm, wet weight for 590g on 23rd July 2015, and on 14th August 2016 the maximum relative density was up to 16,667ind./(net.h), bell diameter for 18cm, wet weight for 360g. We urge the compilation of a risk cataloguing of marine organisms and a risk calendar of moon jellyfish blooms in order to guide early disposal strategies and ensure the safe operation of cold source water systems of nuclear power plants.

S4-P3 High-resolution monitoring of phytoplankton communities using spectral fluorescence signatures Rikuya Kurita1, Kenji Tsuchiya2, Shinji Shimode3, Tatsuki Toda1 and Victor S. Kuwahara1

1 Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan 3 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan

The composition of phytoplankton communities is dependent on temporal and spatial variability of multiple environmental conditions. Traditionally, communities are investigated by analyzing bio-marker pigments from discrete water samples to identify specific phytoplankton classes. However, discrete water samples do not provide high-resolution data of the community distribution. The present study investigates the temporal (monthly) variability of the vertical distribution of bio-marker pigments coupled with high-resolution multi-excitation fluorescence (Fλ) from May 2016 to April 2017 to monitor phytoplankton community structure in the coastal waters of Sagami Bay. Mixed layer depth (Zm) and 1% euphotic depth based on the light attenuation at 443 nm

(Z1%) varied seasonally between 14 - 62 m and 25 - 70 m, respectively. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a ranged from 0.18 to 7.71 mg m-3, and showed a significant correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01, n = 35) with F470. Quantitative coupling between the discreet water sample bio-marker pigments and Fλ were used to develop a new fluorometric- pigment model (Fpigment), revealing high-resolution pigment distribution. During the spring, Ffucoxanthin increased

in the surface layer with the development of the seasonal pycnocline, while Fzeaxanthin increased with a shoaling

of the Zm during the early summer. From the summer to fall season, Fperidinin and Falloxianthin increased below the

Zm, but above the Z1% suggesting change in community distribution. Phytoplankton biomass and Fpigments were vertically uniform in distribution from the fall to winter. The results suggest the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton communities are tightly controlled by light penetration and Zm.

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S4-P4 Plankton biodiversity, community structure and the physical and chemical environment of Izu-Oshima, Japan: A high resolution and multidisciplinary observational approach Gabriel R. Freitas1, Hidekatsu Yamazaki1, Scott M. Gallager2, Yoshinari Endo3, Masashi Yokota1 and Takeyoshi Nagai1

1 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Falmouth, MA, USA 3 Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Marine ecosystems change at a myriad of time scales as a function of natural and anthropogenic agents. Classic problems in plankton ecology addressing communities’ structure, function and its variance in time demand a high resolution and multidisciplinary observational approach. Here, we examine the interactions between the coastal environment and the plankton community of Izu-Oshima, Japan, focusing on systematic changes in plankton community structure, abundance and phenology. Combined with physical and chemical data, our cabled observatory system (OCEANS) includes a Continuous Plankton Imaging and Classification Sensor (CPICS) capable of resolving 20 taxonomic groups, non-living particles included. Our results showed a community shift between November and December 2014, through differences in diversity, major groups composition and in the physical environment itself. We identified the intrusion of a colder and more saline water mass possibly correlated to deep layers of the Kuroshio Current that was also scarce in chlorophyll-a content and predominantly composed by zooplankton. This factor indicated a local primary production limited by grazing. An enrichment in nitrate was associated with both a resupply through zooplankton excretion and an innate feature of the water mass. While the trophodynamics of the region remain to be fully understood, our project aims to extend the data analyses over a time frame of more than 2 years. Plankton monitoring programs, such as ours, are highlighted by many as sentinels to identify future changes in the marine environment, being an important tool for the validation of ecosystem models and the further understanding of regime shifts.

S4-P5 The effect of estuarine physicochemical conditions on antibiotic-resistant E. coli migration and competitive ability Guangshui Na1, Linxiao Zhang1,2, Zihao Lu1 and Hui Gao1

1 Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China. Email: [email protected] 2 College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China

The increase in the number of resistant and multi-resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern for health officials world-wide. Estuary ecosystems are key areas for understanding the fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria during the process of their release into aquatic environments. In order to understand the effect of estuarine physicochemical conditions on antibiotic-resistant E. coli migration and competitive ability, 10 sulfonamide-resistant environmental strains were selected to investigate the effects of salinity, nutritional and antibiotic stress. The results indicated that environmental factors significantly affected the distribution and migration of antibiotic- resistant E. coli in the estuary, but the contribution of antibiotics is very weak. Meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant E. coli exhibit a stronger adaptability to the environment via increased migration ability that is correlated with salinity and nutrition. In the oligotrophic environment, with salinity increased, the deviation degree of lag phase and generation time of antibiotic-resistant E. coli were relatively small. In addition, the selective pressure of low concentration antibiotics did not significantly increase the competitive advantage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. In an oligotrophic simulation system, the deviation in lag phase between resistant and non-resistant strains was 13.8% (low antibiotics). The generation time change rate was reduced from 33.74% (without antibiotics) to 12.56% (low antibiotics).

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S4-P6 Alpha, beta and gamma diversity of nematode assemblages in seaweeds from Korea the British Isles Hyeong-gi Kim1, Lawrence E. Hawkins1, Jasmin A. Godbold1, Chul-Woong Oh2, Hyun Soo Rho3 and Stephen J. Hawkins1

Nematodes inhabiting seaweeds in the English Channel and in Korea were compared to investigate the relationship between alpha and beta diversity to gamma diversity. The cosmopolitan genus Corallina and Sargassum muticum, a native of Korea and an invader in the British Isles were selected as algal habitat providers for nematodes. A hierarchical nested design have been used with regions in each country (3 for Corallina, 2 for S. muticum), 2 shores in each region and 3 patches on each shore. Four different alpha and beta nematode diversity relationships were measured using additive partitioning approach. All four alpha and beta relationships indicated alpha diversity contributed more than beta diversity to total gamma diversity in both macroalgae. Although the alpha diversity were dominant in nematode assemblages, the proportion of diversity component were varied in each spatial scale in each macroalgae. Estimated component variation in nematode assemblages also showed clear differences in each scale in each macroalgal host. This might suggest that alpha and beta relationship might be driven by different ecological processes. Nematodes can be a good ecological model for understanding diversity changes along the different spatial scale ranges.

S4-P7 Application GIMS- technology for the monitoring coastal and marine ecosystems Ferdenant Mkrtchyan and Vladimir Krapivin Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, RAS, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Marine ecosystems and coastal zones are one of the important objects of geoinfomational monitoring. Knowledge of microwave attenuation properties of coastal and marine ecosystems is needed in this respect since attenuation values and their dependence on frequency and biometrical features afford a basis for microwave remote sensing retrieving algorithms. One of the prospective approaches to the solution of the problems arising here is GIMS-technology (GIMS = GIS + model).The basic scheme of collection and processing of the information in geoinformation monitoring system (GIMS) recognizes that effective monitoring researched object is possible at complex use of methods of simulation modeling, collection and processing of the information. Development of GIMS requires the decision of a set of problems related to the formation of data measurements flows to be solved.

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S4-P8 Temporal variation in microbial community composition in Gadeok Channel, South Korea Soyeon Kim1, Jiyoung Lee1,2, Jae-Hyun Lim3, Junhyung Park4, Joo-Eun Yoon1, Kesavan Markkandan4 and Il-Nam Kim1

1 Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, R Korea 3 Marine Environment Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea 4 Theragen ETEX CO.LTD, Bioinformatics Division, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, R Korea

Variations of bacterial community compositions in terms of temporal dynamics and vertical distributions in the Gadeok Channel, which is primary passage for exchange of waters and materials between the Jinhae-Masan Bay and the South Sea waters, have been analyzed from June to December 2016 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The resulting high quality reads (5,507,418) have clustered into 35,291 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and classified with the phyla Proteobacteria (45.6%), Bacteroidetes (18.2%), Cyanobacteria (15.3%), Verrucomicrobia (5.9%), and Actinobacteria (5.8%). The bacterial community at each water column was highly diverse and varied among the seasonal dynamics. It has been found that the composition of bacterial communities in surface and middle water columns remains relatively similar, while that in bottom water column differs between temporal and hydrological dynamics. Alphaproteobacteria (28%) was the most abundant bacterial class, followed by Falvobacteriia (16%) and Gammaproteobacteria (13%) in all water columns. However, dominant groups from this class at the order level showed a significant difference among the samples. Furthermore, principle coordinates analysis based on OTU data indicated that bacterial communities in surface column were more spatially variable than the bottom and middle columns. The dynamics of physicochemical and hydrologic conditions over the water column are decisive factors in shaping the pattern of bacterial communities in Gadeok Channel.

S4-P9 Fluorescence to chlorophyll a ratios on the central coast of British Columbia – Data quality control and spatial-temporal variability across a diverse and optically complex environment Justin Del Bel Belluz1, Jennifer M. Jackson1, Brian P.V. Hunt1,2

1 Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada 2 Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

Since 2012, the Hakai Institute has collected year-round high frequency chlorophyll a (chl) samples from Niskin bottles and in-situ chl fluorescence profiles at multiple sites on the central coast of British Columbia. These sites span a diverse and bio-optically complex region, from the headwaters of a coastal fjord (Rivers Inlet) to the shelf waters of Queen Charlotte Sound. The length of this timeseries and the range of observed conditions provides an ideal dataset for the investigation of coastal fluorescence to chl ratios (fl:chl), which are important for deriving accurate in-situ chl biomass estimates and investigating phytoplankton dynamics. The span of observed fl:chl is greater than expected with many values exceeding those found in comparable research (> 10).Itis unclear whether these values are a natural phenomenon. Additional aspects of fl and chl data quality control are discussed, including tracking of fluorometer instrument drift using dark current values collected at deep water sites (> 250 m), and the development of thresholds and corrections for surface fluorescence data affected by non- photochemical quenching.

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S5: FIS Topic Session Coastal ecosystem conservation and challenge

S5-P1 The effect of the lights on reproduction of sea urchin Vladimir Evdokimov1, Inga Matrosova2 and Galina Kalinina2

1 Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Far Eastern State technical fisheries University, Vladivostok, Russia

The experimental studies of lights influence on development of sea urchin gametes showed that effects of red and green lights quite different. Light with a wavelength 720 nm at a constant temperature of +4 C have a positive effect on the reproductive process: mass of gonads increased on 2.0 g, number of parietal oocytes increased on 20% and free oocytes incresed twice in comparison with the control. Light with a wavelength of 520 nm inhibits development of gonads sea urchins and decreased volume of acinus in 1,5 times, and of spermatocytes by 10% in comparison with control. The lowest fecundity of sea urchins - 23.0 million oocytes observed where the animals were kept under the influence of green light and highest fecundity - 31 million oocytes observed under influence red light according to experimental data. The minimum deviations from normal development (8%) at early ontogenesis was observed in embryos from gametes obtained from sea urchins maintained under illumination with light of a wavelength 720 nm.

S5-P2 Improvement of coastal use fee and levy system based on the marine ecosystem in Korea Jeong-In Chang Korea Maritime Institute, Busan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

The marine environment budget was about 200 billion KRW in 2015, but the annual collected amount of the marine environmental levy was only 8 billion KRW (by the income of the fisheries development fund in 2014). The levy of coastal users is significantly lower than the negative external effects (such as environmental damage) caused by marine use. Marine quasi-taxation* is one of economic incentives that allow a person using the marine environment and resources to pay social costs. However, the current marine quasi-taxation standard(rate) is not able to account the value of marine ecosystem services and the impact of use. (*Quasi-tax is a term that encompasses the burden of imposing taxes other than taxation from the perspective of the company. However, in this study, the marine quasi-taxes are limited to the charges related to sea use and development, such as coastal use fee and levy) Therefore, it is necessary to improve a quasi-taxation system that can contribute to the socially desirable marine utilization level and secure the management finance of governments. In this study, we analyze the problems of current marine environmental quasi-taxes in Korea through the case studies over 10years and suggest advanced alternatives based on ecosystem services. The results of this study can be a fine alternative for the improvement of the present coastal use fee and levy system.

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S5-P3 Changes on the ecological Carrying Capacity of fleshy prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) in the Bohai Sea Qun Lin1, Xiujuan Shan1,2, Jun Wang1 and Zhongyi Li1

1 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. Email: [email protected] 2 Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China

The Bohai Sea provides important spawning grounds and nursery habitats for some of the fishing species found in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and marine stock enhancement of the fleshy prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) has been developed over the past decades in this area. Overstocking of fleshy prawn combined with environmental changes may cause mass mortalities and severe consequences for the ecosystem. Accordingly, the rigorous assessment of the carrying capacity of fleshy prawn underpins responsible marine fisheries enhancement. Using two trophic food web models in 1982 and 2015, the trophic impact relationship in fleshy prawn with other groups and ecosystem was explored and the changes in the ecological carrying capacity for fleshy prawn in Bohai Sea were analyzed. Results suggest that the fleshy prawn carrying capacity was respectively 1.365 t∙km−2 and 0.978 t∙km−2 in Bohai Sea in 1982 and 2015. Compared with respectively current biomass, the fleshy prawn had a great potential for continued enhancement. Exceeding fleshy prawn biomass levels of 1.365 t∙km−2 and 0.978 t∙km−2 may cause other functional groups biomasses to fall, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced. Results of this study will provide some references for the science implementation of stock enhancement and the sustainable development of fisheries resources in the Bohai Sea.

S5-P4 Real-time detection of the red tide dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea using a newly developed ultrasonic acoustic technique Hansoo Kim1, Hyun Jung Kim1, Junsu Kang1, Mira Kim1, Byoung Kweon Kim2, Seung Won Jung1 and Donhyug Kang1

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Syscore Inc., R Korea

Red tide, known as harmful algal bloom, is caused by the proliferation of a toxic or nuisance algae species and has been the focus of worldwide research communities for several decades. Until recently, the techniques available for red tide detection were mainly microscopic and molecular techniques. However, these techniques are unable to detect in real time. Here, we have developed a technique for real-time detection of harmful algal blooms (HABs), focusing on ultrasonic acoustic backscattering properties. The developed detection system is mainly composed of a pulser-receiver board, signal processor board, control board, network board, power board, ultrasonic sensors (3.5 MHz), and environmental sensors. To evaluate the performance of the system, trails were performed in laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory, the acoustic signal agreed with various levels of Akashiwo sanguinea (one of the HABs) densities. In field experiments (in Jangmok-Bay, South Korea), acoustic signals were not detected before blooms of A. sanguinea appeared. However, when A. sanguinea blooms appeared at density of over 3,000 cells mL-1, the acoustic signals varied with red tide occurrence density and there was a good correlation between the acoustic signal and A. sanguinea densities. Therefore, the developed ultrasonic acoustic detection system for early detection of HABs was shown to be an effective system to monitor the occurrence of HABs in coastal regions.

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S6: POC/FIS Topic Session Interannual variability in marine ecosystems and its coupling with climate projections

S6-P1 Spatio-temporal distribution of the specific growth rate of Prorocentrum donghaiense related with SST Yanlong Chen1, Suqing Xu2 and Yujuan Ma1

1 National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: ylchen @nmemc.org.cn 2 Key Lab of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Xiamen, PR China

The specific growth rate of Prorocentrum donghaiense is calculated taking into account its dependence on water temperature; its spatial and temporal distribution is considered on the basis of satellite remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST) at the Pacific coast of China. Red tide events are determined. The peakof P. donghaiense harmful blooms is observed in April-June of every year, and the high incidence areas are located at the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. A significant correlation was found between the specific growth rate and abundance of P. donghaiense. The possible influence of global climate change on red tides at Chinese coast is discussed.

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Joined S8 / HD-Paper: HD Topic Session Marine ecosystem health and human well-being: A social-ecological systems approach

S8-HD-P1 Research into marine ecological suitability assessment and zoning based on spatial analysis: A case study in Dongtou County Yunyun Xiang Xiang, H. Yang and Quanzhen Chen Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

The role of marine ecosystems, as critical elements of global life support systems, has gradually become recognized; marine ecosystems provide natural resources and environmental conditions necessary for human survival and socio-economic development. Meanwhile, human activities, including regional development, have exerted increasingly negative impacts on marine ecosystems and intensified the contraction of marine resources. Ecological suitability analysis can reflect the advantages of regional marine resources and the potential of socio-economic development while accounting for the complexity of marine ecosystems and the mobility of marine ecosystem components. Thus, ecological suitability analysis can contribute to scientific evidence for environmentally sound marine spatial planning for coastal cities. In this presentation, we report on research conducted in the island county, Dongtou. Our research used multi-temporal remote sensing data, field-research, interviews with local experts, the “3S” technology, statistics, indicators and other methods to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of ecological suitability of the region and to designate its ecological function areas. The results illustrate that, in the study area, marine resource utilization can be clearly divided into four categories: key protected zones, buffer protected zones, moderately developed zones, and optimized developed zones. The first two are always sensitive to the environment and thus are considered to be the important ecological restoration areas of the county, while the latter two are buffer areas for future marine resources utilization and marine engineering. This study has significant implications for resolution of conflicts between the marine resource conservation and exploitation, thereby balancing marine ecosystem integrity and sustainable of regional development. Key words: Marine ecosystem; ecological suitability; spatial analyst; hemeroby

S8-HD-P2 Developing a global database on fishery conflicts Jessica Spijker1 and Robert Blasiak1,2

1 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden 2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

Conflicts over fishery resources constitute a growing security concern, and experts expect that factors such as climate change will spark or exacerbate resource conflicts in the future. To better understand international conflict over fishery resources, and the role of climate change in stimulating conflict, we created a database of historical incidents of international fishery conflict on select commercial species, spanning the years 1970 to 2016. Among other things, the database is intended to: 1) descriptively explore global geographical patterns of international fishery conflict; 2) offer novel typological theories of international fishery conflict; and, 3) quantitatively assess the relationships between a wide range of biophysical, socioeconomic, and political factors and international fishery conflict.

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S8-HD-P3 Fishing alternatives of a local stock of Coonstripe shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus for sustainability of the local communities in southern Hokkaido, Japan Naoki Tojo1, Takaaki Mori2 and Yasuzumi Fujimori3

1 Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan 3 Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan

In Funka Bay, southern Hokkaido, Japan, Coonstripe shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus is highly regarded as a major fishing target. The fishery is managed through minimum size limits and the timing of open fishing periods. Since 1999, local shrimp fishermen have voluntarily released their catch of small shrimp caught during spring fisheries. However, annual catch is highly variable and these voluntary measures do not appear to have reversed downward trends in stock abundance. Here, we explore sustainable alternatives for the shrimp fisheries in the Funka Bay. We apply an integrative approach based on resource dynamics, expected returns, and fishers’ perspectives. Predicted variables, such as biomass, derived from an age-structure model, were monetized. The values of additions and costs along the value chain were integrated to yield time series of predicted variables that were then used to develop estimates of net present values (NPV). Simulations were conducted for multiple scenarios of the fishery. Each scenario was simulated for 1000 iterations for two generations (40 years). The scenarios included preferences expressed in surveys and interviews of local fishermen. Corresponding NPVs were compared with risks based on the variability of the predictions. The results suggest that improvement of selectivity of the gear and investigation in the migration patterns of stock will be effective to sustain the economic returns. Increased product value was shown to arise under scenarios that shifted the timing of fisheries to enhance product freshness. The cumulated capital from the added returns may also contribute to the risk aversions in the given environmental dynamics.

S8-HD-P4 Seafood consumption and pesticide accumulation in humans in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Kray) Olga N. Lukyanova1,2, Vasiliy Yu. Tsygankov2 and Margarita D. Boyarova3

1 Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Fish and seafood are important protein sources in the nutrition of population of coastal regions. Fish consumption per capita in Russia is 14-16 kg; in the Russian Far East, per capita fish consumption is 25 kg. Along with nutrients, people can absorb toxic substances accumulated by marine organisms. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) DDT and HCH were determined in adipose tissue of the residents from Primorsky Kray in post mortem analysis using gas chromatography. β-HCH, DDT and DDE were detected in all samples. The total OCP concentration ranged from 185 to 1750 ng/g of lipids, including β-HCH concentrations of 152 to 1270 ng/g, DDT concentrations of 2.9 to 46.8 ng/g, and DDE concentrations of 33 to 610 ng/g. Data obtained testify the decay of initial compounds, i.e., of “prolonged” circulation of pesticides in the marine environment and contamination of seafood and human body. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-50-00034).

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S9: POC Topic Session Meso-/submeso-scale processes and their role in marine ecosystems

S9-P1 Dependence of Pacific saury fisheries upon the distribution of oceanographic parameters in the South-Kuril area Polina K. Kozub and Tatyana V. Belonenko Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]

The Pacific saury, Cololabis Saira, forms dense aggregations which are of great interest for its industrial fishing near Kuril and Japanese waters. Studying the conditions governing the formation of saury aggregations is important for forecasting fish stock, attain sustainable catch and improve economic growth. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which saury fisheries are dependent upon the distribution of oceanographic parameters in the South Kuril region. In preliminary analysis, CMEMS products and information of saury fishing areas derived from the TINRO-Centre (Vladivostok, Russia) were used (maps of fishing saury localization). We analyzed different types of satellite data products such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface salinity anomalies (SSSA), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (SSChl), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration anomalies (SSChlA), and sea level height anomalies (SSHA) for September, 2001. We compared maps of these data with fishing saury areas to confirm that saury aggregations were connected strongly with SST fronts. All fishing areas were located in areas of negative sea level anomalies and cyclonic vorticity. Although those areas were regarded as regions of convergence on the first week of September, they were further placed in the regions of divergence. That confirms that divergence areas are characterized by high concentrations of nutrients, and therefore they are more favorable for Pacific saury. The remaing satellite parameters did not affect the distribution of saury.

S9-P2 Submesoscale structure in the mesoscale eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific Yuki Okada1, Hiromichi Ueno1, Takahiro Tanaka2 and Sachihiko Itoh3

1 Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Shiogama, Japan 3 The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

Mesoscale eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific have a significant impact on the heat, freshwater, macro- and micro-nutrient and biota exchanges between shelf and offshore regions and thus play an important role in the marine ecosystem of the offshore region. In this area, we conducted cross-section observation, including underway CTD observation with horizontal resolution less than 10 km, of two mesoscale eddies on board T/S Oshoro-maru in June-July 2016. In and around both eddies, submesoscale (10-20 km) features were observed especially in the temperature structure. This structure was related to the chlorophyll fluorescence around 50 m depth especially in one of the eddies (Eddy B) compared with the other eddy (Eddy A). Through analysis of satellite altimetry data, we found that Eddy B formed at 45.5°N, 166°E in February 2016 and stayed there until we observed. Eddy A formed in May 2011 in the area south of Alaska Peninsula, propagated southwestward along the Aleutian Islands, split into three eddies in 2016 before observation.

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S9-P3 Characteristics of Aleutian eddy and its impact on Chlorophyll distribution Hiromu Ishiyama1, Hiromichi Ueno2 and Masaru Inatsu1

1 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 2 Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Aleutian eddies are anticyclonic eddies formed in the area just south of the Aleutian Islands between 170°−175°E (AL area). They propagate southwestward to the deep-sea region of the western subarctic North Pacific. In this study, we investigated the propagation and temperature/salinity structure of the Aleutian eddy and its impact on chlorophyll distribution in detail, using satellite altimeter data, Argo profiling float data and satellite chlorophyll concentration data. Averaged radius and lifespan of Aleutian eddy were 65 km and 200 days, and averaged Aleutian eddy core contained intermediate temperature-maximum water warmer than 4°C, suggesting that they transport heat in the AL area to the deep-sea region of the western subarctic North Pacific. In the AL area, chlorophyll concentration was high in and around the Aleutian eddy, and even the chlorophyll concentration averaged in the AL area when at least one Aleutian eddy was located in the area was 16% higher than that without Aleutian eddies in the area. On the other hand, in the deep-sea region of the western subarctic North Pacific, chlorophyll concentration was relatively low in and around the Aleutian eddy.

S9-P4 Features of distribution and efficiency of saury fishery in relation to oceanological conditions in South Kuril Region on satellite data in August-November, 2002-2014 Yury V. Novikov and Eugene V. Samko Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The analysis of hydrological conditions and saury fishery in Southern Kuril Region for August-November, 2002- 2014 within an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) Russia is carried out on the satellite, facsimile and saury fishery data. The primary goal of the presented work is revealing of features of distribution and efficiency of saury fishery depending on variability of oceanological conditions in South Kuril Region in August-November, 2002-2014, in years with high and low catch values and efficiency of a fishery. As investigated hydrological characteristics of a season were are taken distance of the centre of a South Kuril anticyclone from Shikotan island and type of oceanological conditions of the area, defined by position of Northern subarctic front. By results of the analysis three basic groups of years are allocated: 1. years with distant position of a South Kuril eddy and cold type of oceanological conditions (2002, 2003 and 2009). The stable saury fishery begins in the third decade of August, the fishery is conducted within EEZ in August-October, and completely outside of EEZ in November. Efficiency of the saury fishery was low, CPUE within 14-34 ton, with a maximum in November. 2. years with close position of eddy and warm type of conditions (2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2014). The stable saury fishery begins in the first half of August, the fishery is conducted within EEZ in August-November. Efficiency of the saury fishery was high, CPUE within 31-43 ton, with a maximum in September. 3. years with close position of eddy, normal and cold type of oceanological conditions (2006, 2011, 2012 and 2013). The stable saury fishery begins in the second half of August, the fishery is conducted within EEZ in August- October, on border of EEZ and outside of EEZ in November. Efficiency the saury fishery was on an average level, CPUE within 20-36 ton, with a maximum in October. The typical features of position and efficiency of the saury fishery for each group of years are described

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S9-P5 Physical-biogeochemical characteristics off the northern Jiangsu coast (Yellow Sea, China) and their potential relations with the occurrence and expansion of Ulva prolifera in summer Qinsheng Wei1,2,3, Baodong Wang1,3, Qingzhen Yao2,3, Mingzhu Fu1,3, Junchuan Suna, Bochao Xu2,3 and Zhigang Yu 2,3

1 The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, 266061, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, PR China 3 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China

By using in-situ observations off the northern Jiangsu coast during the summer of 2006, combined with associated satellite-derived data and long-term data along a cross-section of 34°N across the Subei Shoal, the physical characteristics and regional biogeochemical processes off the northern Jiangsu coast are investigated, and the long-term evolutionary patterns of major environmental parameters in this area are examined. Furthermore, the potential relations between the physical-biogeochemical characteristics off the northern Jiangsu coast and the occurrence and expansion of Ulva prolifera are discussed. The results show that the offshore transport and expansion of coastal low-salinity water, as well as an inshore upwelling and invasion of offshore high-salinity bottom water, exist off the northern Jiangsu coast. The position of the upwelling is consistent with the 20- to 30-m isobath and the boundary of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). The area within the depth range of 20–30 m off the Subei Shoal is therefore surrounded by the upwelling. Vertical transport by the upwelling results in a nutrient supplementation in the slope area within the depth range of 20–30 m off the Subei Shoal, where a rapid decline in the contents of suspended particulate matter (SPM) contributes to good light conditions. Thus, a high-value area of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is formed within the 20- to 30-m isobath off the Subei Shoal. Eutrophication off the northern Jiangsu coast provides rich nutrients for the frequent occurrence of Ulva prolifera in this area over recent years. The upwelling system off the Subei Shoal in summer plays a role in promoting the development of Ulva prolifera. The propagation and expansion of Ulva prolifera in the upwelling area and the bloom of Ulva prolifera within the shoal area can form a synergistic effect spatially, leading to the large-scale development of Ulva prolifera. The findings of this study indicate that eutrophication off the northern Jiangsu coast is the material premise for the bloom of Ulva prolifera, whereas the upwelling system off the Subei Shoal can drive the further propagation and expansion of Ulva prolifera.

144 PICES-2017 S9

S9-P6 Near-inertial internal waves observed in the vicinity of an anticyclonic eddy in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) Suyun Noh and SungHyun Nam Seoul National University, Seoul, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Interaction processes between near-inertial internal gravity waves and anticyclonic mesoscale eddies are known to influence on turbulent mixing that affects biogeochemical processes thus marine ecosystem, yet our understanding on these interaction processes is still poor particularly in southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea). We analyzed time series data collected using a subsurface mooring (37.33N, 131.45E) in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) from late March 2011 to June 2012. Using the ECMWF wind stress data, simple and modified slab models were applied and compared in order to examine the effect of background flow field on the evolution of near-inertial wave energy. Results show that high near-inertial wave energy persisted for about 10 days with maximum near-inertial currents exceeding 22 cm/s in October 2011. Clockwise-rotating near-inertial oscillations propagate down to 250 m with a speed of about 18 m/day, demonstrated from wavenumber-frequency spectral analysis. Comparisons between observed and simulated near-inertial waves reveal that the near-inertial oscillations were generated from the surface by local wind and then enhanced by lowered effective Coriolis frequency associated with the anticyclonic eddy in the vicinity of the mooring. Furthermore, the modified slab model incorporating geostrophic flows allows more near-inertial energy at the mooring location when the anticyclonic eddy is considered. Our results suggest that the anticyclonic eddy plays a significant role in modulating near-inertial wave energy in the upper ocean.

S9-P7 Mesoscale eddies in the East Sea (Japan Sea): Statistical categorization and characterization KyungJae Lee and SungHyun Nam Seoul National University, Seoul, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Mesoscale eddies conduct crucial roles which transport and redistribute heat, energy, chemical and biological properties in the ocean. Although their importance, the comprehensive studies about the eddy fields in the East Sea (Japan Sea) have not been performed yet. A new hybrid mesoscale eddy detection method is applied to the 1/4° gridded satellite altimeter data in the East Sea (Japan Sea) and validated with available hydrographic data collected within and outside the eddies from 1993 to 2015. The 782 eddies in total 22 years are identified and categorized into tens of groups, e.g., Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE), Wonsan Cold Eddy (WCE), Hokkaido Warm Eddy (HWE), etc, based on the location of its formation. The eddies are statistically characterized with duration, propagation, intensity, amplitude, ellipticity, and so on. Typical ranges of durations are 88days, but there are some exceptional cases over 1 year. Mean eddy size and amplitude are about 80km and 5cm respectively. Their propagation tendencies do not show westward unlike world ocean cases, instead they seems to be advected by the main currents. The horizontal sizes determined from satellite altimetry coincided with hydrographic data in just few kilometers. Statistical categorization and characterization of eddy properties helps to understand the physical mechanism of each eddy, and interaction with other ocean phenomenons in the East Sea (Japan Sea).

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S9-P8 Mesoscale and submesoscale coherence from physics to pyhtoplankton Sachihiko Itoh1, Shinya Kouketsu2, Hitoshi Kaneko3, Takeshi Okunishi3, Junya Hirai1 and Fuminori Hashihama4

1 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 3 Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Shiogama, Japan 4 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Physical processes in the ocean are fundamental drivers of biological productions at various trophic levels. The large-scale marine biogeography has thus been attributed primarily to physical structure of current systems, such as subtropical and subpolar gyres. However, most of previous studies focused only on scales comparable or greater than mesoscale (O(10–50 km) in mid latitudes) and/or on a qualitative basis. In the present study, we conducted continuous shipboard observations of horizontal velocity, temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll a concentration along trans-basin transects in the Pacific, in order to examine the linkage from physics to plankton community. The data collected with a horizontal interval of 1–10 km were examined mainly through spectral analysis. Compiling all the data in the North and South Pacific, power spectral curves of surface salinity with respect to wavenumber k roughly follows curves of k–3–k–2, while those of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations show shallower spectra (more power at high wavenumber ranges). Regional and seasonal differences in the coherence of the data sets will also be shown in the presentation.

S9-P9 Seasonal variation of barrier layer in the Southern Ocean Yisen Zhong, Lei Zhou, Meng Zhou, Hailong Liu and Zhaoru Zhang Institute of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Email: [email protected]

The seasonal variability of barrier layer (BL) and its formation mechanism in the Southern Ocean are investigated using the most recent Argo profile data. The result shows the BL is a persistent feature in the Southern Ocean with extremely strong seasonal cycle. The thickest BL appears in winter with the maximum exceeding 250 m while it dramatically decreases to less than 50 m in summer. The spatial distribution of BL is zonally oriented in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors, in agreement with that of the mixed layer depth (MLD) and isothermal layer depth (ILD). Two most prominent BL areas are identified to the south of Australia and in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The BL formation in both regions can be generally attributed to a shallow mixed layer controlled by surface fresh water and a deeper isothermal layer modulated by seasonal vertical convection, with regional difference on the source of low salinity water. In the former region the cold and fresh Antarctic Surface Water (ASW) is transported northward across the subantarctic front (SAF) by Ekman effect overlying the warm Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The resulting inversed temperature structure facilitates thick BL development. In the latter the BL emerges in the ventilation area where the shallow Surface Salinity Minimum Water (SSMW) coming from north leans against the deep vertical isotherms. In summer positive surface heat flux in the Southern Ocean dominates over other dynamics in the heat budget of the mixed layer. The MLD and ILD coincide and thus the BL is annihilated.

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S9-P10 Outer shelf of the Laptev Sea: Specific features of sedimentology processes O. Dudarev1,2, A. Charkin1, N. Shakhova2,3, T. Tesi4, O. Gustafsson4, I. Semiletov1,2,3 and A. Ruban2

1 Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Pacific Oceanological Institute, 43 Baltiiskaya Street, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Prospect Lenina, Tomsk, Russia 3 University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Arctic Research Center, Akasofu Building, Fairbanks, AK, USA 4 Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

Lithological investigations performed in the outer shelf of the East Siberian Seas revealed specific features in the structure and distribution of bottom sediments in the studied area. Predominant type of sediments found in the uppermost layers of sediments was mud (that is silt and clay) with particle size <0.01 mm. This is typical for the outer shelves and reflects lowering energy of the depositional environment and sediment maturity towards the shelf break. However, in some areas within the ESAS outer shelf, we found poorly sorted sediments comprised of multiple grain sizes – from <0.01 mm (mud) to >1 mm (coarse sand). Some authors described existence of such areas in the outer shelf of the Laptev Sea earlier without attributing such variability in sediment grain size to any processes. We hypothesize three possible mechanisms to explain intrusion of high energy processes into the low energy environment: 1) effect of geo-fluid and/or gas (methane) escape through open/deep taliks forming within subsea permafrost due to long-lasting warming by seawater and underlying fault zones (southern end of the Gakkel Ridge); 2) release of underground water through intra-permafrost hydraulic system; and 3) bottom erosion caused by ice-scouring.

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S11: FIS/POC Session Environmental variability in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems and impacts on fishery management strategies

S11-P1 Environmental impacts on the Bering Sea pollock spatial distribution, migrations and evaluating fishery management Mikhail A. Stepanenko and Elena V. Gritsay Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Pollock spatial distribution and recruitment in the Bering Sea are subjected on annual variability environmental factors. These may include direct impacts of variability environmental trends on distribution, seasonal migrations, recruitment and indirect through changes zooplankton community. The recruitment of pollock and strength of year classes have annual variability basically depending on young-of- the year fish survival during winter. The great annual differences of pollock seasonal migrations and distribution are related with variability temperature conditions and zooplankton abundance (basically euphasiids and copepods) in the Bering Sea. Understanding of environmental driven changes in pollock population can be used to improve predictions of assessed population and will positive affect on recreational fishing and commercial harvest. Environmentally- dependent strategy of fishery management need better predictions and strong environmental indicators. The selecting of main environmental factors for using as indicators based on analyses physical oceanography data, zooplankton species composition and abundance. In spite of high general productivity of the Bering Sea, deficit of high energy food is regular essential element of pollock population functioning. The resilience strategy of it behavior in periods with low trophic level are early northwestern feeding migrations and early back southeastern migration as adopt to changing environmental conditions. The most effective environmental indicators for predictions of spatial distributions and projecting to applied pollock fishery strategy in the Bering Sea are climate shift, water temperature, species compositions and abundance of zooplankton.

S11-P2 Distribution patterns of cephalopods on the Emperor Seamounts as revealed from bottom trawl catches Genndayi A. Shevtsov, Mikhail A. Zuev, Aleksandr L. Figurkin and Oleg N. Katugin Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Cephalopod species occurrence and distribution patterns were analyzed based on data collected during bottom fishing on the southern summits of Emperor Seamounts in the summer of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Most data came from the summit banks of Koko, Kanmu and Colahan seamounts. A total of 21 cephalopod species from 12 families were observed in bottom trawl catches. Most of the species were warm-water and of tropical origin, and only few represented south boreal fauna. Species assemblages on the seamount summits were compared using Shannon diversity index, and occurrence of different cephalopods was related to specific and rather variable oceanographic conditions on different seamounts.

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S11-P3 The specifics of gonad maturation and the terms of spawning in saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis (Til.)) on the coasts of Kamchatka Оlga Novikova Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Spawning of saffron cod populations on the west and east coasts of Kamchatka takes place in winter-spring period, but the character of gonad maturation and the terms of spawning are different and region-specific. In 1980–2015 on the west coast of Kamchatka (the Okhotsk Sea) the gonads of saffron cod in December were mostly at the maturity stage III (50%) or IV (29%). The peak of spawning was in the last half of February. A high number of saffron cod individuals with their gonads melting can be seen there only in February and sporadically (up to 4%) in March. The spawning period on the east coast (the Bering Sea) is much more extensive. The fish with gonads melting can be observed from December to April. In December about 20% of the stock demonstrate the gonad maturity stage V, and 62% — the stage IV. The massive, approximately two-week long spawning takes place in mid January. The spawning in case of «warm» year begins earlier than in case of «cold» on both coasts. When the year is «cold» the number of males and females on the west coast in February and the number of males and females on the east coast in January with the gonad maturity stage V is higher and with the stages VI, VI–II is lower than in a «warm» year.

S13: BIO Topic Session Joint PICES-ICES Session on Anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical processes, carbon export and sequestration: Impact on ocean ecosystem services

S13-P1 DOM and its optical characteristics on the East Siberian Arctic shelf: The spatial distribution and its inter-annual variability (2003-2016) Svetlana P. Pugach1,2, Irina I. Pipko1,2, Alexey S. Ruban2 and Igor P. Semiletov1,2,3

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 3 International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA

The Siberian rivers have among the highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of the world’s main rivers. The Great Siberian Rivers integrate meteorological and hydrological changes in their watersheds and play a significant role in the physical and biogeochemical regime of the Arctic Ocean. Given the magnitude of Siberian Arctic dissolved organic matter (DOM) export and the uncertain to which it is degraded to greenhouse gases, intensified studies to better quantify and understand this large carbon pool and processes acting on it are urgently needed. The East Siberian Arctic shelf is characterized by the highest rate of coastal erosion and significant volume of the riverine discharge which derived terrigenous DOM in the Arctic Ocean. The colored fraction of DOM, CDOM, directly affects the quantity and spectral quality of available light, thereby impacting on both primary production and UV exposure in aquatic ecosystems. Combined analysis of CDOM and DOC data obtained at near-annual basis in (2003-2016) demonstrate a high degree of correlation between these parameters. For all the measured samples taken during the cruises, there is an overall linear relationship between DOC concentration, CDOM, and salinity. Here we report the spatial-time variability of river-borne DOM in the

ESAS using CDOM as a proxy parameter. Higher absorption coefficients (aλ), spectral slope parameter over range

275-295 nm (S275-295) and CDOM concentrations reflect the dominant contribution of terrigenous DOM. Itis shown that the attenuation light coefficient in the shallow ESAS is mostly determined by riverine CDOM.

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BIO Contributed Paper Session

BIO-P1 Identification of myogenic regulatory genes in the muscle transcriptome of beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus): A major commercial marine fish species with robust swimming ability Hui Zhang1 and Weiwei Xian2

1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China 2 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

The beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus) is considered as one of the most economically important marine fish in East Asia. It is a top predator with a robust swimming ability that is a good model to study muscle physiology in fish. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (NextSeq500) to sequence, assemble and annotate the muscle transcriptome of juvenile beltfish. A total of 57,509,280 clean reads (deposited in NCBI SRA database with accession number of SRX1674471) were obtained from RNA sequencing and 26,811 unigenes (with N50 of 1033 bp) were obtained after de novo assembling with Trinity software. BLASTX against NR, GO, KEGG and egg NOG databases show 100%, 49%, 31% and 96% annotation rate, respectively. By mining beltfish muscle transcriptome, several key genes which play essential role on regulating myogenesis, including pax3, pax7, myf5, myoD, mrf4/myf6, myogenin and myostatinwere identified with a lowexpression level. The muscle transcriptome of beltfish can provide someinsight into the understanding of genome-wide transcriptome profile of teleost muscle tissue and give useful information to study myogenesis in juvenile/adult fish. The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41406136, No. 31272663 and U1406403), Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and environmental Science and Engineering, SOA (MESE-2015-02) and Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Project (MS12015118).

BIO-P2 Diatom biogeography: Abundance and species diversity of a major phytoplankton group in Korean coastal waters during winter Seung Won Jung

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Diatom composition and abundance during winter were determined for 114 sites along Korean coastal waters. We recorded 190 taxa (87.5% of total phytoplankton species) and a mean abundance of 2.89 × 105 cells L-1 (95.1% of total abundance). The Yellow, South, and East Seas contained 100 (mean: 2.31 × 105 cells L-1), 110 (5.56 × 105 cells L-1), and 143 (0.33 × 105 cells L-1) diatom species, respectively. The best represented of 28 common species were the Skeletonema dohrnii-marinoi complex in all three seas; Paralia sulcata in the Yellow Sea; Thalassiosira nordenskioldii, Chaetoceros laciniosus, and Eucampia zodiacus in the South Sea; and Licmophora grandis, Chaetoceros socialis, and Odontella aurita in the East Sea. Cluster analyses revealed seven groups: Yellow Sea communities formed one, but South and East Sea communities clustered into two and four groups, respectively. Our results are the first to clarify diatom winter biogeography throughout Korean coastal waters.

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BIO-P3 Seasonal and year-to-year variations in the surface copepodid population and egg production rate of Eucalanus californicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Sagami Bay, Japan Yusuke Ikawa1, Masumi Inui1, Tomohiko Kikuchi1, Tatsuki Toda2 and Shinji Shimode1

1 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan

Eucalanus californicus is one of the major secondary producers and performs seasonal ontogenetic vertical migration in the mid latitude area of the North Pacific Ocean. The species appears in the surface layer during spring phytoplankton bloom for feeding and reproduction, and diapauses in the deep depth (> 500 m) from summer to winter. Focusing on the relationship between the length of the surface occurrence period and the surface environments, we conducted monthly zooplankton samplings for five years from 2012 to 2016 in Sagami Bay, Japan. Egg production rate (EPR) experiments were also conducted from 2014 to 2016. In 2013 and 2015 among the five years, lower surface abundances of E. californicus, smaller oil sacs in CIV and CV and longer surface occurrences until July were observed, indicating that the species continued to feed, grow and reproduce during longer periods in the surface before starting dormancy in the deep depth. In addition, the average of EPR in 2015 was 3.5 egg female-1 day-1, which was comparatively low against those in the other years, since chlorophyll a concentrations were continuously lower than those of the other years. This result implies that the newly recruited population in 2015 might be limited. Our result suggest that year-to-year variations in the surface environmental conditions can regulate the population dynamics and recruitments of the species. (219 words)

BIO-P4 Coastal currents and effects of freshwater discharge on zooplankton aggregations in the Sea of Okhotsk Natalia Shlyk1, Konstantin Rogachev1 and Eddy Carmack2

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada

Here we focus on zooplankton of the coastal Sea of Okhotsk during a significant freshening event that occurred in 2013. The Shantar Archipelago is located in the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk and contains the wide and shallow Academy Bay, which are important whale feeding grounds. Cold water and the presence of a seasonal ice cover, appear to promote the presence of Arctic species of zooplankton. Satellite data used to determine ice drift and circulation features. Trajectories of individual ice floes obtained from satellites Aqua and Terra. We found that during freshening event the large anticyclonic eddy blocked the inflow of saline water from the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. We use and compare CTD and mooring data collected in different years to examine the relationship between hydrography and the aggregation of the dominant zooplankton species (copepods Calanus glacialis and pteropods Limacina helicina). Variation in tidal and subtidal advection of Okhotsk Sea shelf water with high salinity and containing large zooplankton aggregations was the most important process influencing variation in plankton concentrations. Cross-isobaths compression of copepods coupled with the behavioral maintenance of their vertical position by swimming against sinking is proposed as the main mechanism that results in zooplankton accumulation on the bottom slope. We show that the reduction of salinity accompanied by a significant decrease in abundance of copepods and pteropods. We surmise that freshening and strengthening of the coastal circulation is the major cause of the reduction of zooplankton abundance.

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BIO-P5 Transcriptome profling of Galaxea fascicularis and its endosymbiont Symbiodinium reveals chronic eutrophication tolerance pathways and metabolic mutualism between partners Zhenyue Lin1, Mingliang Chen1, Xu Dong1, Xinqing Zheng1, Haining Huang1, Xun Xu1 and Jianming Chen1,2

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Minjiang University, Fuzhou, PR China

In the South China Sea, coastal eutrophication in the Beibu Gulf has seriously threatened reef habitats by subjecting corals to chronic physiological stress. To determine how coral holobionts may tolerate such conditions, we examined the transcriptomes of healthy colonies of the galaxy coral Galaxea fascicularis and its endosymbiont Symbiodinium from two reef sites experiencing pristine or eutrophic regimes. We identified 236 and 205 genes that were differentially expressed in eutrophic hosts and symbionts, respectively. Both gene sets included pathways related to stress responses and metabolic interactions. An analysis of genes originating from each partner revealed striking metabolic integration with respect to vitamins, cofactors, amino acids, fatty acids, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The expression levels of these genes supported the existence of a continuum of mutualism in this coral-algal symbiosis. Additionally, large sets of transcription factors, cell signal transduction molecules, biomineralization components, and galaxin-related proteins were expanded in G. fascicularis relative to other coral species.

BIO-P6 Zooplankton production parameters in the north-western Bering Sea in the present period Elena Dulepova Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Center), 4 ShevchenkoAlley, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

On the basis of plankton surveys, conducted in the north-western Bering Sea in 2010–2015, the production characteristics of zooplankton were calculated and analyzed. Zooplankton was divided into two trophic groups: predatory (mainly chaetognaths and hyperiids) and non-predatory (copepods and euphausiids) zooplankton. Considerable variations of zooplankton production parameters were observed in for autumn period. This is due to the inter-annual dynamics of regional features of the size, taxonomic and trophic structure of zooplankton.The sharp decline in the copepod biomass after 2011 and the significant reduction in the biomass of euphausiids in 2013 were characteristic of the considered period in this region. All these features of the dynamics of copepods and euphausiids had an influence on the value of zooplankton production. The highest non-predatory zooplankton production was in 2010–2011 (up to 5081 mg/m3); the lowest, in 2012–2014 (up to 2716 mg/m3). Production of predatory zooplankton was the most significant in 2013 in the waters of the eastern part of the Gulf of Anadyr, which is associated with the presence of Themisto libellula. In general, non-predatory zooplankton in the northwestern part of the Bering Sea produced from 14.8 to 53.1 million tons during the autumn; predatory zooplankton, from 5.0 to 14.2 million tons.

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BIO-P7 Pathologic survey of Protozoan Parasites in different marine bivalve hosts in the South Coast of Korea using PCR and histology Hye-Mi Lee1, Hyun-Sil Kang1, Young-Ghan Cho1, Hee-Jung Lee2 and Kwang-Sik Choi1*

1 School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tidal Flat Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Kunsan

Degradation in coastal environmental quality is often imprinted on sessile or less mobile benthic animals, including oysters, mussels, and clams. In this study, we surveyed protozoan parasite infection in intertidal bivalves using histology and PCR. Molecular markers were designed to detect Perkinsus olseni, P. honshuensis, Marteilia granula and Haplosporidum nelsoni, in oyster, Crassostrea gigas, clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Coecella chinensis and mussel Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis. Perkinsus infection was also assayed using Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium assay (RFTM). RFTM indicated that 78% of R. philippinarum were infected by Perkinsus sp., with the mean intensity as 4.0x106 cells/g gill. P. olseni infection was also confirmed in the Chinese wedge clam C. chinensis, although the prevalence and intensity was low (2% and 1.0×105 cells/g gill). RFTM and histology showed no P. olseni infection among oysters and mussels, while the PCR yielded detectable signals from the two species. PCR and histology indicated that Manila clams were also infected by M. granula, a paramixian parasite responsible for mortality of clams. PCR and histology failed to show infection by Haplosporidium spp. PCR was found to be sensitive and fast to diagnose parasite infection in marine bivalves, while histology provided essential microscopic images of the parasites.

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FIS Contributed Paper Session

FIS-P1 A preliminary study on the nautical area scattering coefficient and distribution of mesopelagic fishes in the central-southern part of the South China Sea Jun Zhang, Yan’e Jiang, Zuozhi Chen and Yuyan Gong South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

In order to explore the abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of mesopelagic fishes in the central-southern part of the South China Sea, two acoustical surveys were conducted using a Simrad EK60 echosounder (38 kHz) in the Nansha, Zhongsha and Xisha areas in spring 2013 and in spring 2014, and the abundance and distribution were estimated by the echo–integration method. The NASC composition of fishes were insignificantly different between fish living in 10–200 m at night and 200–1000 m during the day in the Nansha area in spring 2013, but the differences were significant in the Zhongsha and Xisha areas in spring 2014. The NASC composition of fishes living in 200–1000 m during the day for the different latitude scope in the Nansha area presented significant differences, and the differences were also significant in the Zhongsha and Xisha areas. The NASC of mesopelagic fishes in the central-southern part of the South China Sea was 2387±601 m2 nmi-2. According toexisting mesopelagic fishes target strength parameters and the median value, we estimated the abundance of mesopelagic fishes in the central-southern part of the South China Sea to be 82±21 million tons. The research results indicated that the NASC of mesopelagic fishes in the central-southern part of the South China Sea was higher by 29.2% than the global average.

FIS-P2 Denitrification effect, substrate enzymatic activities and microbial information inan integrated vertical-flow marine constructed wetlands Yueyue Li1,2,3, Yanyan Wang1,2,3, Keming Qu1,2 and Zhengguo Cui1,2

1 Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China 3 Ocean University of China, PR China

Indoor and the outdoor integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands were constructed in order to investigate substrate enzymatic activities and microbial information in a marine aquaculture wastewater treatment system. The denitrification efficiency and the activities of urease, dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase in the surface fine sand substrate (0~5cm) of the outdoor system were analyzed. The results show that the system has a good denitrification efficiency under the condition of adding periodic continuous marine aquaculture wastewater. The urease, dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase in the surface fine sand substrate (0~5cm) of the outdoor system have a higher activity, and the surface of the downstream is higher than that of the upstream. The urease, dehydrogenase, and nitrate reductase are related to the denitrification process of the system.The constructed wetlands have a rich microbial community and differences in every substrate. At the phylum level, the Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacteria. And the Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Latescibacteria, Parcubacteria, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Acetothermia, Deferribacteres, Chlamydiae, Saccharibacteria, Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Hydrogenedentes, Spirochaetae , Lentisphaerae are the main microbial community, and they are distributed in every substrate. The Verrucomicrobia are distributed mainly on the surface substrate and the planting roots of the outdoor constructed wetlands, the Synergistetes and thermotogae are distributed mainly on the planting roots of the indoor constructed wetlands.

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FIS-P3 Histological observation of hermaphroditism of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792) Zhukova Kristina1 and Sergey S. Ponomarev2

1 Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Hermaphroditism is the simultaneous presence both male and female reproductive tissue in the same gonad (ovotestis). The occurrence of teratological intersexuality has been reported in many species of the Salmonidae family. The chum salmon is a gonochoristic species; there is no protandry and protogyny: sex differentiation proceeds in the male or female without an intermediate female or male phase. Hermaphroditism in this family species has been reported by many authors, but histological studies were not conducted. An intersexual chum salmon specimen was collected in the North Pacific near the Kuril Islands in 2016. The fork length of this specimen was 49.4 cm, age was 3 years, weight was 1474 g, and gonad weight was 6 g. The hermaphroditic gonad type was delimited by the classification of Sadovy and Shapiro (1987). Histological analysis revealed that testicular and ovarian structures were separated from each other by connective tissue. Normally developing germ cells were present in both male and female tissues. In the ovarian part the older generation of germ cells was represented by oocytes in the cortical alveoli stage and perinuclear oocytes were also present. The testes of the bisexual specimen contained primary spermatocytes. Gonad maturity of both males and females parts occurred at the same development phase.

FIS-P4 Development of habitat suitability index models of demersal fishes off the eastern coast of Japan Hiromichi Igarashi, Yoichi Ishikawa, Yusuke Tanaka, Takehisa Yamakita, Misako Matsuba, Yumiko Yara and Katsunori Fujikura Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

An accurate estimate of a potential habitat of fish species enables us not only to understand the response of species to environmental changes but also to utilize it for an efficient use of fish resources. Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are widely used as tools in ecological impact assessments, ecological restoration studies, and practical exploration of potential fishing zones. It describes the relationships between fish abundance and ocean environmental variables and then estimates the level of habitat suitability as an HSI score representing “poor” to “good” habitat qualities. In this study, we developed HSI models for several species of demersal fishes off the eastern coast of Japan by applying several machine learning algorithms to a Japanese commercial fishery dataset compiled by Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, that includes trawling catch data of more than 30 species of demersal fishes.We used an ocean reanalysis dataset FORA-WNP30 produced by JAMSTEC and MRI-JMA. The horizontal resolution is 0.1*0.1 degree of latitude and longitude with 54 vertical levels, which can provide realistic fields of 3-dimensional ocean circulation and environmental structures. We investigated the HSI response of several species to ocean environmental changes occurring off the eastern coast of Japan. The results indicated that the habitat distributions of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae and MIicrostomus achne could be influenced by the Oyashio intrusion that occurred in winter 2012. In addition, the time series of the CPUE of four demersal species during 1998-2014 were reproduced by the HSI model.

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FIS-P5 Estimation of trawl selectivity for four cephalopod species in the Yellow Sea Peng Sun, Yongjun Tian, Runlong Sun and Zhenlin Liang Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years, cephalopods showed an increasing trend globally and gradually became the dominant species in the China Seas. Actually, cephalopods are not the main target species in the Chinese costal fisheries, and they are usually bycatch of trawl fisheries. The status of the cephalopods is not well understood due to limited information. Here, based on trawler research surveys in the Yellow Sea, we construct selectivity curves of trawlers for four cephalopods species (Loligo japonica, Sepia esculenta, Octopus ocecllatus, Octopus variabilis) to estimate the relative density of cephalopod stocks in the Yellow Sea. Assuming the cephalopods with each mantle length class have the same stock density in the sampling sites, we obtained preliminary selectivity curves for each species based on the trawler survey data. Accordingly, the selectivity function can be determined based on the estimated trawl selectivity curve. Eventually the trawl selectivity for each cephalopod species was determined by adjusting the selectivity parameters and the number of each mantle length class using an objective function by minimizing the sum of the error squares. The selectivity evaluation of trawlers is the key issue for the assessment and management of fishery resources, particularly for bycatch species. Our results provide new insights for the assessment of cephalopod stocks by determining gear selectivity.

FIS-P6 Partitioning of food resources among three co-occurring scorpionfish in the coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea Zhongxin Wu1,2, Xiumei Zhang1, Charlotte R. Dromard3, James R. Tweedley2 and Neil R. Loneragan2

1 Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China. Email: [email protected] 2 Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia 3 UMR BOREA, CNRS 7208 – MNHN – UPMC – UCBN – IRD 207, Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », DYNECAR, Université des Antilles, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

The partitioning of food resources amongst three abundant co-occurring reef-associated scorpionfish, Hexagrammos agrammus, Hexagrammos otakii and Sebastes schlegelii, was examined at nearshore (< 100 m from shore) and offshore sites (~ 2 km from shore) in the coastal waters of Lidao, northern China, using stomach content and stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N). These three species consumed similar prey items, mainly a variety of crustaceans, fish, polychaetes and macroalgae, but the proportions of the items differed. Hexagrammos agrammus fed primarily on polychaetes, macroalgae and crustaceans, H. otakii on crustaceans and S. schlegelii on fish and crustaceans. Multivariate analyses showed that the dietary composition of the three scorpionfish in nearshore waters differed significantly. In offshore waters the diets of H. otakii and S. schlegelii were not significantly different with both species feding predominantly on shrimps and crabs. δ13C values varied significantly among the three scorpionfish at nearshore sites, suggesting niche segregation, probably as a way to reduce competition for food. The δ15N values also varied among the three species, with H. otakii and S schlegelii exhibiting greater values than H. agrammus, indicating that they were higher-level carnivores. No significant differences in isotopic signatures among H. otakii and S. schlegelii were detected in offshore waters. Bayesian mixing models further confirmed that all fish were carnivorous and that the main food sources (fish, shrimp and crabs) were assimilated in different proportions. However some discrepancies of prey items percentage contribution were detected between the results of stomach content observation and stable isotope model estimation, highlighting the importance of application of both complementary analysis methodology in comprehensively understanding food resource partitioning relationship. The evidenced portioning of food resources among the co-occuring three scorpionfish would reduce the potential competition for resources and account for their co-existing in large numbers.

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FIS-P7 Evaluation of the increasing trend of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus recruitment in the waters north and west off Kyushu island, Japan Akira Hayashi, Kei Suzuki, Soyoka Muko, Tohya Yasuda, Mari Yoda, Hiroyuki Kurota, Seiji Ohshimo and Motomitsu Takahashi Seikai National Fisheries Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Spawning stock biomass of the Tsushima Warm Current Stock of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus had stayed at a high (106–107 metric ton) level during the early 1980s and early 1990s, thereafter it had decreased to a low (<104 metric ton) level in the late 1990s. After the mid 2000s, an increasing trend has been seen in the commercial catch in waters north and west off Kyushu island (NWK). To evaluate that the increase is a true signal of stock increase, we examined spatial and temporal variations in catch per unit effort of the young of the year -1 sardine (CPUEYOY, kg tow ) obtained from midwater trawl surveys in summer from 1997 to 2016. The total of 344 trawling sites were divided into three sub-areas of North, Middle and South based on a generalized linear model using software R with the package “glm.tree” (Ichinokawa and Brodziak 2010). As an index of recruitment success, relative CPUE was calculated by dividing yearly mean CPUEYOY by the number of eggs collected in the

egg survey conducted in the NWK in a given year. Remarkable increase in CPUEYOY was found only in the North area after 2007. Relative CPUE in the North area drastically increased from 0.0 to 0.2–20.9 after 2005, suggesting an increase in recruitment probability of Japanese sardine in the NWK. The increase in commercial catch in the NWK is attributed to the increase in recruitment of the stock inhabiting these waters. Ichinokawa M and Brodziak J (2010) Using adaptive area stratification to standardize catch rates with application to North Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Fish Res 106, 249–260.

FIS-P8 The nekton community of the Pacific waters off the Kuril Islands and Northwestern Pacific: Trophic links and the amount of forage base consumption Alexey A. Khoruzhiy and Svetlana Naydenko Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The study of fish and squids feeding and the consumption of forage resources by nekton species allows us to examine trophic links in the nekton community and to assess the role of the most massive species in its trophic structure. This research is based on data obtained during TINRO trawl surveys in the upper pelagic layer (0-50 m) of the Pacific waters off the Kuril Islands and Northwestern Pacific in summer 2004-2016. In the early summer (June-July 2004-2013), the forage base consisted mainly of copepods (60 %) and chaetognaths (26 %), while amphipods and euphausiids’ share amounted to only 7 %. The largest share of the nekton community biomass belonged to myctophids (32 %), and salmon (23 %). Analysis of the data on forage base consumption by nekton species showed that salmon consumed 32 % of the total amount and mesopelagic fish (basically myctophids) consumed 24 %. Generally nekton species diet consisted of copepods (38 %) and euphausiids (29 %). The following main energy transfer pathways were: euphausiids → pink salmon; copepods → myctophids. The highest grazing pressure fell on pteropods (33 %) and amphipods (17 %). However, the total consumption of forage resources did not exceed 2 % of the total biomass. Due to mass migrations of subtropical fish, such as chub mackerel S. japonicus and Japanese sardine S. melanostictus, in June-July and July-August 2014-2016, the composition of the dominant species in the nekton community changed and these subtropical species became the main consumers of forage resources, accounting for up to 80 % of the total consumption. Total nekton biomass tripled and the amount of consumption also increased by three to five times. Therefore the most significant energy transfer pathways were: copepods → chub mackerel; euphausiids → chub mackerel; copepods → Japanese sardine. Despite this, the total grazing pressure on forage resources did not exceed 18 % of the stock.

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FIS-P9 Mesopelagic species in the upper epipelagial layer of the deep-sea part of Okhotsk Sea in summer and autumn periods Pavel O. Emelin Presented by Aleksei Khoruzhiy (for Pavel O. Emelin) Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

This study is based on data collected by identical methods during 15 regular trawl surveys conducted in the summer and autumn period from 1998 to 2003, as well as in 2011 and 2012. All abundance estimates used in this study are determined for the deep-sea part of Okhotsk Sea (total area south of 540N; 772.86 thousand km2). The selected data consisted of 752 trawl stations, 322 of which (123 at night) were conducted in summer, and 430 (200 at night) in autumn. The long-time annual average numbers of mesopelagic species, collected during one survey in summer and autumn, was almost identical - 5.75 and 6.25, respectively. In summer, the number of mesopelagic species varied from 5 (1999, 2000, 2003, 2011) to 7 (2002 and 2012). Their total biomass value ranged from 49.79 (2001) to 1673.43 thousand tons (2012), with an average of 697.42 thousand tons. For the autumn period, the number of mesopelagic species varied from 5 (1999, 2002, 2003) to 9 (2012). Their total biomass ranged from 106.99 (2011) to 1023.81 thousand tons (2000), with the average value of 409.23 thousand tons. In summer, not only the higher total biomass of mesopelagic fish and squid, but also their contribution to the composition of the nektonic community was observed. Their contribution varied widely from 4.93 (2001) to 89.32% (2002), the long- time annual average was 43.71% of the biomass of all fish and squid. In autumn, the contribution of mesopelagic species was lower, and varied from 7.17 (2003) to 72.41% (2000), with a long-time annual average value of 32.25% of the biomass of all fish and squid. In summer, northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti) was dominant most often in the biomass structure of the entire nektonic community. Meanwhile, another mesopelagic species - the boreopacific squid (Boreoteuthis borealis) was a subdominant. In autumn, when juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was dominant most often, the northern smoothtongue was a subdominant.

FIS-P10 Development of stereo camera methodologies to improve pelagic fish biomass estimates and inform ecosystem management in marine waters Jennifer Boldt1, Kresimir Williams2, Chris Rooper2, Rick Towler2 and Stéphane Gauthier3

1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, USA 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, Canada

Integrated research and long-term monitoring of marine fish are required to support the management of sustainable ecosystems. Time series of fish biomass are used in species-specific stock assessments, or ecosystem models that are then applied in setting total allowable catches or to assess the state of ecosystems. One challenge in acquiring a time series of fish biomass is that catchability or availability of fish to survey gear can change with habitat, weather, or vessel traffic conditions. Additionally, trawl samples are costly in terms of time and effort required to deploy the net and process the resultant catch. Underwater stereo-cameras have shown promise in providing a non-lethal, efficient, and cost-effective method to observe and measure fish in areas that cannot be sampled otherwise, but these methods have yet to be demonstrated for mid-water pelagic or semi-pelagic fishes. We designed, built, and utilized a stereo-camera for fish identification and length measurements in the water column. Results demonstrated that a stereo-camera can be a viable tool for acoustic target verification of fish species and measurements of fish length, tilt, and yaw. Challenges of stereo-cameras include small sample sizes and difficulty identifying small fish. Benefits of stereo-cameras are that it is an efficient, non-lethal tool that acquires depth- specific species composition. In addition, fish tilt measurements have implications for acoustic target strength values, which can affect biomass estimates. Stereo-camera technology is proving to be a useful tool for studying fish in the water column.

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FIS-P11 Migrations of rat-tail and greenland halibut in the Okhotsk Sea Vladimir Tuponogov and Nadezhda Aseeva Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia Email: [email protected]

Seasonal migrations of two deep-water fish species, as rat-tail and greenland halibut are considered for the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent Pacific waters on the data of 193 trawl surveys (both bottom and pelagic) conducted from 1963 to 2016, taking into account dynamics of trawl, net, and longline commercial catches, location of the spawning grounds and distribution of different size groups of these species. Large-scale migrations of both species are determined for the first time, ranged in hundreds of miles. The following schemes of the migrations are presented: i) the rat-tails migrate from the Pacific waters to the Okhotsk Sea side of northern Kuril Islands in winter-spring and backward to the Pacific side in summer, to their spawning grounds; ii) the greenland halibuts migrate from the continental slope of Kamchatka southward to the slope of Kuril Islands in winter-spring and backward in summer-autumn, to their spawning grounds at Kamchatka. The schemes are principally different between these species because of their different life cycles, so far as rat-tail is a proper deep-water species and greenland halibut is a secondary deep-water species. The presented schemes are strongly generalized and real ones can vary in dependence on large-scale changes of environments.

FIS-P12 Environmental influence on Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis spatial distribution and migration in the Eastern Okhotsk Sea Roman Novikov Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The work is based on the data collected in 1985-2015 during bottom trawl surveys on fishing vessels. Analysis of distribution of Pacific Halibut in the Eastern Okhotsk Sea has revealed two plots of a longterm and relatively stable increased density of the fish, where they are stirring no matter what season. The plots near the west coast of Kamchatka are situated: one on the shelf (from 51º30Ń to 53º 30Ń) and the other in the upper part of continental slope and (from 55º30Ń to 57º30Ń). The density of the fish there answers local hydrological terms, because the plots are in the area of powerful rotations. In general the distribution of the species during the year mainly depends on the water temperature dynamics in the demersal horizon, and in summer the dynamics predetermines distribution of mass forage organisms.

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MEQ Contributed Paper Session

MEQ-P1 Assessment of contamination in the coastal zone around Vladivostok and benthos status in 2016 Alexander V. Moshchenko, Tatyana A. Belan, Boris M. Borisov, Tatyana S. Lishavskaya and Alexander V. Sevastianov Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Results of environmental survey in coastal zone of Peter the Great Bay in 2016 are presented. Data obtained included contents of selected metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, phenols in sediments and species composition and quantitative parameters of benthos. The aim of this report is to study the ecological conditions in the coastal zone around Vladivostok in 2016, and reveal ecological status of benthic communities. The most dramatically ecological situation observed at the Holden Horn and Diomid Inlets, due to the highest level of anthropogenic impact. Benthos characterized by lowest values of taxonomic diversity, as well as biomass, but high density of opportunistic species. Ecological status of benthos varies from bad to poor. Ecological situation in Amursky Bay is at moderate level. Worsening of ecological state of benthos in these areas was caused both by high level of chemical contamination and oxygen deficiency (and by complex of factors connected) that is permanent at the north of Golden Horn Inlet and seasonal in the east part of Amursky Bay. Relatively good state and wide species diversity of animals were found in East Bosphorus Strait and Ussurisky Bay (good and high), where the level of contamination was less notably, and events of oxygen starvation were observed infrequently and were expressed in less degree.

MEQ-P2 Oxygen regime in the rivers flowing into the Japan/East Sea as an indicator of anthropogenic impact Anna S. Vazhova Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Chemical parameters of the waters in 8 rivers of the Japan/East Sea basin were monitored in all seasons of 2016. They differed significantly by their oxygen regime. The data on dissolved oxygen content (DO) in the river water were used for hierarchical cluster analysis by Ward method with the Euclidean distance as a measure of similarity. Two types of the oxygen regime were identified: several rivers represented the natural seasonal changes of the oxygen content and several others – its changes under a strong anthropogenic impact. The minimum DO were recorded in winter period in the samples from the largest Suyfen/Razdolnaya River with a prominent part of the drainage basin located in China (1.9 ml L-1, 19.7 %) and from the Knevichanka River with the whole basin located in southern Primorye, Russia (0.9 ml L-1, 8.7%). Spring aeration caused by phytoplankton and macrophytes bloom was observed everywhere, but in the rivers of the latter group it was accompanied by growth of biochemical -1 oxygen demand, with BOD5 index exceeding the maximal permissible concentration (MPC = 2.1 ml L ) in 3-5 times in spring and summer. This huge oxygen demand determined the lowered DO in these two rivers in other seasons. Other rivers in the southern Primorye (Ryazanovka, Barabashevka, Kievka, Partizanskaya, Sokolovka, Artemovka) could be considered as “clean” ones, following to Russian standards of water quality. Seasonal variability of oxygen content in their waters is driven by changes of water temperature and photosynthesis.

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MEQ-P3 Soft bottom macrozoobenthos of Peter the Great Bay and chemical contamination of marine environment Alexander V. Moshchenko, Tatyana A. Belan, Boris M. Borisov, Tatyana S. Lishavskaya and Alexander V. Sevastianov Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Results of benthos investigations in Peter the Great Bay for 1992−2016 are presented. Data included average number of taxonomic groups and species per station, Shannon-Wiener index, density, biomass, Clark’s statistics (G, S, H’, A, B and W). Contamination level was characterized by TPF index. The aim of this report is to study the effects of contamination on composition and abundance of macrozoobenthos. At the area studied 488 species of macrozoobenthos were found. Polychaetes dominated in species number (178), bivalves and amphipods included 73 and 72 species, correspondingly. Bivalves prevailed in biomass and polychaetes did so in population density (46.2 and 62.1 %). Changes of all benthos parameters were not monotonous along gradient of contamination. Values of G, S, H’ remained at similar level (B diminished clearly) within range of “zero − moderate contamination” and then they dropped sharply under transition from moderate level to heavy one. Population density increased at initial stage of contamination and underwent sharp drop within the same range as other parameters. The most expressed decrease of W statistics occurred for the range of “heavy − extreme” contamination. Changes of all parameters along TPF gradient were statistically significant. Thus, contamination is one of the most important factors affected benthic populations in the region studied.

MEQ-P4 Levels of artificial radionuclides in squid from northwestern Pacific after Fukushima accident Wen Yu 1, Jianhua He1, Mathew P. Johansen2, Yusheng Zhang1 and Wu Men1

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization

In order to enhance the understanding of potential impact from Fukushima accident on marine biota in northern Pacific, 13 composite samples of squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) obtained at northwestern Pacific in December 2011 were analyzed for a wide range of radionuclides (Cs-134, Cs-137, Ag-110m, U-238, Ra-226 and K-40). The radiological dose and relevant risk for the species and for human via consumption of these squid were assessed with the commonly used method. Last but not least, the whole-body to tissue and muscle to gut concentration ratios of several radionuclides were calculated and reported, providing a simple method to estimate the whole- body concentration in the environmental monitoring programs.

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MEQ-P5 Spatio-temporal variation of radiocesium in sea sediment East of Japan after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident Daisuke Ambe1, Shigeho Kakehi2, Mikiko Tanaka1, Toru Udagawa3, Yuya Shigenobu1, Kazuaki Tadokoro2, Daisuke Hasegawa2, Shizuho Miki1 and Takami Morita1

A large amount of radionuclide (mainly I-131, Cs-134, Cs-137) was released into the environment from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO) following the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in March 2011. Most of the radionuclide released to the ocean was transported and diffused by the ocean currents to the open ocean area; but a part of the released radiocesium which has strong particle adsorption property continues to remain on the sea-bottom of the east coast of Japan. Therefore, as part of elucidating the influence of these radioactive materials on marine benthic ecosystems, the Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA) has addressed an issue to comprehend the spatio-temporal distributions of the radiocesium concentration in sea sediment since 2012. Radiocesium was mainly distributed in surface sediment in the coastal area off Ibaraki, Fukushima and Miyagi prefectures during the early survey. However, while those near shore concentrations have been decreasing recently, the concentration in the offshore area and/or in the deeper sediment layers tended to increase slightly. This result is consistent with our numerical study, which demonstrated the transportation of sediment to the southern offshore area. The total amount of radiocesium in the whole survey area tended to temporally monotonically decrease. These results indicate that the potential effect of the sea sediment on marine ecosystem has been steadily decreasing.

MEQ-P6 Persistent Organic Pollutants in black-tailed gull eggs from South Korea Gi Myung Han1, Sang Hee Hong1,2*, Mi Jang1,2, Lian Hong1, Won Joon Shim1,2 and Un Hyuk Yim1,2

1 Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, R Korea 2 Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

Eggs have been used successfully as a non-destructive monitoring tool for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. Seabird eggs have long been used as biomonitors for long-term monitoring of environmental contaminants in the Europe and North America. In South Korea, national monitoring program on environmental contaminants has been run primarily for coastal sediment and bivalves, while biomonitoring program for high-tropic marine species such as marine mammals and seabirds has not been established yet. This study was performed to find out the best approach and strategy for seabird monitoring, and to identify the levels and profiles of contaminants in seabird eggs inhabiting along the Korean coasts. Black-tailed gull eggs were collected from breeding places located in the southern (Hong-do), eastern (Dok-do), and western (Seoman-do) coasts and egg content was used for chemical analysis. Among the target analytes, PCBs and DDTs showed highest levels at all sites, indicating their great bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential. The overall level of contaminants was highest in eggs from the eastern coast, which might be related to foraging range and food quality of seabird. However, PBDEs showed high levels in western coast. The relatively persistent isomers or congeners of each compound such as p,p’-DDE, β-HCH, BDE-47, α-HBCD were dominantly accumulated in seabird eggs.

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MEQ-P8 An in-situ monitoring system for gamma radionuclides in seawater Jianhua He, Wen Yu, Wu Men and Yusheng Zhang Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

A removable in -situ monitoring system for gamma radionuclides in seawater was developed, and was tested with standard solution of radionuclides onboard. The results show that the lower limits of detection is about 0.36 Bq/L, which is lower than the limit value 0.7 Bq/L of Chinese Sea Water Quality Standard, for 137Cs in sweater in one hour with the detection efficiency of 0.018%. This system could be used for the monitoring of gamma radionuclides in seawater in emergency status. Kew words: Gama radionuclides, Seawater, Monitoring system, In-situ

MEQ-P9 Contamination the Japanese Scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1856) by the filamentous fungi (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) Oleg G. Borzykh and Lubov V. Zvereva National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Mycological investigation of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay) (Bivalvia) from different areas of the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) was conducted. In total, 72 species of filamentous fungi from 30 genera of ascomycetes, anamorphic fungi, and zygomycetes were isolated from internal organs of Japanese scallop. The complex of filamentous fungi associated with the Japanese scallop from the Amur Bay includes 35 species of 16 genera, complex of filamentous fungi from Japanese scallop from coastal waters of the Rikorda Island comprises 39 species of 19 genera and complex of filamentous fungi from Japanese scallop from Vostok Bay comprises 15 species of 8 genera. A low degree of the similarity in species composition of complexes of the filamentous fungi in bivalves from marine habitats with different indicators of environmental quality and degree of anthropogenic load was revealed. Species richness of the conditionally pathogenic and toxigenic filamentous fungi, primarily the fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Chaetomium, in internal organs of the bivalve mollusks increases in contaminated coastal waters. Strains of filamentous fungi are stored in the Bioresource Centre of Microorganisms “Marine Biobank” NSCMB FEB RAS.

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POC Contributed Paper Session

POC-P1 Okhotsk troposphere cyclone as the general factor for ice cover formation in Tatar Strait and in the Okhotsk sea Larisa Muktepavel1, T. Shatilina1, G. Tsitsiashvili2, I. Tsypysheva1 and T. Radchenkova2

1 Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO-Centre), Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Applied Mathematics, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IAM FEBRAS), Russia

During the winter the air circulation along Eastern Asia coast depends on a middle troposphere dish mode. The Okhotsk troposphere cyclone (OTC) and its cold core are positioned in the Southern part of the trough-dish above the North-West part of the Okhotsk Sea. This study examines the relationship between ice cover conditions in the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait and shifts in the OTC climatic location. Using satellite data of GCOM-W1/AMSR2 and MODIS Terra we show that extreme ice cover years in the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait are related to OTC position. The location and intensity of the OTC control the trajectory and strength of near-surface cyclones above the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait. During a southward shift of the OTC, the Tsushima current intensifies leading to the early ice melting in Tatar Strait. Anomalous warm condition for the ice cover in March occurred in 2015. In contrast, during a northward shift of the OTC, the Tsushima current weakens favoring an increase in ice cover. This observed mechanism and patterns of extreme ice cover formation in the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait can be used to forecast ice cover in commercial areas of the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait.

POC-P2 Mean sea-level rises and coastal vulnerability along the Korea coasts Kwang-Young Jeong1, Tae-soon Kang2, Hyung-min Oh2, Songmin Do1 and Eunil Lee1

1 Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), Busan, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 GeoSystem Research Corporation, Gunpo, R Korea

Sea-level changes along the Korea coasts have been estimated based on the selected 18 tide-gauge records of the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) over the last several decades. The sea level has risen 3.35 mm/yr in the east, 3.02 mm/yr in the south, and 1.06 mm/yr in the west, with an average rate of about 2.68 mm/yr. The purpose of this study is to develop a coastal vulnerability assessment system (CVAS) related to long- term sea level rises (SLR) with the basic framework of IPCC. Three coastal vulnerability indices, the CEI (Coastal Exposure Index: SLR), the CSI (Coastal Sensitivity Index: human, physical and geographical sensitivity) and the CAI (Coastal Adaptation Index: socio-economic and governmental adaptation), are developed to evaluate the CII (Coastal Impact Index) and the CVI (Coastal Vulnerability Index). Assessment of coastal vulnerability was applied to the coastal zone in South Korea. An indicators database (D/B) was constructed using numerical modeling along with national statistics information. The Indicator D/B was generated with spatial data in coastal areas by GIS analysis, and then classified into five categories using probability distributions. The results of assessment show three types of risk areas: (1) high exposure areas (Jeju, Pohang), (2) high sensitivity areas (Incheon, Changwon and Busan), and (3) low adaptation areas (Haenam, Jindo). These results provide decision makers with critical information for preserving and improving the safety and well-being of the coastal zone.

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POC-P3 Interannual variation of solar heating in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean Yushiro Tsukada1, Hiromichi Ueno1, Naoki Ohota1, Motoyo Itoh2, Eiji Watanabe2, Takashi Kikuchi2, Shigeto Nishino2 and Kohei Mizobata3

1 Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 3 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Arctic sea ice cover in summer has declined rapidly over the past few decades. The albedo of sea ice is much higher than that of open water; reduction of sea ice cover is associated with increase of solar heating in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we focus on solar heating in the Chukchi Sea located in the Pacific side of the Arctic Ocean where remarkable sea ice reduction has occurred. The Chukchi Sea is a pathway of Pacific Water from the Bering Strait to the Arctic Basin. The heat transport of the Pacific Water through the Bering Strait, which has increased recently, plays an important role in a decrease in sea-ice formation during winter as well as sea-ice melt in summer in the Canada Basin. Although the Pacific Water heat transport through the Bering Strait is becoming clearer, we expect that solar heating significantly modifies the Pacific Water in the Chukchi Sea. Therefore, we estimate solar heating in the Chukchi Sea through analysis of satellite-derived sea ice concentration data as well as reanalysis data of shortwave radiation, and discuss the role of the solar heating in the Chukchi Sea in the heat transport into the Arctic Basin. We also use in-situ shortwave radiation data obtained by R/V Mirai to validate the reanalysis data of shortwave radiation in the Chukchi Sea.

POC-P4 Sea ice detection for the Bohai Sea using MODIS IST data Lijian Shi1,2, Mingsen Lin1,2, Bin Zou1,2, Tao Zeng1,2 and Yarong Zou1,2

1 National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, PR China

The Bohai Sea is a seasonal ice covered semi-enclosed basin located in the northeast coast of China. Sea ice in the Bohai Sea is a serious threat to marine navigation, off-shore constructions and the fishery industry. Monitoring of the Bohai sea ice is of great importance for preventing sea ice-related disasters and for better managing and planning of offshore activities. Sea ice parameters retrieved from satellite remote sensing technology include sea ice extent, ice edge location, concentration, and thickness classifications. MODIS’ spatial resolution and wide spatial coverage allows a better representation of the distribution and thickness of ice compared to other sensonrs, and is therefore more useful for sea ice detection and forecasting. In this study, MODIS Level 1B data is used to supply the sea ice extent and thickness. Based on the spectral characteristics of sea ice and threshold segmentation method, sea ice extent is retrieved. Level ice thickness was calculated using MODIS ice surface temperature and an ice surface heat balance equation. The retrieved ice thickness agreed reasonable well with in situ observations from two off-shore oil platforms. The MODIS results under cold conditions (air temperature < -10 ºC) also agreed with the estimated ice growth from Lebedev and Zubov models. Our method is feasible for the Bohai Sea operational ice thickness analyses during cold freezing seasons. These results provide an important source of information for monitoring sea ice in the Bohai Sea and providing initial data for sea ice forecasting. It is also a good reference for verifying sea ice forecasting.

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POC-P5 Development of a medium range ocean prediction model for the seas around Korea Heeseok Jung1, Chan Joo Jang1,2 and Sukyung Kang3

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea 3 National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea

Due to a decline of total catch production in Korean waters during the recent decade, the prediction of ocean conditions for the management and recovery of fishery resources has emerged as an important goal. Since fishery resources are influenced by the marine environment, changes in marine environment especially due to a climate change should be considered to predict the fishery resources. However, a medium range (2 ~ 6 months) prediction of marine environmental change has been rarely performed. Here we report on a newly developed medium range ocean prediction model for the Northwest Pacific that includes the seas around Korea. A three-month re- forecast simulation was conducted to validate the model against the NCEP CFSv2 data, which is also used as an atmospheric forcing and open boundary condition. We analyzed the last month (March of 2016) of the simulation output and verified that the model successfully re-forecasted the temperature anomaly distribution of sea water from the surface to 500 m depth. As observed, the model showed a positive anomaly compared to the normal year averaged for 1982-2010, especially in the regions with warm currents such as Kuroshio and Tsushima, East Korea Warm Current, and Yellow Sea. Our results suggest that the developed medium range ocean prediction model can be used to predict the marine environment at least three month in advance. Our future plan is to couple the ocean prediction model with a biological model and to apply the model to a prediction of fishery resources on a medium range.

POC-P6 Argos drifters reveal amplification of tidal currents in the Oyashio Konstantin Rogachev and Natalia Shlyk Pacific Oceanological Institute, Baltiyskaya St., Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

The south-flowing waters of the Kamchatka and Oyashio currents and west-flowing waters of the Alaskan Stream are key components of the western subarctic Pacific gyre. The dissipation of tidal energy in shallow and coastal regions of these currents and the resulting mixing is an important process that affects upper layer temperature and salinity. An example of the impact of tidal currents on water temperatures is the persistent tidally driven mixing above Kruzenshtern Bank in the Oyashio current. Drifter observations used to understand the characteristics of tidal currents over the bank reveal the existence of a mean anticyclonic circulation. We suggest that the amplified diurnal tidal currents over the Bank are caused by the resonance with diurnal shelf waves. For the steep slopes of the bank, the frequency of shelf waves is found to be close to the diurnal tidal frequencies. The velocity dominated by diurnal signals. The K1 and O1 tidal ellipses are clockwise. The enhanced tidal currents suggest that cold spots in summer are due to diapycnal mixing with subsurface cold intermediate water. We found that the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle is a significant feature of salinity at the temperature minimum in the Oyashio over the period 1990- 2015. Significant salinity variations are found to be driven by the 18.6-year nodal modulation. These variations correlate with tidal mixing and may have important consequences for biological productivity.

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POC-P7 Carbonate characteristics of the western Chukchi Sea Shelf Irina I. Pipko1,2, Svetlana P. Pugach1,2, Igor P. Semiletov1,2,3, Yuliia A. Moiseeva2 and Kseniia P. Shcherbakova1,2

1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 3 International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA

Variability of the Arctic climate has affected many aspects of the Arctic environment, especially in the Pacific sector of the Arctic. The primary implication is that today’s Arctic cryosphere (glaciers, frozen ground, and sea ice) and biosphere (terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine) are not at steady state; they have changed and will continue to change in response to evolving Arctic climate. Like everywhere in the Arctic, understanding of environmental change in the Chukchi Sea is hindered by sparse data. Here we focus on the carbonate system data collected in the western (Russian) part of the Chukchi Sea over > 15 years (2000-2016). Our data exhibit a strong mesoscale and interannual variability of carbonate system parameters in the surface

seawater. The aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) was highly variable but has also been decreasing overall in the upper waters from 2000 to 2011. Despite strong sea ice loss, waters heating and storm increasing, the surface

waters in this area have been consistently undersaturated by CO2 with respect to the atmosphere. The lowest pCO2 values were found in the areas of highest primary production. Notable localized exceptions, where CO2 outgassing occurs, include the well-mixed waters near Bering Strait. Combining our carbonate system data set with the available literature data we suggest that the entire Chukchi Sea during the ice-free season absorbs ~12-15× 1012 g C, and that a significant part of this carbon is transferred to the deep layers and insulated from contact with the atmosphere for a long time.

POC-P8 SST variations in the Northwest Pacific related to West Pacific Teleconnection Pattern Anna A. Artemyeva Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

The spatial and temporal structures of the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) variations and the West Pacific Teleconnection Pattern (WP) are examined. Statistically significant correlation of interannual changes is noted in two large areas: high positive correlation coefficients (r > 0.5) in the zone located to the south from Kuroshio current and close negative correlation (r ~ -0.6) in the central North Pacific. Changes in the correlation sign occur over the Subarctic frontal zone. The closest relationship was found between the January WP and February SST anomalies (with 1 month lag), consistent with the SST response to WP forcing. During the period 1950-2016, one regime shift in the variability of WP was observed: lower values of the index prevailed until 1986 and increased afterwards. In the southern region, SST variability is characterized by the same regime shift with higher values occurring in 1987/1988. However, in the northern region, three climatic regimes were found: before 1974, between 1975-2008 and after 2009. Composite analysis of the events with positive and negative WP phase showed differences in the cyclones trajectories and the position of the upper atmospheric ridges over the Northeast Pacific or along the west North American coast, similar to those found by Rodionov et al. (2007). The important determining factor is intensive air-sea interaction under advection of cold and dry air in the rear of cyclones.

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POC-P9 The transition of the sea surface temperature long-term trend in the Yellow and East China Seas in the late 1990s: Effects of the North Pacific regime shift Yong Sun Kim1, Chan Joo Jang1,2 and Sang-Wook Yeh3

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627, Republic of Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea 3 Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea

The Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) are widely believed to have experienced a robust warming since the 1980s. However, after the warming reached its peak in the late 1990s, the sea surface temperature (SST) reveals a basin-scale cooling trend in the YECS. To understand the mechanism of the decadal transition in the YECS SST, this study investigates its relationship with the large-scale climate variability around the YECS using a basin mode of YECS SST estimated from the optimum interpolation SST (OISST) for 33 years (1982−2014). The principal component (PC) of a basin mode in the YECS varies coherently with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) before the late 1990s; however, the correlation between the PC and the PDO dramatically decreases to insignificant levels after the late 1990s, indicating a potential regime shift in the dynamical linkage between the YECS and the North Pacific. Instead of the PDO, after the late 1990s, the winter SST in the YECS is more closely associated with the variation of the Siberian High along with its intensification, suggesting that the intensified Siberian High in recent decades has played an increasing role in forming the recent surface cooling trend of the YECS through the increase in the latent and sensible heat fluxes.

POC-P11 Oceanographic conditions in the northwestern Japan Sea based on satellite information and data from the regular ‘TSUGARU’ transect in winter 2000-2015 Alexander A. Nikitin, B.S. Djakov and A.V. Kapshiter Pacific Scientific Fisheries Research Center, 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Oceanographic conditions in the Northwestern Japan Sea are estimated by using satellite altimetry and infrared imagery, and data from the regular ‘TSUGARU’ hydrological transect in winter 2000-2015. By combining the water mass information along the transect with the thermal and dynamic structures from satellite imagery, we characterize cold, warm and intermediate periods in the data. Specifically, we identify the cold (2013), warm (2004, 2007-2008, 2010-2011, and 2014-2015), and intermediate (2000-2003, 2005-2006, 2009, and 2012) years. Important attributes that characterize these periods are the condition of the Primorye (Liman) Current, the location and branching of the Subarctic Front, the development of the warm water belt along 42°N, and condition of the Tsushima Current.

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General Poster Session

GP-P1 The great 2011 Tohoku tsunami on the Mexican coast: Spectral analysis and energy parameterization Oleg Zaitsev1, Alexander B. Rabinovich2,3 and Richard E. Thomson2

1 Instituto PolitécnicoNacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Ave. IPN, s/n, Playa Palode Santa Rita, LaPaz, B.C.S., México. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada 3 Russian Academy of Sciences, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

The great tsunami generated by the Tohoku (East Japan) earthquake of 11 March 2011 (Mw 9.0) caused catastrophic damage and loss of life in Japan and was recorded throughout the Pacific Ocean. This tsunami was recorded along the entire Mexican Pacific coast by tide gauges and offshore DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) stations. Statistical and spectral analyses of these records enabled us to estimate the principal parameters of the waves along the coast and to compare statistical features of the tsunami with other tsunamis recorded on this coast. Based on these analyses, we identified coastal “hot spots”, corresponding to sites having maximum tsunami risk, where wave heights exceeded 1.5-2 m and tsunami-induced currents were strong enough to close port operations. Based on joint spectral analyses of the tsunamis and background noise, we reconstructed the spectra of tsunami waves in the deep ocean and found that they were in close agreement with the “true” tsunami spectra evaluated from DART records. The energy of the Tohoku tsunami derived from the total open-ocean tsunami energy and frequency content of the individual events was compared with the corresponding results from the Chilean tsunami of 2010.

GP-P2 Establishment of marine ecosystem forecasting systems in China Guimei Liu, Xuanliang Ji, Jingjing Zheng and Shan Gao National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a new generation of operational marine forecasting systems for the China coastal seas and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean is established. With the consideration of biological characteristics in China seas, the growth and mortality formulas of marine organism has been modified according to the observations and other modeled results. After a series of experiment, a biological model including 12 components is selected to establish the 3-D physical-biogeochemical model. As for the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, the horizontal resolution of the coupled model is 1/12°×1/12°, the vertical levels are 22 sigma levels. While for the Bohai sea, the Yellow sea and the East China sea, the model has a higher resolution with 1/15°×1/15°×30 sigma levels. Both of the models are forced by the air-sea fluxes (wind stress, long wave radiation, short wave radiation, sensible heat and latent heat, freshwater fluxes) for WRF and GFS, and predict the biological variables including nitrate, ammonium, Chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen concentrations for the next five days with a daily resolution.

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GP-P3 Investigation results of pollution of Uglovoy Bay in winter of 2017 (Peter the Great Bay, Japan/East Sea) Oleg V. Losev1, Valery I. Petukhov1 and Evgeniya A. Petrova1,2

1 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia

Small half-closed bights and bays in the basin of Peter the Great Bay are traditionally considered as acute anthropogenic impact areas. Industrial and domestic sewage water comes along with a river runoff. One of these water areas is Uglovoy Bay was previously known as the basin with deposits of silt therapeutic muds and oysters grounds. Environmental pollution monitoring of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Co) and petroleum hydrocarbons is being conducted since 2010 in winter. Pollutants content analysis in marine environment is being performed with atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Samples seawater, sea ice and bottom sediments were the research subject. The data sampling of the winter of 2017 show a significant decrease of contamination as compared to the data of previous years. It might be relate to an influence of Typhoon Lionrock that made landfall in September, 2016. Exceeding MAC (maximum allowable concentration) of Mn, Fe, Pb, Cu and Hg were noted only for surface layer of seawater in northern part of the Bay. Ice cores investigation allowed to reveal higher concentration Cu for all sampling station and Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni at one, where significantly influence of a river runoff. Assessment of bottom sediment pollution was performed with enrichment factor (EF). The EF values point out a minor enrichment (1-3) of bottom sediments with heavy metals.

GP-P4 Echinocardium cordatum from the Sea of Japan is not the same species as from North Sea Salim Dautov and Svetlana Kashenko National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

For a range of sea urchins the biological characteristics of reproduction were studied, as those have been the subject of marine aquaculture. However, the inter-species distinguishing remains unclear for some species. We compare larval development of the Echinocardium cordatum from the Sea of Japan (SJ) (Kashenko, 1994) and from the North Sea (NS) (MacBride 1918, Nunes Jangoux 2007) where they exist under the same temperature and salinity. The duration of the whole period of larval development differed: 15 to 30 days from fertilization to subsidence for NS E. cordatum and 39 to 50 days for SJ E. cordatum. Duration of each larval stage also differed: for example, gastrulation and prism formation in SJ urchins`larvae took 28 hours vs 42 hours in NS urchins; the fourth pair of arms in the NS urchins appears on the 5-9th day vs 15-17th day in SJ. In NS urchins, the size of the larva does not exceed 1 mm, while in the SJ sea urchins the size of the pluteus reaches 4 mm. Such differences in larval development are sufficient to consider the status of populations ofEchinocardium cordatum from the SJ and the NS as belonging to different species.

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GP-P5 Research of the cetacean sighting survey in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2015-2016 Pavel S. Gushcherov¹, Petr A. Tiupeleev¹, Vitaliy Samonov¹ and Tomio Miyashita²

1 TINRO-Center, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 424-8633 Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

Dedicated sighting survey following the common manners of the IWC was firstly conducted in the Okhotsk Sea in 1989 by Japanese. Since then, many sighting surveys have been conducted in the Okhotsk Sea under Russian-Japanese cooperation. However, the northern and eastern Okhotsk Sea have not been surveyed since the early 1990’s because of the Soviet and Russian Federation regulations. Then the information on distribution and abundance of cetaceans in this area has never been revised. Therefore, in 2015-2016, the first successful survey in this restricted area was conducted by the Russian research vessel to fill in the information gap. The following species were sighted – common minke whale (30 schools – 32 individuals), like minke whale (2-2), fin whale (43-93), humpback whale (4-5), killer whale (16-46), north pacific right whale (4-5), sperm whale (3- 4), Dalli type Dall’s porpoise (49-186), Truei type Dall’s porpoise (16-50), Harbor porpoise (15-32), Unidentified type Dall’s porpoise (193-626), white whale (32-255), Unidentified large cetacean (13-17), Unidentified small cetacean (1-3).

GP-P6 Intraspecific differentiation of Alaria esculenta (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) from southeastern Kamchatka based on molecular-phylogenetic and cytochemical study Anna V. Klimova, Nina G. Klochkova and Tatyana A. Klochkova Kamchatka State Technical University (KamchatGTU), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

In southeastern Kamchatka, two species from the genus Alaria Greville (1830) were recorded, such as A. angusta and A. marginata. They are characterized by high morphological variability and overlapping morphological characteristics, which are used in traditional taxonomy of this genus. Molecular analysis based on plastid-encoded RuBisCo spacer, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear-encoded rDNA genes showed that both species from Kamchatka have high affinity with Alaria esculenta; moreover, they have 99.2% of sequence identity between themselves. Studies of their microscopic gametophytic stages showed that they differ remarkably in the shape of anterozoids and, most importantly, in the composition of polysaccharides in the egg cells and antheridia. For example, the anterozoids of A. angusta are spherical, whereas in A. marginata they are fusiform. In the first species, the anterozoids are more mobile. Staining with FITC-conjugated fluorescein lectins showed that in these species the surface of egg cells was labeled with different lectins: RCA and WGA in A. angusta, and DBA and PNA in A. marginata. In A. marginata, the surfaces of mature antheridia were labelled with PNA, RCA and WGA, whereas antheridia of A. angusta were not labelled with any lectins at all. Thus, we suggest possibility of the reproductive isolation in these species. It is obvious that the revision and intra-species taxonomy of Alaria species cannot be solved only on the basis of molecular data. The definition of clear species boundaries within the genus Alaria requires a comprehensive study based on molecular-genetic and cytological data.

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GP-P7 The effect of noise on aquatic life: A literature review Michael Adedotun Oke Michael Adedotun Oke Foundation, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]

Noise pollution has it effects on the aquatic life, which has been a recognized problem for decades, and the needs to address this will call for research that will promote information gathering and see the negative impact it has in the aquatic life. With this paper it will give us the necessary information that will allow us to know what other people have said. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of aquatic ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandardized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts. Keywords: noise; marine organisms; aquatic life; auditory masking; behavior alteration; metabolism; recruitment; population composition

GP-P8 Distribution and Diffusion of an Invasive Solitary Ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, in South Korea Donghwan Kim1, Michael D. Ubagan1, Sungjun Bae1, Taekjun Lee2, Philjae Kim1, Dong gun Kim3, Tae Joong Yoon2 and Sook Shin1,2

1 Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, R Korea 2 Institute of Marine Life Resources, Sahmyook University, R Korea 3 Smith Liberal Arts College, Sahmyook University, Seoul, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

The introduction of non-indigenous ascidians into many harbors in several countries resulted in several distinct problems, because of their increased introduction rates. An invasive solitary ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), belonging to family Cionidae of order Phlebobranchia distributes abundantly in many ports and marinas all over the world, and tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and pollution. This species has caused significant fouling problems for the cultured mussel industry, especially in termsof increased production and processing costs, and has been causing severe damage to the ecosystem by overgrowth. The distribution and diffusion of C. intestinalis were investigated by the literature search, the environmental DNA method using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) with species-specific primer, and the field survey using artificial substrates at 36 harbors in Korea. Since this species was only observed around Busan, Korea Strait in 1967, it has been reported to spread quickly into all coastal areas in South Korea and was found in all coastal regions except for western part of South Korea. C. intestinalis specimens were observed at 29 harbors from field survey, and detected at 34 harbors from qPCR experiment from 2014 to 2016. The qPCR analysis was more efficient than the results of the field survey in confirming the diffusion aspects of distribution ofC . intestinalis in South Korea.

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GP-P9 Effects of the Salinity on the egg development and the larval settlement in various temperatures of Ciona intestinails (Ascidiacea: Phlebobranchia: Cionidae) Minkyung Kim1, Donghyun Kim1, Ju-un Park1, Tae Joong Yoon2, Dong gun Kim3 and Sook Shin1,2

A vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), is a marine benthic invertebrate that lives in shallow coastal and deep water down to 500m, and substantial populations of this species are frequently observed in shallow coastal waters. This solitary ascidian is native to northern European waters but now occurs worldwide, and has been reported as an invasive species of marine ecosystem in South Korea. Adults of C. intestinalis were collected from the Guryungpo harbor of Kyungsangnamdo province in South Korea on November 2016, and their artificial inseminated eggs were used for the experiment. The effect of the salinity on the egg development of C. intestinalis was examined at various temperatures. The egg development and the larval settlement were investigated at 9 different temperatures (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26ºC) and at 2 constant salinities (30 and 34psu) in the laboratory. The results of hatching, development and settlement rate and settlement time showed that the optimal temperature range for egg development and larval settlement were estimated to be from 16 to 22ºC at 30psu and 12 to 22ºC at 34psu, respectively. The lower developmental threshold temperatures were estimated to 7.69ºC (30psu) and 4.25ºC (34psu). These results showed that the range of tolerance to temperature of C. intestinalis can be varied depending on the salinity changes. The interaction of the temperature and the salinity is considered to have an important effect on the distribution and the diffusion of C. intestinalis in South Korea.

GP-P10 Contribution of black carbon induced climate change on mountain snow-melt over Eastern Africa region Daniel M. Mbithi¹, Nzioka J. Muthama¹, Joseph M. Ininda¹ and Richard N. Onwonga²

1 University of Nairobi, Department of Meteorology, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Nairobi, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology Nairobi, Kenya

This study aims to assess effect of land-based black carbon (BC) aerosols on Climate Change using radiative forcing (RF). Also, modeling of future rainfall and temperature change over Eastern Africa region is performed. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of the direct radiative forcing of BC is determined. Future global warming is estimated over the area of study using MAGICC SCENGEN (Model for Assessment of Green House gas Induced Climate Change: A Regional SCENario GENerator). Radiative forcing caused by black carbon over the Eastern Africa region is determined and past and future precipitation and temperature scenarios generated. Results of this study provide information on feedbacks of black carbon induced climate change mountain snow-melt over the region of study, radiative interactions and future climate scenarios.

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GP-P11 Morphology, phylogeny and life history of Chattonella marina from the East China Sea Xinfeng Dai1, Hongxia Wang1, Pengbin Wang1, Xia Ping1 and Douding Lu1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China. E-mail: [email protected]

The strain of Chattonella sp. isolated from the East China Sea was Chattonella marina. Cell shape and size changed with different life stage. Most mature cells are obovoid, with an average length 65.5±8.3 μm and average width 38.7±3.3 μm. Chloroplast are oblate and ellipsoid, radially arranging. Nucleus is sphere and located in the center of the cell. There are many small particles surround the cell surface. These particles are sphere, with a diameter about 0.60±0.13μm (n=25) and some small bars embedded radially from the center. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences by ML analysis showed that strains of C. marina, C. antiqua and C. ovata were clustered in one clade, which included the strain of strain that isolated from the East China Sea. C. marina was found have a complicated life history. Cell fusion, small particles produced by matured cell, budding reproduction are could be found in different cell age.

GP-P12 Contribution of atmospheric circulation in the change of the thermal regime of the northeastern coast of Russia in the period 1950-2013 Julia V. Stochkute, L.N. Vasilevskaya and D.N. Vasilevsky Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8, Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia E-mails: [email protected] or [email protected]

The effect of atmospheric circulation on the change in the thermal regime of the coastal regions of northeastern Russia was studied. The correlation analysis was carried out between monthly air temperature at 17 meteorological stations and climatic indices in the period 1950-2013. WP Index. Asynchronous changes in air temperature with the WP index were detected throughout the year. The positive (negative) phase of the WP index defines a negative (positive) temperature background in all seasons. The closest relationship was found on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (r = 0.5 – 0.6). PNA index. The influence of this oscillation is manifested in a regime of air temperature on the coast of the Chukchi and Bering seas directly in August-September (r = 0.5 – 0.6), and in the opposite direction in March-April, June and October (r = 0.4 – 0.5). Index of Blinova E.N. Generally the negative relationship between air temperature and global circulation index of Blinova E.N. (α) is found. The most significant effect of zonal transfer on the thermal regime is manifested on the Arctic coast and the northeastern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in the cold season - from October to January, and on the coast of the Bering Sea - from October to December (r≥ 0.3).

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GP-P14 The Responses of phytoplankton and bacterial communities along the salinity gradients in the Seomjin River estuary Minji Lee1,2, Seungho Baek1 and Changho Moon2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, R Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea

To assess changes in abiotic and biotic factors between flood and ebb tides we investigated the seasonal phytoplankton and bacterial dynamics and environmental conditions along a salinity gradient at 14 stations in the Seomjin River estuary(SRE), Korea. We performed bioassays to identify the effect of additional nutrients (+N, +P, and +NP) on phytoplankton growth and performed high-resolution 16S rRNA tag pyrosequencing to obtain snapshots of the bacterial diversity and community structure along the salinity gradients. Nitrate+nitrite and silicate loading increased as a result of freshwater input, and that phosphates loading may primarily have involved leaching from bottom sediments of the shallow inner bay. Bioassays confirmed that relative phytoplankton growth in the saltwater zone near Gwangyang Bay was higher for +N and +NP treatments than for +P treatments, whereas it was significantly higher in the freshwater zone for +P treatments than for +N treatments. Base on the algal bioassays and the field surveys, we suggested that nitrate+nitrite and phosphates could be limiting factors in the saltwater and freshwater zones, respectively. The significant differences in abiotic factors between flood and ebb tides play important roles in controlling the biotic factors, including the occurrence of aquatic organisms including microalgae. In particular, bacterial diversity was significant at station 9, where freshwater and saltwater species had coexisted. Our results demonstrated dynamic changes of abiotic factors such as salinity and nutrient had influenced with the response of phytoplankton as well as bacterial communities, which is depended on the tidal levels and salinity conditions.

GP-P15 Study on the outbreak and extinction mechanisms of marine harmful microalga Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Southern Sea of Korea in 2016 Yunji Kim1,2, Seung Ho Baek1, Minji Lee1 and Soonmo An2

1 Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, South Sea Reseearch Center, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, R Korea

In Korea, red tide events by dinoflagellate Cochlodinium occur every year and affect serious economic losses to fisheries. In particular, the chain form of Cochlodinium is known to cause fish death by gill-clogging when its abundance exceeds approximately 1000 cells ml-1. The study aims to clarify the outbreak/extinction mechanisms of marine harmful microalga Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms based on the physical, chemical and biological environments (i.e., vertical structure of sea water, nutritional characteristics and biological interaction etc.). At near coast of St. 22, there was no significant difference between temperature of upper and bottom layers, and high nutrient was kept in surface layer. These suggest that wind driven coastal upwelling have supplied nutrients to the euphotic zone. In August, low salinity water (below 30 psu) at offshore front station was constantly observed, which may have originated from Changjiang River discharge in China. Such events of upwelling and introduction of Changjiang Diluted Water can lead to nutrient-rich environmental condition, indicating that the diatom species respond to pulsed nutrient loading and dominate in Tongyeong coastal area. For these reasons, red tide of dinoflagellate Cochlodinium in 2016 did not occur in late July and early August normally. In late August of 2016, however, the Cochlodinium bloom occurred in Goheung area partly, which was delayed about a month. At that time, strong typhoon Malakas have approached in Korean coastal area, and water turbulence by strong wind storm are likely to affect the abundance of Cochlodinium. Therefore, the typhoon events may have eliminated Cochlodinium bloom in Korean coastal area, which play an important role in reducing the Cochlodinium cell in 2016.

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GP-P16 Distribution of mesozooplankton during spring and autumn across the frontal zone of South Sea, Korea Minju Kim, and Jung-Hoon Kang South Sea Environment Research Center, KIOST, Geoje, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

We investigated and compared the spatial distribution of mesozooplankton and the related environmental characteristics across the frontal zone in the South Sea of Korea during spring and autumn 2016. Due to the characteristics of hydrological fronts being active in exchanges of energy and matter, it exhibits high productivity. We visited eight stations through the frontal zone formed by the Tsushima Warm Current and the Korean Southern Coastal Waters, and collected mesozooplankton by vertical tows using a standard net (200 µm mesh) with environmental parameters. A relatively warmer and saline water mass was observed towards the offshore waters compared to the coastal waters, and a strong temperature stratification occurred at the ecotone. The ectone was accompanied by higher total surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a, 1.4 µg L-1) concentrations during spring, and chl-a was ~3.0 times higher at coastal area than the ecotone (2.1 µg L-1) during autumn. Mesozooplankton was highly distributed near the coast and decreased towards the offshore waters. Cyclopoid-to-calanoid copepods ratio (cy:ca ratio) was highest at the ecotone (0.8) which coincided with that of chl-a in spring but was lowest at the ecotone (0.1) during autumn despite high chl-a concentration. This implicates that each of the surveyed periods differed in the development phase of ecotone. During spring, the ecotone was likely to be at an early phase with higher cyclopoids, while autumn exhibited a late phase with higher calanoid abundance. These results suggest the formation and duration of the frontal zone may be explained with cy:ca ratio in association with environmental parameters.

GP-P17 Geochemical characteristics of the sediment pore water in the Northeastern Equatorial Pacific Taehee Lee, Kyeong-Hong Kim, Ju Won Son and Young Baek Son Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

This study investigated dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) characteristics at the sediment pore water in Northeastern Equatorial Pacific based on the geochemical analyses. The DO concentrations of sediment pore water at the upper sediment ranged 90-136 µM, drastically decreased with sediment depth increasing, showed that ranged 30-60 µM. The concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and silicate ranged 0.02-16.34 μM, 44.73-229.32 μM, 2.04-2.98 μM and 73.44-405.24 μM, respectively. The vertical profiles of ammonia and nitrate at the sediment pore water showed a contradictory distribution in SD07 and SD16. The concentrations of Mn and Fe ranged 0.1-8.1 μM and 0.3-40.4 μM, respectively. Low concentrations of Mn and Fe are due to the oxic condition at the sediment upper layer. The Mn and Fe reduction zones generally occurs below nitrate reduction zone and at the depth of complete DO removal from the pore water. Manganese reduction in pelagic sediments may be involved in the formation of ferromanganese nodules, since under some circumstances manganese reduction in the sediments and the resulting upward diffusion of dissolved manganese across the sediment-water interface may be an important source of manganese nodules.

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GP-P18 Unusually significant bacterial production of dissolved organic matter in a marginal sea (East/Japan Sea) Tae-Hoon Kim Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

Vertical and horizontal distributions of total hydrolysable enantiomeric amino acids (THAA), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nitrogen (DON) were measured in the entire East/Japan Sea (EJS) in 2009. The euphotic zone of this sea is extremely N-limited, and the N:P ratio in the deep layer (200–3500 m) is approximately 13. We observed high concentrations of D-amino acids (24 ± 5 nM), relative to the major oceans (12–13 nM), in the deep layer of the EJS. On the basis of higher D/L ratios (0.65 ± 0.20) of Alanine (Ala), the percentage (16 ± 3%) of D-enantiomers (%D), and DOC- and DON-normalized yields (14 ± 5 nmol mg C-1 and 255 ± 100 nmol mg N-1, respectively) of D-Ala in the deep layer, we suggest that the majority of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the deep EJS is produced by bacterial activities. Surprisingly, D/L ratios of Ala, %D, and DON-normalized yields of D-Ala in the deep layer agreed with those in the surface layer (> 200 m) within 5%. This result indicates that DOM in the deep sea originates from the surface layer where non-biodegradable DOM is effectively produced by bacteria (i.e., cyanobacteria) under an N-limited condition. Our results suggest that the stoichiometry of nutrients and the phytoplankton composition in the deep water formation area is critical for controlling the storage of carbon in the deep sea.

GP-P19 Surface current in “Hotspot” serves as a new and effective precursor for El Niño prediction Jianing Wang1, Youyu Lu2, Fan Wang1 and Rong-Hua Zhang1

1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans of Canada, NS, Canada

The El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent sources of inter-annual climate variability. Related to the seasonal phase-locking, ENSO’s prediction across the low-persistence barrier in the boreal spring remains a challenge. Here we identify regions where surface current variability influences the short-lead time predictions of the July Niño 3.4 index by applying a regression analysis. A highly influential region, related to the distribution of wind-stress curl and sea surface temperature, is located near the dateline and the southern edge of the South Equatorial Current. During El Niño years, a westward current anomaly in the identified high-influence region favors the accumulation of warm water in the western Pacific. The opposite occurs during La Niña years. This process is seen to serve as the “goal shot” for ENSO development, which provides an effective precursor for the prediction of the July Niño 3.4 index with a lead time of 2-4 months. The prediction skill based on surface current precursor beats that based on the warm water volume and persistence in the subsequent months after July. In particular, prediction based on surface current precursor shows skill in all years, while predictions based on other precursors show reduced skill after 2002.

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GP-P20 IOCAS scientific observing network in the Western Pacific Ocean Fan Wang Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

The Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) has been building the scientific observing network in the Western Pacific Ocean since 2013, supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS entitled Western Pacific Ocean System. The network targets western Pacific circulations, climate, and deep blue. In this region, three-dimensional current system critically influences the western Pacific warm pool and the life cycle of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, which are the prominent sources of global and regional climate variability. Three arrays, comprising 16 subsurface moorings and including more than 440 instruments, form this mooring observing network. For each mooring, one upward-looking and one downward-looking 75kHz ADCPs were equipped on the main float. The ADCP measured the velocity over upper 1000 m depth. For the layer that is deeper than 1000 m, current meters and conductivity-temperature-depths were equipped on the mooring cable to monitor the deep-sea hydrography and currents. After the mooring design in 2013 and the initial deployment in 2014, the 2-3-year time series of mooring data have been retrieved. Overstepping the sporadic observations in the past, we will get a comprehensive view of current system in the Western Pacific. In 2016, we successfully upgraded two of moorings to achieve real-time transmission of ADCP data. The ADCP data were collected and transmitted to the surface buoy through the commutation cable and wireless acoustic modem every one hour. Then the data were sent to the users through the satellite. Real-time transmission of ADCP data will promote capabilities in the marine environment and climate prediction.

GP-P21 Low frequency shift of wind waves induced by long waves based on experimental observation data Xinyang Yue, Xiaochen Zou and Shouhua Liu NMDIS, 93 Liuwei Rd., Tianjin, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

The influence of long regular waves on wind waves are examined in laboratory tank. The wave spectra of wind waves when there is and there is not long waves are compared. Besides the widely addressed suppression of wind waves by long waves, it is also found that, the presence of long regular wave induces low frequency shift of wind f f waves when long wave slope is small and also its frequency l is quite apart from wind wave crest frequencies p . The effect of long wave modulation on wind wave spectra is estimated according to Longuet-Higgins & Stewart ff (1960) (abbreviated as LS60 afterwards), which is found to be prominent at large ratio of pl. It’s also found that, when the limitation of wave breaking on wind wave steepness is taken account of, the LS60 theory can explain the low frequency shift satisfactorily. These work suggests that, at small long wave slope and large ratio ff of pl, the LS60 modulation mechanism together with the enhanced wave breaking may dominate the influence of long waves on wind waves.

178 PICES-2017 GP

GP-P22 Marine environmental situation and Blue Bay remediation in Xiamen Keliang Chen1, Hongzhe Chen1, Senyang Xie2,3 and Xiaohua Wang2,3

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia 3 The Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia

This paper introduced the basic situation of Xiamen Bay as an important port in China. By summarizing research records and unpublished data, the climate, hydrology, geology and biodiversity in this bay, and some of the more concerned ecological disasters were described. Extensive reclamation works in the Xiamen Bay from the year 1955 are summarized. The main reclamation projects are the Gao-Ji Dike, the Xinglin Dike, the Maluan Dike, the Yundang Dike, and the Dongkeng Dike. Up to the year 2010, the total area of reclamation in the Xiamen Bay reached 140 km2. These reclamation works, however, has greatly changed the coastline structure and exert negative impacts on the hydrodynamics and the marine ecosystem of the Xiamen Bay. With high population density and upstream input of Jiulong River, Xiamen waters are confronted with serious eutrophication problem. In order to restore and maintain the ecosystem and environment of Xiamen Bay, Xiamen’s Blue Bay Remediation Action was established based on the system and mechanism guarantee. Many comprehensive remediation projects were carried out in Xiamen in recent years including clearing marine aquaculture areas, dredging sediment, reconstruction of mangrove ecosystem, eco-restoration of uninhabited islands, ecological transformation of coastline, reduction of marine debris, construction of National marine park and other activities. Finally, some suggestions have been proposed for the blue bay remediation in Xiamen. This paper showed some challenges and good experiences in the process of eco-restoration in Xiamen Bay.

GP-P23 Distribution of coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in summer and winter Jian Zhang, Jia-rui Li, Da-wei Ji, Wei-kang Zhai and Yuan-jun Wang National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, PR China E-mail: [email protected]

A community-based survey of the monthly distribution of coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea was conducted in two seasons of 2009: summer (July 20–September 1) and winter (December 23–February 5). In the summer of 2009, 21 species of coccolithophores were identified in the survey area of the Yellow Sea, which were dominated by Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Umbellosphaera tenui, and Florisphaera profunda. The abundance of coccolithophores was between 0.23×103 and 17.62×103 cells/L, with an average of 2.84×103 cells/L. In winter 2009, 20 species of coccolithophores were identified in the survey area of the Yellow Sea, which were dominated by E. huxleyi, G. oceanica, F. profunda, and U. tenuis. The abundance of coccolithophores was between 0.12×103 and 35.35×103 cells/L, with an average of 3.84×103 cells/L. The distribution of coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were systematically studied to determine the community distribution of coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Key words: coccolithophores; community and distribution; Yellow Sea and East China Sea; summer and winter

179 PICES-2017

GP-P24 A staining method to determine marine microplanktonic organism viability and investigate the efficacy of a ship’s ballast water treatment system Seung Ho Baek1, Bonggil Hyun2 and Kyoungsoon Shin2

1 South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 656-830, R Korea 2 Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 656-830, R Korea E-mail: [email protected]

We determined a method to determine marine planktonic organism viability using Evan’s blue, Aniline blue, and 5-choromethyfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA). The Evan’s blue and Aniline blue methods produced bright blue light for dead phytoplankton and zooplankton and were the best dyes to detect dead cells. The staining efficiency of Evan’s blue and Aniline blue were ≥ 90% of the original field sample. However, it was difficult to test the efficiency of a ship’s ballast water treatment system because detection of living cells. In contrast, the CMFDA method, which is based on measuring cell esterase activity using a fluorimetric stain, was the best dye to detect live cells of almost all phytoplankton species, and staining efficiency was 70%. The CMFDA method is similar to the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining method. Therefore, we estimated viability of phytoplankton species using a double- staining method by combining CMFDA and FDA to determine optimum staining efficiency. As a result, the frequency of dying cells based on the double-staining method was 95%, which was significantly higher than that of single CMDFA staining. Our results suggest that a CMDFA + FDA assay is more effective to determine survival of marine plankton and that this method was applicable to investigate the efficacy of a ship’s ballast water treatment system.

GP-P25 Disturbance of seals by anthropogenic activity at the haul out of Piltun Bay (Sakhalin Isl.) Peter A. Permyakov and Alexey M. Trukhin POI FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

During the ice-free period the haul out of three species of phocid seals (ringed, spotted and bearded seals) exist in Piltun Bay mouth. Seals are regularly subjected to disturbance by anthropogenic activity [DAA], such as fishery, hunting, transportation and recreation. The study of DAA was done from June to October, 2016. Totally we registered 626 cases of DAA. Most usual means of transportation were automobiles (cars (23.2%) and lorries (20.6%)) and boats (rubber boats and skiffs [RBS] (24.6%) and lightweight ships [LWS] (6.5%)). Helicopters were less frequent (18.7%) and pedestrians were rarest (5.4%). Another 5.1% of cases were other DAA. The impact on seals was not equal through different types of transport. Proportion of anthropogenic activity that caused acute disturbance in seals was biggest for LWS (p=0.33) and RBS (p=0.31). Somewhat less disturbing were cars (p=0.23), pedestrians (p=0.21) and lorries (p=0.17). Helicopters were least stressful for seals (p=0.08). The events of DAA were most frequent during periods from late June to early July and from late August to late September. Spikes in DAA coincided with sharp increases in seal abundance on shore. We assume that both DAA and rise in number of seals were caused by spawning run of diadromous fishes at the mouth of a bay. Significant number of DAA (including events that were lethal to seals) happened due to conflict between fisheries and marine mammals. Nevertheless, the fishery-related DAA was unlikely to seriously affect seasonal abundance of seals, which is basically controlled by trophic factor.

180 PICES-2017 GP

GP-P26 Impacts of ocean warming on China’s fisheries catches: An application of ‘mean temperature of the catch’ concept Cui Liang1, Weiwei Xian1,2 and Daniel Pauly3

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China 3 Sea Around Us, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Ocean warming can strongly impact marine fisheries; notably, it can cause the “mean temperature of the catch” (MTC) to increase, an indicator of the tropicalization of fisheries catches. In this contribution, we explore MTC changes in three large marine ecosystems (LMEs) along China’s coasts, i.e., the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea LMEs, and their relationships to the shifts of the sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that, while the MTCs began to increase in 1962 in the East China Sea and in 1968 in the Yellow Sea, there was no detectable increase in the South China Sea. There also was a strong relationship between MTC and SST in the Yellow and East China Seas from 1950 to 2010, especially when taking a 3-year time-lag into account. The lack of change of the MTC in the South China Sea is attributed to the relatively small increase in SST over the time period considered, and the fact that the MTC of tropical ecosystems such as the South China Sea is not predicted to increase in the first place, given that their fauna cannot be replaced by another, adapted to higher temperature. Overall, these results suggest that ocean warming is already having an impact on China’s marine fisheries, and that policies to curtail greenhouse gas emissions are urgently needed to minimize the increase of these impacts on fisheries.

GP-P27 Pacific herring distribution and some features of biology in the northwestern Bering Sea in 2010-2015 Sergey V. Loboda Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

Distribution of pacific herring is determined on the data of bottom trawl surveys conducted in the northwestern Bering Sea in 2010-2015, its biological status is briefly described, and its stock is assessed. The 2010-2015 were distinguished by high abundance of herring in this area, its biomass changed in the range 571.1-950.9.103 t. It distributed widely over Anadyr Bay and Koryak shelf, concentrating at Cape Navarin. The herring started its mass northwestward migration from the eastern Bering Sea in June, conditioned by oceanographic conditions. Generally, its distribution on feeding grounds corresponded to the scheme of water circulation in the northwestern Bering Sea. Age groups from 0+ to 12+ were found in the catches of bottom trawl, with absolute domination of the ages 5+-9+ years (in sum 75-93 % of the catches). So, there was concluded that mostly mature individuals migrate for feeding into the northwestern part of the sea, including the maturing for the first time ones. Intensity of the migration depends on the year-classes strength; the year-classes of 2005-2010 birth were the most abundant in the surveyed period and formed the bulk of the herring stock in this area.

181 PICES-2017

W4: MEQ Workshop Long-term changes in HAB occurrences in PICES nations; the Eastern vs. Western Pacific

W4-P1 Green tide monitoring in the China Sea using Remote Sensing Data Bin Zou1,2, Lijian Shi1,2, Maohua Guo1,2 and Tao Zeng1,2

1 National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, PR China E-mail: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, PR China

Entermorpha Prolifera, named green tide, over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were first reported in summer 2008. Greed tides destroy the marine ecosystem, threat coastal tourisms and block the ship navigation when they gather over the coastal area. Based on the spectral characteristics of green tides, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and Floating Algae Index (FAI), the green tide over Yellow Sea and the East Sea was monitored with data MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) operationally and the detection reports, including the distribution range and coverage range, are given to the relevant authority and coastal city every day. When the green tides move to the coastal area and influence the ship navigation and it need to be cleaned, the images of HJ-1A/1B satellite’s CCD and GF-1’s WFV are used to supply the more detailed information with their high spatial resolution. Based on the monitoring results with multi-source satellite remote sensing image of the past few years, we can get the drift trend and distribution area of green tide by dynamic monitoring of drift path and impacting marine area.

W4-P2 Outbreak and movement pattern of red tide patches occurred by Cochlodinium polykrikoides during last 4 years in the Korean coastal waters Jaeyeon Park1, Eun Young Yoon1,2, Hae Jin Jeong2, Kwang Young Kim3 and Eun Joo Kim1

1 Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, R Korea E-mail: [email protected] 2 Seoul National University, Seoul, R Korea 3 Chonnam National University, Gwangju, R Korea

From 2012 to 2015, large-scale red tide occurred by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the Korean coastal waters. These generated massive damage to fisheries and economic losses. During 4 years, the expansion and movement pattern of red tide were different which affected by current, tide, typhoon and rainfall. In 2012, there were two peaks of red tide in summer and fall. Especially in 2014, red tide occurred in July intensively, and maximum number of C. polykrikoides cell recorded within 4 years. The movement of red tide patch affected by the local current characteristics at each year. The red tide patch was moved only moved toward east coast or moved both east and west coast. Sometimes the red tide patch moved toward west but turning the direction and moved east. The data showed that movement of the red tide patch made by C. polykrikoides closely related by physical condition like current, tide, eddy, tidal front, thermocline and meteorological conditions. For analyze the movement pattern of red tide patches, a wide range of environmental data such as physical modelling and satellite data will needed.

182 PICES-2017 W4, W6

W6: BIO Workshop Advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods of measuring zooplankton production

W6-P1 A comparison of protein synthetases activity to standing stock and productivity in a cultured copepod population, Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Toru Kobari1, Yuka Matsuura1, Akash Sastri2,3, Yuichiro Yamada4 and Tomonari Kotani5

1 Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 3 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 4 School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan 5 Fisheries Resource Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

We compared aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) activity to copepod abundance, biomass and productivity measured by direct method using the cultured population, Pseudodiaptmus inopinus. Their body length and mass were increased with development. Specific growth rate was higher for naupliar stages than copepodite stages. After the seven days when the artificial cohort predominated by late copepodite stages was created, P. inopinus exhibited subsequent development from early to middle naupliar stages and increased their abundance, biomass and production rate. Since the recruitment to copepodite stages was less after the fourteen days, they declined their abundance, biomass and production rate. Specific AARS activity was high in the early phase of the incubation but gradually declined. The specific AARS activity showed a significantly positive correlation to daily P:B ratio 2(r = 0.501) but negative correlations to the protein content (r2 = −0.831) and animal body mass (r2 = −0.588). These results suggest that the specific AARS activity is synchronized with growth but prior to increase of standing stock and production rate.

W6-P2 A comparison of chitobiase-based estimates to developing biomass and production rates of a laboratory culture of Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Akash Sastri1,2, John Dower2, Alex Clancy2, Yuichiro Yamada3, Tomonari Kotani4, Toru Kobari4 and Yuka Matsuura4

1 Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 3 School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan 4 Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

The recent development of biochemical methods to measure secondary production rates offer potential resolution to the logistical difficulties associated with measuring community-level rates at both fine resolution and across broad spatial scales. The chitobiase method is an example of a biochemical method which can be applied to measure community-level rates of crustacean zooplankton production in the field at relatively high resolution. The method relies on measurements of activity and rate of production of the crustacean moulting enzyme chitobiase. Although the method has been applied in multiple marine systems, laboratory-validation with zooplankton cultures has been limited to two early studies. Here we present results of a new detailed comparison of daily chitobiase- based production rates to the development of a synchronous culture of Pseudiaptomus inopinus. Overall, daily chitobiase-based production rates varied positively with biomass (r2 = 0.59) and production rate (r2 = 0.54).

183 PICES-2017

NPFC North Pacific Fisheries Commission – new Regional Fisheries Management Organization in the North Pacific Ocean Aleksandr Zavolokin North Pacific Fisheries Commission, Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

The North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC), which came into force on 19 July 2015, is an inter-governmental organization established by the Convention on the Conservation and Management of the High Seas Fisheries Resources in the North Pacific Ocean. The objective of the Convention is to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of the fisheries resources in the Convention Area while protecting the marine ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean in which these resources occur. The current Members of the NPFC include Canada, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, Chinese Taipei, the United States of America, and Vanuatu. The Commission has two key areas of work: the scientific area where catch and stocks data are gathered to provide advice to the Members for sustainable management of the resources and ecosystems, and the compliance component where management measures are developed and implemented. NPFC and PICES have considerable potential for cooperation due to their geographical overlap, common membership and similarity in science interests in the North Pacific, and they are taking steps to enhance collaboration in the areas of common interests.

184 PICES-2017 Observers

NOWPAP Strengthening regional cooperation for the protection of the marine and coastal environment in the Northwest Pacific through the Northwest Pacific Action Plan to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Lev Neretin, Yan Feng, Anatoly Kachur, Seong-Gil Kang, Ning Liu and A. Nagasaka Regional Coordinating Unit of the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, the United Nations Environment Programme, Toyama, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

The Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest Pacific Region (NOWPAP) is the regional intergovernmental mechanism established in 1994 by the governments of Japan, Peoples Republic of China, Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation. Having the overarching goal of supporting “the wise use, development and management of the coastal and marine environment so as to obtain the utmost long-term benefits for the human populations of the region, while protecting human health, ecological integrity and the regions sustainability for future generations”, NOWPAP activities contribute to quality of life of societies and support long-term environmental sustainability of the environment within the region and beyond. Since it was established NOWPAP has been addressing major five elements of the Action Plan: to assess regional environmental conditions, to collate and record environmental data and information, to develop and adopt a harmonious approach towards coastal and marine environmental planning on an integrated basis, to develop and adopt effective measures for mutual support in emergencies as well as prevent coastal and marine pollution. NOWPAP members renew their commitment to strengthen efforts addressing regional challenges of marine environmental protection and sustainable development of the Northwest Pacific. The implementation of the NOWPAP Medium-term Strategy 2018-2023 will contribute to the achievement of ocean-related SDGs in an integrated way, inter alia: 1. Preventing and reducing land- and sea-based sources of pollution (SDGs 12 and 14), 2. Supporting integrated coastal and river basin planning and management based on the ecosystem-based approach (SDGs 11, 13 to 15), and 3. Assessing status of the marine and coastal environment (SDGs 13 to 15, and 17).

185 PICES-2017

NEAR-GOOS North-East Asian Regional Global Ocean Observing System: 20 years of building partnership in oceanographic data exchange and services Vyacheslav Lobanov, Norio Baba, Heedong Jeong, Masakazu Higaki, Heeyoon Park, Oleg Sokolov, Ting Yu, Zhihua Zhang and Wenxi Zhu IOC/WESTPAC Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS E-mail: [email protected]

North-East Asian Regional Global Ocean Observing System (NEAR-GOOS) is one of the oldest global GOOS regional alliances. The project started in 1996 with a focus on marginal seas surrounded by China, Japan, Korea and Russia under the Sub-committee for Western Pacific of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC/ WESTPAC). The major achievement of NEAR-GOOS is a network of real-time and delayed mode data bases accessible through the Internet free of charge. In spite of some restrictions on oceanographic data exchange in some member states, NEAR-GOOS regional archives now contain 59 different types of data files with total volume of more than 197 GB (as of Jun. 2017). A challenge of the second phase of project development (after 2003) was to make a shift from data management toward building a sustained regional integrated ocean observing and operational forecasting system. This required not only an improvement of the existing data exchange mechanisms through the inclusion of additional parameters, increased coverage in space and time, and generation of data products., but also enhancing its observing capacity by increasing the number of available observing platforms in the region. This, in turn, depends on the effectiveness and usefulness of NEAR-GOOS products and services. Most of the users of oceanographic information now are concerned in coastal areas which are monitored by national observing systems. One of the challenges for NEAR-GOOS remains to prove its usefulness as an international project. To its Currently NEAR-GOOS has 3 working groups which tasks are to enhance efficiency on NEAR-GOOS data management, products and ocean forecasting system. Since 2011 a pilot project of Cross Basin Climate Monitoring Section has been implementing by Japan and Russia. A new pilot project on ferry box monitoring in the region is under preparation. The story of success and challenges of the project development over 20 years has been discussed in this paper.

186 PICES-2017 Author Index

A C Deng, Minghua 81 Desforges, Jean-Pierre 37 Agbayani, Selina 79 Campbell, Robert G. 104 Dewar, Heidi 109 Ahn, Soeon 90 Canessa, Rosaline 91 Dewey, Richard 47 Alabia, Irene D. 27, 75 Carmack, Eddy 151 Di Lorenzo, Emanuele 100 Alexander, Michael 73 Chae, Yooeun 38 Diansky, Nikolay 54 Aliah, Ratu Siti 58, 59 Chai, Fei 45 DiNardo, Gerard 111 Ambe, Daisuke 70, 162 Chang, Jeong-In 137 Djakov, B.S. 168 An, Soonmo 175 Chan, Leo 116 Dodsworth, Jeremy A. 81 An, Youn-Joo 38 Charkin, A. 147 Dong, Jihai 66 Anderson, M. Robin 82, 86 Cheng, Hong 118 Dong, Xu 152 Anderson, Sean 29 Cheng, Wei 54 Do, Songmin 164 Andreev, Andrey G. 65 Chen, Hong 66 Dower, John 36, 47, 122, 183 Andrews, Alex 75 Chen, Hongzhe 179 Dromard, Charlotte R. 156 Ang, Melanie 126 Chen, Jianfang 45 Du, Feiyan 89 Antonov, Nikolai 76 Chen, Jianming 152 Dudarev, O. 147 Artemyeva, Anna A. 167 Chen, Keliang 46, 179 Dudas, Sarah E. 36 Asch, Rebecca G. 94 Chen, Liqi 72 Dufour, Carolina O. 65 Aseeva, Nadezhda 95, 159 Chen, Min 72 Du, Jinqiu 98 Ashjian, Carin J. 103, 104 Chen, Mingliang 152 Dulenin, Alexander A. 124 Avery-Gomm, Stephanie 37 Chen, Qi 105 Dulenina, Polina A. 124 Awaji, Toshiyuki 27 Chen, Quanzhen 140 Dulepova, Elena 152 Aydin, Kerim 54 Chen, Shang 61, 106 Dunne, John P. 65 Azam, Farooq 22 Chen, Songze 81 Chen, Yanlong 139 E B Chen, Yong 108 Eguchi, Tomo 109 Baba, Norio 186 Chen, Yunlong 49 Chen, Zuozhi 132, 154 Eisner, Lisa B. 75 Baek, Seungho 175 Emelin, Pavel O. 158 Baek, Seung Ho 175, 180 Cho, Giphil 109 Cho, You Na 37, 129 Endo, Hisashi 84 Bae, Sungjun 172 Endo, Yoshinari 134 Basyuk, Eugene 24 Cho, Young-Ghan 153 Choi, Jin Soo 38, 130 Eo, Soeun 34, 35, 128, 129 Beaulieu, Claudie 28 Ershova, Elizaveta A. 103 Belan, Tatyana A. 160, 161 Choi, Kwang-Sik 153 Choi, Wonkeun 99 Etemadifar, Anahita 35 Belluz, Justin Del Bel 136 Evdokimov, Vladimir 137 Belonenko, Tatyana V. 142 Chow, Seinen 70 Benson, Scott 109 Chrapchenkov, Fedor 102 F Bianchi, Daniele 65 Chung, Il-Ung 100 Bian, Xiaodong 94 Clancy, Alex 183 Faig, Amanda 54 Blasiak, Robert 22, 140 Claret, Mariona 65 Fang, Huaying 81 Bluhm, Bodil A. 103 Cloern, James E. 120 Faranda, Davide 28 Bograd, Steven 73, 74, 109 Cochlan, William 60, 117, 119, 120 Fayman, Pavel 68 Boldt, Jennifer 40, 158 Cong, Peifu 100 Feng, Yan 185 Bond, Nicholas A. 114 Cooper, Lee W. 103 Feng, Zhixuan 104 Bonk, Tatyana 125 Covernton, Garth A. 36 Figurkin, Aleksandr L. 148 Borisov, Boris M. 160, 161 Criddle, Keith R. 28, 63 Filatov, Viktor N. 70 Borzykh, Oleg G. 163 Crowder, Larry B. 109 Fine, Isaac 83 Bowes, Victoria 37 Cui, Zhengguo 154 Fomin, Vladimir 67 Boyarova, Margarita D. 141 Cullen, Jay 31 Fong, Ken 73 Fratantoni, Paula S. 68 Boyd, Sean 37 D Bracco, Annalisa 66 Freitas, Gabriel R. 134 Briscoe, Dana K. 109 Dai, Xinfeng 116, 174 Frenger, Ivy 65 Budyansky, Maxim V. 64, 65 Dautova, Tatiana N. 44 Fu, Mingzhu 144 Dautov, Salim 170 Fu, Qiang 93 Deng, Fangfang 98 Fujikura, Katsunori 155

187 PICES-2017

Fujimori, Yasuzumi 141 Heo, Yunwi 38 J Fukuyo, Yasuwo 113 Hermann, Al 54 Furuya, Ken 106 Herndon, Julian 60 Jaaman, Saifullah Arifin 78 Hervieux, Gaelle 73 Jackson, Jennifer M. 48, 101, 136 G Hibino, Sho 99 Jacox, Michael 73 Jang, Chanjoo 56 Galbraith, Eric D. 65 Hidayat, Age 57 Higaki, Masakazu 186 Jang, Chan Joo 99, 100, 166, 168 Galbraith, Moira 55, 73 Jang, Mi 37, 129, 162 Galgani, Francois 34 Himes-Cornell, Amber 62 Hirahara, Minamo 88 Jeffries, Marlene 61 Gallager, Scott M. 134 Jeong, Hae Jin 182 Gao, Hui 98, 134 Hirai, Junya 88, 146 Hirata, Takafumi 75 Jeong, Heedong 186 Gao, Jin 29 Jeong, Kwang-Young 164 Gao, Shan 46, 169 Hirawake, Toru 75 Hirota, Masahito 58, 59 Ji, Da-wei 179 Gao, Song 112 Ji, Rubao 104 Gao, Zhongyong 72 Hirst, Andrew G. 121 Hoeberechts, Maia 61 Ji, Xuanliang 169 Gauthier, Stéphane 47 , 158 Jiang, Jinlong 46 Giamalaki, Katerina 28 Hollowed, Anne B. 54 Holsman, Kristin 54 Jiang, Yan’e 154 Gibble, Corinne 120 Jiao, Nianzhi 29 Godbold, Jasmin A. 90, 135 Hong, Lian 162 Hong, Mijin 78 Jin, Xianshi 49, 50, 94 Gong, Yuyan 154 Johansen, Mathew P. 161 Goryachev, Vladimir 32 , 126 Hong, Sang Hee 34, 35, 37, 128, 129, 130, 162 Joung, S.J. 132 Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. 103, 104 Jung, Hae Kun 31 Griffies, Stephen M. 65 Hopcroft, Russell R. 103 Hourston, Roy 73 Jung, Heeseok 99, 166 Gritsay, Elena V. 148 Jung, Il Hyo 109 Guan, Chunjiang 112, 133 Hsieh, Chih-hao 47 Huang, Daji 45 Jung, Seung Won 138, 150 Guan, Daoming 98 Jung, Sukgeun 109, 110 Guan, Lisha 50 Huang, Haining 152 Huang, Haiyan 56, 116 Jung, Youn-Joo 38, 130 Guan, Lu 47 Juniper, S. Kim 61 Guan, Weibing 116 Huang, Rui 112 Guo, Hao 112 Huang, Wei 128 K Guo, Maohua 182 Hunsicker, Mary 29, 41 Gurney-Smith, Helen J. 36 Hunt, Brian P.V. 48, 50, 101, Kachur, Anatoly 35, 42, 185 Gusev, Anatoly 54 122, 136 Kakehi, Shigeho 162 Gushcherov, Pavel S. 171 Huo, Chuanlin 98 Kalinina, Galina 137 Gustafsson, O. 147 Hyun, Bonggil 180 Kamachi, Masafumi 27 Hyun, Jung-Ho 84 Kameneva, Polina A. 113, 119 H Kaneko, Hitoshi 71, 146 I Kang, Dong-Jin 85 Haigh, Nicola 118 Kang, Donhyug 138 Hakamada, Takashi 80 Igarashi, Hiromichi 27, 155 Ikawa, Yusuke 151 Kang, Hee Joong 41 Han, Gi Myung 35, 37, 128, 162 Kang, Hyung-Ku 87 Han, Myung-Soo 89 Ikeda, Christopher E. 120 Iken, Katrin 103 Kang, Hyun-Sil 153 Hane, Yulina V. 111 Kang, Jung Hoon 130 Hao, Linghua 106 Imai, Ichiro 114, 116 Inaba, Nobuharu 70 Kang, Jung-Hoon 176 Hao, Linhua 61 Kang, Junsu 138 Hardanu, Warih 59 Inatsu, Masaru 143 Ininda, Joseph M. 173 Kang, Seong-Gil 185 Harvey, Chris 29 Kang, Sukyung 74, 166 Hasegawa, Daisuke 70, 71, 162 Inui, Masumi 151 Ishikawa, Yoichi 27, 155 Kang, Sung-Ho 127 Hashihama, Fuminori 146 Kang, Tae-soon 164 Hawkins, Lawrence E. 90, 135 Ishiyama, Hiromu 143 Ishizu, Miho 30 Kanzeparova, Albina N. 124 Hawkins, Stephen J. 90, 135 Kaplunenko, Dmitry 69, 85, 99 Hayami, Yuichi 44 Itoh, Motoyo 165 Itoh, Sachihiko 142, 146 Kappel, Carrie V. 41 Hayashi, Akira 157 Kapshiter, A.V. 168 Haynie, Alan C. 54 Ito, Motohiro 77 Iwataki, Mitsunori 113 Kartikasari, Atri Triana 59 Hazen, Elliott 73, 109 Kashenko, Svetlana 170 He, Jianhua 98, 161, 163 Kasperski, Stephen 62 Hedlund, Brian P. 81 Katugin, Oleg N. 148 Helser, Thomas E. 76 Kershaw, Peter J. 34 Henson, Stephanie A. 28 Khoruzhiy, Alexey A. 157, 158

188 PICES-2017

Kikuchi, Takashi 165 Krupnova, Tatiana 49 Lin, Yong 100 Kikuchi, Tomohiko 88, 151 Kudela, Raphael M. 120 Lin, Zhenyue 152 Kim, Byoung Kweon 138 Kumar, Pavan 107 Lishavskaya, Tatyana S. 160, 161 Kim, Dong gun 172, 173 Kurita, Rikuya 133 Litzow, Michael 29 Kim, Donghwan 172 Kuroda, Hiroshi 95 Liu, Dan 51 Kim, Donghyun 173 Kurogi, Hiroaki 70 Liu, Guimei 46, 169 Kim, Dongseon 84 Kurokura, Hisashi 106 Liu, Guize 133 Kim, Eun Joo 182 Kurota, Hiroyuki 157 Liu, Hailong 146 Kim, Garam 87 Kuwahara, Victor S. 133 Liu, Lei 97 Kim, Hansoo 138 Kuwata, Akira 71 Liu, Ning 185 Kim, Hyeong-gi 90, 135 Kuzin, Viktor 101 Liu, Qiang 128 Kim, Hyun A 41 Kwong, Lian E. 121 Liu, Renyan 97 Kim, Hyun-cheol 127 Kwon, Oh-Youn 130 Liu, Shouhai 56 Kim, Hyun Jung 138 Kwon, Soon Man 31 Liu, Shouhua 178 Kim, Hyun Woo 90 Kwon, Youngsoo 78 Liu, Shufang 51 Kim, Il-Nam 45, 55, 136 Liu, Shuxi 100 Kim, Kwang Young 182 L Liu, Wei 61, 106 Kim, Kyeong-Hee 84 Ladychenko, Svetlana 69 Liu, Xiaoqun 128 Kim, Kyeong-Hong 176 Lapteva, Natalya 101 Liu, Yang 30, 52, 95 Kim, Kyung-Ryul 85 Lazaryuk, Alexander 69, 113 Li, Xianru 51 Kim, Minju 130, 176 Lee, Chung Il 31 Li, Yafang 89 Kim, Minkyung 173 Lee, Eunil 164 Li, Yiliang 98 Kim, Mira 138 Lee, Hee-Jee 33 Li, Yueyue 154 Kim, Miran 78 Lee, Hee-Jung 153 Li, Zhongyi 138 Kim, Moojin 74 Lee, Ho 78 Lobanov, Vyacheslav 60, 68, 69, 85, Kim, Philjae 172 Lee, Hye-Mi 153 99, 126 , 186 Kim, Seung-Kyu 33 Lee, Jiyoung 45, 136 Loboda, Sergey V. 181 Kim, Soyeon 45, 136 Lee, Kyunghwan 110 Loneragan, Neil R. 156 Kim, Suam 74 Lee, KyungJae 145 Loredo, Stephanie A. 64 Kim, Sung-Han 84 Lee, Minji 175 Losev, Oleg V. 170 Kim, Tae-Hoon 177 Lee, Na-yeon 78 Lozovoy, Аleksey 52 Kimura, Shingo 51, 111 Lee, Taehee 176 Lu, Douding 116, 174 Kim, Yong Sun 168 Lee, Taekjun 172 Lu, Youyu 177 Kim, Yunji 175 Legendre, Louis 29 Lu, Zihao 134 Kitajima, Satoshi 92 Lepskaya, Ekaterina 125 Luan, Sheng 92, 93 Kitakado, Toshihide 80 Lewison, Rebecca 109 Lukyanova, Olga N. 141 Kittiwatanawong, Kongkiat 78 Li, Daoji 33, 131 Lum, Wai Mun 113 Kivva, Kirill 26 Li, Dongmei 112 Luo, Haiwei 81 Klimova, Anna V. 171 Li, Jia 45 Luo, Kun 93 Klimov, Аnton 52 Li, Jianchao 30 M Klochkova, Nina G. 171 Li, Jia-rui 179 Klochkova, Tatyana A. 171 Li, Jingmei 105 Ma, Yujuan 139 Kobari, Toru 183 Li, Qi 72 Macdonald, Alison M. 55 Kobzar, Anna 163 Li, Qingsheng 46 Mahara, Natalie 50, 121, 122 Kohin, Suzy 109 Liang, Cui 181 Makino, Mitsutaku 58, 59 Kong, Christina E. 56 Liang, Yubo 97, 112 Markkandan, Kesavan 45, 136 Kong, Jie 92, 93 Liang, Zhenlin 156 Martin, Adrian P. 28 Kosobokova, Ksenia N. 103 Lian, Peng 132 Masson, Diane 83 Kotani, Tomonari 183 Liapidevskii, Valeriy 102 Matrosova, Inga 137 Kotenev, Boris 76 Liguori, Giovanni 100 Matsuba, Misako 155 Kouketsu, Shinya 146 Lim, Jae-Hyun 45, 136 Matsuoka, Koji 80 Kovekovdova, Lidia T. 97 Lim, Jung Hyun 41 Matsuura, Yuka 183 Kozlova, T.V. 124 Lim, Weol-Ae 115 Matta, Mary Elizabeth 76 Kozlovskii, Nikolai 35 Lin, Feng 98 Matveev, Vladimir 49 Kozub, Polina K. 142 Lin, Jing 98 Maxwell, Sara 109 Krapivin, Vladimir 135 Lin, Longshan 72 Mbithi, Daniel M. 173 Kristina, Zhukova 155 Lin, Mingsen 165 McClatchie, Sam 29 Krovnin, Andrei 76 Lin, Qun 138 McKibben, S. Morgaine 117

189 PICES-2017

McWhinnie, Lauren 91 O Privalikhin, Andrey M. 93 Men, Wu 98, 161, 163 Pugach, Svetlana P. 149, 167 Meng, Xianhong 93 Obzhirov, A.I. 125 Mercier, Jean F. 31 O’Hara, Patrick D. 37, 91 Q Oh, Chul-Woong 90, 135 Mikawa, Mana 88 Qi, Di 72 Mikhajlik, Tatyana 85 Oh, Hyung-min 164 Ohnishi, Takuya 88 Qin, Yutao 56, 118 Miki, Shizuho 162 Qu, Keming 154 Mishukov, V.F. 32, 125 Ohota, Naoki 165 Mishukova, Galina I. 125 Ohshimo, Seiji 157 R Miyairi, Yosuke 111 Oishi, Taro 106 Miyashita, Tomio 171 Okada, Yuki 142 Rabinovich, Alexander B. 169 Miyazawa, Yasumasa 30 Okado, Jumpei 77 Radchenkova, T. 164 Mizobata, Kohei 165 Okazaki, Makoto 70 Rani, Meenu 107 Mkrtchyan, Ferdenant 135 Oke, Michael Adedotun 172 Reum, Jon 54 Moiseeva, Yuliia A. 167 Okunishi, Takeshi 70, 71, 146 Rho, Hyun Soo 90, 135 Mok, Jin-Sook 84 Ono, Tsuneo 30 Rivkin, Richard B. 29, 82, 86 Molinos, Jorge Garcia 75 Onwonga, Richard N. 173 Robert, Marie 55 Moon, Changho 175 Orben, Rachael A. 64 Rochman, Chelsea M. 23 Moore, G.W. Kent 103 Orlova, Tatiana Y. 113, 119 Rogachev, Konstantin 151, 166 Morgan, Ken 37 Osipov, Konstantin 62 Rooper, Chris 158 Mori, Takaaki 141 Ostrovskii, Alexander 68, 69 Ross, Peter S. 35, 37 Ross, Tetjana 55 Morita, Takami 162 P Morozova, Tatiana 117 Ruban, Alexey S. 147, 149 Moshchenko, Alexander V. 160, Pakhomov, Evgeny A. 50, 121, 122 Rykaczewski, Ryan R. 94 161 Palter, Jaime B. 65 S Moury, George 76 Pan, Xindong 52 Mueter, Franz J. 75 Park, Heeyoon 186 Sachoemar, Suhendar I 58, 59 Muhling, Barbara 108, 111 Park, Hong-chul 78 Sagalaev, Sergey 99 Muko, Soyoka 157 Park, Jae-Hun 69 Saitoh, Sei-Ichi 27, 75, 95, 127 Muktepavel, Larisa 164 Park, Jaeyeon 182 Sakamoto, Setsuko 116 Murase, Hiroto 80 Park, June-Woo 38, 130 Samhouri, Jameal F. 41 Murugapiran, Senthil K. 81 Park, Jungsoo 89 Samko, Eugene V. 143 Muthama, Nzioka J. 173 Park, Junhyung 45, 136 Samonov, Vitaliy 171 Park, Ju-un 173 Santos, Anna N. 62 N Park, Ki-Tae 55 Sasaki, Hideharu 53 Na, Guangshui 98, 134 Park, Tae-Gyu 115 Sasaki, Hiroko 80 Nagai, Takeyoshi 134 Park, Young-Gyu 36, 68 Sassa, Chiyuki 92 Nagasaka, A. 185 Passow, Uta 83 Sastri, Akash 47, 61, 122, 183 Nakano, Toshiya 99 Pauly, Daniel 181 Sawayama, Shuhei 70 Nam, SungHyun 145 Pavlova, Elena 102 Scales, Kylie L. 109 Nardo, Gerard Di 108 Pavlova, Galina Yu. 85 Schneider, Niklas 53 Navrotsky, Vadim 102 Peacock, Melissa B. 120 Seito, Masaki 27 Naydenko, Svetlana 157 Pearce, Christopher M. 36 Selina, Marina 117 Neretin, Lev 39, 185 Peña, Angelica 83 Semiletov, Igor P. 147, 149, 167 Neroda, A.S. 32 Peng, Benrong 105 Semkin, Pavel Yu. 85 Ni, Xiaobo 45 Peng, Guyu 33, 131 Senn, David B. 120 Nikitin, Alexander A. 168 Permyakov, Peter A. 180 Seo, Seongbong 36 Ning, Jiajia 89 Perry, R. Ian 40, 58, 59, 73 Seo, Young Il 41 Nishikawa, Tetsuya 116 Petrova, Evgeniya A. 170 Seol, Kang So 31 Nishino, Shigeto 165 Petukhov, Valery I. 170 Sereda, Amrtatjuti V. 60 Noel, Marie 35 Piatt, John F. 77 Sergeev, Alexander 126 Noh, Jae-Hoon 84 Pickart, Robert S. 68, 103 Serra-Sogas, Norma 91 Noh, Suyun 145 Ping, Xia 174 Sevastianov, Alexander V. 160, 161 Nonaka, Masami 53 Pipko, Irina I. 149, 167 Shakhova, N. 147 Norgard, Tammy 55 Pisareva, Maria N. 68, 103 Shan, Xiujuan 49, 50, 138 Novikova, Olga 96, 149 Platov, Gennady 101 Shatilina, T. 164 Novikov, Roman 159 Ponomarev, Sergey S. 155 Shatravin, Alexander 69 Novikov, Yury V. 143 Porquez, Jessica M. 64 Shcherbakova, Kseniia P. 167 Nurdjaman, Susanna 57 Prants, Sergey V. 64, 65 Shen, Zhonghua 106 190 PICES-2017

Shevtsov, Genndayi A. 148 Tanaka, Yusuke 155 Wakita, Kazumi 106 Shigenobu, Yuya 162 Teo, Steven 108 Wang, Baodong 144 Shi, Huahong 33 Terauchi, Genki 115 Wang, Cui 46 Shi, Lijian 165, 182 Tesi, T. 147 Wang, Fan 177, 178 Shimode, Shinji 88, 133, 151 Thomson, Richard 73, 169 Wang, Fenfen 98 Shim, Won Joon 34, 35, 37, 128, Thorson, James T. 26, 40 Wang, Hongxia 174 129, 130, 162 Tian, Jiwei 66 Wang, Hui 46 Shin, Ho-Jeong 99, 100 Tian, Tao 132 Wang, Jia 112 Shin, Hyoung Chul 127 Tian, Yongjun 30, 52, 95, 156 Wang, Jianing 177 Shin, Kyoungsoon 180 Tischenko, Pavel 85, 99 Wang, Jinhui 56, 118 Shin, Sook 172, 173 Tiupeleev, Petr A. 171 Wang, Jinkeng 46 Shi, Xiaoli 93 Tkalin, Alexander V. 42 Wang, Jun 66, 138 Shlyk, Natalia 126, 151, 166 Toda, Tatsuki 88, 133, 151 Wang, Juying 33 Shriver, Jennifer 63 Tojo, Naoki 141 Wang, Kui 45 Shtraikhert, Elena A. 43 Tokunaga, Kanae 27 Wang, Lianggen 89 Shulkin, Vladimir M. 42, 113 Tommasi, Desiree 72, 73, 108, 111 Wang, Peng 81 Simokon, Mikhail V. 97 Tomoda, Tsutomu 70 Wang, Pengbin 116, 174 Smallshaw, Leh 91 Tong, Jinlu 72 Wang, Qingyin 93 Smith, David 132 Towler, Rick 158 Wang, Qiulu 56 Smith, John N. 31 Trainer, Vera L. 60, 117, 119, 120 Wang, Xiaohua 179 Sokolov, Oleg 186 Trick, Charles 60, 119 Wang, Xuehui 89 Song, Young Kyoung 35, 129 Trites, Andrew W. 79, 80 Wang, Yanyan 154 Song, Young Kyung 128, 129 Trukhin, Alexey M. 180 Wang, Yuan-jun 179 Son, Ju Won 176 Trusenkova, Olga 69 Wan, Ruijing 94 Son, SeungHyun 55 Tsitsiashvili, G. 164 Ward, Eric 29 Son, Young Baek 176 Tsuchiya, Kenji 133 Watanabe, Eiji 165 Sorokin, Yury D. 53 Tsuda, Atsushi 88 Watanabe, Tsuyoshi 70, 87 Spall, Michael A. 103 Tsukada, Yushiro 165 Watanuki, Yutaka 77 Sparks, Kim 62 Tsukamoto, Youichi 92 Watkins, Mathew 35 Spencer, Paul 76 Tsunoda, Tomohiko 30 Weingartner, Thomas J. 68 Spijker, Jessica 140 Tsygankov, Vasiliy Yu. 141 Wei, Qinsheng 144 Stepanenko, Mikhail A. 148 Tsypysheva, Irina 49, 164 Welch, Heather 109 Stepanov, Dmitry V. 54, 67 Tuponogov, Vladimir 159 Wells, Mark 58, 59, 119 Stochkute, Julia V. 174 Turley, Brendan D. 94 White, Angelique E. 117 Stock, Charles 73 Turra, Alexander 34 Whitney, Frank 101 Stonik, Inna V. 119 Tweedley, James R. 156 Williams, Kresimir 158 Sugie, Koji 84 Wilson, Laurie 37 Sun, Heng 72 U Wingert, Charles J. 120 Sun, Junchuan 144 Ubagan, Michael D. 172 Wood, Jocelyn 37 Sun, Peng 156 Udagawa, Toru 162 Wu, Fangzhu 128 Sun, Runlong 156 Ueno, Hiromichi 142, 143, 165 Wu, Lingjuan 112 Sun, Ying 81 Uleysky, Michael Yu. 64, 65 Wu, Rui 30 Suryan, Robert M. 64 Ushikubo, Takayuki 111 Wu, Zhongxin 156 Suttle, Curtis A. 82 Ustinova, Elena I. 53, 70 X Suzuki, Kei 157 Usui, Norihisa 27 Suzuki, Koji 84 Xiang, Yunyun Xiang 140 Szuwalski, Cody 23 V Xian, Weiwei 150, 181 T Vakh, Elena A. 85 Xia, Ping 116 Vaschenko, Marina 42 Xia, Tao 61, 106 Tadokoro, Kazuaki 87, 162 Vasilevskaya, L.N. 174 Xie, Senyang 179 Tadzhibaev, Artyom 163 Vasilevsky, D.N. 174 Xie, Wei 81 Takahashi, Kazutaka 88 Vassilenko, Katerina 35 Xiu, Peng 45 Takahashi, Kazuya 113 Vazhova, Anna S. 43, 160 Xu, Binduo 52 Takahashi, Motomitsu 40, 92, 157 Venello, Theresa A. 122 Xu, Bochao 144 Takeshige, Aigo 51 Xu, Dongfeng 66 Tamura, Tsutomu 79, 80 W Xu, Lei 89 Tanaka, Mikiko 162 Xu, Mingquan 66 Tanaka, Takahiro 142 Waddell, Brenda 73 Xu, Pei 131

191 PICES-2017

Xu, Suqing 139 Z Xu, Xun 152 Xu, Yan 56 Zador, Stephani 29, 77 Xuan, Jiliang 45 Zaitsev, Oleg 169 Xuefa, Shi 99 Zakharkov, Sergey P. 43 Xue, Huijie 45 Zavolokin, Aleksandr 184 Zeng, Dingyong 45 Zeng, Jiangning 128 Y Zeng, Tao 165, 182 Zhabin, Igor A. 67 Yamada, Yuichiro 183 Zhadan, Peter 42 Yamakita, Takehisa 155 Zhai, Wei-kang 179 Yamamoto, Ayako 65 Zhang, Chang Ik 41 Yamamoto, Keigo 114 Zhang, Chi 30, 52 Yamamoto, Mitsuo 51 Zhang, Chuanlun 81 Yamazaki, Hidekatsu 134 Zhang, Hui 150 Yanagi, Tetsuo 58 Zhang, Jian 179 Yang, Chenghao 66 Zhang, Jinlun 104 Yang, Eun-Jin 84 Zhang, Jun 154 Yang, H. 140 Zhang, Kui 132 Yang, Lu 56 Zhang, Linxiao 134 Yang, Qing 133 Zhang, Rong-Hua 177 Yang, Tao 49 Zhang, Xiumei 156 Yanguang, Liu 99 Zhang, Xuelei 78 Yao, Qingzhen 144 Zhang, Yusheng 98, 161, 163 Yao, Ziwei 98 Zhang, Zhaoru 146 Yara, Yumiko 155 Zhang, Zhihua 186 Yasuda, Tohya 157 Zhang, Zhiwei 66 Yasumiishi, Ellen 75 Zhao, Shiye 33 Ye, Jinqing 133 Zhao, Wei 66 Ye, Yimin 132 Zheng, Jingjing 46, 169 Ye, Zhenjiang 52 Zheng, Xiangrong 112 Yeh, Sang-Wook 168 Zheng, Xinqing 152 Yim, Un Hyuk 162 Zhiganova, Irina 52 Yoda, Mari 157 Zhivotovsky, Lev 19 Yokota, Masashi 134 Zhong, Yisen 66, 146 Yokoyama, Yusuke 111 Zhou, Feng 45 Yoon, Eun Young 182 Zhou, Jizhong 86 Yoon, Joo-Eun 55, 136 Zhou, Lei 146 Yoon, Tae Joong 172, 173 Zhou, Meng 146 Yoo, Sinjae 56, 84, 90 Zhou, Shijie 132 Yoshida, Takafumi 115 Zhuang, Zhimeng 51 Yoshimura, Takeshi 84 Zhu, Bangshang 131 Young, Jock W. 22 Zhukova, Kristina 93 Yu, Ting 186 Zhu, Wenxi 186 Yu, Wen 98, 161, 163 Zolotukhin, S.F. 124 Yu, Zhigang 144 Zou, Bin 165, 182 Yuan, Shouyi 95 Zou, Xiaochen 178 Yuan, Xiutang 47 Zou, Yarong 165 Yuan, Yaochu 66 Zuenko, Yury 24, 49 Yue, Xinyang 178 Zuev, Mikhail A. 148 Yun, Hong gil 130 Zvereva, Lubov V. 163

192 PICES-2017

Registrants (as of July 31)

Australia Sonia D. Batten Lu Guan Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for School of Earth and Ocean Ocean Science Sciences Jock Young 4737 Vista View Cres. University of Victoria CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8 Bob Wright Centre, 3800 Finnerty Research Canada Rd. (Ring road) 1 Castray Esplanade [email protected] Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Canada Australia [email protected] [email protected] Jennifer L. Boldt Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station Nicola Haigh 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Microthalassia Consultants Inc Bangladesh Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 3174 Rock City Rd Canada Nanaimo, BC V9T1T4 [email protected] Canada Sulab Chandra Das Gupta [email protected] Marine Fisheries Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Peter Chandler Academy Fisheries and Oceans Canada Kim Houston Vill:Mirzapur, Post ffice:Shamgonj Institute of Ocean Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Dis:Lakshmipur P.O. Box 6000 Institute of Ocean Sciences Lakshmipur, 3700 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 9860 West Saanich Rd. Bangladesh Canada Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 [email protected] [email protected] Canada [email protected]

James Christian Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada Jennifer M. Jackson Canadian Centre for Climate Hakai Institute Modelling and Analysis 100 - 1002 Wharf St Selina Agbayani c/o University of Victoria, P.O. Victoria, BC V8W 1T4 Marine Mammal Research Unit, Box 3065 Canada IOF Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 [email protected] University of British Columbia Canada Rm. 247 Aquatic Ecosystems [email protected] Research Laboratory, 2202 Ma S. Kim Juniper Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Ocean Networks Canada Canada Garth Aidan Covernton University of Victoria [email protected] Department of Biology P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, 2300 University of Victoria McKenzie Ave. Cunningham 202, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 M. Robin Anderson 3800 Finnerty Rd. Canada Science Branch Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 [email protected] Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canada 80 White Hills Road East [email protected] St. John’s, NL A1C 3T3 Jackie R. King Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada [email protected] Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 Canada [email protected]

193 PICES-2017

Carmel Lowe Richard B. Rivkin Thomas W. Therriault Fisheries and Oceans Canada Department of Ocean Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station Memorial University of Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Newfoundland 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 Elizabeth Ave. Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 Canada St. John’s, NF A1C 5S7 Canada [email protected] Canada [email protected] [email protected]

Natalie Mahara Charles Trick Department of Earth, Ocean, and Chelsea Rochman Department of Biology Atmospheric Sciences Department of Ecology and Western University University of British Columbia Evolutionary Biology Rm. 402, North Campus Bldg., 2706 SW Marine Dr. University of Toronto 1151 Richmond St. N. Vancouver, BC V6P 6C2 25 Wilcox St, Rm 3055 London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada [email protected] Canada [email protected] [email protected]

Patrick D. O’Hara Andrew W. Trites Canadian Wildlife Service Tetjana Ross Institute for the Oceans and Environment and Climate Change Institute of Ocean Sciences Fisheries Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada University of British Columbia c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 6000 Rm. 247, AERL, 2202 Main Mall 9860 W. Saanich Rd. Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada Canada Canada [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Akash Sastri Katerina Vassilenko Angelica Peña Ocean Networks Canada Vancouver Aquarium Fisheries and Oceans Canada University of Victoria 887 Great Northern Way Institute of Ocean Sciences Technology Enterprise Facility, Vancouver, BC V5Z1C9 9860 W. Saanich Rd., 2300 McKenzie Ave. Canada P.O. Box 6000 Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 [email protected] Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada Canada [email protected] [email protected] Andrea White Fisheries and Oceans Canada John N. Smith 200 Kent St., Mail Station 12S030 Ian Perry Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography Canada Pacific Biological Station 1 Challenger Dr. [email protected] 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Dartmouth, NS B2Y4A2 Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7 Canada Canada [email protected] [email protected]

Curtis Suttle Vladimir I. Radchenko Department of Earth, Ocean and (represents NPAFC) Atmospheric Sciences Executive Director University of British Columbia North Pacific Anadromous Fish 2020 – 2207 Main Mall Commission Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 502-889 West Pender St. Canada Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2 [email protected] Canada [email protected]

194 PICES-2017

China Zuozhi Chen Chunjiang Guan Fishery Resources Division National Marine Environmental South China Sea Fisheries Monitoring Center (NMEMC), Xiaodong Bian Research Institute, CAFS SOA Yellow Sea Fisheries Research 231 Xingang Rd. West, 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District Institute Haizhu District Guangzhou, Dalian, Liaoning 116023 Chinese Academy of Fishery Guangdong 510300 China, PR Sciences China, PR [email protected] 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District [email protected] Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China, PR Lisha Guan [email protected] Zhengguo Cui Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS Institute Rm. 1506, No. 106 Nanjing Rd. Jianming Chen Chinese Academy of Fishery Qingdao, Shandong 266071 Third Institute of Oceanography, Sciences China, PR SOA 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District [email protected] 184 Daxue Rd., Siming District Qingdao, Shandong 266071 Xiamen, AB N/A China, PR China, PR [email protected] Hao Guo [email protected] National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (NMEMC), Xinfeng Dai SOA Keliang Chen Key Laboratory of Marine 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District Third Institute of Oceanography, Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry Dalian, Liaoning 116023 SOA of State Oceanic Ad China, PR 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District The Second Institute of [email protected] Xiamen, 361005 Oceanography, SOA China, PR 36 Baochubei Rd. [email protected] Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 Jianhua He China, PR Third Institute of Oceanography, [email protected] SOA Luoluo Chen 184 Daxue Rd., Siming District Dalian, 116000 Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China, PR Jinqiu Du China, PR [email protected] Department of Marine Chemistry [email protected] National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (NMEMC), Manchun Chen SOA Wei Huang Marine Ecological Environmental 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District Second Institute of Oceanography, Department Dalian, Liaoning 116023 SOA National Marine Data and China, PR 36 North Bao-chu Rd. Information Service [email protected] Hangzhou, 310012 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District China, PR Tianjin, 300171 [email protected] China, PR Zhongyong Gao [email protected] Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chuanlin Huo Chemistry Department of Marine Yanlong Chen Third Institute of Oceanography, Environmental Protection, SOA 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District SOA 1 Fuxingmenwai Ave. Dalian, 116023 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District Beijing, 100860 China, PR Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China, PR [email protected] China, PR [email protected]

195 PICES-2017

Zhang Jian Jingmei Li Yong Lin National Marine Data and School of Economics National Marine Environmental Information Service Ocean University of China Monitoring Center (NMEMC), 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District 238 Songling Rd. SOA Tianjin,300171, Qingdao, Shandong 266061 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District China, PR China, PR Dalian, Liaoning 16023 [email protected] [email protected] China, PR [email protected]

Nianzhi Jiao Qingsheng Li State Key Laboratory of Marine Third Institute of Oceanography, Guimei Liu Environmental Science SOA National Marine Environmental Xiamen University, Xiang-An 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District Forecasting Center Campus Xiamen, Fujian 361005 State Oceanic Administration A3-301 Zhou Long Quan China, PR (SOA) Xiamen, Fujian 361102 [email protected] 8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District China, PR Beijing, 100081 [email protected] China, PR Peng Lian [email protected] Fisheries College Xianshi Jin Ocean University of China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research 5 Rd., YuShan South District Renyan Liu Institute, CAFS Qingdao, Shandong 266071 National Marine Environmental 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District China, PR Monitoring Center (NMEMC), Qingdao, Shandong 266071 [email protected] SOA China, PR 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District [email protected] Dalian, Liaoning 116023 Cui Liang China, PR Institute of Oceanology, CAS [email protected] Jie Kong 7 Nanhai Rd. Laboratory for Sustainable Qingdao, Shandong 266071 Utilization of Marine Fisheries China, PR Shufang Liu Resources [email protected] Molecular Ecology of Fishery Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Resources Institute, CAFS Yellow Sea Fisheries Research 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District Qun Lin Institute, CAFS Qingdao, Shandong 266071 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District China, PR Institute, CAFS Qingdao, Shandong 266071 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District China, PR Qingdao, Shandong 266071 [email protected] Daoji Li China, PR State Key Lab. of Estuarine and [email protected] Coastal Research Wei Liu East China Normal University Research Center for Marine 3663 North Zhongshan Rd. Xuezheng Lin Ecology Shanghai, 200062 First Institute of Oceanography, First Institute of Oceanography, China, PR SOA SOA [email protected] 6 Xianxialing Rd., LaoShan 6 Xianxialing Rd., District LaoShan District Qingdao, Shandong 266061 Qingdao, Shandong 266061 Jianchao Li China, PR China, PR Ocean University of China [email protected] [email protected] Fishery College 5 Yushan Rd. Qingdao, 266003 China, PR [email protected]

196 PICES-2017

Yang Liu Xianhong Meng Xiujuan Shan College of Fisheries Breeding Laboratory Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Ocean University of China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS 5 Yushan Rd. Institute, CAFS 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District Qingdao, Shandong 266003 106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China, PR QingDao, ShanDong 266071 China, PR [email protected] China, PR [email protected] [email protected]

Douding Lu Chen Sunny Shang Marine Ecosystem and Guangshui Na Research Center for Marine Biogeochemistry 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District Ecology Second Institute of Oceanography, Dalian, 116023 First Institute of Oceanography, SOA China, PR SOA 36 Baochubei Rd. [email protected] Rm. 521, Science Bldg., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 6 Xianxialing Rd., LaoShan Dist China, PR Qingdao, Shandong 266061 [email protected] Xindong Pan China, PR Fishery resources [email protected] Ocean University of China Ya-Wei Luo 5 Yushan Rd. State Key Laboratory of Marine Qingdao, Shandong 266000 Lijian Shi Environmental Science China, PR 8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District Xiamen University, Xiang-An [email protected] Beijing, 100081 Campus China, PR A3-317 Zhou Long Quan Hall [email protected] Xiang-An, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 Benrong Peng China, PR College of Environment and [email protected] Ecology, Xiamen University Peng Sun A 107, Huansheng Bld., Xiangan College of Fisheries Campus, Xiamen Universit Ocean University of China Haiyan Lv Xiamen, Fujian 361021 5 Yushan Rd. Chinese Academy of Fishery China, PR Qingdao, Shandong 266003 Sciences, Ministry of [email protected] China, PR Agriculture, CAFS [email protected] 150 Qingtacun, South Yongding Rd. Beijing, 100141 Guyu Peng China, PR State Key Laboratory of Estuarine Song Sun and Coastal Research Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology East China Normal University and Environmental Science Zhuojun Ma 3663 Zhongshan N. Rd. Institute of Oceanology, CAS Chinese Academy of Fishery Shanghai, 200062 7 Nanhai Rd. Sciences China, PR Qingdao, Shandong 266071 150 Qingtacun, South Yongding [email protected] China, PR Rd., Fengtai District [email protected] Beijing, 100141 China, PR Fangli Qiao [email protected] First Institute of Oceanography, Fangfang Wan SOA Marine Data Center 6 Xianxialing Rd., LaoShan National Marine Data and Wu Men District Information Service Department of Marine Biology and Qingdao, Shandong 266061 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District Ecology China, PR Tianjin, 300171 Third Institute of Oceanography, [email protected] China, PR SOA [email protected] 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China, PR [email protected]

197 PICES-2017

Fan Wang Qiulu Wang Weiwei Xian Institute of Oceanology, CAS National Marine Data and Insititute of Oceanology, CAS 7 Nanhai Rd. Information Service 7 Nanhai Rd. Qingdao, 266071 Marine Ecology Environment Qingdao, Shandong 266071 China, PR Department China, PR [email protected] 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District [email protected] Tianjin, 300171 China, PR Haiyan Wang [email protected] Yunyun Xiang Third Institute of Oceanography, Laboratory SOA Second Institute of Oceanography, 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District Ruirui Wang SOA Xiamen, 361005 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District 36 North Bao-chu Rd. China, PR DaLian, Liaoning 116023 Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 [email protected] China, PR China, PR [email protected] [email protected]

Jianing Wang Institute of Oceanology, CAS Qinsheng Wei Dongfeng Xu 7 Nanhai Rd. First Institute of Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, 266071 SOA SOA China, PR 6 Xianxialing Rd., 36 Baochubei Rd. [email protected] LaoShan District Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 Qingdao, Shandong 266061 China, PR China, PR [email protected] Jinhui Wang [email protected] East China sea Branch, SOA 630 Dong Tang Rd. Lu Yang Shanghai, Shanghai 200137 Jiajun Wu 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District China, PR State Key Laboratory in Marine Tianjin, 300171 [email protected] Pollution China, PR City University of Hong Kong [email protected] 83 Tat Chee Avenue, KLN Lianggen Wang Hong Kong, 999077 South China Sea Fisheries China, PR Wen Yu Research Institute, CAFS [email protected] Laboratory of Marine Isotopic 231 West Xingang Rd., Technology and Environmental Haizhu District Risk Assessment Guangzhou, 510300 Lingjuan Wu Third Institute of Oceanography, China, PR North China Sea Marine SOA [email protected] Forecasting Center, State 184 Daxue Rd., Siming District Oceanic Administration of Xiamen, 361005 27 Yunling Rd., Laoshan Dist. China, PR Lijun Wang Qingdao, Shandong 266061 [email protected] National Marine Environmental China, PR mornitorng Center (NMEMC), [email protected] SOA Xiutang Yuan 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District Department of Marine Dalian, Liaoning 116023 Zhongxin Wu Environmental Ecology China, PR Fishery College National Marine Environmental [email protected] Guangdong Ocean University Monitoring Center (NMEMC), 1 Haida Rd., Mazhang District SOA Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088 42 Linghe St., Shahekou District China, PR Dalian, Liaoning 116023 [email protected] China, PR [email protected]

198 PICES-2017

Xinyang Yue Yao Zhang Rui Zheng Marine Data Center Xiamen University Department of International NMDIS Rm. A3-316, Zhou Long Quan Cooperation 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District Building, Xiang’an Campus, X State Oceanic Administration Tianjin, 300171 Xiamen, 361102 (SOA) China, PR China, PR 1 Fuxingmenwai Ave. [email protected] [email protected] Beijing, 100860 China, PR [email protected] Chuanlun Zhang Yujiao Zhang Soutern University of Science and State Key Laboratory of Marine Techlogy of China Envionmental Science Feng Zhou 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan Institute of Marine Microbes and Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Shenzhen, 518055 Ecospheres (IME) Environment Dynamics China, PR A2-301 Zhoulongquan Bldg., No. Second Institute of Oceanography, [email protected] 4221 Xiang’an South Rd. SOA Xiamen, Fujian 361102 36 Baochubei Rd. China, PR Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 Jinzhao Zhang [email protected] China, PR 219 Jieyuanxi Rd., Nankai District [email protected] Tianjin, 300112 China, PR Yusheng Zhang [email protected] Department of Marine Biology and Lei Zhou Ecology SOED Third Institute of Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Jun Zhang SOA SOA 231 West Xingang Rd., 178 Daxue Rd., Siming District 36 Baochubei Rd. Haizhu District Xiamen, Fujian 361005 Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012 Guangzhou, 510300 China, PR China, PR China, PR [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Feng Zhao Rui Zhang East China Sea Fisheries Research Chinese-Taipei Institute of Marine Microbes and Institute, CAFS Ecospheres, Xiamen University, 300 Jungong Rd., Yangpu District Xiang-An Campus Shanghai, 200090 Chi-Lu Sun A3-314 Zhoulongquan Bldg. China, PR ISC Xiamen, Fujian 361102 [email protected] 4, 5TH FL NO 6, Hsin-Shen South China, PR Rd. Section 1 [email protected] Taipei City, 10058 Jingjing Zheng Chinese-Taipei National Marine Environmental [email protected] Xuelei Zhang Forecasting Center (NMEFC), Center for Marine Ecology SOA Research 8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District First Institute of Oceanography, Beijing, 100081 SOA China, PR 6 Xianxialing Rd., [email protected] LaoShan District Qingdao, Shandong 266061 China, PR [email protected]

199 PICES-2017

France Meenu Rani Japan Ocenography G.B. Pant National Institute of Louis Legendre Himalayan Environment & Daisuke Ambe Villefranche Oceanography Sustainable Develop Fisheries Research and Education Laboratory Almora, Agency Pierre & Marie Curie University Uttarakhand 263601 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Paris 06 India Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 Observatoire Océanologique 181 [email protected] Japan Chemin du Lazaret [email protected] Villefranche-sur-mer, 06230 France [email protected] Indonesia Robert Blasiak Laboratory of Global Fisheries Science Ratu Siti Aliah The University of Tokyo Germany Center for Agricultural Production 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Technology Tokyo, 1138657 Agency for the Assessment Japan Isa O. Elegbede and Application of Technology [email protected] Department of Environmental (BPPT) Planning Brandenburg University Gedung 610, Kawasan of Technology PUSPIPTEK Serpong Gabriel Ruske Freitas Universitätsstraße 13, 230-1 Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 Oceanography Cottbus, Brandenburg 03046 Indonesia 2-2, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo. Germany [email protected] B0707. [email protected] Tokyo, 1350064 Japan Susanna Nurdjaman [email protected] Oceanography India Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha 10 Chika Fujimitsu Bandung, West Java 40132 Department of Agriculture Amit Kumar Indonesia 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Haryana Institute of Public [email protected] Tokyo, 1008907 Administration Japan 76, Sector-18 [email protected] Gurgaon, 122015 Suhendar Indrakoesmaya Sachoemar India Center for Development, Education [email protected] and Training Agency for the Tetsuichiro Funamoto Assessment and Application of Fisheries Agency Technology (BPPT) 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki Pavan Kumar BPPT II Bld 6 Fl. JL. M.H. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8907 Department of Remote Sensing Thamrin No.8, Jakarta 10340 Japan Kumaun University, Uttarakhand Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10340 [email protected] City, 263601 Indonesia India [email protected] [email protected] Yulina Hane Natural Environmental Studies Fasih Vidiastuti Sholihah The University of Tokyo / Kumari Neha Communication and Community Atmosphere and Ocean Research Ocenography Development Institute Banaras Hindu University Bogor Agricultural University Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 Gang Bunga, Kademangan Village Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882 India Rt 06 Rw 01 No 40, Setu Japan [email protected] South Tangerang, Banten 15313 Indonesia [email protected]

200 PICES-2017

Daisuke Hasegawa Hiromichi Igarashi Osamu Katoh Tohoku National Fisheries Geoinformatics Research 1-5939-22 Research Institute Department, Center for Earth Suido-cho Japan Fisheries Research and Information Science and Chuo-ku Education Agency Technology/ JAMSTEC Niigata, 951-8121 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku Japan Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001 Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001 [email protected] Japan Japan [email protected] [email protected] Masashi Kiyota National Resarch Institute of Far Kaoru Hattori Yusuke Ikawa Seas Fisheries Hokkaido National Fisheries 260-7, Iijima-cho, Sakae-ku Fisheries Research and Research Institute Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0842 Education Agency Japan Fisheries Research and Japan 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Education Agency [email protected] Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 116 Katsurakoi Japan Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802 [email protected] Japan Joji Ishizaka [email protected] Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Toru Kobari Nagoya University Faculty of Fisheries Yuichi Hayami Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Kagoshima University Institute of Lowland and Marine Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 4-50-20 Shimoarata Research, Saga University Japan Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056 1 Honjo-machi [email protected] Japan Saga, Saga 8400027 [email protected] Japan [email protected] Miho Ishizu Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Rikuya Kurita Science and Technology Laboratory of Environmental Akira Hayashi (JAMSTEC) Optics (Kuwahara laboratory), Fisheries Resources and 3173-25 Showa-machi, Environmental Eng. Oceanography Division Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Soka University Seikai National Fisheries Kanagawa 236-0001 1-236 Tangi-cho Research Institute, FRA Japan Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8577 1551-8 Taira-machi Japan Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213 [email protected] Japan Sachihiko Itoh [email protected] Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute Ryuji Kuwahara The University of Tokyo National Research Institute of Toyomitsu Horii 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Fisheries and Environment National Research Institute of Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564 of Inland Sea Japan Fisheries Fisheries Science, FRA Japan Research and Education Agency 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku [email protected] 2-17-5 Maruishi Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648 Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452 Japan Japan [email protected] Mitsunori Iwataki [email protected] Asian Natural Environmental Science Center University of Tokyo Hideaki Maki 1-1-1 Yayoi National Institute for Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Environmental Studies (NIES) Japan 16-2 Onogawa [email protected] Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan [email protected]

201 PICES-2017

Mitsutaku Makino Lev Neretin Tsuneo Ono Japan Fisheries Research and NOWPAP / United Nations Fisheries Oceanography Group, Education Agency Environment Programme Oceanic resources Division 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Northwest Pacific Action Plan National Research Institute of Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 (NOWPAP) Far Seas Fisheries, FRA Japan Regional Coordi 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku [email protected] Toyama, 930-0856 Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 Japan Japan [email protected] [email protected] Yutaka Michida AORI, The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 Masami Nonaka Sei-Ichi Saitoh Kashiwa, 2778564 Climate Variability Prediction Arctic Research Center Japan and Application Research Hokkaido University [email protected] GroupApplication Laboratory, N21W11 Kita-Ku JAMSTEC Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku Japan Mai Miyamoto Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001 [email protected] National Research Institute of Far Japan Seas Fisheries, FRA [email protected] 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Setsuko Sakamoto Yokohama, 236-8646 National Research Institute of Japan Takuya Ohnishi Fisheries and Environment [email protected] Atmosphere and Ocean Research of Inland Sea Japan Fisheries Institute Research and Education Agency 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 2-17-5 Maruishi Takami Morita Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564 Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452 National Research Institute of Japan Japan Fisheries Science, FRA [email protected] [email protected] 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 Japan Yuki Okada Hiroko Sasaki [email protected] School of Fisheries Sciences 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Hokkaido University Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 3-1-1, Minato-cho Japan Akihiko Murata Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611 [email protected] RCGC Japan Japan Agency for Marine-Earth [email protected] Science and Technology Shinji Shimode (JAMSTEC), FRA Graduate School of Environment 2-15 Natsushima-cho Jumpei Okado and Information Sciences, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061 Graduate School of Fisheries Manazuru Marine Ce Japan Sciences Yokohama National University [email protected] Hokkaido University 61 Iwa, Manazuru 3-1-1, Minato-cho Kanagawa, 259-0202 Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan Shin-ichiro Nakaoka Japan [email protected] National Institute for [email protected] Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Hiroya Sugisaki Tsukuba, 305-8506 Yumi Okochi Research Center for Fisheries Japan Environmental Management Unit Oceanography and Marine [email protected] Japan NUS Co., Ltd. Ecosystem, National Research Nishi-Shinjuku Kimuraya Bldg. 5F Institute of Fisheries Science, 7-5-25 Nishi-Shinjuku FRA Tokyo, 160-0023 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Japan Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648 [email protected] Japan [email protected]

202 PICES-2017

Go Suzuki Naoki Tojo Kazumi Wakita Seikai National Fisheries Research Faculty of Fisheries Sciences School of Marine Science and Institute, FRA Hokkaido University Technology, Tokai University 148 Fukai-Ota 3-1-1, Minato-cho 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070451 Hakodate, 041-8611 Shizuoka, 424-8610 Japan Japan Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Koji Suzuki Kanae Tokunaga Tomowo Watanabe Faculty of Environmental Earth 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Fisheries Agency Science, Hokkaido University The University of Tokyo 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki North 10 West 5, Kita-ku Medica Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8907 Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Japan Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ayako Yamamoto Kazuaki Tadokoro Yushiro Tsukada JAMSTEC Stock Productivity Section School of Fisheries Sciences 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku Tohoku National Fisheries Hokkaido University Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001 Research Institute, FRA 3-1-1, Minato-cho Japan 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611 [email protected] Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001 Japan Japan [email protected] [email protected] Keigo Yamamoto Agriculture and Fisheries Tomohiko Tsunoda Marine Fisheries Research Motomitsu Takahashi Ocean Policy Research Institute Center, Research Institute of Fisheries Management and Sasakawa Peace Foundation Environment Oceanography Department, 1-15-16 Toranomon Minato-ku 2926-1 Tanigawa, Tanagawa, Seikai National Fisheries Tokyo, 105-8524 Misaki, Sennan Research Institute, FRA Japan Osaka, 5990311 1551-8 Taira-machi [email protected] Japan Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213 Japan [email protected] Shinji Uehara Mitsuo Yamamoto Japan Sea National Fisheries The University of Tokyo Research Institute, FRA 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Shion Takemura 1-5939-22 Suido-cho, Chuo-ku Kashiwa, 277-8564 Japan Fisheries Research and Niigata, 951-8121 Japan Education Agency Japan [email protected] 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku [email protected] Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648 Japan Shengle Yin [email protected] Hiromichi Ueno Graduate School of Frontier Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Sciences, The University of Hokkaido University Tokyo Tsutomu Tamura 3-1-1, Minato-cho 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha The Institute of Cetacean Research Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611 Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564 4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku Japan Japan Tokyo, 104-0055 [email protected] [email protected] Japan [email protected]

203 PICES-2017

Taichi Yonezawa Korea Kwang-Sik Albert Choi Japan NUS Co., Ltd. School of Marine Biomedical Nishi-Shinjuku Kimuraya Bldg. 5F Sciences, Jeju National Tokyo, 160-0023 Soeon Ahn University Japan Jeju International Marine Science 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, Jeju-do [email protected] Center, Korea Institute of Jeju, 690-756 Ocean Science and Technology Korea, R (KIOST) [email protected] Takafumi Yoshida 940-3, Haengwon-ri, Gujwa-eup NOWPAP CEARAC Jeju, 63349 5-5 Ushijima Shin-machi Korea, R Won Keun Choi Toyama, 930-0856 [email protected] 787 Haean-ro, KIOST, Rm. 3402 Japan Ansan, KS009 [email protected] Korea, R Youn-Joo An [email protected] Department of Environmental Naoki Yoshie Health Science, Konkuk Center for Marine Environmental University Seonggil Go Studies, Ehime University 120 Neungdong-roGwangjin-gu 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 2-5 Bunkyo-cho Seoul, 05029 Jeju, KS003 Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 Korea, R Korea, R Japan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Jeong-In Chang Jung-Ho Hyun Aleksandr Zavolokin Marine policy Research Department of Marine Sciences North Pacific Fisheries Department, Korea Maritime and Convergent Technology, Commission Institute Hanyang University 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku 26 Haeyang-ro 301 beon-gil, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu Tokyo, 1088477 Yeongdo-gu Ansan, 15588 Japan Busan, 606-080 Korea, R [email protected] Korea, R [email protected] [email protected] Chan Joo Jang Kenya Giphil Cho Ocean Circulation and Climate Mathematics Research Center, Korea Pusan National University Institute of Ocean Science and Daniel Muange Mbithi 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Technology (KIOST) State Department of Environment Geumjeong-gu 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu and Natural Resources Busan, 46241 Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627 Kenya Meteorological Department Korea, R Korea, R P.O. Box 19021 [email protected] [email protected] Nairobi, Nairobi 00501/254 Kenya [email protected] You Na Cho Kwang-Young Jeong 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon Ocean Research Division Geoje, 53201 Korea Hydrographic and Korea, R Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) [email protected] 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu Busan, 49111 Korea, R [email protected]

204 PICES-2017

Se-Jong Ju Jung-Hoon Kang Miran Kim Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources South Sea Environment Research Survey and Research Research Division, Center, Korea Institute of National Park Research Institute Korea Institute of Ocean Science Ocean Science and Technology Korea National Park Service, and Technology (KIOST) (KIOST) Danguro 171Wonju, 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon Kangwon-do 26441 Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627 Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201 Korea, R Korea, R Korea, R [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Moojin Kim Hae Kun Jung Sukyung Kang Marine Biology Marine Bioscience Fisheries Resources Management Pukyong National University Gangneung-Wonju National Division, National Institute of 3 Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu University Fisheries Science (NIFS) Busan, 608-737 8-23, Jibyeon-gil 18beon-gil 216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Korea, R Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25457 Gijang-gun [email protected] Korea, R Busan, 46083 [email protected] Korea, R [email protected] Seung-Kyu Kim Department of Marine Science Heeseok Jung Incheon National University Physical Oceanography Division Eun Joo Kim 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu Korea Institute of Ocean Science Advanced Institutes of Incheon, 22012 and Technology (KIOST) Convergence Technology Korea, R Sa 2-dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si 145 Gwanggyo-ro [email protected] Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-744 Suwon, 16229 Korea, R Korea, R [email protected] [email protected] Soyeon Kim 28, Songdomunhwa-ro 28beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu Seung Won Jung Garam Kim Incheon, 21986 Library of Marine Samples Marine Biology Korea, R Korea Institute of Ocean Science Korea Institute of Ocean Science [email protected] and Technology (KIOST) and Technology (KIOST) 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon 787, Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu Geoje, 636-843 Ansan, 15627 Suam Kim Korea, R Korea, R Department of Marine Biology [email protected] [email protected] Pukyong National University 559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu Busan, 608-737 Sukgeun Jung Kyung-Ryul Kim Korea, R School of Marine Biomedical GIST College [email protected] Sciences, Jeju National 123 Buk-Gu Chemdanguagi-ro University Gwangju, 61005 1 Ara 1-dong, 102 Jejudaehakno Korea, R Tae Hoon Kim Jeju, 690-756 [email protected] Department of Earth and Marine Korea, R Science, Jeju National University [email protected] 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, Jeju-do Minju Kim Jeju, 63243 Korea Institute of Ocean Science Korea, R and Technology (KIOST) [email protected] 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon Geoje 53, Gyeongsangnamdo 53201 Korea, R [email protected]

205 PICES-2017

Yeseul Kim Jiyoung Lee Jung Hyun Lim Research Department Research Institute of Basic Marine Production System Korea Institute of Ocean Science Sciences, Incheon National Management, and Technology (KIOST) University Pukyong National University 2670 Iljudongro, Gujwa-eup 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu Jeju, 63349 Incheon, 22012 Busan, 48513 Korea, R Korea, R Korea, R [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Yunji Kim Joon-Soo Lee Ning Liu 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon Korea Oceanographic Data Center, NOWPAP Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201 Ocean Climate & Ecology, Northwest Pacific Action Plan Korea, R Research Division, National (NOWPAP) [email protected] Institute of Fisheries Science Regional Coord (NIFS), MOF Busan, 619-705 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Korea, R Christina Eunjin Kong Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun [email protected] Ocean Science School (OST) Busan, 46083 2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup Korea, R Jeju, Jeju-d 63349 [email protected] Joongho Moon Korea, R 87 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu [email protected] Ansan, 15627 Kyunghwan Lee Korea, R Department of Fisheries Science [email protected] MinHo Kwon National University College of 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu Ocean Science Ansan, 426-744 Jejudaechaklo Jeju 4 SungHyun Nam Korea, R Jeju, 63243 School of Earth and Environmental [email protected] Korea, R Sciences, Seoul National [email protected] University Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Chung Il Lee Seoul, 08826 Department of Marine Bioscience KyungJae Lee Korea, R Gangneung-Wonju National SNU [email protected] University KumKang APT 7 Jukhen-gil, Gangneung-si, 25457 Gunpo, Kyung-ki Do 15822 Korea, R Korea, R SuYun Noh [email protected] [email protected] Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Hyotae Lee Minji Lee Korea, R Department of Marine Biology 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon [email protected] Pukyong National University Geoje, 53201 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu Korea, R Busan, ALI|KR|KS012|PUSAN [email protected] Jaeyeon Park Korea, R Advanced Institutes of [email protected] Convergence Technology Taehee Lee 145 Gwanggyo-ro Korea Institute of Ocean Science Suwon, 16229 Jae-Hak Lee and Technology (KIOST) Korea, R Ocean Circulation and Climate 2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup [email protected] Research Center, Korea Jeju, 695-975 Institute of Ocean Science and Korea, R Technology (KIOST) [email protected] 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627 Korea, R [email protected]

206 PICES-2017

Jieun Park Wonjoon Shim Eun Young Yoon Science Education Oil and POPs Research Group Advanced Institutes of Seoul National University Korea Institute of Ocean Science Convergence Technology 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu and Technology (KIOST) 145 Gwanggyo-ro Seoul, 08826 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Jangmok-myon Suwon, 16229 Korea, R Geoje, 53201 Korea, R [email protected] Korea, R [email protected] [email protected]

June-Woo Park Joo-Eun Yoon 17, Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup Hyoung Chul Shin Incheon National University Jinju, 52834 Division of Strategy and 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu Korea, R Cooperation, Korea Polar Incheon, 119 [email protected] Research Institute (KOPRI) Korea, R 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu [email protected] Incheon, 21990 Jungsoo Park Korea, R Life Science [email protected] Hong Gil Yun Hanyang University 17, Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup Wangsipliro 222 Jinju, 52834 Seoul, 04763 Kyoungsoon Shin Korea, R Korea, R South Sea Research Institute [email protected] [email protected] Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon Tae Gyu Park Geoje, 53201 Liberia Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Korea, R Institute, National Institute of [email protected] Fisheries Science (NIFS) Jonathan Darsaw Younwoon-ri 361, Sanyang-eup Liberian United for the Protection Tongyeong, 53085 Sook Shin of Marshland Korea, R Life Science 2nd floor Caesar Building Carey & [email protected] Sahmyook University Johnson streets, Monr 2nd Science Building 409-1, Monrovia, Montserrado 1000-10 Sahmyook Univ., 815, Hwaran Liberia Okhee Seo Seoul, 01795 [email protected] Ocean Circulation and Climate Korea, R Research Center, Korea [email protected] Institute of Ocean Science and Bangalee K Keita Technology (KIOST) Liberian United for the Protection 87 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu Young Kyoung Song of Marshland Ansan, 15627 Jangmok 1gil 2nd Floor Caesar Building, Carey Korea, R Geoje, 53201 & Johnson streets, Mon [email protected] Korea, R Montserrado, Monrovia 1000-10 [email protected] Liberia [email protected] Seongbong Seo Korea Institute of Ocean Science Sinjae Yoo and Technology (KIOST) Jeju International Marine Science 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu Center for Research & Education Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627 Korea Institute of Ocean Science Korea, R and Technology (KIOST) [email protected] 2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup Jeju, Jeju-do 695-975 Korea, R

207 PICES-2017

México Pakistan Oleg G. Borzykh National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS Oleg Zaitsev Bashir Ahmed Palchevskogo St., 17 Oceanology Aimal Enterprises Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray Interdisciplinary Center on Marine R-10 City Cottage R-10 Block 4A 690041 Sciences, National Polytechnic Gulshan-E-IQBAL Russia Institute Karachi, SINDH 75300 [email protected] Avenida Instituto Politecnico Pakistan Nacional, s/n, Playa Palo [email protected] La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096 Alexey V. Bulanov México V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological [email protected] Institute (POI), FEB RAS Russia 43 Baltiyskaya St. Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041 Nigeria Andrey G. Andreev Russia V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological [email protected] Institute (POI), FEB RAS Amadi Ogechi Chidiebere 43 Baltiyskaya St., Vladivostok, Pices and Fishery Primorsky Kray 690041 Salim S. Dautov University Of Abuja Russia National Scientific Center of 126B Ndola Crescent Wuse [email protected] Marine Biology FEB RAS, 5 Abuja FEFU Federal Capital Territory, Magnitogorskaya 13 kv 48 Abuja 0000 Anna A. Artemeva Vladivostok, 690068 Nigeria Fisheries Oceanography Russia [email protected] Laboratory, Pacific Research [email protected] Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center) Solomon Nwafor Nwokoma 4 Shevchenko Alley Tatiana Dautova Pices and Fishery Vladivostok, 690091 National Scientific Centre of University Of Abuja Russia Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 126 Ndola crescent wuse [email protected] FEFU 5 Abuja FCT 17 Palchevskogo St. Federal Capital Territory, Vladivostok, 690041 Abuja 0000 Nadezhda L. Aseeva Russia Nigeria Fisheries Resources of the Far [email protected] [email protected] Eastern Seas, Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center) Oleg Dudarev Michael Adedotun Oke 4 Shevchenko Alley V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological International Development Vladivostok, 690091 Institute (POI), FEB RAS Michael Adedotun Oke Foundation Russia 43 Baltiyskaya St. Plot 232 Kaida Rd., Old Kutunku [email protected] Vladivostok, 690041 Gwagwalada Russia Federal Capital Territory, [email protected] Abuja +234 Tatyana A. Belan Nigeria Department of Oceanography and Alexander A. Dulenin [email protected] Marine Ecology, Far Eastern Regional Hyrdometeorological Sovetskaya Gavan laboratory Research Institute (FERHRI) Khabarovsk branch of TINRO- 24 Fontannaya St., Vladivostok, Center Primorsky Kray 690091 13a Amursky Blrd. Russia Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Krai [email protected] 682800 Russia [email protected]

208 PICES-2017

Elena P. Dulepova Polina Kameneva Anton V. Klimov Laboratory of Hydrobiology A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Department of Anadromous and Pacific Scientific Research Marine Biology, FEB RAS Freshwater Bioresources Fisheries Center (TINRO- National Scientific Center for Kamchatka Research Institute of Center) Marine Biology Fisheries and Oceanography 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskogo St. (KamchatNIRO) Primorsky Kray 690950 Vladivostok, 690041 18 Naberezhnaya St. Russia Russia Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, [email protected] [email protected] Kamchatka 683000 Russia [email protected] Vladimir V. Evdokimov Dmitry D. Kaplunenko Agency of Fisheries Department of Common Pacific Scientific Research Oceanography Anna Klimova Fisheries Center (TINRO- V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Kamchatka State Technical Center) Institute (POI), FEB RAS University (KamchatGTU) 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 43 Baltiyskaya St. Vladivostok, Klyuchevskaya 35 Primorsky Kray 690091 Primorsky Kray 690041 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Russia 683003 [email protected] [email protected] Russia [email protected]

Pavel A. Fayman Oleg Katugin Department of Engineering Pacific Scientific Research Nikolai Kozlovskii Oceanology and Ecological Fisheries Center (TINRO- Pacific Geographical Institute, Designing Far Eastern Regional Center) FEB RAS Hydrometeorological Research 4 Shevchenko Alley 7 Radio St. Institute (FERHRI) Vladivostok, 690091 Vladivostok, 690041 24 Fontannaya St. Russia Russia Vladivostok, 690600 [email protected] [email protected] Russia [email protected] Alexey A. Khoruzhiy Polina K. Kozub Pacific Scientific Research University of Earth Sciences Vladimir Goryachev Fisheries Center (TINRO- Saint Petersburg State University Laboratory of Nuclear Oceanology Center) Korablestroiteley St. 20/3 V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, Saint Petersburg, 199226 Institute (POI), FEB RAS Primorsky Kray 690090 Russia 43 Baltiyskaya St.Vladivostok, Russia [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690041 [email protected] Russia [email protected] Andrey S. Krovnin Kirill Kivva Laboratory of Climatic Bases of Climatic Bases of Biological Bioproductivity Pavel S. Gushcherov Productivity Laboratory Russian Federal Research Institute Laboratory of Marine Mammals Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography Pacific Scientific Research of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) Fisheries Center (TINRO- (VNIRO) 17 V. Krasnoselskaya St. Center) 17 V. Krasnoselskaya St. Moscow, 107140 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, Moscow, 107140 Russia Primorsky Kray 690091 Russia [email protected] Russia [email protected] [email protected]

209 PICES-2017

Tatyana N. Krupnova Vyacheslav B. Lobanov Galina I. Mishukova Pacific Scientific Research V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological RAS Fisheries Center (TINRO- Institute (POI), FEB RAS V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Center) 43 Baltiyskaya St. Institute (POI), FEB RAS 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 43 Baltiyskaya St. Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041 POI DVO RAS Primorsky Kray 690950 Russia Vladivostok, Russia [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690041 [email protected] Russia [email protected] Sergey Loboda Vladimir V. Kulik Pacific Research Institute of Regional Data Center Fisheries and Oceanography Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan Pacific Scientific Research (TINRO-Center) Department of Informatics Fisheries Center (TINRO- 4 Shevchenko Alley Institute of Radioengineering and Center) Vladivostok, 690091 Electronics, RAS 4 Shevchenko Alley Russia 1 Vvedensky Sq. Vladivostok, [email protected] Fryazino, 141190 Primorsky Kray 690091 Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected] Oleg V. Losev Engineering School Far Eastern Federal University Georgiy S. Moiseenko Viktor I. Kuzin (FEFU) Satellite Monitoring Laboratory Mathematical Modeling of the 8 Sukhanova St. Russian Federal Research Institute Atmosphere and Ocean Physics Vladivostok, of Fisheries and Oceanography Siberian Division of the Russian Primorsky Kray 690091 (VNIRO) Academy of Sciences Russia 17 V. Krasnoselskaya St. 6 Lavrentieva Ave. [email protected] Moscow, 107140 Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected] Olga N. Lukyanova Laboratory of Fisheries Oceanography Tatiana V. Morozova Ekaterina V. Lepskaya Pacific Scientific Research National Scientific Center of Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries Center (TINRO- Marine Biology, FEB RAS Fisheries and Oceanography Center) 17 Palchevskogo St. (KamchatNIRO) 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 18 Naberezhnaya St. Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Primorsky Kray 690950 Russia 683000 Russia [email protected] Russia [email protected] [email protected] Alexander V. Moshchenko Vasiliy F. Mishukov Far Eastern Regional Tatyana S. Lishavskaya V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Hyrdometeorological Research Oceanography and Marine Ecology Institute (POI), FEB RAS Institute (FERHRI) Far Eastern Regional 43 Baltiyskaya St. 24 Fontannaya St. Hyrdometeorological Research Vladivostok, Vladivostok, 690090 Institute (FERHRI) Primorsky Kray 690041 Russia 24 Fontannaya St. Vladivostok, Russia [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690091 [email protected] Russia [email protected]

210 PICES-2017

Vadim V. Navrotsky Konstantin Osipov Sergey S. Ponomarev General Oceanology Pacific Scientific Research Pacific Research institute of V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Fisheries Center Fisheries and Oceanography Institute (POI), FEB RAS (TINRO-Center) (TINRO-Center) 43 Baltiyskaya St. 4 Shevchenko Alley 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, Vladivostok, 690091 Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041 Russia Primorsky Kray 690091 Russia [email protected] Russia [email protected] [email protected]

Alexander G. Ostrovskii Aleksandr A. Nikitin P.P. Shirshov Institute of Sergey Prants Cosmic Methods of Ocean Oceanology Department of the Ocean and Reasearch Laboratory 36 Nakhimovski Prospect Atmosphere Physics Pacific Research Institute of Moscow, 117997 V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological Fisheries and Oceanography Russia Institute (POI), FEB RAS (TINRO-Center) [email protected] 43 Baltiyskaya St. 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia Primorsky Kray 690950 Galina Yu. Pavlova [email protected] Russia V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological [email protected] Institute (POI), FEB RAS 43 Baltiyskaya St. Svetlana Pugach Vladivostok, V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological Roman Novikov Primorsky Kray 690041 Institute (POI), FEB RAS Kamchatka Research Institute of Russia 43 Baltiyskaya St. Fisheries and Oceanography [email protected] Vladivostok, 690041 (KamchatNIRO) Russia 18 Naberezhnaya St. [email protected] Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Peter A. Permyakov 683000 POI FEB RAS Russia 43 Baltiyskaya St. Konstantin A. Rogachev [email protected] Vladivostok, 690041 Ocean Physics Department Russia V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological [email protected] Institute (POI), FEB RAS Olga Novikova 43 Baltiyskaya St. Kamchatka Research Institute of Vladivostok, Fisheries and Oceanography Irina Pipko Primorsky Kray 690041 (KamchatNIRO) 43 Baltiyskaya St. Russia 18 Naberezhnaya St. Vladivostok, 690041 [email protected] Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Kamchatka 683000 [email protected] Russia Eugene V. Samko [email protected] Cosmic Methods of Ocean Maria N Pisareva Reasearch Laboratory Polar Oceanography Group Pacific Scientific Research Tatiana Yu. Orlova IO RAS Fisheries Center Laboratory of Marine microbiota 36 Nakhimovski Prospect (TINRO-Center) National Scientific Center of Moscow, 117997 4 Shevchenko Alley Marine Biology, FEB RAS Russia Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskogo St. [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690950 Vladivostok, Russia Primorsky Kray 690041 [email protected] Russia [email protected]

211 PICES-2017

Tatiana Semenova Elena A. Shtraikhert Dmitry V. Stepanov International Cooperation V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Department Institute (POI), FEB RAS Institute (POI), FEB RAS Pacific Scientific Research 43 Baltiyskaya St. 43 Baltiyskaya St. Fisheries Center Vladivostok, Vladivostok, (TINRO-Center) Primorsky Kray 690041 Primorsky Kray 690041 4 Shevchenko Alley Russia Russia Vladivostok, [email protected] [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690091 Russia [email protected] Vladimir M. Shulkin Julia Stochkute Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB Oceanology and RAS Hydrometeorology Amrtatjuti V. Sereda 7 Radio St. Far Eastern Federal University V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Vladivostok, (FEFU) Institute (POI), FEB RAS Primorsky Kray 690041 8 Sukhanova St. 43 Baltiyskaya St. Russia Vladivostok, Vladivostok, 690041 [email protected] Primorsky kray 692090 Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected] Mikhail Simokon Pacific Scientific Research Igor I. Shevchenko Fisheries Center Artyom Tadzhibaev Department of Information (TINRO-Center) Department of Ecology Technology 4 Shevchenko Alley Institution Pacific Scientific Research Vladivostok, 13, Dobrovolsky St., Apt. 97 Fisheries Center Primorsky Kray 690091 Vladivostok, 690092 (TINRO-Center) Russia Russia 4 Shevchenko Alley [email protected] [email protected] Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950 Russia Anastasia A. Srtobykina Pavel Ya. Tishchenko [email protected] General Oceanology Head, Hydrochemistry Laboratory V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological V.I. Ilíchev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS Institute (POI), FEB RAS Gennady A. Shevtsov 43 Baltiyskaya St. 43 Baltiyskaya St. Pacific Research Institute of Vladivostok, Vladivostok, Fisheries and Oceanography Primorsky Kray 690041 Primorsky Kray 690041 (TINRO-Center) Russia Russia 4 Shevchenko Alley [email protected] [email protected] Vladivostok, 690090 Russia [email protected] Mikhail A. Stepanenko Olga O. Trusenkova Pacific Scientific Research Laboratory of Physical Fisheries Center Oceanography Natalia Shlyk (TINRO-Center) V.I. Il’ichev Pacific V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological 4 Shevchenko Alley Oceanological Institute (POI), Institute (POI), FEB RAS Vladivostok, FEB RAS 43 Baltiyskaya St. Primorsky Kray 690091 43 Baltiyskaya St. Vladivostok, 690041 Russia Vladivostok, Russia [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690041 [email protected] Russia [email protected]

212 PICES-2017

Irina L. Tsypysheva Peter M. Zhadan Yury I. Zuenko Pacific Scientific Research V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Fisheries Oceanography Fisheries Center Institute (POI), FEB RAS Pacific Scientific Research (TINRO-Center) 43 Baltiyskaya St. Fisheries Center 4 Shevchenko Alley Vladivostok, 690041 (TINRO-Center) Vladivostok, Russia 4 Shevchenko Alley Primorsky kray 690090 [email protected] Vladivostok, 690091 Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected] Lev A. Zhivotovsky Institute of General Genetics Vladimir N. Tuponogov The Russian Research Institute Mikhail Zuev Laboratory of Far Eastern Seas of Fisheries and Oceanography Pacific Research Institute of resources Pacific Scientific (VNIRO) Fisheries and Oceanography Research Fisheries Center Gubkin St.3 (TINRO-Center) (TINRO-Center) Moscow, 119991 4 Shevchenko Alley 4 Shevchenko Alley Russia Vladivostok, Vladivostok, [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690090 Primorsky Kray 690950 Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected] Kristina Zhukova Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography Elena I. Ustinova (VNIRO) U.S.A. Laboratory of Fisheries 17 V. Krasnoselskaya St. Oceanography Pacific Scientific Moscow, 107140 Research Fisheries Center Russia Farooq Azam (TINRO-Center) [email protected] Marine Biology 4 Shevchenko Alley Scripps Institution of Vladivostok, Oceanography, UCSD Primorsky Kray 690091 Olga Zikunova La Jolla, CA 92093 Russia Department of Ichthyology U.S.A. [email protected] Kamchatka Research Institute of [email protected] Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO) Anna Vazhova 18 Naberezhnaya St. Matthew Baker Pacific Scientific Research Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, North Pacific Research Board Fisheries Center Kamchatka 683000 (NPRB) (TINRO-Center) Russia 1007 West Third Ave., Suite 100 4 Shevchenko Alley [email protected] Anchorage, AK 99501 Vladivostok, U.S.A. Primorsky Kray 690091 [email protected] Russia Sergey F. Zolotukhin [email protected] Khabarovsk Branch of TINRO- Center Jack A. Barth 13-A Amursky Blvd. College of Earth, Ocean, and Igor A. Zhabin Khabarovsk, 680028 Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS) Oceanology Russia Oregon State University V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological [email protected] 104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg. Institute (POI), FEB RAS Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 43 Baltiyskaya St. U.S.A. Vladivostok, [email protected] Primorsky Kray 690041 Russia [email protected]

213 PICES-2017

Steven J. Bograd Lisa B. Eisner Anne B. Hollowed Environmental Research Division TSMRI/Auke Bay Laboratories Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA NMFS SWFSC Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA 99 Pacific St., Suite 255A NMFS, NOAA 7600 Sand Point Way NE Monterey, CA 93940 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98115-6349 U.S.A. Seattle, WA 98115 U.S.A. [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected]

Nicholas A. Bond Mary Hunsicker Joint Institute for the Study of Ron Felthoven Northwest Fisheries Science Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) Alaska Fisheries Science Center Center (NWFSC), NMFS, University of Washington NOAA Fisheries NOAA Box 354925 7600 Sand Point Way NE Hatfield Marine Science Center Seattle, WA 98195-4925 Seattle, WA 98115-6349 2032 S. OSU Dr. U.S.A. U.S.A. Newport, OR 97365 [email protected] [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected]

Annalisa Bracco Zhixuan Feng Program Ocean Science & Department of Biology M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Department of Ecology, Evolution Georgia Institute of Technology Institution and Marine Biology 311 Ferst Dr. 266 Woods Hole Rd, UC Santa Barbara Atlanta, GA 30332-0340 Redfield 244, MS #33 Santa Barbara, CA 93106 U.S.A. Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S.A. [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected]

William P. Cochlan Michael Jacox Romberg Tiburon Center for Jeanette C. Gann Institute of Marine Science Environmental Studies Ecosystem Monitoring and University of California Santa San Francisco State University Assessment Alaska Fisheries Cruz/NOAA SWFSC 3152 Paradise Dr. Science 99 Pacific St. Tiburon, CA 94920-1205 Center, NMFS, Ste. 255A U.S.A. 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd. Monterey, CA 93940 [email protected] Juneau, AK 99801 U.S.A. U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Keith R. Criddle Juneau Center for Fisheries and Stephen Kasperski Ocean Science Elliott Lee Hazen Alaska Fisheries Science Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Environmental Research Division National Marine Fisheries Service 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd. Southwest Fisheries Science 7600 Sand Point Way NE Juneau, AK 99801 Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA Seattle, WA 98115 U.S.A. 99 Pacific St., Suite 255A U.S.A. [email protected] Pacific Grove, CA 93950 [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] Emanuele Di Lorenzo Giovanni Liguori Program in Ocean Science & Department of Earth and Engineering Thomas E. Helser Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Resource Ecology and Fisheries Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr. Management 311 Ferst Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332 NOAA Fisheries Atlanta, GA 30332-0340 U.S.A. 7600 Sand Point Way, NE U.S.A. [email protected] Seattle, WA 98103 [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected]

214 PICES-2017

Hui Liu Robert Suryan Mark L. Wells TAMU Galveston Marine Biology Department of Fisheries and School of Marine Sciences Texas A&M University at Wildlife University of Maine Galveston Oregon State University 5741 Libby Hall P.O. Box 1675 Auke Bay Laboratories, Orono, ME 04469 Galveston, TX 77553 Ted Stevens Marine Research Inst U.S.A. U.S.A. Juneau, AK 99801 [email protected] [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] Stephani G. Zador Barbara Muhling Resource Ecology and Ecosystem UCSC Cody Szuwalski Management, Alaska Fisheries 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr. Bren School Science Center, NMFS, NOAA San Diego, 92037 University of California, Santa 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4 U.S.A. Barbara Seattle, WA 98115 [email protected] Bren Hall U.S.A. Santa Barbara, CA 93101 [email protected] U.S.A. Uta Passow [email protected] Marine Science Institute University of California United Kingdom UC Santa Barbara James T. Thorson Santa Barbara, CA CA 93106 Fisheries Resource and Monitoring U.S.A. Division, Northwest Fisheries Aikaterini Giamalaki [email protected] Science Center, National Marine University of Southampton Fisheries National Oceanography Centre Service, NOAA University of Southampton, Misty Peacock 2725 Montlake Blvd. E Waterfront Campus Salish Sea Research Center Seattle, WA 98112 European Southampton, Northwest Indian College U.S.A. SO14 3ZH 2522 Kwina Rd. [email protected] United Kingdom Bellingham, WA 98226 [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] Desiree Tommasi University of California Santa Andrew Garwood Hirst Cruz/NOAA SWFSC School of Biological and Ryan R. Rykaczewski 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr. Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary Department of Biological Sciences La Jolla, CA 92037 University of London University of South Carolina U.S.A. Mile End Rd. 715 Sumter St., [email protected] London, E1 4NS Earth & Water Sciences United Kingdom Columbia, SC 29208 [email protected] U.S.A. Vera L. Trainer [email protected] Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA Peter John Kershaw 2725 Montlake Blvd. E GESAMP Michael P. Seki Seattle, WA 98112 Kachia House, The St. Hapton NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries U.S.A. Norwich, Norfolk NR15 1AD Science Center [email protected] United Kingdom Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center [email protected] 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176 Honolulu, HI 96818 Kyle S. Van Houtan U.S.A. Conservation and Science [email protected] Monterey Bay Aquarium 886 Cannery Row Pacific Grove, CA 93940 U.S.A. [email protected]

215 PICES-2017

Observers from Organizations/Programs

AOOS GESAMP IOC Alaska Ocean Observing System Joint Group of Experts on the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Scientific Aspects of Marine Commission Lisa B. Eisner Environmental Protection TSMRI/Auke Bay Laboratories Vladimir Ryabinin Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Peter John Kershaw IOC OF UNESCO NMFS, NOAA GESAMP 7 Place de Fontenoy 7600 Sand Point Way NE Kachia House, The St. Hapton Paris Seattle, WA 98115 Norwich, Norfolk NR15 1AD France 75007 U.S.A. United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] IODE International Oceanographic APN ICES Data and Information Exchange Asia-Pacific Network for Global International Council for the Change Research Exploration of the Sea Yutaka Michida The University of Tokyo Konstantin A. Lutaenko Cornelius Hammer Kashiwanoha 5-1-5 NSCMB FEB RAS and APN International Council for the Kashiwa 2778564 Dept. of International Cooperation Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Japan Palchevsky Street 17 HC Andersen Blvd 44-46 [email protected] Vladivostok Copenhagen, 1553 Russia 690041 Denmark [email protected] [email protected] ISC International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in CLIVAR IMBER the North Pacific Ocean Climate and Ocean - Variability, Climate and Ocean - Variability, Predictability and Change project Predictability and Change project Gerard Thomas DiNardo Fisheries Resources Division Annalisa Bracco Lisa Maddison NOAA Southwest Fisheries Program Ocean Science & IMBER Science Center Engineering Institute of Marine Research 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive Georgia Institute of Technology Bergen La Jolla, CA 92037 311 Ferst Dr. Norway 5008 U.S.A. Atlanta, GA 30332-0340 [email protected] [email protected] U.S.A. [email protected] Cisco Werner Chi-Lu Sun NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Institute of Oceanography Service National Taiwan University ESSAS Southwest Fisheries Science 1 section 4 Roosevelt Rd. Ecosystem Studies of Subarctic Center, NMFS, NOAA Taipei and Arctic Seas 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr. Chinese-Taipei La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Sei-Ichi Saitoh U.S.A. Arctic Research Center [email protected] Hokkaido University N21W11 Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan [email protected]

216 PICES-2017

IWC NPAFC SAHFOS International Whaling North Pacific Anadromous Fish Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Commission Commission Ocean Science

Tsutomu Tamura Vladimir I. Radchenko Willie Wilson The Institute of Cetacean Research North Pacific Anadromous Fish Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for 4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku Commission Ocean Science Tokyo, 104-0055 502-889 West Pender St. The Laboratory, Japan Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2 Citadel Hill, The Hoe [email protected] Canada Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB [email protected] United Kingdom [email protected] NEAR-GOOS North East Asian Regional GOOS NPFC Sonia D. Batten (Global Ocean Observing System) North Pacific Fisheries Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Commission Ocean Science Vyacheslav B. Lobanov 4737 Vista View Cres. V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Alexander Zavolokin Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8 Institute (POI), FEB RAS North Pacific Fisheries Canada 43 Baltiyskaya St. Commission [email protected] Vladivostok, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku Primorsky Kray 690041 Tokyo, 1088477 Russia Japan [email protected] [email protected] SCCOOS Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System

NOWPAP NPRB Clarissa Ruth Anderson Northwest Pacific Action Plan North Pacific Research Board Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of Lev Neretin Matthew Baker Oceanography NOWPAP / United Nations North Pacific Research Board 9500 Gilman Dr. Environment Programme (NPRB) La Jolla, California 92093 Northwest Pacific Action Plan 1007 West Third Ave., Suite 100 La Jolla, CA 95073 (NOWPAP) Anchorage, AK 99501 U.S.A. Regional Coordinating Unit, U.S.A. [email protected] Toyama [email protected] 5-5 Ushijimashin-machi, Tower 111-6F Toyama Japan 930-0856 [email protected]

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PICES

Chul Park Robin Brown Susan Hannah PICES Chairman Executive Secretary Administrative Support Department Oceanography PICES Secretariat PICES Secretariat Chungnam National University P.O. Box 6000 P.O. Box 6000 99 Daehangro, Yuseong-gu Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Daejeon Canada Canada 305-764 R Korea [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Alexander Bychkov Minho Kang Laura Richards Special Projects Coordinator Intern PICES Past-Chairman PICES Secretariat PICES Secretariat PICES Secretariat c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 6000 P.O. Box 6000 P.O. Box 6000 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2 Canada Canada Canada [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Rosalie Rutka Carmel Lowe Harold (Hal) Batchelder Administrative Assistant Finance and Administration Deputy Executive Secretary PICES Secretariat Committee Chairman PICES Secretariat P.O. Box 6000 Fisheries and Oceans Canada P.O. Box 6000 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Pacific Biological Station Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Canada 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Canada [email protected] Nanaimo, BC [email protected] Canada V9T 6N7 [email protected] Julia Yazvenko Christina Chiu Database and Web Administrator Hiroaki Saito Deputy Executive Secretary on PICES Secretariat Science Board Chairman Administration P.O. Box 6000 Atmosphere and Ocean Research PICES Secretariat Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Institute P.O. Box 6000 Canada The University of Tokyo Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 [email protected] 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Canada Kashiwa, Chiba [email protected] Japan 277-8564 (81-4) 7136-6360 [email protected]

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