I I I I KOO-WEE-RUP and LANG LANG 1 I a com arative stud of two rural I I service towns I I I I I I I I
.. I. tow-nsend r. berry __ I ' l r. cullen-~ 1980 1· IHi~f~i~lil~i~ill~ . . I. M0002703 i- lo~ at ' .fVllNISTRY FO PL~ I . ANO ENVIRONMENT LIBRARY I I JI I .:· ·1 :·~. I I . I I . I·· I 11 I ·1. I ·,1 ·,J 1,· . ... ~ " ' I DEPAR_TMENT OF PLANNING- LIBRARY t2 0 JAN 1982 . 7 4 18 I . - .~_INJSTRY FOR PLANNING AND ENVtRONMENT LIBRARY I KOO-WEE-RUP AND LANG LANG I An evaluation of the differences between; and the I future roles of these two rural towns~ I I I I I I \. I I
I Prepared for the Westernport Regional Planning l\.uthori ty by R.od Cullen, Lester iownsend and Rick Berry. Depart ment of Town and Ragional Planning: University of I Melbourne. Jt1ly 1980. I I 711.4309 3396904 - 9452 KOO:C Koo-wee-rup and Lang I Lang: an evaluation of the differences between; and the future roles of the.se two rural towns I . prepcir~_9_!o~~------I
_ _J_'·.I I TA.BLE OF CONTENTS
I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.t Brief 1.2 Objectives I 1.3. Functions of Commercial Centres. 1.4 Method of Study I 1·5 S~ructure of Report 2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF LANG LAND AND KOO-WEE-RUP 2.1 General Description and Background of Study Area. I 2.2 Transportation 2.3 Overview of the Study Towns 2 .• 31 Hinterlands 2.32 ·oefinitions I 2.4 Koo-Wee-Rup Town Centre 2.5 Lrung Lang Town Centre 2.6 Surveys - Methods & Justifications~ I 2.7 Issues Raised In; .and Conclusions from the Surveys. 2. 71 Retailirig 2.72 Transportation I 2.73 Entertainment, Social ~ctivity and Community focus. 2.0 Characteristics of the Population 2.81 Ethnicity I 2.82 Occupation 3.0 FUNCTION - FUTURE & PRESENT 3.1 Retail Functions I 3.11 Improved Ordering Techniques 3.12 ]~avelling Stores 3 .13 A.ddi ti anal S hops I 3.2 Social Functions 3.3 Community Focus 3.31 The Significance of Community Focus. I 3.32 Policy Considerations 3.4 Information Exchange 3.5 ERtertainment I 3.51 Information on Organizing Functions ~.52 Information on Demand 3.6 Welfare Services I 3.7 Summary 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 4.1 Structure of Recommendations 4.2 Recommendations 'I 4.3 Conclusions APPENDICIES 1-3 Survey Questions I 4 Rail Timetables 5-7 Survey Data
I · BIBLIOGRA1PHY I I .1 I LIST OF FIG.URES I Follows
I LOCATION OF KOO-WEE.-RUP AND LANG. 1. 5 I - LEVELS OF RELATIVE F0NCTION/HIERARCHY. 2. TRANSPORT~NETWORK EXISTING AND SUGGESTED 1.5 I 3. CATCHMENT OF KOO-WEE-RUP HIGH SCHOOL. 2.3
I 4. RETAIL HINTERLANDS OF LANG LANG & KOO-WEE-RUP 2.3
I 5. LANG LANG SURVEY: SHOPPING LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES. 2.5
I 6i. KOO-IJEE-RUP SURVEY: SHOPPING LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES. 2.5 I 7. COMBINED STUDY TOWNS:SHOPPING LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES. 2.5
,. I s. 'MAJOR PHYSIOGRAiPHIC FEATURES & DIVISIONS. 2.5 I 9. EXISTING ZONING IN KOO-WEE-RUP TOWN CENTRE. 2. 6. I 10. EXISTING LAND USE IN KOO-WEE-RUP COMMERCIAL CENTRE. 2.6 11. CATEGORIES OF SHOPS IN KOO-WEE-RUP. 2.6 I 12. EXISTING ZONING IN LANG. LANG. 2.7
I 13. EXISTING LAND USE IN' LANG LANG. 2.7
ii! 14. CATEGORIES OF SHOPS IN LANG LANG 2.7
I 15. AGE - S.EX PYRAMIDS. 2.1l I I I I I I I I LIST OF APPENOICIES I 1 • SAMPLE OF STUDENTS SURVEY. I I 2. SAMPLE OF SHOP KEEPERS SURVEY. I 3. SAMPLE OF IN-CENTRE SURVEY.
I 4. VICTORIAN RAILWAYS TIMETABLE.
I 5. DATA FROM IN CENTRE SURVEY. ·I· 6. RELEVANT RESULTS FROM .SURVEY OF FIFTH AND SIXTH I YEAR PUPILS AT KOO-WEE-RUP HIGH SCHOOL. .1 7. SELECTED DATA FROM SHOP KEEPERS SURVEY. I I I I I I I ·I
,. . I -.. . I I 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report concerns itself with the townships of Koo-Wee Rup. and Lang jLang1 situated in the Western Port Region. lihe I towns are Of r pb~ulation 1,129 and 629 and are located some 72 and 80 Kms frbm Melbourne respectively. 1 I 1.1 BRIEF This study was conducted for the Western Port Regional Pla:inning Authority by Rick Berr.y, Rod Cullefl and Lester Townsend, fourth year students in the Department of Town I and Region Planning at the University of Melbourne. The brief was to evaluate the differences between, and the future roles of the commercial centres in Lang Lang and I ~±der Koo-Wee~Rup, bearing in mind the nature of the towns which is that of rural service centres and local community I foci. 1.2 OBJECTIVES I 'Town Planning generally concerns itself wi'th the physical aspects of environment, transport~,networks, land uses and the like, and much Town Planning is concerned with with I the task of achieving an ordered, equitable and efficient layout or distribution of land uses. Such an ordering is attempted by the means of Town Planning Controls, however these methods are most suited to altering the physical form I of development and are in the madn permissive or regula~6ry and do not involve the responsible Authority in actual I development. In the course of the study of Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang it was soon realized that the type~of problems confronting the townships were not amenable to solution by Town Planning I Controls; studies of populat1on trends indicated little future growth. The commercial centres were well established and no new commercial development is expected. While there I existed some problems with the physical infrastructure of the centres (see recommendations relating to transport and Landscaping) this study aimed to examine and hopefully make I recommendations to over come problems a:ssociated with the more socia~l aspects of the commercial centres.
I 1.3 FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL CENTRES The functions of a commercial centre were identified to fall I into two main groups - 1. Retaiil functions; I 2. Socia1l functions - including - - Community focus. Information Exchange. I - Entertainment, and - Wel~are provision.
The thrust of this study was aimed at assessing the perfor~ance I of Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang not only in physical terms, the usual domain of Town Planning, but also in terms of the I adequacy of the centres in terms of Retail and Social functions. I I 1.4 METHOD OF STUDY I To achieve the aims of this study it was considered necessary ta understand the role of Koo-Wee-R.up and Lang Lang in the region,; this involved study of the physical land uses of the centres themselves, along with I the transport network and interviews with loc~l shoppers on their shopping habits. I The irnterview with the shoppers also included an open ended question relating :to the socia:l aspects of the I centre and the attitude of the shoppers towards the centre~ Finally to gain the opinions of a wider cross-section of the communit~ i~ particular the young, we interviewed studer.its at the Koo-Wee-Rup High School. The Gncent(~ I survey had suggested that facilities for young people were inadequate and the survey of school students I supported this. 1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT I The results of this study are two-fold: firstly data that should be of general use in understanding the role and function of the township and secondly a series of I recommendations that aim to improve the level of service provided by the towns in both physical and social areas. ·1 The report is structured into three sections, the first section dealing with the place of Koo-W~e-Rup and·Lang Lang in the region and the physical and population characteristics of these towns. The second section deals I with the performance of Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang in terms.of social functions. The conclusions and policy I recommendations are brought together in the final section. I I I I I I I I I MEL BOURNE METROPOLIS STATE CENTRE
DANDENONG -REGIONAL CENTRE
SHI RE OF CRANBOURNE ·~··. .:% ·. col ~~....
L 1-- .. Piikenham • Nar Nar Goon Upoeri. • North CRANBOURNE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRE Maryk"noll TyllOllg •North I LIp BA Y OF SHIRE SUB REGION / 0 DISTRICT CENTRE I KOO-WEE-RUP LOCAL SERVICE CENT RE I• WITH SOME DISTRICT FUNCTIONS. I • liarnhar l:i River Pt Palmer LANG-LANG LOCAL SE RVICE CENTRE ,.- ~--... ''
BAYLES HAMLET MINOR SHOF(S CENTRES OF SIMILAR FU NCTION I SIZE 0 WESTERNPORT REG IONA L PLANNING AUTHORITY BOUNDARY
FIGURE 1 - LOCATION OF KOO-WEE-RUP AND LANG LANG LEVELS OF RELATIVE FUNCTION f HIERARCHY ,r- .. :1 11 I I I I I ·''I I I I I I ''· '• ' ,v ~,_ I ':i' ·•· , .. , I
f i" I I' 1i l• ), ,,'J I I ,,..-•'-"''~"'--" ~~- I I
. I FREEWAYS ( 1 PROPOSED LATROBE VALLEY ""'I FREEWAY I RAILWAYS ' rl L I P BA y I DANOENONG. - ~ I REG IONAL CENTRE -TRANSPORT FOCUS AND MAJOR C.B.O. LINK I Palm~,,, r KOO-WEE-RUP ANO LANG LAN G ~ LOCAL SERVICE CENTRES~POOR I . MT lo E.ll/NU rClH ".~ 'S' TRANSPORT TO REGI ON AL CENTRE ANO C. B. O. RECOMMENDED DIRECT PRIMARY k/J BUS SERVICES I RECOMMEND ED SECONDARY BUS I SERVICES KM CAPE PATERSON l .o 1-0 20 FIGURE 2 TRANSPORT NETWORK: I EXISTING ANO SUGGESTED f""· i\/,,,.r , .• I ® Ar,.·h Hrw-k • · ''~,,,~~ ,·" I I I I I 1· ··I· _...,· . -1).· I I I· ".. . I I I •• I I I I I II i I FIGURE 2 I, . Ii .. - ~ . ·,.-.-· i '. : ~ " ··... ~ . : .. ~ . IiI ----"=-~ . I. I 2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF LANG LANG AND KOO-WEE-RUP I 2.1i GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA I Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are two rural towns in the ~outh West of Shire of Cranbourne (see figure 1). Koo-Wee-Rup is locateci just off the South Gippsland Highway some 45 miles from Melbourne and Lang Lang is a further 5 miles I South West. The axea is covered by the Cranbourne Shire Planning I Scheme (Westernport) 1974, which has been prepared in consultation with the objectives of the Western Port Region Planning Authority. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural. General uses are vegetable I growing, market gardening, potato growing, poultry, pig farming and less intensive uses of grazing and dairying. The Lang Lang hinterland can be generally described as a. I dairying zone and Koo-Wee-Rup as a market gardening area: figure s 1;2 an d 9 show th is comp a r is on , as the di f f e r n t 1 o t sizes reflect the intensive market gardening uses and the I less intensive dairying. Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are two of the larger centres I in the study area, the rest being mainly rural hamlets. The most significant physiographic feature affecting the region is the Eastern Highlands which drain into the I Western Port Sunkland. The Koo-lJee-Rup Plain and Lang Lang Lowlands are part of this Sunkland. The area has an indef ined drainage pattern whic~ led to the development of I Swamps, the reclamation of which has significantly effected th~ development and growth and in fact future potential expansion of these two towns. Many of the problems faced in the area presently can be linked to clearing vegetation; I and the building of drainage channels which has significantly altered the natural drainage patterns. I The reclamation of the swamps began in 1876 and was progressively added to and modified extensively up until 1960. In 1970 major flooding still occurred and more I modi f icatiorn were made. The sys tern included f load .---1 protection for the town of Koo-Wee-Rup however flood pron~i~ is a m~jor reason cited by Pla~ning Authdrities in limiting I the growth of this town. Both Lang Lang and Koo-lJee-Rup are located on the main rail link to the South West of ~he State a~d both towns appeared I to have followed the establishment of this transport link. For example Koo-lJee-Rup town site (31 acres) was reserved in 18ff9, but in 1887 some 500 men were working already on the railway. In historical order then, we have firstly the I agricultural settlers coming in about 1867, the swamp reclamation from 1881!, the railway from 1886 and the town site in 1889. Presently Koo-lJee-Rup has only a water supply I from the main drain system which is inadequate for use with sewerage. A scheme is underway to replace this water supply with a better cleaner product. Lang Lang has underground I water supplies and a local sewerage system. I I I Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are both rural service centres I serving an agricultural area which has 73% of the population live outside the towns and about 40% of population in agricultural pursuits. Many of the activities and services provided in the· study towns are I linked to supply and support facilities to the major empf9yment sector. I 2.2 TRANSPORTATION Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are both served by the Victoria I Rail system. However the time tabling is inadequate for commuting to Melbourne. Three trains are scheduled to a~rive and depart each day and the length of time required I to reach either Oandenong or Melbourne plus the infrequency of the service are major limitations to using this form of transport (see apendix 4 for timetable details). I ]here is a bus service from Oandenong to Wonthaggi twice daily which by-passes Koo-Wee-Rup and stops in Lang Lang, however the policy of the Victorian Railways limits this I bus to dropping pass~ngers in the morning (no pick up0 and pick ups in the evening (no put downs). This service is · therefore totally inadequate and the general access3bility I and transport problem, particularly for old people and under age/or non drivers), is .t00 be dependent (unle·ss driven by others) on the local services, comm~rcial facilities, employment, and entertainment within the towns. In all the I surveys conducted as part of this study, transportation was I mentioned many times, and in many different orientations. Figure 2 suggests the improvement of bus services would enhance opportunities for social, employment and commercial I activities in the nearby regional centre of Dandenong and possibly Melbourne~ Cranbourne, Frankston and Pakenham, also could "be made for more access@ble by a direct regular I bus system. I 2.3 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY TOWNS Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are rural service centres which provide a small to medium range of goods arad services. The I size and range of these are quite different and the hinter lands are such that Lang Lang appears to be a sub centre in many respects of Koo-Wee-Rup whose hinterland serves a wide community which overlaps the Shire boundaries (see figure 4). I Lang Lang has less retail and community facilities but still has a secondary catchment for low order goods extendirag along I the Bass Highway towards Corinella. Both towns are sub regional to Dandenong and with ~he increased mobility of some parts of the population, many shoppers tend I to bypass larger centres like Cranbourne and journey to the regional centre. I I I j I Ll .. ,f."" fr Mu.lleham STUDENT TOTA LS 16 O'Shanmu•. • SMITH Hill 9 0 ._ rA 8 • SAMPLE BASED ON FIFTH AND 7 0 SIXTH FORM PUPILS 32 SIXTH YEAR 6 I 65 FIFTH YEAR BA Y 97 TOT AL IN SAMPLE 5 571 TOTAL STUDENTS • I 17 °/o ( BIASED) l, 0 I 3 I 0 ~ &rr1har ls P111lm~r ------.. I~ I . "A f.'.ElllNt.TOlt 2 • 1 • CATCHMENT BOUNDARY I I KM I o.._===-1o-=::::::i2 o FIGURE 3 CATCH MENT AREA OF KOO-WEE-RU P HIGH SCHOO L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1· r,., I \( l,J.- ·' f. I ' : ,_ I . I . I ! FIGURE 3 ! - 1~ I 1· - ~ .. ---'------KOO-WEE-RUP RETAIL HINTERLAND LANG LANG RETAIL HINTERLAND --1--.--- SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL BA Y CENTRE' 1. PRIMARY CATCHMENT OF KOO-WEE-RUP I I PRIMARY CATCHMENT OF LANG LANG.\ . DAN DEN ONG --~REGIONAL CENTRE I .I 0- 20 FIGURE RETAIL HINTERLANDS OF LAN6 LANG ,..;::,: .... -~ ···1·-.. , .... . - ~ AND KOO WEE RUP .. ·- ":".:! I . I I 1· I I I I ) . I I ,< \ I K I.-~ .\ . I I •\ .\ ,I . \ I I 1. _"; .... _ I I I· I ·. FIGURE 4 11 I I ·I ·1 '\ 1.1 I Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang have both linear commercial centres, which appear to have just been added to as I needed, with homes and service industries interspersed with business uses. Koo-Yee-Rup ha~ less of this interup~ion to the shopping streetscape and is more I defined and tidier in terms of guttering and kerbing and parking with fairly continious shops. I Lang Lang appears to be more a collection of shops rather than a. shopping centre and non-commercial uses regularly interupt the shopping centre. Little has been done on landscaping and shoppers facilities or off street parking I in both towns. 2.31 Hinterlands - Figure 4 depicts the hinterlands of both I Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang. The primary hinterland for retail and service functions are the residental areas of the actual town sites. However the number of trips made I to these centres by outlying residents, for convenience goods would indicate that a far wider secondary catchment exists, and this is shown on figure 4. The hinterlands I were constructed using both in-centre surveys sf shoppers and from replies of shopkeepers as to the orgins of their I customers. 2.32 Definitions - In following sections-descriptionsof Koo Wee-Rup and Lang Lang commercial centres useeJ the following I definitions of various categories of goods. Convenience goods are those low Grjder goods purchased frequently and which are generally available everywhere I down to small rural size centres. They include Milk Bars, Fruit & Vegetables, Groceries, Hardware, Butcher and Chemists. I Comparison goods are items such as household appliances, furniture, carpets, cars and includes department type shops. Service goods are.Banks, Doctors, Dentists, Hairdressers, I Real Estate, Solicitors, Garages ( Repairs). Specialty goods are those purchased infrequently and have a I large threshold and range. They include jewellers, boutiques, furriers, antique shops. I Public purposes are Post Offices, S.E.C., Telephone Exchanges, Local Council uses and other State or Local reservations for public purposes. I The theory for Range, Threshold, location analysis and shop type definitiohs is taken from (Lean & Goodall 1970) and I (Goodall B 1974). 2.4 KOO-WEE-RUP TOWN CENTRE I Koo-Wee-R~p isolongostanding rural service town. Some of its functions extend beyond the shire boundaries. It has a large High School of 571 students drawn from a wide catchment (see I Fig. 3). It has a Hospital, Catholic & State Primary Schools, some professional services and a small number of service industries. The existing zoning is shown in Fig. 9 and the I existing land use of the commercial centres are shown in Figs. I I 10 and 1t. The figures were compiled from a survey of I the shops and shopkeepers in the town. Convenience shops 12 Comparison Shops 6 I Service Institutions 16 Specialty Shops 1 Public Pwrposes/ I Administration 3 Koo-Wee-Rup town centre also has an Infant Welfare Centre, I Senior Citizens Club, Chamber of Cnmmerce, Doctor, Dentist and Visiting Solicitor. There are well defined and organized sporting groups and many cultural activities I linked to the Secondary Srihool and religious groups. There is a theatre group, music and potato festivals and various other organizations contributing such as Apex, Lions and I Rotary. There is little entertainment outside of footy and service clubs, and almost none orientated towards teenagers. I The commercial centre is linear and interspersed with non conforming uses (see figures 10 and 11) or service I industries. Most predominant is the repair of motor vehicles. Since the town is supporting an agriculturally based employment sector, machinery sales and repairs are quite I an important industry and any future development of the town could be linked to progress in the agricultural sector. Residental development is limited until the sewerage system is upgraded and the townQ fully protected against flooding, I A1though some debate between authorities and locals exists as to whether or not this has been achieved already. I 2.5 LANG LANG TOWN CENTRE The range of goods and ser~ices in Lang Lang is much smaller I than Koo-Wee-Rup as could be expected of a town ha.lf the size of the latter: Lang Lang does serve a hinterland which extends south along the Bass Highway towards Grantville and I Corinella and therefore has an importante in respect to providing() facilities for these hamlets. Lang Lang perhaps is more suited to urban development than I Koo-Wee-Rup having an operating sewerage system and being less prone to flooding. However there is little demand to locate in this town at present. Figure 12 shows the existing I zoning and 13 and 14 the existing land use. Convenience Shops 8 Comparison Shops 4 I Service Institutions 6 Specialty Shops Public Purposes/ I Administration 1 Lang Lang has a Primary School only and few social facilities~ many resources are snored with Koo-Wee-Rup including A·pex, I Lions etc., Sporting groups and cultural activities. It does have its own Chamber of Commerce. I / O/o OF SHOPPERS INTERVIEWED 80-85 75-80 . 70-75 0 1- CONVENIENCE GOODS BAY EB 65-70 I 0 I ! I I COMPARISON GOODS I 60-65 I SCH NAPPER PT 0 Mornington I FISHERMAN PT I SERVICE GOODS 55-60 0 50-55 SPECIALTY GOODS 0 45-50 0 40-45 I 0 I 35-40 I I 0 I 30-35 K ~ 25-30 0 I oc:=:::1-+=1b==--2 o FIGURE 5 LANG LANG SU RVEY 20-25 0 0 SHOPPERS LO CATIONAL i5 =f~ 0 I PREFERENCES FOR DIFFERENT 5 -10 0 0 CATEGORIES OF GOODS 1 I . / . '. ... "" ! "\; ' "'· I ) rffl I ~1 I I l \' l I t \~~\ "'"~,~j . I FIGURE. 5.. I I . •l I 'r{''~ i l __ ~l) •MT STUONARO 3314 "'..Jo. O/o OF SHOPPERS INTERVIEWED 80-85 75- 80 70- 75 ;noK 0 I CO NV EN IENCE GOODS I L I p 8 A Y JI GOODS C OMPARISO~ 60- 65 .I 0 SERVICE GOODS I 55- 60 0 I • Ha rn har l1t Pa lm~ r SPECIALTY GOODS 50 - 55 -----~ "' 0 45- 50 0 40- 45 0 I 35- 40 0 I 30- 35 0 25 30 KM 0 I 20 25 0 0 20 10 FIGURE 6 - KOO-WEE-RUP SURVEY 15 20 0 I ' . SHOPPERS LOCATIONAL ~ 15 0 10 0 PREFERENCES FOR 1 I 5 0 DfFFERENT CATEGORIES OF GOODS I <1 • I. I I 1. I I I ...... ;) . ' I .· . . •. I I .· . . . f·.. ·.....,__'!: • I I: ' ~ t~\, \....\· .,. ~-·: . . . .. I . ,. I ". ,I I I I I FIGURE 6 ··~ I (\ I i •' ' \_,)I .~ \ ' I 1. / O/o OF .SHOPPERS INTERVIEWED 80-85 75-80 70--"-75 OK I 65-70 I CONVENIENCE GOODS E9 BA Y 0 . 60-65 I COMPARISON GOODS 0 I 55-60 I SERVICE GOODS 0 Palmer --~----.. ,,. 50-55 0 SPECIALTY GOODS 45-50 0 40-45 0 I 35-40 0 30-35 I KM 0 25-30 FIGURE 7 COMBINDED SHOPPERS 0 20-25 LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES 0 I 15-20 C) / FOR or FFERENT 10-15 0 I .( CATEGORIES OF GOODS 5-10 0 f·"- ·"''f' tit ..;,; ,; - ,,- 0 Art:h ltoclc• '?'/.., ' + r 1-5 I lil TllPTRAfl , <:1 • \ \ ~, ·JU Sl UOIWIO ~, ) '"' EASTERN HIGHLANDS GENERALIZED DRAINAGE PATTERN llhll WESTERNPORT SUNK LANDS I y /ILI jJ BA SUB UNITS OF THE SUNK LANDS 2J I \ \ \ \ KOO-WEE-RUP PLAIN \ \ ' \ I \ \ \ \ \ \, \ \ I Palmt!r --~-~ h KOO-WEE-RUP LANG LANG Puhm Hock " I I I I KM 0 1Q 20 FIGURE 8 MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES I ~~~~~~~-- AND DIVISIONS ·:. I ® ... :1tP!R.&. I' . I I\ I I I I I I I I I I I I i " I I I I I I I ' ' . ' I FIGURE 8 " . \I 1· I The commercial centre is interupted greatly by non-business uses such as houses and vacant grazing properties. The I linear layout and untidy landscape of the streets and roadB verges, gives the impression of a run dawn centre in comparison with Koo-Wee-Rup which {although lacking land scaping also), has far greater percieved mobility and I continuity with the shopping area. The Railway Station at Lang Lang is located at one end of the commercial centre, and is apart from the shops. In Koo-Wee-Rup the station is I around the central area of the town and this contributes to a more unified business/transport efficiency. I 2.6 SURVEYS - METHODS AND JUSTIFICATIONS Three surveys were conducted in the study towns and a I number of extended interviews were also achieved with local business people, shoppers and school staff. I ,- The first survey interviewed local shopkeepers in the two towns, Appendix 2 is a sample~of the information I gathered. The s u r v e y was used to co 11 a t e the ·s i z~Dr an g e .1 and th re sh old .of business~operating;Jralso included comments by shopkeepers ·and numbers of off street parking. The responses also I identified the interdependance of the two centres with Koo W~e-Rup providing many services for Lang Lang, inclwding Tab, Chemist, Licensed Grocer and a wider range of goods I generally. This survey also brought to life deficiencies in the retail structures of the towns, including the lack of competition and inadequate range of goods and reinforced I the idea1rthat people regularly if possible shopped in other centres such as Dandenong and Pakenham. The survey also identified the attitudes of shopkeepers to competition from groups such as Safeways etc. The role of the shops as I social communication instruments also was noted. In general this survey provided basic existing conditions information and attitude responses ta the other roles of I towns beyond pure commercial. An in-centre survey of shoppers was also conducted during a Saturday morning trading period. Appendix 3 is a copy of I _the questions asked and appendix5,a summary of responses. We were able to construct hinterlands from these and also Figures 5, 6 and 7 which depict the locations that people I buy certain types of goods at. It also provided information of frequency of visits to the various centres, (6urposes of visi band, reinfo.rced the necessity for owning a- car if any I further extension of shopping trips were to be made beyond the towns to other centres such as the regional complex at Dandenong. Shoppers were also asked to suggest what other services and facilities the centres should provide apart I from shopping. A survey was also conducted among fifth and six year pupils I at Koo-Wee-Rup High School. This was to capture some idea of what these people required in a town. We felt that since many may settle in the towns eventually, then their I expectations and desires for the future were a vital contribution to our own recommendations. Koo-Wee-Rup and I I IN KOO-WE- G.F.B I PUBLIC OPEN SPACE i--t S: I E E : lJ?~BLIC PURPOSES ------SfALE-- M1 = \~6>00 :@ METRES 500 400 300 200 100 O 200 400 600 800 i SERVICE COMM. ZONE rzJ - -1-- 1 1 io ~ Es10ENTIAL USES ~ I ~ILWAY I PUBLIC USES I I C@MMERCIAL USES I ( S\NIMM\\.-16 FOOL) VACANT I 35 °/o OR APPROX our SS-[EX VACANT] GENERA -u EA I NON - CIAL ~ COMM_ZONES. M USES IN I CHURCHES 0 50 100 0 I -EXISTING LANO USE lN KOO-WE E-RUP COMMERCIAL, ZONES I \ - i I I ·I . I I I I ~ . ·! I ~ "'•!!!> • I I I I I I· I I I 7 ~-· FrGURE 10 F/C~ · I ·,~.f-:· I I I - , ~ /~/· / ~0 '\ 2P SCHOOL_ /' 3801 J. t1 \ 11 P/ 3 fl- ~ 7306 PUBLIC -1 BUILDING I ~ILWAY I VACANT LAND I DISTRICT COMMERCIA L 8 ZONE I COC..Hf':Al15- P'AJ~.K. M SERVICE COMMERCIAL I (_ SWIMM\\..J 6 f"'OOL) ZONE / I 0 50 100 OTH ER~ I RESI DENTIAL I I FIGURE 11 - CATEGORIES OF CHU RCHES p. 0 IN KOO WEE RUP /., I I I I I ...... I I ' ;.: I I I I I .' ~· ,. . / I .,._ ., ~ . ~- ~ ·. . . . .· ~ . . ~ I I ...... ,:..- ~/'~ . . ,.. ) I I 4------FIGURE 11 I '. ( ,.. I I I Lang Lang. The ~right lights' of the metropolis and regional centres attracted the imagination of many I responses. This is to be expected as most are approaching a decision on whether to leave home or not 1 and~~emp16yment 1 in the next 5 years. The attractions I of bigger cities are many, yet a proportion will not be able to leave the region and many will return later after training or whatever. The future of the towns I as seen in the opinions of these students is therefore a responsible and important consideration for future recommendations. Appendix 1 is a sample of this survey I questionaire. I 2.7 ISSUES RAISED IN; ANO CONCLUSIONS FROM; THE SURVEYS 231 Retailing - Appendix No. 5 and figures 6 and 7 give the locational preferences for various categories of goods. I In Koo-Wee-Rup some 80% of people interviewed come in primarily for convenience shopping and 60% for services. This is to be expected given the nature of the shops in I the town. 'Comparison shoppers went to Dandenong (60%) and 'specialty' shoppers preferred Dandenong and Melbourne, 51% and 30% respectively. This tend~ncy was reinforced in Lang Lang, although many travellea to Koo-W~e-Rup for I its services. Lang Lang has less convenience shops but a far larger Supermarket, yet fails to pull grocery shoppers from Koo-Wee-Rup. Possibly the far greater range of goods I and services overcomes what locals describe as a poor Supermarket (in comparison to Lang Lang). I The biggest noticffible result is the apparent bypassing of Cranbourne as a centre for any types of goods. Possibly if we conducted a survey there we may find Koo-Wee-Rup and L~ng Lang people shopping, but on the figures we compiled I shoppers prefer to go to Dandenong and Melbourne for comparison and specialty goods. Once in their cars, the extra distance is worthwhile. Frankston also did not I attract much interest. The local centres are quite strong and,if we can extrapolate~an energy crisis may re-open the potential of Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang as comparison centres I as people tend to demand less travelling for a comparable amount of goods. Presently however, the survey reinforces the heirachy as shown in figure 1c)and any increase in local shopping potential would have to be achieved by other I processes. The main form of transport to Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang is I the motor car and in our survey we found several people coming into the centres from up to 10 miles out to buy newspapers. The 'hidden' reasons were probably to socialize or just to get away from farms etc. There are many unobtain I able responses when people are asked for their purpose for the visit and multipurpose trips often go unrecorded. However t~ responses were quite accurate. It is Worth noting I that 53 interviews were conducted in Koo-Wee-Rup and 21 in Lang Lang. The minor statistics are therefore highly inf lated due to low numbers, and the authors recognize the limits of I this data. The validity is found in that we claim only to have observed and reported major or outstanding trends and the percentages listed are done so as a necessity to comp~re I some values. Appendix 5 sets out the full figures. · l\I I The items purchased on the day of interview plus frequency of visits to the towns{both had 75% at 2-3 times per week I or more) adds further weight to the convenience and service nature of the facilities. The social interaction and community life stems from this meeting of people. {Further I comments on these social aspects are covermd in p:art 3 of this report). I More diversity of shopping types was mentioned on the In~ Centre Survey on six ~cassions for Koo-1.Jee-Rup and specifically a better Supermarket. The conflict between viability of existings shops a?\d new competition is also a point noted in I section 3. The ~ther major problem with the town centre in Koo-1.J:ee.-Rup is the lack of parking both on amd off-street, I with 13 people bringing it to mind. This appears to be accentuated 8n Fridays and Saturday mornings during the peak shopping hours. -The rest of the wee:k there is sufficient spaces. There are some off-street I the Supermarket yet spats in ~oo-1.J~e-Rup,for example 7 behind shoppers seem reluctant to park there, perhaps enjoying the 'on street' social communication with others {also I convenience). In Lang Lang/,-~~=")the condition of the town centre and the I main street produced the highest single response. Nine people thought that landscaping was needed and generally t~~ying up of the footpaths etc, to improve the physical a~pearance of the shopping centre. Five people specifically I noted the camber of the road and the broken edges as bad enough to cause damage to cars {especially near gutters). From the student survey 21 people mentioned that they thought I shopping was a prime function at a town and 32 thought Koo l.Jee-Ru~ lacked good shopping facilities. There is a variance with the In-Centre Survey ahd this could be due to the lack I of shops that teenagers see as desirable {and which are missing in both these towns). The I n~~ntre Survey did however point c;rt, the need to go elsewhere for many types of goods {especially comparison), so overall the range of I shops beyond convenience is poor for both sections of the community in terms of comparison - luxury goods. The Shop Keepers m~in problems concerned viability of there small I establishments. Many,like Hairdressers for example,were run only on a part time basis or on demand. The new Super market in Lang Lang did produce some comment from both Bwtchers and Fruiterers who were concerned of the long term I effect on their shops. Parking also was noted by the Shop Keepers as a problem on some days of the week. I 2.72 Transportation - The issue of public transport facilities was raised in many orientations. In regard to shopping, employment and entertainment. The In Centre Survey showed I 13 and 8 responses from Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang respectively. Access to better and bigger centres was needed. The inadequate train service did not provide any viable link to either Dandenong or Cranbourne. Older people with less I mobility, non drivers and young people are especially crimTFecf _jin this aspect. I I I I The amount of shoppers who bypass Cranbourne and continue to Oandenong ma:y reflect the trend, that once a car journey I is started, it is far better to go a little further to a bigger centre than stop ~t Cranbourne. A direct Lang Lang, Koo-Wee-Rup bus service could help increase the mobility and I shopping potential of non-drivers by giving better access to Cranbourne. Employment opportunities again are restricted by the poor train service ta Oandenong and the metropolitan centre. The need to live away from Koo-Wee-RtJJP. and Lang I Lang to work a:t the regional and sub regional centres was a noted problem especially from non-drivers and those in training such as apprentices~ Entertainment iB relation to I lack of transport was mentioned in the students survey as being a barrier to the tbright lights• of the city and Oandeno~g. Overall the lack of a public transport link does I create problems in the areas mentioned. A conflict could arise in that, if a better direct bus system was run to the regional centre, the viability of the local centres may suffer, the answer probably lies in the fact that most I people would continue to 'convenience' and •service' shop locally and if the centres had a transport system, the depots being in the towns themselves 1 could induce more trade I into the local commercial areas enroute to and from the other centres. I 2.73 Entertainment, Social Activities & Community Focus - Enter ta·inment and social activities are mentioned in the surveys as lacking in the towns. There is however a high degree of I service, sporting and social organisations and much of the comments were directed towards items such as cinemas, dances, etc. The In Centre Survey specified entertainment for young I people as also an important issue. Entertainment then was separated from the organized functions of local groups. There is a great deal of social, sporting and cultural I activity centered on Koo-lJee-Rup, Higlil Schaal. The School Hall is used for drama grow.ps, A.rts and Crafts, Weddings and Receptions, Adult classes in Pottery, and other social I events. The School also has a high level of organized sport with man~ Football, Netball, Soccer and Hockey teams in inter social and local competitions. There is also an annual music I festival and a potato festival. Entertainment therefore is different things to different people. The students survey revealed 58 responses that the town lacked any form of entertainment, yet on further detailed analysis, the actual I requirements were disco's, skating rinks, cinemas, skate boards, bowls, drive.ins, and pop concerts. Most of these act~vities are not viable in small rural towns yet they of~ I 'qV9_1_!0'\:5le2 in regional centres like Oandenong and so improved transport or access could open up opportunities to these facilities for local teenagers. Sporting facilities such as squash courts and sauna's were also lacking according to the I surveys. All surveys noted the need for the towns to fulfill a I community centre function, and coffee sh~gs or.other meeting places were required. This community focus aspect and the ability of the towns to be percieved as a ceritral point for I the surrounding area is a vital function of a rural centre; not ornuy as a social purpose but as an information exchange I both formally and informally. ~ I The students survey showed the,J- 46 believed they would ""have I to live outside the towns for employment purposes and a futher 35 living away to achieve education and trainin,~. By - comparison some 43 would like_ to get,leventualiXJJ,ernployment in the region and another 25 in Melbourne. Thus while most I see the town lacking in emp~~yment prospects many indicated they would like to work within commutable distance of their I homes. · In summary the surveys produced the major ~ssues of transport, shopping requirements, entertainment and social activities. -I Many other minor problems are listed in appendicies 5 and 6. The interdependance of these issues is of primary importance in any community but especially in rural locations with a degree of isolation. The conflicts arise between cost, I viability, accessability and implementation and in Koo-Wee Rup and Lang Lang resolving these conflicts is the essential I problem. I I I I I I I I I I I I I J G.F.B . I '·,I , .• ,•,•,•,t I I I '• •' •' ••• ', I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I t I I 1,• ,•.•.•,•, I 11111'1 '1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 ::•' ••I ,•I ·:•• Lang Lang Lang Lang Racecourse I i! I I 12 I I _[ I. / PUB I ~ ~i0 I NOUSTRY •• ~~ • /~ I _I .J I COMM. ZONE [ZJ D GENERALL AREA RESIDENTIAL RAILWAY STATION '\.~~~f'l~.~PUBLIC USES a . ~~-\olif~~;M~~AN T 8 I 40°/o OR 19· OUT OF 4 [EX VACANT] NON COMMER! USES IN ZONE ING LANO USE M IN LA LANG· 0 50 CO MME CIAL AREA 4 _ _ __ ,..,.,,r I I I I I I I I /• I I ' ,,;/ I "'>: ·.. I,,?( - < • ?: ( (' ;.. -~ . ' <"•(: I I I I I FIGURE. 13 I I , '-\...... : .>.~~:- ·.:·~ ::-·:..·.;~;;. "'~~ I I SERVICE L. . p I GOODS " J 77..988 UBLIC PURPO VACANT LAND RAILWAY STATION , .. ANT . ILOlNGS- ~ . USESD I ESIOENTIAL ~ I L. p ~.3 7.5 JEGORIES OF ·1 LANG LAN M I 0 50 100 1· -.. __ ,_,....,r L I I \ i. ·.,. ' •. I I I •, j ... ) ...... I I if I ,;:-- '" ~ ..-. !/ ~ I 'i -...... ,, .. , I. ,, ,.. .• ' ,..· I 1/'. .. ' • '"- .. \ I I I I I FIGURE 1L. I I I I I 2.8 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION This Shire of Cranbourne, has made available both up~to date population numbers and projections for the townships. I In 1979 (30th June) the population of the townships were - Lang_ Lang 629 persons I Koo-Wee-Rup 1,129 persons These figures were arrived at by the Shire by updating I census data by the number of new dwellings, assuming each new dwelling generates 3.4 persons. I The Shire has predicted likely future increases as:- 1980 1982 1984 1986 I Lang Lang ~ 1,150 1,190 1,230 1,270 Koo-Wee-Rup· 650 670 710 770 I These predictions are based on a constant arithmetic growt~ of 20 persons per year for Koo-Wee-Rup and 10 persons per I year for Lang Lang. An examination of the Age - SEX structures of the townships indicated that such predictions maty be in error.- Both Lang Lang and Koo-Wee-Rup show a high percentage of 10-19 yearL I old. It is expected that many of these children when older may leave home for education or work purposes and this could lead to a decline in population in the towns in the next 10 I years. The Age - Sex structures also show a. high percentage of 40-49 year olds particularly in Koo-Wee~Rup. This corresponds to the high percentage of children and the cause I of these anomilies is reasoned to be due to an influx of young couples into new subdivision in the early 1960 1 s. I 2.81 Ethnicity - An examination of the 1976 Census Data reveals that 210 of 1,041 persons in Koo-Wee-R~p were born overseas aind 75 ©f 571 persons in Lang Lang were born overseas. These I are percentages of 20.1% and 12.0% respe~tively. In the case of Koo-Wee-Rup the major ethnic grou~ is Italian (roughly 50%) with people from the Netherlands and "U.K. I and Ei~e" each making up ro~ghly 25%. In Lang Lang people from U.K. and Eire make up about 60% of I the overseas born population and the remainder come from a variety of European countries with no dominant groups. The ethnicity of the population also depends on the birth I place of the parents of the Australian born population. I The following tables summarize this data. I I I I. I en 2 w ci:: 1-1 w a:: I w a. I- z a:: 0 2 Cl c::C 1-1 a:: ::I w 1-1 w :::> 0 I- _J w U. ci:: a:: ci:: ~ I- I w a:: a:: a:: en _J . ::i::: I- • w w ci:: I- en ~ ::c ::i::: I- I- 0 ::> • I- I- 0 0 I E c:x:: ::> a 0 2 I- FATHER I AUSTRALIAN 414 6 419 I U.K. & EIRE 38 14 2 54 OTHER EUROPEAN 15 6 21 I OTHER COUNTRIES 2· 2 NOT STATED I TOTAL 468 20 6 2 496 I TABLE 2.s1 BIRTH PLACE OF PARENTS OF AUSTRALIA.N BORN POPULATION: LA.NG LA,NG. I en 2 w c:( 1-1 w a:: w a. I- I 2 a:: a 2 0 c::C 1-1 a:: ::> w 1-1 w ::> 0 I- _J w u c:.c a:: ct ~ I- w a:: a:: a:: en _J I :t: I- • w w ci:: I- en ~ ::i::: :t: I- I- 0 ::> • I- I- 0 0 E c:( ::> 0 Cl 2 I- I FATHER I AUSTRALIA.N 602 13 12 1 628 U.K. & EIRE 30 17 47 I OTHER EUROPEAN 25 99 124 OTHER COUNTRIES 13 13 I NOT STATED 19 19 ! I TOTAL 570 30 111 1 19 831 TABLE Z.82 BIRTH PLACE OF PARENTS OF AUSTRALIAN BORN I POPULATION: KOO-W.EE-RUP. I I I -----·---- I The ethnicity of the population is also reflected in the I use of the English language. I LA,NG LANG KOO-WEE-Rt:JP 0 /o lo English only 674 70.5 485 34.0 I English a1nd 1 other language 210 22.0 18 3.5 English and 2 other languages 4 0.4 3 0.5 I No English 30 3 .1 2 O'. 4 Not stated 38 ·4·~·0. 8 1.6 I Total population over 5 years 100.0 I TABLE 2.83 ~SE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE I It is nGted that there are 30 people in Koo-Wee-Rup with no use of the English langu~ges. It is expected that for ·1 many of the 210 people English would be their second language and they may not have complete fluency. I 2.82 Occupation - The major activity of the populatLon of the towns are· summarized in Table 2.14. I MAJOR A.CTIVITY LANG LA.NG KOO-WEE-RUP I Child not at S~hool 56 9.9% 95' 0. 2% Child at School 122 21.4% 161 15. 2% Usua:lly workif}g 203 35.6% 467 44. 8%. I Full time Student 25 4.5% 52 5.0% Not working 142 24.8% 218 20.9% I Not Stated 22 3.8% ··59 5. 7% I Total 5711 100.0% 1,041 100.0% I With respect of' those people not working it is nGted that I 15.0% of the population of Lang Lang (that is 86 persons) and 13.7% of the populatiom of Koo-Wee-Rup (that is 143 I persons) are receiving ~ pensien. I I I l1GURE 15 AGE-SEX STRUCTURES. . 1 I I I I I I . _I..,__..___ I I I I i . I -~ ~ ~ . .·Ir . I I I ··1 ...... _ .. I :l! I I I I l I ~r~ 1. I '°~'-' : 1-....- 1 ,. I ~!'ft ' i • I --,j I .• 1 :'3:;11 : 1 '·••• 1 , I I . I ~~at I I i l . I . ii. -- I ·,I s:; I - I- ·1 : -1 ' j · -1---...: 1 - r- r· ,. 4o~ · 1 -- - - 1- : , . I ----.- -,,- .. , , ~:~ , I 1- 1 i , • -- • - -. • ;~ I -- : I . .. I • ( ' I + I t 1 . ,... - : ---1--- 1 vsT: l ·1-1 .. , 1 _: i t.... ;...... J I 0:! ·- _____ 1 ___ -1-- 1. - . .• 7 . : - 1 -- I - . . • r· ...... -- -. •! I . J l j 7.0.u I I 1' , 1 j • - . - ·- -- ; • . I V'1 . I· - I . - I ~ . I ' ; I 'II 1 i I I llj ~"I' i i : i ; ' ) ·r --1 1--- --·-, -- --, - ·--,,--, ·, Jo~... .. I :- I , .. ,.. I .! ';· I 1 "i' ... i ·1-·. ·- -- - -r--· ·I j -·1- ,,~9 · 1- '·1 1 1 , - : . i . -~1 ·_I---·- ·• ... 1--- - .. - _, . I I I . I I . I -1 -1 : .. - I . . . . ·1 ... ; , i I ! I I 1 o~ j ! ! , · ! , 1 ; •,•JI• I '' ...... I ':)17.._.li.' /Q _,9. 8. r -6_ .. $'.'___ + _ > .i-.. ~ l Z.. ~ 4f- S'" 4 1' V 9 10 I! It.,_ .. 0/o FE'MA\£5 ·o(o rvw£S I iii LAN& - LANG I· GRANe:DU~6 ~l"E SHOW~ DolTeD I 3.0 F~NCTION - FUTURE AND PRESENT I As owtlined in the iQtroduction the major thrust of this report is directed towards tRe social, recreatioRal and service roles of the commercial centres of Koo-Wee-Rup I and Lang Lang, in particular towards·policies that will reinforce and enhance the social reles of the centres. However, before discussing the so~ial roles of the centres it is necessary to consider the level of service provided I by the centres in the provision of retail goads. This is necessary as without a firm economic base as a commercial centre neither Koo-Wee-Rup nor Lang Lang commercial centre I would act to serve the secondary functions. I 3.1 RETAIL FUNCTIONS The retail function of the centres can be I assessed in terms of:- (a) Variety of goods provided. I (b) Price of goods relative to other centres. (c) Quality of customer service. I It is considered generally desirable that Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang provide as wide a variety of goods as possible, / it is recognized however that the variety of goods provided I (or the "order" of1 the centre) relates directly to the pop u 1 at ion of the '"'Ta wn s hi,p s • As out l i n e d in S ect i o·n 2 • 8 · the populations of the towns are growing only very slowly and I indeed the final population of the towns are constrained by tha areas & zones for residential purposes. T~e aim·of this report, with respect to the primary function of the centres , is thus to increase the level of service (i.e. increase I variety of goods and quality of service and keep price competitive) of the centres without requiring an increase in population in the towns or an extension in made areas. It I could be expected that normal economic market forces would ensure the maximum level of service as ~iff erent shop keepers competed for customers and as such no policy recommendations I need be made,_ however the small size of Kao-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang and the number of people dependant on the centres means that "normal economic forces" do not function in this fashion. I The population of Kao-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang are not sufficient to support competing businesses in the centres - for example each town has only one i:G.:r'o:cer and thus competition does not I :._,o, arise. This situation is particularly noticable in Lang Lang . where many people expressed disatisfaction with level of service provided by,some shops, but did not have a convenient I alternative place to shop. This lack of alternatives relates most to those people who do not have access to a motor vehicle I and are .thus dependgnt on the Koo-Wee-Rup or Lang Lang centre. I I I I The lack of market forces asking to improve the level of service of the centres means that any initiative for I improvement must be made by particular groups or individuals,.left to themselves it seems likely that Koo-Wee-Rup or Lang Lang commercial centres will continue I as they are, any improvements will only result from action from residents, shopkeepers, or local groups or agencies. I It is important therefore in making recommendations that the group(s) or agencies who would be able to implement such policies are identified. I The strategies that could be used to improve the level of service of the centres are:- I 3.11 Improved ordering techniques - The in~cgJi'~e~)surveys revealed that people were dissatisfied with the lack of willingness and slow delivery of goods that characterized I the ordering of goods that were not kept in stock. Improve ment of the ordering facilities in the centres so that goods may be ordered speedily and simply is one obvious way to I improve the level of service of the centres at little cost. The customers interviewed in general expressed a desire to shop locally, and while clearly the small population of the townships means that a wide stock range cannot be carried, I an efficient ordering service coupled with clear displays of the goods available (by catalogues or brochures) would enable people to shop locally and remove the need in many I cases for special trips out of the towns to be made. Such a policy of improving ordering techniques could be I implemented on the initiative of individual shopkeepers (if prompted by customers) or by the Chamber of Commerce of the townships perhaps on the suggestion of the Shire I Council. 3.12 Travelling Stores. Many smal~ towns (for example Kilmore) are visited on a regular basis by mne or more I travelling stores. These stores range in complexity from tray-trucks selling fruit and vegetables to refrigerated vans selling fresh fish and/or meat. Travelling stores I which visit several small towns in ~ region enable the local centre to supply a wider range of goods without the need for increasing population and as such are in general I accord with the aim of this raport. While initiatives for travelling stores would need to come from the private sector, the stores could be encouraged by I making provision for a suitable selling routes and time tables for such stores. It would be desirable lriZgeneral that where several stores visited the one township their I visits coincided so that full use of the stores could be made without having to make many trips to the centre. I I I I I Several important points would need to be considered in any I such scheme:- 1. The travelling stores did not undermine the viability of existing shops and thus result in clos~re9of shops in I the town; 2. The establishment of such stores might result in I opposition from local shopkeepers particularly if the travelling stores competed directly. 3. Some form of licencing fee should me considered to I recover costs of administration and to balance the Municipal Rate paid by shopkeepers in the townships. I 3.13 Additional Shops. The imcentive surveys revealed that Lang Lang was lacking in the pr~vision of certain services which it is felt could be provided on current population I levels, these are:- 1. A chemis~ at present prescriptions are sent to the .I pharmacy in Koo-Wee-Rup by rail. 2. A tattslotto agency: this would be provided as part of I the newsagency. 3. A retail bottle liquor licence: this would be ptovided I as part of the existing Supermarket. These services depended on initiative from the private sector and in the case of the Tattslotto Agency and the Liquor Licence approval from the appropriate body. 3.2 SOCIAL FUNCTIONS In considering the future role of Lang Lang and Koo-Wee-Rup it is important to consider the social aspects I and functions of the centres. - these f Unction can be categorized ~nder:- I 1. Community focus, 2. Information Exchange, 3. Entertainment, and I 4. Welfare services. 3.3 COMMUNITY FOCOS I P~rhaps the most common and easily observed social function of a shoppimg centre is that of commumity focus - that is,acting as a place where peopl~ meet informally I and discuss topics of mutual interest or simf21~ exchange pleasantries. Such meetings can be seen in ~st areas of the commercial centres and in particular the Newsagency in Koo I Wee-Rup and the Supermarket in Lang Lang. While such meetings are readily observed it is necessary to I consider both:- 1. The importance and/or significance of these meetings to the local people; and I 2. The policy implications of such meetings. I I 3.31 The significance of Community Focus. There is perhaps a_ danger of over estimating the importance of informal :~ I meetings of people in the community life of the towns, given the high mobility of people, ease of communication by the telephone and the more structured activities of the Church I and the Elderly Citizens Club. Webber (1970) argues that advances in technology such as I telephone, television and private transport have resulted in a decrease in the importance of physical proximity and face to face contact in the formation of community. He argues further that the notion of "community without I propinquity" is more applicable to cities and towns of today than the ideas of community focused on a commercial centre I or school. While no doubt this thesis applies to those people who maintain kinship and friendship ties over long distances and I who have ready access to motor vehicles, however as the incentive surveys showed, about one third of people inter viewed walked to the centre, and as outlined above a large I percentage of people do not have a licence to drive. 3.32 Policy coAsiderations. The policy considerations arising out of the community focus role of commercial centres I while playing a significant role in the design of new areas or neighbourhoods are limited once an area is developed. II The prime consideration in the design stage is access, in particular pedestrian access,so the broadest possible section of the community has convenient access to the centre. Access I requirements are clearly also of importance for other social functions and for the primary retail function of the store. Standards for access to commercial centres are well established I and generally are based on a five minute walking time. These standards should be bourne in mind when considering rezonings or residential development. A higher standard (i.e. a I shorter distance) would be desirable for units or flats designed for elderly people who may find it difficult to get about. · I In terms of the detailed design of the centres themselves because the-meetings are of an informal bases they do not need to be expressly catered for, however numerous people I in Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang expressed the opinion that a Coffee Shop where people could meet with friends wo~ld be a welcome addition to the town. Tlhe initiative for such a I venture would seem to rest with the private sector. 3.4 INFORMATION EXCHANGE I Commercial centres function as places of information exchange, both on a formal and informal level - that is)notices relating to local social activities I or services available to the community are displayed in various areas around the centres. I I I I On an informal level notices announcing a~tivities and everats such as dances, concerts, fetes and the like are I displayed in many shop windows. This arrangement works well and most shopkeepers expressed a ~illingness to allow notices to be placed, the Supermarkets in both I centres also contained a public notice board. It was noted that Lang Lang primary school produces a newsletter which contains much local information and news and it is I felt that the wider distribution of this newsletter would be a simple and effective way of increasing the awareness of the community of local events. The initiative for I increasing the distribution rests with the local school. Perhaps a more important function is exchange of information about Welfare Services, Community facilities, and Government I Services. The t¥pe of information needed ranges from; advice on citizens rights or information relating to farming activities to~women's refuge centres or elegibility I for welfare benefits. Much information now-g:.-days is available over the telephone and indeed the Shire publishes a directory of Community I Services giving the phone numbers of various groups and services. While such a publication is no doubt of great importance it is of only limited use to people who are I unaware of what services are available and who they should contact, it is also of limited use for those people who do not real or speak English. I On the other hand a community notice board (preferably bilingual in Koo-Wee-Rup) could privde information of the various groups and services available in the,~\area, including I what was provided and who should be contacted. Such a notice board could also supply for example information on the recent publications by the Agriculture Department, I particularly information relating farming activities in the area. The notice board could also include small displays by local clubs or societies aimed at encouraging new members I and publicizing their activities. It would seem that the simpliest way to organize such a notice board would be to locate them adjacent to the local I "book mobile" sites in the towns so that the notices could be readily updated.by the librarians during there visits to the towns. This would allow for regular updating of the notice boards and a ready flow of information from central I ized departments. I 3.5 ENTERTAINMENT Commercial centres also serve entertainment and recreational functions - these range in general terms I from Cinemas and Hotels to Squash Courts and Gymnasiums. In Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang facilities for entertainment are limited - both centres contain a Hotel, Koo-Wee-Rup also contains an amusement centre and the school hall which I is used for many social functions. I I I I 1 Interviews with the Year 5 ·1 and 1': .•~) students at the Koo .I Wee-Rup High School indicated a desire to see a wider range of recreational and entertainment facilities, these ranged from ,Squash Courts and Skating Rink to Dances and ·1 Disco's. The initiative for this type of development rests with the private sector and it is doubtful that many of the facilities desired weuld be economically viable. I Two sets of actions are possible that could increase the range of activities and facilities -available, these are:- I 1 • Th e provisionAin· · c.F. f orma t ion· on h ow t o organize· d ances, film nights etc. I 2. Provision of information on the demand for facilities. 3.51 Information on Organizing Functions. The facilities such as hall etc, exist in both towns for holding dances, I disco's or film nights. The demand also exists for such activities, it is felt that these activities could be easily organized on a regular or irregular basis by I interested individuals or groups and that this should be encouraged by the provision of information on the resources and skills availabl~ locally of\that can be hired. I '-J The initiative for such a scheme wowld rest with the Shire Council. It is recommended that the council produce a I listing of available:- : halls and venues. I : bands, groups and mobile disco's. equipment for hire (amplihers & projectors) I filmsfor hire. projectionists. organisations or groups willing to cater for functions. I : other relevant information. This information together with advice in particular instances 'I would make it easier for the local community to organize their own entertainment. I 3.52 Information on Demand. A study of the demand for various recreational facilities in the townships and others in the Shire could identify market opportunities that could I be taken up by private developers. If information was made available on the demand for particular services such as _?quash Courts and also an the experience of similar develop I ments elsewhere in the region and this information was made generally available private developers would be more easily able to identify the possibilities for establishing II recreational uses in the townships. Such a study and information would best be carried out on a regional level. I I 3.6 WELFARE SERVICES The central location and ready access of I commercial centres makes them the most sensible choice for the provision of welfare services. The probiems relating to the provision of welfare services in rural areas is I covered by the Commission of Inquiry into Poverty (Henderson 1975 Pg. 192-4). The recommendation of the Henderson report that are relevant to this study is Recommendation 7 (Pg. 196) of the section dealing with rural poverty. "(i) State Welfare Departments ensure the adequate I provision of welfare services in rural areas~ in particular by:- (i) direct provision of professional officers from their I own departments at local and regional level; (ii) assisting local government to employ welfare staff as I recommended in Chapter F; (iii) subsiding (sic) voluntary organisations; (iv) providi~g and/or subsidising the selection,· training I and supervision of volunteers; (v) providing and/or subsidising welfare training for community health nurses~ teachers and other professional I people engaged in personal contact work; and . (vi) avoiding the use of policemen as their representatives and experimenting in subsidising a range of alternatives I such as banks, post offices and lawyers"(Pg.192-4). Recommendation j (vi) would seem to be particularly relevant I to this study. I 3.7 SUMMARY A consideration of the Retail and Social functions of the centres of Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang suggest a I number of improvements could be made to the level of service of the centres without increases in population or significant expenditure. These improvements would rest on the initiative of many groups and organizations in the community and together with the recommendationsoutlined in the f if!a'.f; sectimn of this re po rt would much to quality of I life in Koo-Wee~Rup and Lang Lang. I I I I I I. .------...--..,.------I 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS I . 4.1 Structure of the Recommendations .- The recomm~ndations from the studies made of Koo-Wee-R~p'and Lang· Lang have been compiled in coSordination with State, Regional and I Local ~uthority policies and als~~~ith the expressed desires of the population of the "two towns. Also inter grated is the levei a~ which each policy can be implemented. I This we have a fouPti·ered structure for each recommendation as follows - 1. Recommendation. I 2. Authority Policy. 3. Level of implementation. I 4. Comment~~y. · Some recommendations are beyond the responsibility of the various levels of authority in that1 local initiatives by residents are the only form of implementation. This has I been noted where it occurs. This project has been completed for a Regional ~uthority and some weight must. be given to the importance of suggesting recommendations I aimed at that level. However, to ignore the State and Local initiatives is to isolate the future roles of these towns. The interdependance of all the groups in Planning I process'smust~recognizeg).~~vertical intergration of ' recommendations and policies is a vital component of the procedures .for efficiency, validity and co-ordination. I These components are the keys to implementation. 4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS I RECOMMENDATION 1 PROVIDE AN.EFFICIENT AND DIRECT BUS SERVICE FROM LANG LANG ANO KOO-WEE-~UP TO SUB-REGIONAL CRANBOURNE AND THE REGIONAL I CENTRE AT DANDENONG. SECONDARY BUS LINKS FROM KOO-WEE-RUP TO PAKENHAM AND FRANKSTON. TMESE SERVICES BEING TIMETABLED I FOR EMPLOYMENT, SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES. STATE POLICY - Enhanced accessability to services for the population. I Potential for more efficient use of fuel throu~h increased opportunities for multi-purpose trips and use of public transport. I Technical Advisory Committee Report: Section B, Chapter 9. LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - STATE - The increase of access I abili ty to services must be implemented by a State level process. The policy of Vic Rail predicts the use of public buses between the mentioned centres since a rail system operates. Some change is necessary therefore in the policy I of this instrumentality. COMMEND!RY - The conflicts with Vic Rail have already been· I noted. There may be some conflict with local shop owners who may claim that their customers are being given greater opportunities at their expense, however, most shoppers would continue to conve~ience shop locally and use local I services. The opening up of comparison and speciality services in the regional centre may in fact induce more ~ outlying residents to come to rural centres to use the I transport and thus; more trade in the local commercial areas may be fostered. I 1 ~ ~ : .- ~ ...... I RECDr~MENDATION 2 THAT FURTHER STUDIES BY PURSUED BY THE REGIONAL AUTHORITY I AND THE SHIRE TO IMPROVE THE FLOW OF INFORMATION FIRSTLY TO INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL TOWNS. SECONDLY TO EXPOSE ANY ADVERSE TRENDS DR I EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTS ON KOO-WEE-RUP AND LANG LANG CAUSED BY DEVELOPMENT IN OTHER RELEVANT LOCATIONS - BE THEY AT STATE, REGIONAL OR LOCAL LEVEL. THE STUDIE~ SHOULD I COVER THE PROBLEMS AND ISSUES RAISED ON THIS REPORT. TRANSPORTATION, ENTERTAINMENT, IMPROVED ACCESS & MOBILITY TD GOODS AND SERVICES AND COMMUNITY FOCUS. I POLICY - STATE & REGIONAL - Golr§ge Report Vol. 1 Chapter 5, 5.1t - 5.14 also 5.7. I Technical Report on Retailing 9.48 - 9.49 9.52 particularly points 3 and 4 Pa1ge 84. 'I LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - The Regionai Authority should initiate further data and information studies in this region. I COMMENTARY - The various levels of Authority have recognized the need for further information to fully understand the role and functions of rural service centres. This report is I part of the process. I RECOMMENDATION 3 THAT THE PRINCIPLES EXPRESSED UNDER ALL LEVELS OF POLICY REGARDING THE RECOGNITION OF RURAL TOWNS AS HAVING A COMMUNITY FUNCTION BEYOND RETAILING, BE ADHERED TO ANO I AND APPLIED~TO FURTHER THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN KOO-WEE-RUP LANG LANG. IMPORTANCE IS PLACED ALSO ON WELFARE SERVICE I ANO ENTERTAINMENT. POLICY - STATE & REGIONAL - The Technical Report on Retail~ ing and the Shire of Cranbourne Planning Scheme (Western Port) recognize the role the central commercial area plays I in maintaining the image of a town. They also recognize the significant community function that rural towns serve. Technical Report Chapter 3, 9. I Cranbourne Planning Scheme - Section 4. LE VE L 0 F IMP LEM ENT AT I ON - Regional a n d 1 o ca .1j \£0 mm u n i t y f o cu s I is generally seen as a local initiative however, the vertical links to both Regional and State policies gives validity and consistency for any local community program. I COMMENTARY - This report has established the roie of the rural service centre as a community focus for shopping, transport, social activities and entertainment. The overall I enhancement of the towns as a community centre is generally local~orientated yet must be carried out with respect to the guide linesJ established at higher levels, if all rural I communities are to achieve a degree of co-ordination in their aims and objectives for developments in the future. The welfare services and entertainment and sporting functions I of the towns must be located at points of maximum a~cess abili ty. The rural towns are the most sensible choice in ~his regard. Such services further the community functions I of the centres. I I RECOMMENDATION 4 ACTION AND ENCOURAGEMENT TO IMPROVE THE LEVEL OF SHOPPING I SERVICES IN LANG LANG BY PROVIDING A TATTSLOTTO AGENCY, T.A.B, CHEMIST SHOP AND RETAIL LIQUOR OUTLET. I POLICY - STATE, REGIONAL, SHIRE & LOCAL - State - provide opportunities for establishment of new businesses. "Take account of requirement of consumers. I Technical Advisory Committee Page 2-3 and also Chapter 9. Provide the opportunity for all desirable commercial activities to locate in the area and provide the required I services to the public. Shire of Cranbourne Planning Scheme Page 84. LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - Private sector/local initiatives. I The private sector is the responsible level to orignate developme~ts of this nature. I COMMENTARY - The Goll~~e Report (Page~~ Section 3.18) comments that,c._.:'if:"~tbe._, private sector initiates a proposal all should be treated alike for the common good. Th~s both I Planning Authorities and the private sector can originate development. A conflict may arise if we relate the aim of the Cranbourne Shire Plannihg Scheme - to restrict the location and number of zones so that undue competition does I Qot arise, thereby negatrng the effectiveness and level of service of each (competing centre). The establishment of these services ·in Lang Lang co1;.1ld increase the viability of I that centre without damaging unduly the close by town of Koo-Wee-Rwp. These extra shpps are convenience type establishmentsand could easily fit into the local Mierachy I without adverse effect on the nearby centre. RECOMMENDATION 5 I TO PROVIDE ENCOURAGEMENT, LEGAL SUPPORT AND PHYSICAL PROVISION (SITES, TIMETABLES) FOR TRAVELLING STORES TO VISIT BOTH KOO WEE-RUP AND LANG LANG. I POLICY - Regional (& Local Initiatives) Both regional+state policy suggests that an enhanced range of goods and services be made available. I Technical Report Page 3 and Chapter 9. Cranbourne Shire Planning Scheme - Section 4 Page 84. I LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - The Regional Authority and Local Shire Council could help encourage a system of travelling stores by providing the necessary permits~sites and other statuatory requirements. The actual business ventures would I be private sector. COMMENTARY - T~avelling stores could be an efficient addition, I particularly with speciality and comparison goods or more luxury type food :~tl:t{llg,~. Tt.le need is for the local aut~orities to establish a program that does not effect the viability of existing shops.' Control is needed for I efficiency and maximum accessability to these stores. I I I I RECOMMENDATION 6 I TO IMPROVE THE ORDERING OF GOODS NOT AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS, BY A MORE RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM THAN NOW EXISTS. I POLICY - No formal level o.f policy exists. HolJever, this recommendation could be seen as a spin-e2Dboth State an·d Regional retail policies for maintaining the viability and I competitiveness of local centres. But in practical terms the relevant policy implementation must be as below. LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - Action by residents and local I Chamber of Commerce. COMMENIARY - The improvement of ordering techniques was I particularly needed in Lang Lang. The efficient program by the residents and Chambers of C-0mmerce would have benefits for both customers and retailers. The level of I supply of go~ds by a better ordering system and faster delivery process in a important factor in retaining the competitiveness and viability of local business. I RECOMMENDATION 7 TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF CAR PARKS BOTH ON A.ND OFF STREET I IN BOTH KOO-lJEE-RUP' A,ND LANG LA NG. REGIONAL/SHIRE POLICY - Ensuring that adequate provision is made available for car parking i~ the commercial centres, I by providing off streetparking if necessary (Shire of Cranbourne Planning Scheme, Page 84-85 (e)Q· I LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - SHIRE - The Shire of Cranbourne and local Chambers of Commerce are the responsible implementation ~uthorities; and are the legal statutory I ~ontroller's~achieving this recommendation. COMMENTARY - Parking spaces are needed in both centres to over come congestion at p8rk periods at present no formal. I control is entered in these towns. Standards of parking provisions should be those of the Cranbourne Shire as it I determines - under its Planning Schenre. · RECOMMENDATION 8 TO IMPROVE ROAD CONDITIONS IN THE LANG LANG SHOPPING CENTRE, I PRINCIPALLY WESTERNPORT ROAD, AND TO BEGIN A PROGRAM OF LANDSCAPING ANO COMMUNITY FACILITIES IN THE COMMERCIAL ZONES I OF BOTH TOWNS. POLICY·- SHIRE Q(plus local initiative) - "Endeavouring in the larger centres to provide vechular and pedestrian I separation in areas of high conflict". "Provide maximum safety and comfort for the shopper or visitor to the commercial centre". I "Pr:Qvd:de communLty facilities that are clean and of an attractive desigh. I Cranbourne Planning Scheme Chapter 4. LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - Shire under Regional Planning I principles. COMMENTARY - The overall landscaping and provision of services when linked with the next recommendation (an informal meeting I ' ,.. - • ~ ( ,: .... ,.. .. - .~ . . - •'":,_ -· ~ .,. -=- !- - .• - .._ • ~ I place) will enhance greatly the community focus nature of I the towns. RECOMMENDATION 9 I PROVIDE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR RESIDENTS TO MEET IN THE TOWN CENTRE IN AN INFORMAL COFFEE SHOP OR SOME OTHER FORM OF CA~;AL PLACE. I POLICY - No formal policy exists, but under the goals and princip~ for Gommercial development in the Cranbourne Shire Planning Scheme the aim is cited. I "Provide an attractive environment for shopping or conducting business activities. Page 83-84 Cranbourne Planning Scheme and 51--53 Ashton & I Wilson Report 1974. LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - Resident and local Chamber of I Commerce. COMMENTARY - The policies above may relate to overall I landscaping and attractive environment, but the.coffee shop informal meeting place is virtually an indoor type plaza and is part of a shopping environment aspect. It could I also come under improvements to community facilities. RECOMMENDATION 10 TO PRClUIDE INFORMATION SY.STEMS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS (1) I INFORMATION EXCHANGE ON FORMAL AND INFORMAL LEVELS BY NOTICE BOARS IN THE TOWNS, (11) INFORMATION ON ORGANISATION OF FUNCTIONS INCLUDING VENUES, EQUIPMENT AND OTHER FACILITIES I AND RE·SOURCES. (III) INFORMATION ON DEMAND FOR VARIOUS SERVICES I.E. BY ASSESSING POTENTIAL IN THE TOWNS FOR VARIOUS SERVICES AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS. (IV) SOME FORMAL I NEWSLETTER SUCH AS THAT OF THE LANG LANG PRIMARY SCHOOL. THIS TYPE OF SERVICE TO BE EXPANDED. POLICY - Nontformallyexists however this recommendation can I be linked to policies regarding overall community access to facilities and services. I LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION - Efficient use of resources in a wide spread rural community is necessary to improve quality of life and effectiveness of existing services. The key I to this is information flow as recommended. I I I I I I I 4.3 CONCLUSION I This report has exposed the many functions of rural service centres beyond retaiiliing. In both Koo-Wee-Rup and Lang Lang the social, entertainment, transport and community I activities are vital components of overall viability of the towns. The objective of this study was to iRcrease accessability and level of supply to various services and I resources, given that the population would not increase substantially in thef:Jeeable future. The report identifies issues and processes relevant to I the functions of rural service centres and also notes the conflicts that occur between various objectives,. however if an intergrated local, Shire,Regional and State I policy guide-line is followed then some degree of efficiency and equity may be achieved. The principal level of implementation is Shire and Regional but the m~in level of initiative~is local and the private sector. I This highlights the concept that planning can take stock of desires of both people and enterprise in form..iJlating, · Regional policies, which are geared to reduce negative I effects. The result is to increase the potential, of improving the I quality of life for the whole region, while still respecting the requirments of local rural towns. I I I I I I I I I I I I I S TUOENTS SURVEY APPENDIX 1 I ·o AJ¥!-. 0 s~ . o t fofm. D Add(C55 . .~------. I If Jo-.J. j ,,;e_ ovbik tk to.~~ - .spcci S locof-IPn ·- ~ fufm 11"1 3u 00 (cl 9- rn 1k.f notfh I 1 l c)~ kOJ- f,(){!.t'-fvp . -1-- _-)f- rloVJ do __1!:-J _ . jCAg\ ~ -I·- -- .. -- -- ()-.?f Who~ ernpl~f~enr . ~111 ·· y;_; -~f- ;~ .l~\A~_3-S.Choot I fl-----_··-·_··,~--_·----···_-·· ·_- .--·_. ____ :_____ ······ ____...-1 - - ~ - - .. I If Wi11 yo'r:' -e>CpeF1- t-o find) f-horcc_~smJD~~X~q~t ct10'·~ , ... _ Qf\J 0/ the_ foflowl5 t° ·a~: l>CK In~ S.'tetof'VV Ct\::>•cE-j ______I:> . -·-~ri.L! .. ~- _ _ [ r>1 t-L-13 _ J JY At I ! li1/I (jov hcwe To hve_ owc'{i rYr 1-)arne... 10 'jlXI( el'rlployme111- . · M [No~ . -..-:---'j· ·V\r;il - ·y;~- -.~k --fu---~r; r~;- fe (1 Ol '.J . . .. -eJ~~ho;, ·- . - - ··- ...... ·--· __ 1n ·- & .furufe.. · C'Iss] I No\ ······- ...... ____ .. ___ -----·--. · ··I...... At' -j ]f · /e?Sj w\I) Y,ov · hove__ fo )IV~ otuv7 f;Q('I") ho me..· I .. f-o . och1ev<.. this .edvco hon. . 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'--:: .. _. __ ;..~. ------I IN CENTRE SURVEY APPENDIX \3J I i Hot.> .DID .,,-ov IRA\Jf;L To 1111~ (6.J(M:? .... ·-··· ____ ------· --·-·-· ______·--·-- 1 ·______WAU<'_ - D '1'\R CJ ____ TRAIN ----··----·----Cl·-···------·-·-··-··' I =~ ~~,c~c~ _: ~--- ~~:~---=~---~- ~- ~~_~-~,~~fr~ __ ~ _:~~~--- _-__ -~---- -~--~~~~-~:-~~- I ______STR.EE..T ...... _. _. __ , ___ ._ .. __ :_~---'-··---· ____ ...... ---···-· ___ ····-·-··· ... -----·-- ·--···-·- ·-··---·--·-·----- _ I _____ ·--- ..TOON· ...... · ~ ...·. _._.:. · __ _. __ .:_: ... - ___ . -· __ ...... ····- ___ ... __ .... ___ --· ... __ _ ··-·-··-·· .... ··-·· --· __ .. -· ··-- __ -·- ·-· . I ili W'ffftf ff> ]HE PvR'ibtE ~ "r'ovR _ Vts1T? ...... ______---· ___ ·-----~- ______. - - . . - • • .. • .. • - • --"· • . • .. . • .. ·- - .. • - • !. .. ·- • - • _... . •. .. .. •. .. . .h ·- !'•• • •• - -· -·· ·- .. _ .. - ~ .._ -· ·- ... ___ ._ •• ": =· -~-~- ~=~-~- -·· .. : ___ -- - I I .iv t-lo>o CFIEJJ iX> '(ov .-col'\£ _f1:>_..Tt11s r:£JJTRE -' _____ .. ---·--·--·-···· -----·-··--·-··- _____ ------·--·-- ______.f>/tlL,l( ____· ______CJ______FCR:rNtttffL~ __ ------· C:I______ I ______loR. s .'T/ttE:S/ l.)EEJ( o ------~ t:)FTE/V (:S.F>niF..,_,1 ____ ,__ ~---·-·-··-·-~·-· · ....:...... :._.:._=----=_:______WEE.J(L~.--··-·-- ____ . _LJ -·-·-·---·-·------····------·. ------·----··-·-·-.··-··--··-·-·-·-·-- ·--··------· I ------· ------·-···- .·------·------··------·------v. WHERE - £b _'f°O(.) - &.>~ ~ -·-- ·- - ______·_ - --·--··------·- ---· ------·--·- ----···---·--··------·--·----· -- ·-·-- __ i a:NvE/'Jt&JCE. (;e>005 (~1uaARs.jc.HEM1Sn.) ___ -:-: _____ -··-·· __ ·- ______:______-·-··--·-----·--····- 1 .. I ·-----"------· ------· ··--·-·-- --·------· --- ·- ·- ---- ... -.. -··- --· --· .- ·- ~------.. ·--· -... ---· ... ------· -·-·- ----·- -.... --·. -· ·····------· ·---~i. ··--·------·------··---··--··· --·· .... ·--·· ··-· ·-·-----····-·· - - - . ·-····-··---·-·· ··--·- -··---···--··- ·---·-- ___ J\!.. ------·---·· --··------.. -·· -· ·--··- -· ... ·-· -· ·-···· .."." ····-·- .... -----·· -· .... ·---- ······· ------···-----·--··-·· .. I xi __ \Vlt1'1 _fX> __ 1'oo -f;Htft/R ___ t.L ~/~E ___ t-1Ke._.11;s Sl:bt/4> _i?lft>::_edf>MI_E.18'.1 ___@. I ______bfh?t1#o?-. T'ibRT . ./ INFeJRNt7toN'/6/7£R/A!fi/n&Vr/£cvAr-_~l.hJ/Es / 1'118./(t#6/~. .".501Pt: . ---~·------··--··-··- .. ~Ii/£ R . ..l~_oVl1f51tl'(S I ~7) ------· ------··-- 1 I I I I {--~--;;;:.. -~ ... ,- . • ·"-'·;··.'f !Ad:>Pl~~-~JJL)(). 4 I VICTORIAN RAILWAYS TIMETABLE I Monda:i to Frida:i Leaves Lang Lang 7.14 a.m. 9.46 a.m~ 5.15 p.m. Leaves Koo-Wee-Rup 7.26 a:. m•. 9.56 a.m. 5.24 p.m. I Arrives IXlelbourne 8.98 at.m. 11".10 a.m. 6.50 p.m. I Leaves Melbourne 9.11 a.m. 3.58 p.m. 6.25 p.m. Arrives Koo-Wee-Rup 10.44 a.m. 5.27 p.m. 7.46 p.m. I Arrives. Lang Lang 10.53 a.m. 5.37 p.m. 7.55 p.m. I Saiturda:i Sunda:i I Leaves Lang Lang 7.27 a .• m. ·9. 46 a.m. 6.13 p.m. 8.06 p.m. ·Leaves Koo-Wee-Rup 7.37 a. •.'m. 9.56 a.m. 6.22 p.m. 8.16 p.m. I A'rri ves Melbourne 8.53 a.m. 11.10 a.m. 7.36 p.m. 9.40 p.m. · 12'f··· "'5·5~·..:.'p) ~ m···'"" ... \ Leaves Melbourne 9.11 a.m. '• 'c_,; v I •cr,~Uh 6.30 p.m. 6.25 p.m. I Arrives .Koo-Wee- Rup 10.44 a.m. 1.55 p.m. 7.45 p.m. 7.31 p.m. Arrives Lang Lang 10.53 a.m. 2.03 p.m. 7.56 p.m. 7.40 p.m. I BUS FROM DANDENONG TO WONTHAGGI I MONDAV-~-~ ~ Leaves' Dandenohg 10.1.0 a.m. 6.55 p.m. I Arrives Torradin 10.37 a.m. 7.22 p.m. A.rrives Lang Lang *11.00 a.m. Jf.7.45 p.m. *Drops only ~Pick um• I no pick upi no put "'""'down 5UN. I Leaves Dandenong 7.05 p.m. i: Arrives Lang Lang 7.55 p.m. I Bus does not enter Koo-Wee-Rup during any part of the week. I I I I I I 'APPENDIX 5 MAIN FORM OF TRANSPORT OF SHOPPERS. I Kcrn-gfee-Rup Lang Lang Car · 37 15 I Walk 12 6 With Friend in Car 4 I 53 21 I PURPOSE OF VISIT I Lang Lang Koo-Wee-Rwp Food 18 30t I Hardware t 1 Paper "'·'' 1i 6t T .A,,.B. n.a. 2t I Liquor n.a. 11 ' r Chemist ~.a. 2 I Carpet 11. a. Haircut 2 I Key Cut 1 Shoe Shop 1 .I Clothes 1 Work 2 Sport 1 1 I li'axa ti on 1 Ca;r Repair 1 I Stock Feed 1 I 21 53 Notes ( i) ' n.a. - no~ appliiable. (ii) where mul tip1t;Jrpose trips were given as answers I fractions were used in each category. FREQUENCY OF VISIT Lang Lang Koo-Wee-Rup I Oa:ily 9 27 2-3 Times/Week 6 13 I Weekly 4 8 Fortnightly 1 I Monthly · Less than monthly 1 5 I 21 53 I w';.,. .1 ·- - -- - ·-- --'______:__ - . -~ .. ~ ---==· -- ~ 2. I APPENDIX 5 ~ I SHOPPERS LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES KOO-WEE-RUP (53 Interviews) I Convi§bTeJice Comearison Service seecialt~ Goods Goods Goods Goods I No. ~ !i9-!. ~ ~ ~ No. ~ Koo-Wee-Rup 42 79 18 15 32 60 5 9.4 I Lang Lang 4 7~ 5 9 •. 4 1 1.8 Pa1kenham 4 7~ 2 3.7 4 7~ 3 5.6 I Buny ipj 1 1. 8 1 1.8 I Cranbourne 1 1.8 2 3.7 Narre Warren 1 1. 8 1 1.8 I Dandenong 35 66 5 9.4 27 51 Melbourne ~ 7t 4 7! 16 30 ·I Warragul 1 1. 8 11 1. 8 I Korumburra 1 1. 8 I LANG LA.NG (21 Interviews) I Koo-Wee-Rup 3 14 3 14 3 14 Lang Lang 18 85 2 9.5 3 14. I Pa ken ham 1 4.7 ~~ I Oandenong 8 38 5. 24 5 24 Leongatha 2 9.5 1 4.7 1 4.7 I \Jonthaggi 1 . 4.7 1 4.7 1 4.7 Frankston 3 14 1 4.7 2 9.5 I i!), 1 4.7 Cranbourne ~' I Melbourne 3 14 6 28.5 10 48 I I I I I APPENDIX 5 "' ~ I A,GE - SEX A.NAL YS IS Lang Lan~ Koo-Wee-Rue I Years F M F M 10 - 20 3 21 - 30 1 5 5 31 - 40 3 8 5 I 41 - 50 5 3 2 8 51 - 60 2 3 5 5 61 - 70 1 1 3 2 I 71 + 1 1 1 1 I 12 9 27 2q What do y6~ think this centre should _provide apart from shopping. I The numbers below are the amount of times a particular item was mentioned and does relate directly to _the actual survey numbers since some responses were multi answers, others not •. I Number of times mentioned Koo-Wee-~up Lang Lan__g, Town. i~ 1f,(Je1)/-Ja5 cn~'i>~ ~ 1n9s 12 3 I Better Transport 13 8 Entertainment. 12 5 Entertainment for young people 7 I Social Activitie~ 5 7 Social Activit~es for young people 2 1 Employment 1 I Employment for young people 2 Landscaping 4 9 Parking 13 3 More Shops (Diversity) 6 1 I -(Spec~fJ-E_f~ a better Supermarket) 3 -( S pe Cl'~~~':' Coles, liJoolworths) 1 Better Police 1 I Better Sewerage 1 Allotments more easy to get 1 Cannot rent eas.ily c 1 Information 5 I Longer hours for Garages 1 Town is Clicque but friendly 1 Town is Clicque 1 I Road improvements to main street n. a. 5 Freight unreliable. 1 Liquor Licence for Supermarket n. a. 3 I T.A.B. needed n.a. 2 I I I I I APPENDIX 6 RELEVANT RESULTS FROM SURVEY OF FIFTH AND SIXTH YEAR PUPILS iT I KOO-WEE-Rt.JP HIGH SCHOOL FIFTH YEAR SIXTH YEA.R TOTAL Males 27 12 I Femail.es 38 20 I Total Sa:mple 65 32 97 TRANSPORT TO SCHOOL I CAR BUS WALK CYCLE 1 50 11 2 5th Year I 1 26 5 6th Year EMPLOYMENT Undecided 15 Chirop·ractor 1 Public Relations 1 I Doctor 2 Commercial Art 1 Agricultural Work 4 Dental Norse 1 Carpentry 2 . Agriculturalist 1 Vet 1 Mechanic 1 Sound Engineer 1 ·I Nursing 10 A'.rmy / P..:i rf orce 3 Interior Designer 1 Vet Nurse 3 Hairdresser/, Draftsman 1 Real Estate 1 Beautician ~? Pharmacits 1 Computer qo· S hop Acs sis tan t 3 Sign Writer 1 I Electronics Off ice Work 2 S. E. C. 1 Policeman 1 Law. 1 Filter & Turner 1 Bookeeper 2 Social Work 1 Butcher 1 I Physical Ed. 1 Child Welfare 2 Journalism 4 Forestry 2 I EMPLOYMENT IN Laing Latng 3 Melbourne 25 Overseas 3 Cranbourne 12 Warragul 2 Drouin 1 I Dandenong 112 Pakenham 1 Traralgon 1 Frankston 4 Berwick 1 Morraibbin 1 Koo-Wee-Rup 5 Interstate 6 La1ngwarry 1 I Shepparton 1 Yes No I Li~e a~ay from home in employment 46 27 Seek Teriatory education 46 48 .Live away for education 35 20 I Koo-Wee-Rup a focus Yes No Undecided I 24 32 34 Note - ~here the figures do not add to the total sample of 97, this corresponds to a blank space left by a student on the survey I sheet. For the following questions, some students gave full multi response answers·- others simple, one or two words. On the I whole generally the replies were excellent. Due ta ths multi answers in some surveys these figures below can not be use~ to calculate actual percentages. Simply the relative level of , I numbers has been used to gain an ide& of the range or problems and the degree to which some attitudes are more important than I others. I I APPENDIX 6 FUNCTIONS OF A TOWN I Number of times mentioned Provide services for people to live and work in 36 Entertainment 27 I Shoppir.ig 21 Central point for surrounding area/community centre 16 I Employment 11 Education 12 I Growth Pole 2 Meeting People 4 I Sports facilities 9 Centre for Public Transport 9 I KOO-WEE-RUP LACKS ·Number of times mentioned Social facilities 37 I Entertainme~t c:::__~ 58 Sporting facilitie$ 34 I Better Public Transport 52 Shopping Facilities 32 I Good water supply 8 Sewerage system 3 I Community Centre 2 Gardens 2 Employment 2 I More trees 1 Massage Palours 1 I Car Wash 1 I Comments about the future of Koo~Wee-Rup are incorporated in the main report. Basically the students see the town stagnating or remaining I stable. Growth they feel is related to many of the things they thought were lacking (see above). Any future growth would require a retention of yo~ng people in local employment I with better public transport and entertainment and an improved Shopping Centre. I .I I I I I APPENDIX 7 SELECTED DATA FROM SHOP KEEPERS SURVEY Land Use in Commercial Centre I Koo-Wee-Rup Lang Lang. Tractor Sales 11 I Car Sales 3 1 Car Repairs/Service 2 Op Shop 1 I Service Stations 2 1 Real Estate Agents 1 2 Telephone Exchange 1 Post Off ice 1 1 I New Paper Printers 1 Butcher 2 2 Take A·way Food 1 I Hardware 2 1 1 I Heo ~one CSa.!> (Qn rte.. Dentist 1 1 I Electri~al appliances Hairdressers 3 2 Drapers 2 1 Shoe Shop 1 I Toy Shop 1 Fruit S.hop 2 1 Dress Shops 1 1 I supermarket 1 1 Delicatessen 1 Banks 3 2 SEC Yard/Stores 1 I Comfort Statidri/Playground 1 T.A.B. 1 Chemist 1 1 I Mixed Business (Papers,Sports Goods) 1 1 Milk Bars 1 2 I PUBLIC NOTICES ON DISPLAY Koo-Wee-Rup Lang Lang I 9 10 1 Notice Board at Mixed 1 Notice Board at I Business in Rossister Road. Supermarket. I I I I I I I I BIBLIOGRAPHY I SHIRE OF CRANBOURNE REVIEW OF THE PLANNING_REQUIREMENTS WITHIN CRANBOURNE COMMERCIAL AREA ASHTON & WILSON: TRANSPORTATION AND I URBAN PLANNERS JANUARY, 1975. I SHIRE OF CRANBOURNE SUMMARY OF PLANNING-DATA CRANBOURNE p LANr{fl\fG ·scB}:(YJJ (WES TEaj\f)3 0RT) 197 4 ASHTON & WILSON: TRANSPORTATION AND I URBAN PLANNERS 1974. TOWN ANO COUNTRY PLANNING- CONSULTANTS REPORT ON RETAIL CENTRE I BOARD POLICY - PROFESSOR R.G.- GbLLCGE. JULY 1979 VOLS. 1, 2 AND 3. ·- I TOWN ANO COUNTRY PLANNING- STATEMENTS OF PLANNING POLICY I BOARD NO'S 1, 2. MELBOURNE METROPOLITAN - REPORT OF.THE TECHNICAL ADVISORY I BOARD OF WORKS COMMITTEE ON RETAILING JUNE 1980. MICKE D.J. A BRIEF Gf:ISTORY OF· THE KOO-lJEE-RUP I DISTRICT 1939 - 1969 HENDERSON R. COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY INTO POVERTY 1975 I FIRST MAIN REPORT. VOLUME 1·. A.G.P.S. CANBERRA. I WEBBER M.M. ORDER IN DIVERSITY: COMMUNITY WITHOUT PROPINQUITY I IN H.M. PROSHANSK¥ W.H. ITTELSON AND L.G. RIVLIN (eds) ENVIRONMENT PSYCOLOGY: MAN AND HIS PHYSICAL SETTING - I HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON - NEW YORK 1970 I LEAN W. AND GOODALL B. - ASPECTS OF LAND ECONOMICS WALKER & CO. LONDON 1970. I GOODALL B. THE EC8NOMICS OF URBAN AREAS I PERMAGIN PRESS. GREAT BRITAN 1974. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I Roger Holloway Westernport Regional Planning Authority. Johr:i Eict;iler Shire ·bf Cranbourne Planning Department. I Fredrick Hooper Principal Koo-Wee-Rup High School.· I I ------ tF '11'fEY WAM"f 1t> Gi~ RID Of ff,., YiR'I VOM'T ~JUS't ~T~V lT ,~· IS THIS THE ANSWER FOR KOO-LlEE-RUP? MELBOURNE HERALD FRIDAY 1-8-80. ?;S~ b\ O~t, '\\L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I _Kg'v"d0l1 ·1N3~NOl::lt/\N3 ·aN'V I DNINN'v'.ld ~O:l Aij S\N'Vi