Elméleti Kémiai Számítások Alkalmazása Gyógyszeripari Jelentőségű Molekulák És Reakciók Vizsgálatára

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Elméleti Kémiai Számítások Alkalmazása Gyógyszeripari Jelentőségű Molekulák És Reakciók Vizsgálatára Elméleti kémiai számítások alkalmazása gyógyszeripari jelentőségű molekulák és reakciók vizsgálatára Doktori értekezés Készítette: Komjáti Balázs Témavezető: Dr. Nagy József egyetemi docens Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Szerves Kémia és Technológia Tanszék 2016 Nyilatkozat Alulírott Komjáti Balázs kijelentem, hogy ezt a doktori értekezést magam készítettem és abban csak a megadott forrásokat használtam fel. Minden olyan részt, amelyet szó szerint, vagy azonos tartalomban, de átfogalmazva más forrásból átvettem, egyértelműen, a forrás megadásával megjelöltem. Budapest, 2016. május 26. Komjáti Balázs Köszönetnyilvánítás Mindenekelőtt szeretnék köszönetet mondani témavezetőmnek, Dr. Nagy Józsefnek a szakmai irányításért, az odaadó segítségért, és hogy kutatómunkámban mindvégig támogatott. Köszönöm családomnak és barátaimnak, hogy doktori tanulmányaim alatt támogattak, bíztattak. Szeretném megköszönni a dolgozat alapjául szolgáló kutatás során nyújtott segítségét Szokol Biankának és Kováts Benjáminnak. Köszönöm Bell Evelin és Kókai Eszter javító szándékú észrevételeit, valamint a Bioorganikus kutatócsoport minden tagjának az évek alatt nyújtott segítségét. Külön köszönet illeti az együttműködő partnereinket, a Semmelweis Egyetem Gyógyszerészi Kémiai Intézetének munkatársait, Dr. Horváth Pétert az ECD spektrumok felvételért, Dr. Tóth Gergőt a ciklodextrinekkel kapcsolatos munka koordinálásáért, Urai Ákost és Dr. Hosztafi Sándort a morfinszármazékok előállításáért, továbbá az ELTE Növényszervezettani Tanszékéről Dr. Boldizsár Imrét és Sólyomvári Annát a növényi eredetű anyagok izolálásáért. Köszönettel tartozok a kvantumkémiai számításokban nyújtott segítségéért Kelemen Zsoltnak, Dr. Szieberth Dénesnek és Dr. Nyulászi Lászlónak. Hálás vagyok a munkámat anyagilag támogató szervezeteknek, a Sanofi Zrt-nek, a Varga József és a ProProgressio alapítványoknak. A kutatáshoz használt szuperszámítógép beszerzését a TÁMOP - 4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0009 projekt finanszírozta. 1 Tartalomjegyzék Rövidítések jegyzéke ......................................................................................................... 5 1. Bevezetés ....................................................................................................................... 7 2. Chan–Lam–Evans-reakció vizsgálata ........................................................................... 9 2.1. Irodalmi áttekintés .................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1. Diaril-éterek fontossága ................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Diaril-éterek szintéze C-O keresztkapcsolási reakciókkal ............................... 9 2.1.3. Chan–Lam–Evans-kapcsolás feltételezett mechanizmusa ............................. 13 2.1.4. Chan–Lam–Evans-kapcsolás módosított változatai ...................................... 14 2.1.5. Stabil réz(III)-vegyületek ............................................................................... 15 2.1.6. Átmenetifém-vegyületek és reakcióik kvantumkémiai vizsgálata ................ 17 2.2. Alkalmazott számítási módszerek a Chan–Lam–Evans-reakció vizsgálatára ...... 17 2.3. Eredmények és értékelésük .................................................................................. 18 2.3.1. Chan–Lam–Evans-reakció réz(II)-acáttal ...................................................... 18 2.3.2. Chan–Lam–Evans-reakció réz(II)-fluoriddal ................................................. 23 2.3.3 Réz(III)-komplexek elektronszerkezete .......................................................... 26 2.3.4. Réz(II)-fluorid alkalmazása Chan–Lam–Evans-kapcsolásban ...................... 27 3. Kvantumkémiai számítások alkalmazása elektronikus cirkuláris dikroizmus spektrumok becsléséhez .................................................................................................. 30 3.1. Irodalmi áttekintés ................................................................................................ 30 3.1.1. Királis vegyületek fontossága ........................................................................ 30 3.1.2. Abszolút konfiguráció meghatározásának módszerei .................................... 30 3.1.3. Cirkuláris dikroizmus jelensége és spektroszkópia alkalmazása ................... 31 3.1.4. Balanophonin ................................................................................................. 32 3.1.5. Kvantumkémiai módszerek cirkuláris dikroizmus spektrum becslésére ....... 34 3.1.6. Aromás nitrovegyületek gerjesztett állapotainak vizsgálata .......................... 35 3.2. Alkalmazott módszerek az ECD spektrumok becsléséhez ................................... 36 3.3. Aromás nitrovegyületek gerjesztett állapotainak vizsgálata ................................ 37 2 3.3.1. Modellvegyületek kiválasztása és előállítása ................................................ 37 3.3.2. [(1R,E)-bornán-2-ilidén]anilin ....................................................................... 39 3.3.3. [(1R,E)-bornán-2-ilidén]-4-nitroanilin .......................................................... 39 3.3.4. Egyéb para-szubsztituált [(1R,E)-bornán-2-ilidén]anilin származékok ........ 41 3.3.5. Kodein ........................................................................................................... 42 3.3.6. 1-Nitrokodein ................................................................................................ 43 3.3.7. (R)-2,4-Difenil-4,5-dihidrooxazol ................................................................. 43 3.3.8 (R)-4-Fenil-2-(4-nitrofenil)-4,5-dihidrooxazol .............................................. 43 3.3.9. Gerjesztések vizsgálata .................................................................................. 44 3.4. Cirsium eriophorum gyümölcsfalából izolált neo-lignánok vizsgálata ............... 48 3.4.1. Neo-lignánok izolálása .................................................................................. 48 3.4.2. Prebalanophonin ............................................................................................ 48 3.4.3. Balanophonin ................................................................................................. 49 3.4.4. Spektrumok értékelése ................................................................................... 49 4. Ciklodextrin zárvány komplexek vizsgálata ............................................................... 51 4.1. Irodalmi áttekintés ................................................................................................ 51 4.1.1. Ciklodextrinek tulajdonságai ......................................................................... 51 4.1.2. Ciklodextrin-zárványkomplexek alkalmazása ............................................... 52 4.1.3. Ciklodextrin zárványkomplexek modellezése ............................................... 52 4.3. Alkalmazott számítási módszerek ciklodextrin zárványkomplexek vizsgálatára 53 4.4. Ciklodextrin zárványkomplexek vizsgálata ......................................................... 54 4.4.1. Célkitűzés ...................................................................................................... 54 4.4.2. Asenapin ........................................................................................................ 55 4.4.3. Thalidomid és pomalidomid .......................................................................... 58 5. Összefoglalás .............................................................................................................. 63 5.1. Chan–Lam–Evans-reakció vizsgálata .................................................................. 63 5.2. Aromás nitrovegyületek gerjesztett állapotainak vizsgálata ................................ 63 3 5.3. Cirsium eriophorum gyümölcsfalából izolált neo-lignánok vizsgálata ................ 64 5.4. Ciklodextrin zárványkomplexek vizsgálata .......................................................... 64 6. Tézispontok ................................................................................................................. 66 7. Közlemények listája .................................................................................................... 67 A doktori értekezés témájához kapcsolódó közlemények ........................................... 67 Egyéb, a doktori értekezés témájához nem kapcsolódó közlemények ........................ 68 8. Függelék ...................................................................................................................... 70 8.1 A sűrűségfunkcionál elmélet alapjai ...................................................................... 70 Jákob létrája (Jacob’s ladder) ................................................................................... 72 1. fok – LDA ............................................................................................................ 72 2. és 3. fok – GGA és meta-GGA funkcionálok ...................................................... 73 4. fok – Hibrid funkcionálok .................................................................................... 73 5. fok ........................................................................................................................ 74 Diszperziós korrekciók ............................................................................................ 74 8.2 Sűrűségfunkcionálok kiválasztása réz-komplexek vizsgálatára ............................ 74 8.4 Bázis szuperpozíciós hiba mértéke
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