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In the Year 2000, the United States Anti-Doping Agency

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In the Year 2000, the United States Anti-Doping Agency 2000 2010 SPECIAL 10 year Anniversary ISSUE / FALL 2010 VOLUME 10 / ISSUE 2 In the year 2000, the United States Anti-Doping Agency was born as the result of recommendations made by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Select Task Force on Externalization to uphold the Olympic ideal of fair play, and to represent the interests of Olympic, Pan American, and Paralympic athletes. This special commemorative Spirit of Sport issue documents the impactful history of this evolving agency. Doping in History In the 50s, anabolic steroids became signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of An Independent U.S. available in the U.S. under FDA ap- 1988, outlawing the sale of steroids The term “doping” may be a relatively proval, and the Russian weightlifting for non-medical purposes; Congress Program is Created modern term in the context of perfor- team took advantage of testosterone passed the Anabolic Steroids Control That same year, at the urging of the mance enhancement, but the use of as a doping agent. The use of perfor- Act; Major League Baseball banned athletes themselves and with an eye extraordinary substances to enhance mance-enhancing drugs continued the use of steroids; and former East toward evaluating the U.S. anti- performance in sport is quite familiar. to gain popularity, and unfortunately German swimming coaches admitted doping efforts, the United States Athletes seeking an edge dates back led to the first athlete death in Olympic to two decades of systematic doping. Olympic Committee (USOC) Select to the ancient Greeks and the original competition in 1960. Another death Task Force on Drug Externalization Significantly, in early 1999, the World Olympic Games. Like today, there followed during the Tour de France was formed, co-chaired by former Conference on Doping in Sport was was a great deal at stake, and the in 1967 with both instances becoming USOC Executive Board Member Frank held, which led to the creation of the enticement to win – for some at any the first athletes to succumb in Marshall and former USOC CEO World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) cost – was as irresistible then as some competition due to doping. Baaron Pittenger. After thorough and in November of that year. might find it today. careful analysis, the recommenda- In 1967, the International Olympic tion of the Task Force was to create Fast forward to the modern Olympic- Committee (IOC) established the an independent agency to conduct era, and we see the signs of what Medical Commission to fight against drug testing and oversee anti-doping would become known as “doping” doping in sports, and in 1968 operations on behalf of America’s very early on. As early as the 1904 conducted the first drug testing at Olympic athletes and hopefuls. The Olympics, mixtures of strychnine, an Olympic Games. This is the recommendation received unani- heroin, cocaine, and caffeine were same year that the first athlete mous approval from the USOC Board employed, and it is said that coaches was disqualified from competition of Directors in October 1999. and teams developed uniquely- for a doping violation. formulated cocktails. By 1928, the The formation of the United States Throughout the 70s and 80s, International Association of Athletics Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), as the advancements in the anti-doping Federations (IAAF) became the first independent agency was named, was program continued, and included the international sporting federation to the result of the tremendous courage addition of steroids to the IOC list of prohibit doping by athletes. of the USOC and the Select Task Force. banned substances; Ronald Reagan Page 1 SPIrIT OF SPOrT Special 10 year Anniversary Commemorative Issue c o n t i n u e d At that time, USOC President, Bill The first Board roster included: Focus and Mission – USADA’s founding mission was to Hybl said, “For the last three decades, preserve the well-being of sport and Public Sector representatives: Barry we have heard criticism from por- Athletes the integrity of competition, and Axelrod (Encinitas, Calif.), Dr. Jean tions of the Olympic family that the USADA was formed with the ensure the health of athletes through Fourcroy (Bethesda, Md.), and United States was not living up to its objective of being equally dedicated research initiatives and educational Dr. Andrew Mecca (Tiburon, Calif.), mandate about anti-doping issues. to four main areas of service: programs. Dr. Walter W. Shervington (New Orleans, Our independent agency should 1) the anti-doping testing and results La.) and Olympic gold-medalist Frank Over the past ten years, USADA’s assure the Olympic movement that management processes, Shorter (Boulder, Colo.). goals for achieving the most effective we are meeting our obligation in a 2) programs that deter and detect anti-doping program have been direct and effective manner, and AAC-elected representatives: past incidences of doping, numerous, ambitious, and ever-grow- assure America’s athletes of our Olympians Peter Breen (Brookline, 3) research that advances anti- ing. Some achievements include: commitment.” Mass.) and Kate Borg (Charleston, S.C.). doping science, and 4) education initiatives aimed at • Appearing in front of more than “We believe that an independent NGB Council-elected representatives: preventing doping altogether, rooted 40,000 athletes, coaches, parents, agency, in which the USOC has Dr. Richard Cohen (Atlanta, Ga.) and in building a culture of integrity and and youth to impart the principles voice but not control, will contribute Dr. Ralph Hale (Herndon, Va.). priceless life lessons learned through of true sport, educating that it is substantially to both domestic and true sport. well worth the commitment, and international confidence in the U.S. without shortcuts, to achievement, anti-doping efforts,” added Baaron Pittenger, Task Force Co-Chair. • Allocating more than ten million dollars to cutting-edge scientific Following significant presence at the research aimed at understanding Sydney Games in 2000 by an expert and effectively combating the use inaugural staff, USADA officially of performance-enhancing drugs, commenced operations on October 1, 2000. Led by its first CEO, Terry Mad- • Collecting and managing the den, first Board Chair and Olympic results of more than 70,000 drug gold-medalist Frank Shorter, and tests, including tests for EPO Senior Managing Director, Larry D. and hGH, and utilizing the most Bowers, PhD. USADA set out to create sophisticated analysis available, the gold standard U.S. anti-doping program, as it is now recognized • Partneringwithfederal,state,and today, worldwide. localgovernmentstobemore effective,includinghugesuccesses The full Board of Directors was made ineffortswithBALCO,Operation up of nine individuals with diverse RawDeal,andothers,and backgrounds in science, medicine, research, law, and international • Most importantly, restoring the sport, many of whom still serve. image of U.S. athletes abroad, They were elected to the Board from giving them the hope that the three segments of the USOC Board decision to compete clean is worth of Directors: the Public Sector, the it, and assuring them that USADA Athletes’ Advisory Council (AAC) is here to support them. and the National Governing Body While it would be easy to become (NGB) Council. satisfied with these outcomes, USADA knows that now is the time to use past successes to propel the anti-dop- ing movement to the next level and completely return the playing fields Over the past ten years, USADA has met with over to clean athletes. 40,000 athletes, coaches, parents and youth to share the principles of true sport. Page 2 VOLUME 10 / ISSUE 1 Frank Shorter named the first Chair of USADA Board of Directors – USADA On-line Athlete Location Forms – USADA’s Communications Department and established itself as one of the world’s foremost anti-doping agencies in 2001 – its first Doping Control implemented an on-line registration system for athletes to submit full year of operation. Chaired by two-time Olympic medalist and location information. marathoner, Frank Shorter, the USADA Board of Directors provided the organization with a well-rounded, professional, and diverse Drug Reference Line – Created to provide athletes, parents, coaches, etc., a group of talented individuals. Frank Shorter worked extensively in personal resource for understanding prohibited substances and methods based support of worldwide anti-doping initiatives and testified before on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, the Drug Reference the United States Congress. Line (800-233-0393) enabled athletes to ask questions about prohibited and not prohibited substances. After previously operating with a delayed response to athlete Terry Madden named CEO of USADA – Terry Madden became Chief Executive queries, the Drug Reference Line improved in May 2003 and provided a direct human Officer of USADA in 2000 after serving as Chief of Staff to the USOC President, connection during business hours. Bill Hybl. Madden began his professional career as Assistant District Attorney to the Dallas, Texas County District Attorney’s Office. In addition, Madden’s diverse USADA trains Doping Control Officers (DCOs) – As representatives of USADA, background included serving as Executive Director of USA DCOs are key components of the testing program. USADA held two DCO training Badminton, Secretary of the Board of Trade, and member of sessions and trained more than 160 DCOs. This was the beginning of seminars, the Office of Investigations and Audits. As CEO of USADA, workshops, and conferences to mold competent, dependable DCOs. Madden worked closely with the USADA Board of Directors to strengthen the United States’ position as a leader in the fight against doping. Athlete Ambassadors– USADA’s Athlete Ambassador program was initially developed for current and/or retired Olympic athletes to serve as members of an advisory board. The advisory board’s goal was to to provide feedback for effective educational programs. Missed Test Policy– In 2001, the USOC implemented a policy that placed responsibility directly on the athlete to provide athlete location information.
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