2004 USADA Annual Report
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20ANNUAL REPORT PAGE 1 IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE 2000 OLYMPIC GAMES IN SYDNEY, USADA BEGAN OPERATIONS. BY THE 2004 OLYMPIC GAMES IN ATHENS, USADA HAD EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-DOPING AGENCIES IN THE WORLD, CAPPING A QUADRENNIUM OF SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY 04PAGE 1 Annual Report Contents Introduction Acknowledgements: Foreword . 1 Special thanks to the following organizations and individuals USADA History . 2 for their continued support in the fight against doping in sport: Mission. 3 U.S. Athletes Leadership . 4 U.S. Olympic Committee Organizational Chart . 8 U.S. National Governing Bodies for Sport World Anti-Doping Agency In-Depth Focus Areas National Anti-Doping Agencies Research. 10 International Federations Education. 12 Sen. Joseph R. Biden (D-Del.) Testing & Results Management. 15 Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) Sen. Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah) Connecting & Cooperating Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) Athletes . 19 Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-Colo.) Global Strategy. 22 Rep. Tom Osborne (R-Neb.) Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) CASPER . 23 Rep. John Sweeney (R-N.Y.) Technological Improvements . 24 American Continental Group Members of the Coalition of Anabolic Steroid Precursor Wrapping Up & Ephedra Regulation (CASPER) Glosary of Terms . 25 Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) Annual Audit Report. 26 U.S. Department of Justice USADA’s Numbers. 33 Credits: Contact Information . Back Cover Editor: Nirva Milord Contributors: Larry Bowers, Karen Casey, Baaron Pittenger Design: APEX Communications Inc. (Colorado Springs, Colo.) Photo Credits: Mark Dadswell/Getty Images (Cover photo) PhotoDisc/Getty Images (Pages 12, 15, 26) All USADA logos and marks depicted herein are the property of the iStockphoto (Pages 10, 17) U.S. Anti-Doping Agency and may not be reproduced without the prior USOC (Pages 20-21) U.S. Ski Team (Page 21–Carl Swenson) written consent of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency. All Rights Reserved U.S. Paralympics (Page 21–Pam McGonigle) Heikki Saukkomaa/Lehtikuva/WireImage.com (Contents Page, Pages 11,13) © 2005 USADA. All Rights Reserved. Allen Kee/WireImage.com (Page 7) Action Images/WireImage.com (Page 19–rower; Page 24–wheelchair athlete) Rolf Klatt/WireImage.com (Page 19–goalie) Chris Ivin/WireImage.com (Page 23) IOC/Olympic Museum Collections (Page 2–Sydney 2000 logo) Foreword The Olympic movement measures time in four-year cycles – the quadrennium – and because the United States Anti-Doping Agency is so closely related to Olympic sport, our annual report for 2004 not only relates the events of another momentous year, but also seeks to capture a sense of our development since assuming responsibility for protecting the ideals of Olympic competition four years ago. As for the year itself, USADA’s commitment to research began to pay increased dividends as the results of research initiated earlier in the quadrennium were realized, and took their place in the effort to provide clean athletes with a level playing field. The Federal investigation of the Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative (BALCO) touched off another highly visible demonstration of the threat performance-enhancing drugs pose to the integrity of sport, and placed USADA in the unique position of pursuing disciplinary action based on non-analytical positives. In the area of education, the year was marked by expanded use of the Web site, both for today’s athletes and for the young people who aspire to follow them, and for continued development of the “Clean Sport” program. Our testing responsibilities also showed marked progress, particularly with respect to test distribution planning, and international involvement and cooperation. Our board of directors continues to provide great leadership, and we are blessed with a dedicated staff. Both have been critical to the progress we have made during our first four years of activity, and to that for which we will strive in the future. Ralph W. Hale, M.D. Terry P. Madden Chair, USADA Board of Directors Chief Executive Officer PAGE 1 USADA USADA IS THE INDEPENDENT, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ANTI-DOPING AGENCY FOR OLYMPIC-RELATED SPORT IN History THE UNITED STATES. In the spring of 2000, the United States Olympic Committee In 2004, those figures had risen to a total of 7,630 domestic (USOC) Select Task Force on Externalization recommended the tests, of which 4,447 were OOC and 3,183 were in-competition. creation of an independent agency in an effort to uphold the At the outset, USADA purchased the “Eugene” database system, Olympic ideal of fair play on behalf of the nation’s Olympic, Pan then considered the best planning, tracking, and results manage- American, and Paralympic athletes. ment system available, from the Australian Sports Drug Agency. To eliminate any conflicts of interest, the task force But as USADA gained experience and identified its own needs, recommendations included both the governing structure it has invested considerable time and resources into the devel- (as represented by the board of directors) and responsibilities opment of its own system, named Simon, which will become the new agency would assume as it began operations on Oct.1, operational in April 2005. 2000. The board of directors consists of nine members, five of While testing and results management are vital parts of whom came from outside the Olympic family with no previous the anti-doping effort, they are by no means the only important ties to the USOC, and four of whom (two each) were selected functions. USADA has maintained a vigorous research program by the USOC’s Athletes’ Advisory Council (AAC) and National focused on issues of importance internationally as well as Governing Body (NGB) Council. The goal of the task force nationally, and has rapidly expanded the reach and content of was to provide representation and feedback from those USOC its education program. The goal of investing $2 million annually bodies. In 2003, the board further extended its independence in research has had a real impact in an area which, on a world- by choosing to consider recommendations from the AAC and wide basis, has been under-funded. In education, consistent NGBs, but ultimately electing its own members. increases in both personnel and financial resources have enabled USADA was given full authority to execute a comprehensive the program to expand from elite athletes to programs for national anti-doping program encompassing testing, results youth and those involved with athlete support systems, management, education, and research, and to develop programs, including coaches and trainers. policies, and procedures in each of those areas. In USADA’s Already recognized as a leader in the worldwide anti-doping first four years of activity, there have been significant advances effort, USADA seeks to maintain that position and continue to in these areas. USADA conducted 4,728 domestic tests in make important contributions as a new Olympic quadrennium 2001, of which 1,717 were out-of competition (OOC) and unfolds. 3,011 were in-competition tests. PAGE 2 USADA USADA IS DEDICATED TO PRESERVING THE WELL-BEING OF OLYMPIC SPORT, THE INTEGRITY OF COMPETITION, Mission AND ENSURING THE HEALTH OF ATHLETES. USADA FOCUSES ON FOUR PRIMARY AREAS: EDUCATION TESTING Focusing on ethics involved with the use of performance- USADA is responsible for managing both In- and Out-of- enhancing substances and the associated health risks, USADA's Competition testing for athletes in the U.S. Olympic movement education program seeks to inform both elite athletes and including Olympic, Pan American and Paralympic athletes. A those participating in sport at a young age of the dangers and major goal in testing is to achieve quality and consistency in the consequences of using prohibited substances. In addition, collection process and prompt, efficient handling of results. USADA, through its education initiatives, makes concerted efforts to inform athletes of policies, procedures, and athletes’ RESULTS MANAGEMENT rights and responsibilities with respect to doping control. USADA's adjudication process was designed to eliminate the conflicts of interest inherent with the involvement of National RESEARCH Governing Bodies (NGBs) in prosecuting and sanctioning their Because research is the cornerstone of an effective anti-doping own athletes, and to simplify and reduce the time and financial program, USADA allocates approximately $2 million annually to burdens associated with appeals. USADA's adjudication system the study of prohibited substances, the development of tests, relies on arbitrations before the American Arbitration Association and other issues involved with the practice of doping in sport. (AAA)/Court for Arbitration in Sport (CAS) under modified This commitment to research exceeds that of any other anti- AAA commercial rules, which have been agreed to by the doping agency in the world. relevant stakeholders. PAGE 3 USADA LEADERSHIP CHAIRED BY DR. RALPH HALE, THE USADA BOARD OF DIRECTORS PROVIDES THE ORGANIZATION WITH A WELL-ROUNDED, PROFESSIONAL, AND DIVERSE GROUP OF TALENTED INDIVIDUALS. Ralph W. Hale, MD, Chair Barry Axelrod, Treasurer The executive vice president of the American A graduate of UCLA Law School, Axelrod is College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists an attorney specializing in sports, entertain- (ACOG), Hale became the USADA Board ment and business law. His client roster Chair in April 2003 after serving as vice chair includes athletes Michelle Kwan, Rich Aurilia, since 2000. He was a member of the U.S. Jeff Bagwell, Craig Biggio, Matt Clement, delegation staff at four Olympic Games (1988, 1992, 1994 and Jake Peavy, and Phil Nevin; broadcasters Rick Sutcliffe, Mark 1996) and served on the USOC Board of Directors for 16 years Grace, and Wally Joyner; and entertainers Mark Harmon and as a representative of U.S. Water Polo. Hale was also Chef de Pam Dawber. Mission for the U.S. in the 1996 Olympic Summer Games in Atlanta. His extensive work in international sport includes Kate Hendrickson Borg, CHMM, Secretary serving as a member of the US/USSR Anti-Doping Commission Hendrickson Borg was a member of the 1992 (1989-92) and as a USOC vice president (1993-96).