DE DE GRUYTER ECONOMICS OPEN Vol. 5, No 1, 2017 G ISSN 2303-5005
TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO
Maria Popović Fakultet poslovne ekonomije, Bar, Crna Gora Faculty of business economy, Bar, Montenegro
Pregledni članak DOI 10.1515/eoik-2017-0014 , UDK 338.48:725.94(497.16) Review paper
APSTRAKT ABSTRACT
U radu se apostrofira vrijednost sakralnih In this article value of sacred objects like a objekata kao resursa za razvoj kulturnog i resource for development of cultural and religious vjerskog turizma. Opisano je postojeće stanje tourism is being emphased. It ia being described sakralnih spomenika, njihova spremnost da the current state of religious monuments, u postojećim uslovima budu funkcionalni their wilingness that in existing conditions be činioci turističke ponude. Za istraživanje se functional factors of tourist offer. For research koristi kvalitativno-kvantitativna metoda, it is being used: qualitative and quantitative kojom se opisuju priznati elemente turističke methods with which are being described valorizacije: turističko-geografski položaj, recognized elements of tourist valorization: ambijent, atraktivnost i prepoznatljivost, tourism-geographical location,ambiance, uređenost i opremljenost prostora i atractiveness and identity, decoration and uklopljenost u turističko bogatstvo. Potom equipment of the space in tourist wealth. Then, se kvantifikuju svi segmenti valorizacije the segmenta of valorisation are being quantified kroz ocjenu najreprezentativnijih sakralnih through evaluation of the most representative spomenika u Crnoj Gori. Radom se želi religious monuments in Montenegro. With this ukazati na vrijednost ovog nasljeđa i njegove work, we want to draw attention to the value mogućnosti da relativno lako postane of this heritage and its ability to relatively easy prepoznatljiv resurs kulturnog i vjerskog be recognized as a resource of cultural and turizma. Želi se istražiti koji segmenti religious tourism. It is being wanted to explore turističke valorizacije mogu biti unaprijeđeni, which segments of tourist valorization can be pa na temelju toga i inkorporirani u sistem improved, so on the base of it and incorporated turističke ponude. in a system of a tourist offer.
Ključne riječi: valorizacija, sakralni objekat, Keywords: valorization, sacral objects, resource, resurs, vjerski turizam religious touriam
Unauthenticated 107 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI
UVOD INTRODUCTION Crna Gora svojim geografskim Geographical position and a rare compound položajem, te rijetkim sklopom prirodnih of natural and anthropogenic resources across i antropogenih vrijednosti na relativno a relatively small area are the features that malom prostoru, atraktivna je za make Montenegro attractive for tourist visits. turističke dolaske i boravak. Elementi Tourism elements, such as attractiveness, turističkog proizvoda: atraktivnost, level of activity, pleasantness, availability, aktivnost, prijatnost, dostupnost i ljudski and human resources (Collier, 2007: 22) resursi (Collier,2007:22) opredjeljuju define future of Montenegro on the tourism budućnost Crne Gore na turističkom market. In that respect, its production, general, tržištu. U tom smislu proizvodni, opšti, infrastructure and tourism factors are what infrastrukturni i turistički faktori daju joj provides it an advantage over its competitors. prednost u odnosu na njenu konkurenciju. A wide range of cultural resources distributed Za kreiranje jedinstvenog turističkog throughout the country are particularly proizvoda Crne Gore poseban značaj ima important for creation of a unique tourism širok opseg kulturnih resursa na teritoriji product of Montenegro. Religious buildings cijele države. Svojim se mjestom, misijom, tend to stand out in terms of their location, značenjem i ljepotom izdvajaju sakralni mission, meaning and beauty, so the question objekti, pa je pitanje njihove valorizacije of their evaluation is of particular importance od posebne važnosti za razvoj kulturnog i for the development of cultural and religious vjerskog turizma. tourism. Na prostoru Crne Gore nalaze se Montenegro is a home to religious sakralni objekti koji predstavljaju buildings that represent the cultural reprezentativni dio kulturne baštine heritage of national, regional and universal nacionalnog, regionalnog i univerzalnog significance. They pose as artistic creations značaja. Spomenici su velike graditeljske and monuments of significant architectural vrijednosti i umjetničke kreacije, te value, and are witnesses of the past epochs predstavljaju svjedoke minulih epoha from the historical and cultural point of iz kulturološke i istorijske vizure. view. They represented the spirituality Predstavljali su jezgra duhovnosti epoha cores of eras in which they were built, u kojima su nastajali, djelovali i djeluju operated and have been operating over tokom vremena. Osim toga, aktivno su time. In addition, they actively contributed uticali na širenje pismenosti i književnog to the spread of literacy and literary stvaralaštva, te afirmisali likovnu i creations, asserting the establishment of the primijenjene umjetnosti. Osim toga, fine and applied arts. Moreover, these were ovo su bila mjesta okupljanja lokalnog the gathering places of local population, stanovništava, gdje su predstavnici naroda where the representatives of the people donosili važne odluke o organizovanju would make important decisions about the odbrane, političkom djelovanju i organization of defence, political actions aktivnostima koje će opredijeliti njihovu and activities that would decide their fate. sudbinu. U socio-kulturološkoj ravni At the socio-cultural level, we can talk možemo govoriti o njihovom značaju za about their importance in the formation of formiranje identiteta i vrijednosti koje identity and values inherited by traditional baštini tradicionalna i dijelom savremena and to a certain extent - modern state of Crna Gora. Duhovna vertikala naroda Montenegro. High level of spirituality of koji živi na ovim prostorima rezultat people living in the region is the result of je vjekovnog sažimanja autohtonih centuries of merging indigenous creations tvorevina sa uticajima osvajača kojima with the impacts of invaders who found je ovo područje strateški bilo izuzetno this area strategically very interesting.
108 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS zanimljivo. Brojnost te teritorijalna The number and territorial intermingling of izmiješanost sakralnih objekata u Crnoj religious buildings in Montenegro speaks in Gori govori u prilog suživotu tri konfesije: favour of coexistence of the three religions: pravoslavne, katoličke i muslimanske. Ovi Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim. In terms of objekti sa aspekta turističke valorizacije tourist evaluation, these facilities are of varying različitog su značaja, stanja i očuvanosti. importance, status and preservation level. A part Jedan dio njih inkorporiran je u turističku of them is incorporated into regular tourist sights, ponudu, a drugi, ne mali broj, objekata whereas the other, which is by no means a small bi mogao uz veću ili manju pripremu number, could be equally represented in the list biti ravnopravno zastupljen u turističkoj of tourist sights of Montenegro, provided that ponudi Crne Gore. Imajući u vidu more or less adaptation is done. Given the fact činjenicu da prema projekcijama VTO do that, according to World Tourism Organisation 2020.godine 15% ukupnih putovanja biće (WTO) projections, by 2020 15% of all travel will motivisana vjerom, pitanje valorizacije be motivated by religion, it is important to assess sakralnih objekata na teritoriji Crne Gore the issue of evaluation of religious buildings in važno je za analizu. Montenegro.
1. SAKRALNI OBJEKTI NA PODRUČJU 1. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN CRNE GORE MONTENEGRO
Ostaci sakralnih objekata na teritoriji The remains of religious buildings across the cijele Crne Gore svjedoče o različitim territory of Montenegro testify about different civilizacijskim uticajima u različitim civilizational influences across different epochs. epohama. Iz predslovenskog perioda The remains of the monastery in Doljani from datiraju ostaci manastira u Doljanima the end of the fifth century, trefoil in Bar from s kraja V vijeka, trikonhosa u Baru iz the sixth century, and the remains of several VI vijeka, te ostaci nekoliko crkava u churches in the Podgorica settlement of Zlatica podgoričkom naselju Zlatica iz VI vijeka. from the sixth century date back to the pre- Iz perioda preromantike i dolaska Slovena Slavic period. The remains of several buildings ostaci su nekoliko zdanja: stara crkva bear witness to the pre-Romance period and the Sv.Jovana u Zatonu kod Bijelog Polja, days of arrival of the Slavs: the old church of St. crkva Sv.Petra – centralna benediktinska John in Zaton near Bijelo Polje, the Church of opatija u Šuranju nadomak Kotora, St. Peter - a central Benedictine abbey in Šuranj manastir Sv.Arhangela Mihaila na near Kotor, Monastery of St. Archangel Michael Prevlaci i Manastir Bogorodice Ratačke on Prevlaka and the Monastery of Our Lady of nadomak Bara. Po mišljenju Čilikova Ratac near Bar. In the opinion of Chilikov, the najmonumentalnija bazilika preromantike most monumental basilica from pre-Romance u Crnoj Gori otkrivena je na Martinićkoj period was discovered in Montenegro in the gradini blizu Danilovgrada (2011:18). Gradina Martinička near Danilovgrad (2011: 18). Iz perioda mirnijeg srednjeg vijeka In the more peaceful period of Middle pravoslavni manastiri, crkve i utvrđenja Ages, Orthodox monasteries, churches and izmiještani su na skrovitija i branjena fortifications have been moved to the more mjesta (Nikolić,2000:227), kako bi bili hidden and better defended localities (Nikolić, sačuvani od najezde turskih, mletačkih 2000: 227), in order to be saved from the i drugih osvajača. Ova epoha izuzetno Ottoman, Venetian and other invaders. This je plodna, pa veliki broj spomenika koji epoch is extremely proliferant, as a large number od tada datira izuzetno je interesantan. of monuments dating from the time tends to be Sakralne građevine sa stilskim osobinama remarkably interesting. Religious buildings with preromantike, romantike i gotike svjedoče features of pre-Romance, Romance and Gothic o snažnom uticaju i prisutnosti evropskog period testify to the strong influence and presence duha toga vremena. of the European spirit of the times.
Unauthenticated 109 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI Od početka XV vijeka evidentan je A dual artistic impact has been evident in the area dvostruki umjetnički uticaj na područje of today’s Montenegro ever since the beginning današnje Crne Gore, posebno kada je of the fifteenth century, especially when it comes riječ o sakralnim objektima duž ove to religious buildings within the territory. One is teritorije. Jedan vezujemo za primorski related to the coastal region and Baroque style, region i barokni stilski krug, kao as a symbol of evident influence from the West. evidentni uticaj Zapada. Arhitektura, Architecture, zoographic and iconographic zoografski i ikonografski umjetnički izraz artistic expression of Orthodox churches in the pravoslavnih hramova u zaleđu uticaj je hinterland were influenced by the Byzantine Vizantije. empire. Najezdom Otomanske imperije i islamska The invasion of the Ottoman Empire će kultura ostaviti pečat i trajno nasljeđe brought the Islamic culture and its lasting na ovo područje. Posebno je zastupljen u legacy to the region. It is particularly gradovima koji su nastajali u eri njihovih distinguished in the towns created in osvajanja. Pokretno i nepokretno kulturno the era of their conquest. Personal and blago odiše snažnim islamskim uticajem real cultural goods bear a strong Islamic kroz brojne sakralne građevine: džamije, influence through a number of religious medrese i pomoćne objekte u njihovoj buildings: mosques, madrasas and službi. ancillary facilities in their service. Kulturni prostor crnogorske države The cultural space of the Montenegrin odlikuje se izrazitom multikulturalnošću, state is characterized by a pronounced slojevitošću civilizacijskih krugova i multiculturalism, layered civilizational epoha. Kulturno nasljeđe, pa i sakralni circles and epochs. The cultural heritage objekti nalaze se, sa većom ili manjom and religious buildings are, more or less koncentracijom, na terioriji cijele države. concentrated across the entire country. In U registru zaštićenih spomenika kulture the register of protected cultural monuments nalazi se popis zaštićenih urbanih cjelina, there is a list of protected urban areas, ancient strarih gradova, sakralnih i profanih cities, religious and secular monuments, spomenika, arheoloških nalazišta, archaeological findings, ethnological etnoloških zaostavština, te tehničkih i legacies, as well as 357 technical and memorijalnih spomenika, njih ukupno memorial monuments. The fact that the 357. Imajući na umu činjenicu da od ovog highest percentage of the aforementioned broja najveći procenat pripada sakralnim number belongs to the religious monuments, spomenicima, tačnije 57%, govori o 57% to be more precise, speaks for itself of njihovoj zastupljenosti, mjestu i značaju their presence, position and importance for za crnogorski kulturni identitet. the Montenegrin cultural identity. Na prostoru Crne Gore nalazi se 865 In Montenegro there are 865 Orthodox sakralnih objekata pravoslavlja, preko religious buildings, over 230 Catholic 230 katoličkih i 105 džamija (prema and 105 mosques (according to Radovic, Radović,2010:192). Pod zaštitom države 2010: 192). 205 religious monuments nalazi se 205 zaštićenih sakralnih most of which are spiritually active, are under spomenika koji su u najvećem broju state protection. Out of that number there are 155 duhovno aktivni. Od toga pravoslavnih Orthodox protected monument, 38 Catholic, 10 zaštićenih spomenika ima 155, katoličkih Islamic and two monuments of other religions. 38, 10 islamskih i dva spomenika When it comes to categorization, 18 religious ostalih vjeroispovjesti. Kada je u pitanju monuments belongs to the 1st category, 78 to kategorizacija 18 sakralnih spomenika 2nd and 109 to 3rd preservation category. pripada prvoj kategoriji, 78 drugoj i 109 Based on the Report on the State of Cultural trećoj kategoriji zaštite. Heritage from Ministry of Culture of Na osnovu Izvještaja o stanju kulturne Montenegro from 2005, the religious buildings baštine Ministarstva kulture Crne Gore are threatened by natural factors, due to
110 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS iz 2005.godine, sakralni objekti su negligence, lack of care and maintenance, ugroženi uticajem prirodnih faktora, improper and illegal works, as well as other nebrigom i neodržavanjem, nestručnim i factors of devastation. According to the same nelegalnim radovima, te drugim faktorima source, religious buildings, which comprise devastacije. Prema istom izvoru od 71% of all the endangered cultural monuments svih kulturnih spomenika u Crnoj Gori are the most endangered type of monuments najugroženiji su upravo sakralni objekti in Montenegro as compared to all other, or 99 i to u procentu od 71% u odnosu na sve endangered religious buildings compared to ostale, ili 99 ugroženih sakralnih objekata 138 devastated monuments at the state level. u odnosu na 138 devastiranih spomenika According to the information available to the na nivou države. public, and which may be obtained from the Tabela 1:Pregled devastiranih sakralnih Table 1: Summary of devastated religious objekata na teritoriji Crne Gore buildings in Montenegro Pravoslavni objekti / Orthodox facilities 79 Katolički objekti / Catholic facilities 15 Islamski objekti / Islamic facilities 5 Ukupno / Total 99 Izvor: Izvještaj o stanju kulturne baštine Source: Report on the state of Cultural Heritage Ministarstva kulture Crne Gore,2005. from the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro, 2005.
Prema podacima koji su dostupni javnosti, Directorate for the Protection of Cultural Property, a koje je moguće dobiti u Upravi za zaštitu the most outstanding examples of deterioration kulturnih dobara, najizrazitiji primjeri devastacije have ruined the visual identity, original appearance, narušili su vizuelni identitet, originalni izgled, surrounding environment, architectural and ambijentalnu cjelinu, arhitektonsku i estetsku aesthetic dimension to the original religious dimenziju prvobitnog zdanja sakralnih objekata, buildings, therefore having substantive and pa su sadržinska i funkcionalna namjena functional purposes brought to Question. It is the dovedena u pitanje. Riječ je o sanacionim rehabilitation works at the Podmaine Monastery in radovima na budvanskom manastiru Podmaine, Budva, Cetinje Monastery, the Monastery complex Cetinjskom manastiru, manastirskom kompleksu Dobrilovina and Ostrog Monastery. Dobrilovina i Ostroškom manastiru. On a number of religious buildings, the original Na jednom broju sakralnih objekata prvobitni appearance was marred by jeopardizing and izgled je narušen ugrožavanjem i nestručnom inadequate restoration of facades, domes and restauracijom fasada, kupola i zvonika, bell towers, the iconostases, floors of religious ikonostasa, podova sakralnih objekata i konačno buildings and finally, by incompetent painting and nastručnim oslikavanjem i doslikavanjem decorating of interior facades. unutrašnjih fasada. When all of the above factors are taken into Kada se svi navedeni činioci uzmu u obzir, na account, based on data from the Report of the osnovu podataka Izvještaja Ministarstva kulture, Ministry of Culture, we can perform a summary možemo izvesti zbirnu ocjenu o nivou očuvanosti assessment on the level of preservation of religious sakralnih objekata na području Crne Gore. buildings in Montenegro. Tabela 2: Ocjena stanja sakralnih objekata u Table 2: Assessment of condition religious Crnoj Gori buildings in Montenegro Stanje/Condition Pravoslavni/Orthodox Katolički/Catholic Islamski/Islamic Ostali/Others Ukupno/Total Dobro/Good 37 11 2 2 52 Osrednje/Medium 53 10 7 0 70 Slabo/Poor 37 5 0 0 42 Loše/Bad 27 12 1 0 40 Izgubio svojstva 1 0 0 0 1 Lost its properties Ukupno/Total 155 38 10 2 205
Unauthenticated 111 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI Na osnovu analize ukupnog stanja Based on the analysis of the overall condition of sakralnih spomenika kulture na području religious cultural monuments across the territory of Crne Gore, možemo zaključiti da su oni Montenegro, we can conclude that they are mainly u najvećem procentu osrednje ocijenjeni evaluated as being in medium condition (34.14%), (34,14%), nešto manje odlično 25,36 % with slightly less number of buildings in excellent i loše 19,51%. condition 25.36% and 19.51% of the poor ones.
1.1. SAKRALNI OBJEKTI U CRNOJ 1.1. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN GORI KAO TURISTIČKI RESURS MONTENEGRO AS A TOURIST RESOURCE Sakralni spomenici u Crnoj Gori su vrijedna Religious monuments in Montenegro are a valu- kulturna dobra. Kao takvi, važni su turistički able cultural asset. As such, they are important resursi koji nisu u funkciji turizma u tourist resources that are not a function of the de- poželjnoj mjeri. Kao takvi dominantno velopment of tourism in a preferred extent. Thus, privlače turiste sa visokim interesovanjem za they dominantly attract tourists highly interested kulturnu ponudu. Ako se tome doda podatak in culture. If we add the information that these da u svijetu ovih turista ima ukupno 5-10% tourists make a total of 5-10% on a world scale (Alat za razvoj kulturnog turizma,2008:12), (Alat za razvoj kulturnog turizma (eng.: „Tool srazmjerno godišnjem broju dolazaka for the Development of Cultural Tourism“, 2008: u Crnu Goru, uvidjećemo da je riječ o 12). Put into proportion to the annual number relativno malom broju turista. Na drugoj of visits to Montenegro, we will find that this is a strani, turisti prosječnog interesovanja relatively small number of tourists. However, av- ne biraju destinaciju na osnovu kulturne erage tourists do not choose a destination based ponude. Ona može biti sekundarna i uz on its cultural sights. The sights can be a com- zabavu može biti komplementarni turistički pletely secondary matter and can, in addition to sadržaj. Na osnovu zaključaka istraživanja entertainment, act as a complementary activity Stavovi i potrošnja turista u Crnoj Gori for tourists. Based on the conclusions of the re- (Kukalj,Lazović:2014) ovih turista ima search „Attitudes and expenditures of tourists in najviše. Montenegro“ (orig. Stavovi i potrošnja turista u Crnogorske manastire posjećuju i crnoj gori) (Kukalj, Lazović: 2014) such tourists spiritualno motivisani turisti. Oni to u are the majority. najvećem broju rade u okviru pokloničkih Montenegrin monasteries are also visited by spir- putovanja kroz Crnu Goru kao „destinaciju itually motivated tourists. Their visits are mainly autohtonih svetaca kojima se pripisuju forms of pilgrimages through Montenegro as a čudotvorstva (sveti Vasilije Ostroški, sveti “destination of indigenous saints who performed Petar Cetinjski i sveti Leopold Mandić)“ miracles” (St. Basil of Ostrog, St. Peter of Cetinje (Pasinović,2006:85). and St. Leopold Mandić)” (Pasinović, 2006: 85).
2. TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA 2. TOURIST EVALUATION
“Turistička valorizacija predstavlja ut- “Tourist evaluation represents the vrđivanje ili procenu vrednosti turističkih assessment of tourist attractiveness, i.e. atraktivnosti, odnosno procenu turističkih at- evaluation of tourist attractiveness of all raktivnosti svih onih pojava, objekata i pros- those phenomena, facilities and areas that tora koji imaju, pored ostalih karakteristika have, inter alia, features and properties i svojstvo da su atraktivni (interesantni) za making them attractive (popular) for turiste i da kroz njih turisti mogu zadovolji- tourists, and that the tourists can meet ti svoju turističku (kulturnu ili rekreativnu) their own tourist (cultural or recreational) potrebu”(Ahmetović-Tomka:1994,156). Po needs.” (Ahmetović-Tomka: 1994.156). Čomićevom mišljenju pod turističkom val- Based on Čomić’s opinion, tourist
112 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS orizacijom podrazumijevamo vrјednovanje, evaluation implies the evaluation, i.e. tj. kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu procјenu tur- qualitative and quantitative assessment ističke vrijednosti svih resursa, kao i ostalih of the tourist value of all the resources, konstitutivnih elemenata turističkog potenci- as well as other constituent elements of jala (turističke opreme) (1990:170). Drugim the tourism potential (1990:170). In other riječima, turističkom valorizacijom utvrđu- words, the tourist evaluation determines jemo turistički potencijal date destinacije tourist potential of a given destination in sa aspekta ocjene mogućnosti za turističko terms of assessment of opportunities for privređivanje. tourism economy. Jedinstveni metod turističke valorizacije A unique and unified method of tourist evaluation nije definitivno utvrđen niti prihvaćen has not yet been definitively established, nor od strane naučne javnosti. Za tu se svrhu accepted by the scientific community. For this uglavnom koriste metode drugih disciplina purpose, the methods from other disciplines prilagođenih zahtjevima i specifičnostima tailored to the requirements and specificities turizma. Metoda Hilari du Kros je veoma of tourism are generally used. The Hillary du efikasna kod valorizacija jednog resursa Cros method is a very purposeful, but effective ili kompleksnog resursa na jedinom method for the evaluation of a single resource mjestu (stari gradovi na primjer). Stoga or a complex resource at one place/location (old se pribjegava kvalitativno-kvantitativnoj towns for example). Therefore, the qualitative metodi ocjenjivanja kroz numeričku i and quantitative methods of evaluation through deskriptivnu ocjenu. numerical and descriptive assessment are used. Za ocjenu turističke valorizacije sakralnih The aforementioned quantitative and objekata na području Crne Gore koristi se qualitative evaluation method is used for the upravo kvantitativno-kvalitativni metod, assessment of tourist evaluation of religious a ocjenjivani su oni sakralni objekti buildings in Montenegro. The buildings za koje je ocijenjeno da su adekvatan that were evaluated were the ones that were resurs kulturnog turizma. Kao osnova za deemed as adequate resource of cultural turističku valorizaciju sljedeći činioci se tourism. As a basis for tourist evaluation the smatraju relevantnim: following factors are considered as relevant: - Turističko-geografski položaj – položaj - Tourist-geographical position - the u odnosu na saobraćajnice, matično mjesto position in relation to the roads, the focal turista i pristupačnost; location of tourists and its accessibility; - Ambijent – uređenost, specifičnost, - Ambiance - arrangement, specificity, očuvanost prostora; maintained space; - Atraktivnost i prepoznatljivost – - Attractiveness and identity - privlačnost za turiste; attractiveness for tourists; - Uređenost i opremljenost prostora – - Decor of the area - the amount of tourist stepen zastupljenosti turističkih objekata facilities in the vicinity: rest areas, u neposrednoj blizini: odmorišta, česme, fountains, information panels; informativne table; - Incorporation in the tourist assets - - Uklopljenost u turističko bogatsvo complementary facilities within the same komplementarni sadržaji u istoj destinaciji. destination.
Unauthenticated 113 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI
TURISTIČKO-GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION Pristupačnost resursa se sagledava na osnovu Accessibility of resources is perceived based blizine aerodroma, luka, željezničkih pruga i on the proximity of airports, harbours, rail- puteva koji do njih vode. Dakle, što je veći ways and roads leading to them. Thus, the broj saobraćajnica i frekvencija saobraćaja, higher the number of means of access (roads) veća je ocjena turističke valorizacije. and traffic frequency, the higher the tourist Saobraćajnice do sakralnih spomenika u evaluation score. Roads to religious mon- Crnoj Gori imaju uglavnom dobar kolovoz, uments in Montenegro generally have well što svakako ima vrlo pozitivne efekte na maintained driveway, which certainly has a turističku valorizaciju. U neposrednoj blizini very positive impact on the tourist evaluation. najvećeg broja sakralnih spomenika nalaze In the near vicinity of the majority of reli- se magistralni i regionalni putevi. Prema gious monuments are the main and regional mišljenju jednog broja autora (Blažević i roads. In the opinion of a number of authors dr,1988:172) saobraćajna izolovanost Crne (Blažević et al., 1988: 172) traffic isolation of Gore je prestala izgradnjom Jadranske Montenegro came to an end by upon finaliza- magistrale. Ova saobraćajnica ima tion of construction of the Adriatic Highway. neprocjenjiv značaj za valorizaciju sakralnih This road is priceless for the evaluation of re- objekata na crnogorskom priobalju. Oni su ligious buildings on the Montenegrin coast. veoma dobro povezani na cijelom području They are very well connected throughout the krajnjeg juga i to dominantno doprinosi far south and it predominantly contributes to dostupnosti sakralnih objekata smještenih u the availability of religious buildings situated blizini obale. near the coast. Za valorizaciju sakralnih spomenika u For the evaluation of religious monuments centralnom dijelu Crne Gore (manastir in the central part of Montenegro (Ostrog Ostrog, manastir Piva i dr) najveći značaj Monastery, Piva Monastery, et al.), the road ima saobraćajnica Podgorica – Nikšić – Podgorica - Nikšić - Plužine - Foča – Saraje- Plužine – Foča – Sarajevo, odnosno sve vo is of the highest importance, in addition saobraćajnice koje povezuju Crnogorsko to all the access routes that connect the Mon- primorje i Podgoricu. Saobraćajnica je tenegrin coast and Podgorica. The route is veoma frkventna u ljetnjim mjesecima very frequent in the summer months when kada turisti koji su u tranzitu u najvećem transiting tourists predominantly visited broju posjećuju manastir Ostrog i nešto monastery Ostrog and to a lesser extent - manjem broju manastir Pivu. Piva Monastery. Sjeverni region i sakralni spomenici Northern Region and religious monu- koji se u njemu nalaze dostupni su ments located within are available for za turističku valorizaciju prije svega tourist evaluation primarily due to the zahvaljujući magistralnom putu Bar – highway Bar - Belgrade. In terms of its Beograd. Po privrednom značaju, ovo je economic importance, this is the most najznačajnija i najfrekventnija crnogorska important and busiest Montenegrin road. saobraćajnica. U ljetnjim mjesecima In the summer months a vast number of ogroman broj turista koji su u tranzitu tourists in transit to the coast of Monte- prema Crnogorskom primorju posjećuju negro visit religious buildings located in sakralne objekte smještene u ovom dijelu this part (in particular manastir Morača). (posebno manastir Moraču). Takođe, Likewise, during the transit in winter, on tokom tranzita u zimskim mjesecima, their way to winter resorts / tourist areas, na putu prema zimskim turističkim tourists also visit these religious build- mjestima, turisti takođe posjećuju ove ings. The roads of great importance are sakralne objekte. Od velikog su značaja Bijelo Polje (Ribarevine) - Berane and putevi Bijelo Polje (Ribarevine) – Berane Mojkovac - Đurđevića Tara - Pljevlja,
114 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS i Mojkovac – Đurđevića Tara – Pljevlja, as well as a number of minor roads and kao i niz manjih saobraćajnica i lokalnih local roads leading to the monuments puteva koji vode do samih spomenika. themselves. Kapitalni projekat izgradnje puta Bar – Capital project for construction of high- Boljare zvanično je započeo 2015.godine way Bar - Boljare was officially started in i kako se planira, završetak je predviđen 2015 and according to the plan, comple- za 2019.godinu. Završetak radova na tion is scheduled for 2019. The completion ovom autoputu doprinijeće unaprjeđenju of works on the highway will contribute to ukupne privrede, time svakako i turizma. the improvement of the total economy, and Željeznički saobraćaj na relaciji Bar – therefore certainly – of tourism. Beograd doprinosi unarijeđenju turističke Railway traffic on the route Bar - Belgrade privrede i valorizaciji turističkih resursa. contributes to the improvement of tourism Pored navedenog, u Podgorici i Tivtu and evaluation of tourism assets. se nalaze aerodomi koji su direktnim ili In addition, airports in Podgorica and Tivat indirektnim letovima povezani sa cijelim are via direct or indirect flights connected svijetom. Trajektna linija Bar-Bari sa to the entire world. Ferry line Bar-Bari with manjim prekidom u radu 2016. i polovini minor operational disruption in 2016 and 2017.godine realizuje pomorski putnički half of 2017 has contributed to maritime saobraćaj između dvije zemlje. passenger traffic between the two countries. Veliki broj sakralnih objekata na području A large number of religious buildings in Crne Gore ima odličan ili veoma dobar Montenegro have an excellent or a very turističko-geografski položaj. Kako se good tourist-geographical position. As the najveći broj sakralnih spomenika nalazi largest number of religious monuments is u primorskom dijelu, gdje je ujedno located in the coastal area, which is also i najgušća koncentracija turističko- the area with the densest concentration of ugostiteljskih objekata, sakralni objekti u tourist facilities, religious buildings in this ovom dijelu nalaze se u blizini ili u samim region are located in the vicinity or in the turističkim jezgrima. U centralnom i very tourist core. In the central and north- sjevernom dijelu Crne Gore turističko- ern part of Montenegro, tourist and accom- ugostiteljski objekti su relativno blizu modation facilities are relatively close to sakralnih objekata, a u neposrednoj religious buildings and near some of them blizini nekih izgrađeni su i grade se manji smaller catering facilities, such as restau- ugostiteljski objekti: restorani, pansioni, rants, hotels, motels (Ostrog and Morača) moteli (Ostrog i Morača). U nekim have been completed or are still being con- sakralnim objektima receptivni kapaciteti structed. Some religious buildings do have postoje ali su veoma ograničeni. Po accommodation capacities but are very Radovićevom mišljenju nedostatak limited. Based on the opinion of Mr.Ra- ovakvih kapaciteta i neadekvatan dović, lack of such capacity and inadequate marketing glavna su prepreka razvoju marketing are the main obstacle to the de- religioznog turizma (2010:192). velopment of religious tourism (2010: 192).
AMBIJENT AMBIANCE Jedinstvena osobina svih sakralnih objekata na The unique feature of all religious buildings in području Crne Gore je pažljivi odabir lokacije, u Montenegro is a careful site selection, in line skladu sa pejzažnim karakteristikama njihovog with the landscape features of their place of or- mjesta nastanka. „Gledano kroz dugi istorijski igin. “Perceived through a long historic span, hod, prirodne odrednice geografske sredine i natural determinants of the geographical envi- strategijski položaj imali su presudnu ulogu na ronment and strategic position had a decisive utvrđivanje lokacije i graditeljsko oblikovanje role in determining the location and architec- ovih spomenika“(Nikolić,2000:228).Odabir tural design of these monuments.” (Nikolić,
Unauthenticated 115 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI mjesta sakralnih lokaliteta koji se ne nalaze u 2000: 228). The locations of sacred sites located gradskim jezgrima ili gusim naseljima locirani outside of town centres or densely populated su tako da izuzetno pogoduju meditaciji i settlements were selected so that they beneficial- duhovnom miru. Građeni su na zaštićenim i ly contribute to meditation and spiritual peace. skrovitim mjestima, često utvrđeni zidinama, They were built in protected and hidden places, u blizini morske obale, na obali jezera ili often with fortified walls, near the sea coast, on malim jezerskim ostrvima, dolinama rječnih the shores of lakes or small lake islands, valleys tokova Morače, Pive, Lima i Tare. U nekim of rivers Morača, Piva, Lim and Tara. In some manastirima prirodni ambijent nije pogodovao monasteries the natural environment is not fa- odbrani pa se pribjegavalo izgradnji masivnih vorable for the defense, which is why the settlers zidina i kupola (Pododstog, Stanjevići, resorted to the construction of massive walls Starčevo). and domes (Pododstrog, Stanjevići, Starčevo). Savršeno uklopljeni u prirodno bogatstvo, Perfectly blended with the natural environment, zavisno od regije gdje se nalaze, okruženi depending on the region they are located in, sur- su voćnjacima, maslinjacima, pašnjacima rounded by orchards, olive groves, pastures, all organizovanim u crkvene ekonomije. Lokacija integrated in the church economy. Location of sakralnih objekata unutar gradskih jezgara religious buildings within the city core favoured pogodovala je duhovničkoj misiji i vjerskim spiritual missions and religious services in these obredima u ovim sredinama. Njihov vizuelni areas. Their visual identity is in perfect harmony identitet u savršenom je saglasju sa izgledom with the appearance of old cities. Integrated with starih gradova. Uklopljeni sa objektima profane facilities of profane architecture they discreetly arhitekture, diskretno se izdvajaju ljepotom i stand out by their sheer beauty, thus leaving a time daju pečat cjelokupnom ambijentu. mark onto the overall environment. Ambijentalne cjeline manastirskih kompleksa Ambient compounds of contemporary urban savremene urbanističke tendencije su townscape monastery complexes have been par- djelimično derogirale. Izgradnjom modernih tially derogated. The construction of modern saobraćajnica kojom se doprinijelo roads, which contributed to the evaluation of valorizaciji ovih objekata, na drugoj strani, these buildings, on the other hand, permanently trajno se ugrozilo prvobitno jedinstvo jeopardized the original unity of natural and an- prirodnih i antropogenih elemenata za thropogenic elements in terms of the experience doživljaj ambijenta sakralnih objekata. Tako of religious buildings. Thus, Adriatic highway je Jadranskom magistralom odsječen dio has cut off a section of the Praskvica monas- manastirske ekonomije Praskvice, a šumski tery’s economy, whereas the forest complex of kompleks Savine je prepolovljen. Još je Savina monastery has been cut in half. Another jedna tekovina savremenog doba promijenila achievement of the modern age has changed the sudbinu tri crnogorska manastira: Kosijerevo, fate of three Montenegrin monasteries: Kosijere- Piva i Dubočica. Kako navodi autorka Pejović vo, Piva and Dubočica. According to the author (2011:30), izmještanje manastira inicirala Pejović (2011: 30), the relocation of the monas- je potreba za ustupanjem prostora za vode teries was initiated by the requirement for ced- akumulacionih jezera. ing space to the water reservoirs. Ambijent crnogorskih manastira značajno The ambiance of Montenegrin monasteries was je ugrožene nestručnom i nasmotrenom significantly affected by unprofessional and izgradnjom objekata u njihovoj neposrednoj careless construction of facilities in their im- blizini. Neki su potpuno, a neki djelimično mediate vicinity. Some of them have been com- izgubili vizuelni identitet i time bitno umanjili pletely and some partially devoid of their visual doživljaj zdanja kao duhovnih centara, identity, thereby significantly reducing the expe- ustupajući primat komercijalnoj i lukrativnoj rience of the buildings as spiritual centres, giving svrsi. primacy to commercial and lucrative purposes.
116 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS
ATRAKTIVNOST I PREPOZNATLJIVOST ATTRACTIVENESS AND IDENTITY
Atraktivnost sakralnih objekata odgovara The attractiveness of religious buildings stepenu zadovoljenja turističkih potreba corresponds to the fulilment level of needs of turista koji ga posjećuju, odnosno vrijednosti tourists who visit them, i.e. to the level which kojom objekti odgovaraju motivima za buildings correspond to the motives for their njihovu posjetu. Sa druge strane, stepen visit. On the other hand, the level of utilisation of korištenja resursa zavisi od karaktera resursa such resources depends on the features of such i potreba turista (Pasinović,2008:69). Za resources and needs of tourists (Pasinović, 2008: potrebe valorizacije najoperativniji pojam 69). For the purposes of evaluation, the most je pojam atraktivnosti sa elementima: operative term would be a term „attractiveness“ estetske vrijednosti, kuriozitetnosti i with the elements of aesthetic value, oddity and znamenitosti. Te vrijednosti ili atributi notability or relevance. These values or attributes sakralnih spomenika variraju u zavisnosti od of religious monuments vary depending on the stepena složenosti atraktivnosti, razuđenosti complexity level of their attractiveness, dispersion i nivoa (prema:Jovičić,1986). Estetski and category (according to Jovičić, 1986). The atributi ogledaju se u arhitektonskoj i aesthetic attributes are reflected in the architectural likovnoj vrijednosti, umjetničkoj vrijednosti and visual value, artistic value of the interior and enterijera i eksterijera sakralnog objekta. exterior of the religious building. Oddity refers Kuriozitetna vrijednost odnosi se na rijetkost i to the rarity and uniqueness of the building, neponovljivost objekta, njegovog okruženja i its surroundings and the treasury (the relics of riznice (mošti svetaca i njihovi djelovi, rijetke saints and their parts, rare icons and iconostases, ikone i ikonostasi, mobilijer, knjige, krune i equipment and furniture, books, crowns and ostali vrijedni sadržaju riznice). Znamenitost other valuable content of the treasury). Notability se ogleda u odnosu na sakralni objekat i relates to the religious building and its historical, njegov istorijski, kulturni, politički i društveni cultural, political and social context. The degree kontekst. Stepen složenosti navedenih atributa of complexity of those attributes is in proportion u srazmjeri je sa atraktivnošću samog objekta, to the attractiveness of the building itself, or the ili što je stepen ovih atributa veći, objekat je higher the level of these attributes, the building is atraktivniji. more attractive. Po svojoj atraktivnosti na prostoru Crne In terms of attractiveness, notable religious buildings Gore izdvajaju se: manastir Ostrog, Cetinjski in Montenegro are as follows: the monastery of manastir, manastir Savina, katedrala Svetog Ostrog, Cetinje Monastery, Savina Monastery, the Tripuna, manastir Morača, manastir Piva, Cathedral of St. Tryphon, Morača Monastery, Piva manastir Đurđevi Stupovi, manastir Svete Monastery, Tracts of St. George Monastery, Holy Trojice i Husein-pašina džamija. U posljednje Trinity Monastery and Husein Pasha Mosque. vrijeme za turističke posjete sve su atraktivniji Recently, the monasteries increasingly interesting manastiri na Skadarskom jezeru: Starčevo, for tourist visits are the ones on Skadar Lake: Beška i Moračnik. Starčevo, Beška and Moračnik.
UKLOPLJENOST U TURISTIČKO INCORPORATION INTO TOURISM BOGATSTVO ASSETS
Veliki problem za ovo istraživanje A major problem for this research was the predstavljala je zatvorenost predstavnika lack of cooperation from representatives of svih konfesija u Crnoj Gori da dijele any confession in Montenegro to share any in- informacije o broju posjeta sakralnih formation on the number of visits to religious objekata. Procjene Nacionalne turističke buildings. Estimates of the National Tourism organizacije Crne Gore te lokalnih Organization of Montenegro, as well as of lo- organizacija samo su djelimično otklonili cal organizations only partially contributed
Unauthenticated 117 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI ovaj nedostatak. U skladu sa njima, manastir to resolving this issue. According to them, Ostrog je posjetilo tokom prošle godine the monastery of Ostrog was visited over one preko milion turista. Najveći procenat million tourists in the past year. The highest turističkih posjeta je u ljetnjim mjesecima, percentage of tourist visits is in the summer tokom sezone i velikih pravoslavnih months, during holiday season and on major praznika. Od kraja maja do kraja avgusta Orthodox holidays. In the period from late Cetinjski manastir organizovano posjeti više May to late August, Cetinje monastery is visit- od dvije hiljade turista dnevno, ne računajući ed by more than two thousand tourists a day. individualne posjete. Prema podacima According to the data obtained in the Tourist koje smo dobili u Turističkoj organizaciji Organization of Kolasin, number of visits to Kolašin, broj posjeta manastira Morače je the monastery Morača is impossible to deter- nemoguće utvrditi. Naveli su, ukoliko bi mine. They noted that if one should analyse sa analizirali motivi za dolazak u Kolašin, the motives for visiting Kolasin, the percent- da bi procenat posjeta manastiru Morača, age of visits to the monastery Morača would, po njihovim pretpostavkama, bio veći od by their assumptions, be higher than the ones onih motivisanih zimskim sportovima ili motivated by winter sports or hiking. The planinarenjem. Prizor desetina parkiranih sight of tens of buses parked on a nearby park- autobusa na obližnjem parkingu uobičajen ing lot is common in the summer months. In je u ljetnjim mjesecima, a gotovo da nema addition almost no organized tourist groups organizovane turističke grupe koja u tranzitu faild to visit Morača on their transit route. mimoiđe Moraču. Veoma veliku posjećenost Moraca can also boast with a large attendance Morača ima i od individualnih posjeta koje in terms of daily individual visits, regardless su svakodnevne, nezavisno od turističke of the tourist season. As for the municipality sezone. Na području opštine Pljevlja dva of Pljevlja, two religious buildings stand out sakralna objekta su najposjećenija: manastri as the most visited ones: Holy Trinity Mon- Sv. Trojice i Husein-pašina džamija, i to astery and Husein Pasha Mosque, particular- posebno u ljetnjim mjesecima. Podrumijske ly during the summer months. Churches and crkve i manastiri na području barske monasteries of Podrumija in the municipali- opštine bilježe dobru posjećenost u ljetnjim ty of Bar record a high number of visitors in mjesecima i to, prema podacima lokalne the summer months and, according to the lo- Turističke organizacije, od oko 6.000 turista cal Tourist organization, about 6,000 tourists u ljetnjoj sezoni. U vrijeme velikih praznika during the summer season. At the time of ma- i vjerskih manifestacija manastir Savina jor holidays and religious events, monastery bilježi najveću posjećenost, kao i za vrijeme Savina has the highest attendance, as well as Praznika mimoze. Od kotorskih sakralnih during the Mimosa Festival. As far as the re- objekata najveću posjećenost, prema ligious buildings of Kotor are concerned, the podacima TO Kotor, ima katedrala Svetog Cathedral of St.Tryphon is visited the most, Tripuna. according Tourist Organisation of Kotor. Duhovno motivisani turisti posjećuju Spiritually motivated tourists actively visit aktivno dio crnogorskih manastira, držeći a part of the Montenegrin monastery, being ih za centre pravoslavne duhovnosti, considered as the centre of Orthodox spiritu- posjećuju iz vjerskih razloga. Ovakva ality, they are visited for religious reasons. Such putovanja brižljivo su organizovana uz trips are carefully organized with the provided predviđenu pratnju obučenih vodiča. accompanying trained guides. Young people Mlada populacija najčešće dolazi đačkim mainly visit the locations as a part of their pu- i studentskim ekskurzijama, a najveći broj pil and student group tours, whereas the larg- posjetilaca sakralnih objekata čine to u est number of visitors to religious buildings periodu godišnjih odmora. do so during the holiday season.
118 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS
UREĐENOST I OPREMLJENOST DECOR OF PROSTORA THE AREA
Većina sakralnih objekata na području Crne Most religious buildings in Montenegro are Gore su dobro opremljeni. Putokazne table well equipped. Direction signs are placed at su postavljene na vidnim mjestima, ispisane easily accessible locations, printed in Latin and na ćirilici i latinici, nerijetko na dva strana Cyrillic scripts, often in two foreign languages jezika: engleskom i/ili ruskom.Odmorišta as well: English and / or Russian. Rest areas and i česme su takođe uobičajeni u okolini tap water are also common in the vicinity of sakralnih objekata, dok su oni u gradskim religious buildings, whereas those in the town jezgrima drugačije organizovani, u skladu sa centres are organized differently, according to urbanističkim rješenjima samih gradova. the development plans of the cities themselves. Kod sakralnih objekata na Crnogorskom When speaking of religious buildings on the primorju i Cetinju nivo komplementatnih Montenegrin coast and in Cetinje, the level of sadržaja turističkog bogatstva je izuzetno complementary tourist assets is extremely high, visok, dok u kontinentalnom dijelu sakralni whereas religious monuments in continental spomenici imaju nešto niži stepen uklopljenosti region have a slightly lower level of incorporation sa manjim brojem komplementarnih with less complementary tourist facilities. Thus, turističkih sadržaja. Tako je i opremljenost the decor and equipment of the area in the prostora oko sakralnih spomenika na južnom vicinity of religious monuments in the southern i centralnom području Crne Gore nešto veća u and central part of Montenegro is slightly higher odnosu na njen sjeverni region. in comparison to its northern region. Ocjena valorizacije izvedena je na osnovu Evaluation rating was derived on the basis of ocjena dodijeljenih svakoj sakralnoj jedinici i markings assigned to each religious unit as to: ocjena 5 – odličan kvalitet, ocjena 4 – vrlo follows: grade 5 - excellent quality, grade 4 - dobar kvalitet, ocjena 3 – dobar kvalitet, ocjena very good quality, grade 3 - good quality, grade 2 – zadovoljava i ocjena 1 – ne zadovoljava. 2 – satisfactory, 1 - unsatisfactory. The marking Ocijenjeni su oni sakralni spomenici koji was made for religious monuments which se odmah ili sa manjim pripremama mogu can, immediately or with minor preparations, staviti u funkciju efektivnog razvoja vjerskog effectively contribute to development of religious turizma. tourism.
Tabela 3: Ocjena valorizacije sakralnih ob- Table No.3: Evaluation rating of religious jekata na području Crne Gore buildings in Montenegro Sakralni
objekat t
-
i
s k i k a n o s i
n o j t č č l j k e n i
e
e j a č t e n t n o s t i i a j t i š t c n a u p a d n o s t d n o s t e s t e j b i đ e i e e e o ž j s t j j j e p a i i i m m r c o l m r P U v r A U S u g o s t k a T u r v r P O Manastir 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4,8 Savina – Herceg Novi
Katedrala Sv. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 Tripuna – Kotor
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8 Nikole – Kotor Unauthenticated 119 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Bogorodičin 5 5 4 3 4 3 5 4,1 hram Prčanj
Crkva Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4,4 Đorđa – Gospa od Škrpjela
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Ivana - Budva
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Trojice – Budva
Manastir 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3,8 Podostrog
Manastir 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4,3 Praskvica
Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 4,6 Reževići
Manastir 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4,1 Gradište
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2 Beška
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2
Starčevo
Cetinjski 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 manastir
Ćipur 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8
Manastir 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 3,8 Dajbabe
Manastir 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4,8 Ostrog
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 4 3 5 4,4 Vasilija Ostroškog – Nikšić
Manastir Piva 5 5 4 4 3 3 5 4,1
Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4,7 Morača
Crkva Sv. 5 4 3 3 5 3 5 4,0 Petra – Bijelo Polje
Manastir 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4,7 Đurđevi Stupovi
M anastir Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4,1 Trojice
Husein Pašina 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4,7 džamija
Careva 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4,4 džamija - Plav
Srednja 4,64 4,4 4,68 4,4 4,0 4,16 4,52 4,4
vrijednost
Sakralni
objekat t
-
i
k a s k i n o s i
n o j t č č j l k e n i
e
j a e č t e n t n o s t i i a j t i š t n a c u p a d n o s t d n o s t e s t e j b i đ e e i e e o ž j s t j j j e p a i i i m m r c o l m r P U v r A U S u g o s t k a T u r v r P O Manastir 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4,8 Savina – Herceg Novi
Katedrala Sv. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 Tripuna – ECONOMICSKotor Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8 Nikole – Kotor
Bogorodičin 5 5 4 3 4 3 5 4,1 hram Prčanj
Crkva Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4,4 Đorđa – Gospa od Škrpjela
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Ivana - Budva
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Trojice – Budva
Manastir 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3,8 Podostrog
Manastir 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4,3 Praskvica
Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 4,6 Reževići
Manastir 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4,1 Gradište
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2 Beška
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2
Starčevo
Cetinjski 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 manastir
Ćipur 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8
Manastir 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 3,8 Dajbabe
Manastir 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4,8 Ostrog
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 4 3 5 4,4 Vasilija Ostroškog – Nikšić
120Manastir Piva 5 5 4 4 3 3 5 Unauthenticated4,1 Download Date | 1/12/18 10:02 AM Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4,7 Morača
Crkva Sv. 5 4 3 3 5 3 5 4,0 Petra – Bijelo Polje
Manastir 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4,7 Đurđevi Stupovi
M anastir Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4,1 Trojice
Husein Pašina 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4,7 džamija
Careva 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4,4 džamija - Plav
Srednja 4,64 4,4 4,68 4,4 4,0 4,16 4,52 4,4
vrijednost
Sakralni
objekat t
-
i
s k i k a n o s i
n o j t č č j l k e n i
e
a e j č t e n t n o s t i i a j t i š t c n a u p a d n o s t d n o s t e s t e j b i đ e i e e e o ž j s t j j j e p a i i i m m r c o l m r P U v r A U S u g o s t k a T u r v r P O Manastir 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4,8 Savina – Herceg Novi
Katedrala Sv. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 Tripuna – Kotor
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8 Nikole – Kotor
Bogorodičin 5 5 4 3 4 3 5 4,1 hram Prčanj
Crkva Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4,4 Đorđa – Gospa od Škrpjela
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Ivana - Budva
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4,7 Trojice – Budva
Manastir 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3,8 Podostrog
Manastir 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4,3 Praskvica
Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 4,6 Reževići
Manastir 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4,1 Gradište
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2 Beška
Manastir 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 3,2
Starčevo
Cetinjski 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,0 manastir
Ćipur 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,8
Manastir 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 3,8 Dajbabe
Manastir 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4,8 Ostrog
Crkva Sv. 5 4 5 5 4 3 5 4,4 Vasilija Ostroškog –
MariaNi kPopovićšić - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS
Manastir Piva 5 5 4 4 3 3 5 4,1
Manastir 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4,7 Morača
Crkva Sv. 5 4 3 3 5 3 5 4,0 Petra – Bijelo Polje
Manastir 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4,7 Đurđevi Stupovi
M anastir Sv. 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4,1 Trojice
Husein Pašina 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4,7 džamija
Careva 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4,4 džamija - Plav
Srednja 4,64 4,4 4,68 4,4 4,0 4,16 4,52 4,4
vrijednost
Sakralni objekti u Crnoj Gori su prepoznati Religious buildings in Montenegro have sa aspekta turizma kao značajan resurs been identified as an important resource for za njegov razvoj. Ipak, od ukupnog broj development of tourism. However, only 25 sakralnih objekata (207), samo 25 se religious buildings of the total number of 207 uspješno ili relativno uspješno turistički are successfully or relatively successfully valued valorizuje. Na Primorju i Cetinju nalazi se from the aspect of tourism. The coastal area and 15 sakralnih objekata koji su se pokazali the town of Cetinje contain 15 religious buildings kao turistički atraktivni i podobni za which have proved to be attractive for tourists and proces turističkog valorizovanja. Najviše appropriate for the process of tourist evaluation. ocjene (5,0) dobili su Cetinjski manastir i Highest marks (5.0) were given to the Cetinje katedrala Sv. Tripuna u Kotoru, a veoma monastery and the Cathedral of St.Tryphon visoke ocjene dobili su manastir Savina, in Kotor, whereas very high grades were given crkva sv. Ivana i sv. Trojice u budvanskom to Savina monastery, Church of St. Ivan and St. starom gradu i Ćipur na Cetinju. Takođe, Trinity church in Budva’s Old Town, as well as visok nivo turističke valorizacije pokazao Ćipur in Cetinje. Likewise, Monastery of Reževići je paštrovski manastir Reževići. has been granted a high level of tourist evaluation. U kontinentalnom dijelu kao izuzetan As for the continental part, Ostrog Monastery resurs za razvoj kulturnog turizma has proven as an excellent resource for the pokazao se manastir Ostrog i dobio najvišu development of cultural tourism, with the highest ocjenu u ovom dijelu Crne Gore (4,8). score in this part of Montenegro (4.8), followed Slijedi manastir Morača (4,7), Đurđevi by Morača Monastery (4.7), Tracts of St.George stupovi u Beranama (4,7) i Husein Pašina Monastery in Berane (4.7) and Husein Pasha džamija(4,7). Mosque (4.7).
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ZAKLJUČAK CONCLUSION
Sakralni objekti na teritoriji Crne Gore Religious buildings in Montenegro act as predstavljaju veoma važne spomenike highly important cultural monuments. kulture. Sagledani kao duhovni centri, is- Perceived as spiritual centres, historical and torijska i kulturna jezgra minulih epoha, cultural cores of bygone eras, they carry posjeduju izrazitu evokativnu vrijednost. distinct evocative value. In addition, due Osim toga, zbog ljepote i ambijentalne to their beauty and incorporation into the uklopljenosti, ističu se estetskim vrijed- ambience, their aesthetic value and meaning nostima i značenjem. Edukativnost sakral- clearly makes them stand out. Educational nih lokaliteta doprinosi njihovoj visokoj function of religious sites contributes to their vrijednosnoj pozicioniranosti kao resursa high positioning of as a resource of cultural kulturnog i vjerskog turizma. and religious tourism. Zahvaljujući kvalitativno-kvantitativnoj Thanks to the qualitative and quantitative analizi utvrđeno je da bi se sakralni objekti analysis, it was found that the religious u Crnoj Gori mogli relativno lako inkorpo- buildings in Montenegro could relatively rirati u turistički proizvod. easily be incorporated into assets of tourism. S obzirom na zbirnu ocjenu, vrednovani Given their cumulative score, evaluated resources reursi pokazuju da se bez velikih ulaganja have shown that they can be incorporated into a mogu odmah staviti u turističku upotrebu. tourist offer without major investments. Mean Srednje vrijednosti elemenata valorizacije values of evaluation elements point to somewhat ukazuju na nešto niže ocjene neporedne lower marks regarding their vicinity to tourist blizine turističko-ugostiteljskih objekata. establishments. Likewise, lower-than-average Takođe, nižu od prosječne ima zbirna oc- cumulative score was noted with respect to jena komplementarnih turističkih sadržaja complementary tourist facilities near the religious u blizini sakralnih objekata. Kako je riječ buildings. As this is a general assessment, analysis o generalnoj ocjeni, analiza svakog objekta of each building or facility, as a part of careful u pažljivom planiranju razvoja kulturnog i planning of the development of cultural and vjerskog turizma, doprinijela bi povećanju religious tourism would contribute to the increase navedenog segmenta valorizacije. Visoke of the given evaluation segment. High aggregate zbirne ocjene položaja sakralnih objekata, marks for position of religious buildings, ambient ambijenta i pristupačnosti ohrabrujući su and accessibility represent encouraging data for podaci za postavljanje osnove efikasnijeg laying the foundation of efficient development of razvoja ovih selektivnih turističkih grana. these selective branches of tourism.
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STUDIJE STUDIES:
1. Alati za razvoj kulturnog turizma, Razvoj 1. Tools for Development of Cultural Tour- potencijala kulturnog turizma u Hrvatskoj ism, Development of Cultural Tourism Poten- 2008. tial in Croatia) 2008. 2. Izveštaj o stanju kulturne baštine Minis- 2. Report on the Cultural Heritage of the Min- tarstva kulture Crne Gore, 2005. istry of Culture of Montenegro), 2005. .
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