Surveys in Differential Geometry XIV
The universal properties of Teichm¨uller spaces
Vladimir Markovic and Dragomir Sari´ˇ c
Abstract. We discuss universal properties of general Teichm¨uller spaces. Our topics include the Teichm¨uller metric and Kobayashi metric, extremality and unique extremality of quasiconformal map- pings, biholomorphic maps between Teichm¨uller space, earthquakes and Thurston boundary.
1. Introduction Today, Teichm¨uller theory is a substantial area of mathematics that has interactions with many other subjects. The bulk of this theory is focused on studying Teichm¨uller spaces of finite type Riemann surfaces. In this article we survey the theory that investigates all Teichm¨uller spaces regardless of their dimension. We aim to present theorems (old and recent) that illustrate universal properties of Teichm¨uller spaces. Teichm¨uller spaces of finite type Riemann surfaces are finite-dimensional complex manifolds with rich geometric structures. Teichm¨uller spaces of infi- nite type Riemann surfaces are infinite-dimensional Banach manifolds whose geometry differs significantly from the finite case. However, some statements hold for both finite and infinite cases. The intent is to describe these uni- versal properties of all Teichm¨uller spaces and to point out to differences between finite and infinite cases when these are well understood. The following is a brief list of topics covered. In the second section we briefly introduce quasiconformal maps and mention their basic properties. Then we proceed to give the analytic definition of Teichm¨uller spaces, regard- less whether the underlying Riemann surface is of finite or infinite type. Then we define the Teichm¨uller metric and introduce the complex struc- ture on Teichm¨uller spaces. We discuss the Kobayashi metric, the tangent
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30F60. Key words and phrases. universal Teichm¨uller space, quasiconformal maps, quasisym- metric maps, extremal maps, biholomorphic maps, earthquakes, Thurston’s boundary. The second author was partially supported by PSC-CUNY grant PSCREG-39-386.