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Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance

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Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF GUYANA FINAL REPORT MARCH 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech ARD, through a Task Order under the Analytical Services III Indefinite Quantity Contract Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-12-00016. This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech ARD Tetra Tech ARD Contact: 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Kelly Kimball, Project Manager Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Tel: (802) 658-3890 ext. 2308 Telephone: (802) 658-3890 Email: [email protected] Fax: (802) 658-4247 DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF GUYANA FINAL REPORT MARCH 2016 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ I ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 1 1.2 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 KEY CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ........................... 4 2.1 CONSENSUS .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 INCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 COMPETITION AND POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY ................................................................................. 8 2.4 RULE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS ................................................................................................. 11 2.5 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIVENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS ................................................................... 14 2.6 DRG CHALLENGE .......................................................................................................................... 16 3.0 KEY POLITICAL ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS .............................................................................. 17 3.1 THE EXECUTIVE ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 THE LEGISLATURE ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 THE JUDICIARY AND LEGAL PROFESSIONALS ................................................................................... 20 3.4 NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................ 21 3.5 SECURITY SERVICES ...................................................................................................................... 22 3.6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.7 POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS ......................................................................... 27 3.8 CIVIL SOCIETY ............................................................................................................................... 30 3.9 MEDIA .......................................................................................................................................... 31 3.10 PRIVATE SECTOR........................................................................................................................... 33 3.11 KEY POPULATION GROUPS ............................................................................................................. 34 3.12 INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL ACTORS ............................................................................................ 37 4.0 OPERATIONAL AND PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 39 4.1 BROADER FOREIGN POLICY AND USAID DEVELOPMENT INTERESTS ................................................ 39 4.2 USAID’S CURRENT DRG PROGRAM .............................................................................................. 40 4.3 OTHER USAID AND U.S. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ................................................... 40 4.4 USAID RESOURCES AND INTENTIONS ............................................................................................. 41 4.5 DONOR COORDINATION .................................................................................................................. 41 4.6 PRACTICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE RECIPIENT SIDE ......................................................................... 42 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USAID DRG STRATEGY AND PROGRAM ............................... 44 5.1 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................................ 44 5.2 DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVE ......................................................... 46 5.3 DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS .......................................................................................................... 46 5.4 PRIORITY SUBSECTORS ................................................................................................................. 46 5.4.1 Near-Term Critical Processes and Actors to Support ....................................................... 47 5.4.2 Medium- to Long-Term Important Processes and Actors to Support ............................... 47 5.5 ILLUSTRATIVE ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................... 47 5.5.1 Support Constitutional Reforms ........................................................................................ 47 5.5.2 Strengthen Checks and Balances ..................................................................................... 48 5.5.3 Strengthen Local Governance .......................................................................................... 49 5.6 GENDER CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................ 50 5.7 SEQUENCING ................................................................................................................................. 51 ANNEX 1: INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................................ 53 DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF GUYANA i ANNEX 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 65 ANNEX 3: HISTORICAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 72 ii DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF GUYANA ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABCE America, Great Britain, Canada, and the European Union AFC Alliance for Change AG Attorney General APNU A Partnership for National Unity BBC British Broadcasting Commission CAC Child Advocacy Center CANU Customs Anti-Narcotic Unit CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market CBSI Caribbean Basin Security Initiative CSO Civil Society Organization DCHA Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance DEA Drug Enforcement Agency DFID Department for International Development (UK) DO Development Objective DOJ Department of Justice DRG Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance DSL Digital Subscriber Line EDC Educational Development Center EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EPP Elections and Political Processes ERC Ethnic Relations Commission ESC Eastern and Southern Caribbean EU European Union FAC Foreign Affairs Canada FBO Faith-Based Organizations FY Fiscal Year DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF GUYANA iii GAP Guyana Action Party GBA Guyana Bar Association GBV Gender Based Violence GDF Guyana Defense Force GDP Gross Domestic Product GECOM Guyana Elections Commission GGDMA Guyana Gold and Diamond Miners Association GGMC Guyana Geology and Mines Commission GHRA Guyana Human Rights Association GNBA Guyana National Broadcasting Authority GoG Government of Guyana GPA Guyana Press Association GPF Guyana Police Force GT&T Guyana Telephone and Telegraph HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Auto-Immune Deficiency Syndrome IDB Inter-American Development Bank IMC Interim Management Committee INL Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement IOM International Organization for Migration IRI International Republican Institute LAPOP Latin American Public Opinion Project LEAD Leadership and Democracy Project LGBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MMU Media Monitoring Unit MP Member of Parliament
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