Land Use and Water Use in the Antelope Valley, California
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LAND USE AND WATER USE IN THE ANTELOPE VALLEY, CALIFORNIA By WILLIAM E. TEMPLIN, STEVEN P. PHILLIPS, DANIEL E. CHERRY, MYRNA L DeBORTOLI, and OTHERS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 94-4208 Prepared in cooperation with the ANTELOPE VALLEY WATER GROUP I C-J Sacramento, California 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For sale by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center Open-File Reports Section Box 25286, MS 517 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For additional information write to: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Federal Building, Room W-2233 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento, CA 95825 CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................................ 1 Purpose and Scope ....................................................... 2 Previous Studies ......................................................... 3 Acknowledgments ........................................................ 3 Description of Study Area ...................................................... 4 Land Use by Templin W.E., Cherry, D.E., Haltom, T.C., and McPherson, K.R. ................. 6 Land-Use Classification for National Resource Appraisal, U.S. Geological Survey ........... 10 Land-Use Classification for Statewide Planning, California Department of Water Resources .... 10 Land-Use Classification for Documenting Changes of Prime Farmland to Urban Use, California Department of Conservation, Farmland Mapping Program .................. 12 Land-use Classification for Regional Planning, Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning ...................................................... 13 Water Use by Templin, W.E., Cherry, D.E., Phillips, S.P., and Haltom, T.C. ................... 14 Water Supply ........................................................... 15 Ground-Water Supply ................................................. 17 Surface-Water Supply ................................................. 26 Local Surface-Water Resources ...................................... 26 Imported Surface-Water Supplies ..................................... 28 Reclaimed Wastewater Supply ........................................... 30 Water Demand .......................................................... 35 Public Supplied ...................................................... 35 Self Supplied ....................................................... 38 Water-Demand Forecasts by Templin, W.E., Mrozek, C.A., and Phillips, S.P. .............. 40 Forecasts by Other Agencies ............................................ 42 MAIN System Forecasts ............................................... 43 Disaggregated Factor Forecasts ........................................... 52 Forecasts for Military Installations ........................................ 57 Data-Base Development and Annual Update Procedure .................................. 62 Water-Resources Management Considerations ......................................... 63 Summary and Conclusions ...................................................... 64 References Cited ............................................................ 64 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of the Antelope Valley, California ............................ 4 2. Graph showing annual precipitation for the Leona Valley, Palmdale, and Lancaster in the Antelope Valley .......................................... 5 3. Graph showing population trends and projections for the Antelope Valley, 1960-2020 ........ 6 4. Map showing land use in the Antelope Valley, 1973-77 ............................. 8 5. Map showing land use by crop type in the Antelope Valley for 1987 and 1992 ............. 10 6. Graph showing surveyed, estimated, and projected land use for irrigated acreage for selected years, Antelope Valley ............................................ 12 7. Map showing land use in the Antelope Valley for 1984 and 1990 ..................... 13 8. Graph showing total water supplies for the Antelope Valley for 1947-91 from the data base developed for this study ............................................. 17 9. Graph showing historical published estimates of ground-water pumpage for the Antelope Valley ...................................................... 19 Contents III 10. Graph showing ground-water pumpage from data base developed for this Antelope Valley study, 1947-91 ........................................... 22 11. Map showing locations of wells in the Antelope Valley ............................. 25 12. Map showing water-district boundaries in the Antelope Valley ........................ 27 13. Graph showing surface-water diversions in Antelope Valley reported to the California State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Water Rights, 1947-91 .................. 28 14. Map showing locations of surface-water reservoirs and other selected water bodies in the Antelope Valley ...................................................... 30 15-19. Graphs showing: 15. Imported water supplies for the Antelope Valley ........................... 32 16. Wastewater influent and reuse in the Antelope Valley ....................... 33 17. Annual withdrawals, by source, and seasonal water deliveries, by month, to meet demands for the Palmdale Water District .............................. 39 18. Historical and predicted alfalfa acreages and historical electrical costs in the Antelope Valley ................................................ 41 19. Water-demand projections for the Antelope Valley made in 1980 and 1990 to the year 2020 .................................................... 42 TABLES 1. Irrigated and nonirrigated land use by year and crop type .............................. 7 2. Water supplies and demands in the Antelope Valley, with historical and recent projections to 2020 ...................................................... 16 3. Selected water-use information by water supplier and water-supply sources summarized from data bases created for Antelope Valley, 1989-91 ................................. 18 4. Estimates of annual ground-water pumpage in the Antelope Valley, 1919-91 ................ 20 5. Capacities and locations of surface-water reservoirs in the Antelope Valley ................. 29 6. Entitlements and actual deliveries of water imported to the Antelope Valley from the California Aqueduct ..................................................... 31 7. Wastewater influents and reclaimed wastewater use, 1989-91 ........................... 34 8. Public-supplied and self-supplied water demands in Antelope Valley by water supplier and source, 1989-91 ........................................................ 36 9. Irrigation water use and irrigated acreage in the Antelope Valley, 1989 .................... 40 10. Data requirements for the MWD_MAIN base year 1980 ............................... 44 11. Data requirements by forecast method for MWD_MAIN forecast years 1984, 1987, 1990, 2000, and 2010 for Lancaster and Palmdale ..................................... 48 12. Water-demand forecast for the Antelope Valley and the cities of Lancaster and Palmdale, 1980 to 2010 .......................................................... 52 13. Employment data for the Antelope Valley by Standard Industrial Code .................... 53 14. Median income distribution for the Antelope Valley .................................. 58 15. Housing statistics for single-family housing in the Antelope Valley ....................... 59 16. Housing statistics for multifamily housing in the Antelope Valley ........................ 60 17. Antelope Valley population projections as reported by various agencies .................... 61 18. Water-use information for public water suppliers in Antelope Valley by water-supply sources, 1946-92 ........................................................ 67 19. Water-use information for self-supplied water users in Antelope Valley by water-supply sources, 1946-92 .............................................. 76 IV Contents CONVERSION FACTORS AND VERTICAL DATUM Conversion Factors Multiply By To obtain acre 0.4047 hectare acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,234 cubic meter acre-foot per year (acre-ft/yr) 1,234 cubic meter per year acre-foot per acre (acre-ft/acre) 3,048 cubic meter per hectare foot (ft) 0.3048 meter gallon (gal) 3.785 liter gallon per day (gal/d) 0.003785 cubic meter per day inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare 2.590 square kilometer Temperature is given in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), which can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by the following equation: Temp °C = 5/9 (°F)-32. Vertical Datum Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. Conversion Factors and Vertical Datum V LAND USE AND WATER USE IN THE ANTELOPE VALLEY, CALIFORNIA By William E. Templin, Steven P. Phillips, Daniel E. Cherry, Myrna L. DeBortoli, and others Abstract 1992-93 to identify present and historical land and water uses. In 1993, preliminary forecasts Urban land use and water use in the for total water demand by 2010 ranged