The Heartbeat of High Power Ampegon Solutions: Systems in Use Release Date 2006 Date Release

P [kW] Pulsed Operation Continous Wave Operation 1000010000

ICRH Amplifi er Hadron Therapy Amplifi er

10001000 Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Long Wave Long Wave Transmitters Transmitters Klystron Amplifi er

IOT Amplifi er Broadcatst Broadcatst 100 100 Short Wave Transmitters Medium Wave Broadcast Transmitters Broadcast Medium Wave

10 10 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Ampegon RF Amplifer Solutions f [MHz] ICRH: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating, ECRH: Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating.

I [A] Pulsed Operation Continous Wave Operation 10000 Wendelstein 7-X Klystron Modulator Case Study 1000 LHCD Klystron Supply Tetrode Power Supply Gyrotron Power Supply NBI Power Supply

100

Klystron Power Supply 10

IOT Power Supply 1

Klystron Anode Modulator

0.1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Ampegon HVPS Solutions LHCD: Lower Hybrid Current Drive, NBI: Neutral Beam Injection.

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AmpeAmpegongon | WWendelsteinendelsteeiinn 7 7-X-X Wendelstein 7-X | Ampegon Wendelstein 7-X Deep within the Wendelstein 7-X research center, high voltage power sources from Ampegon are helping to pave the way for a brighter future

Since 1983, Ampegon designs and delivers flexible, center in the world investigating both types of expe- New Approach for W7-X at IPP Greifswald A new Peak in the Application of the PSM Technology reliable and scalable HVPS and RF amplifiers systems riment. This allows direct comparison. The research W7-X design calls for several types of heating Ampegon PSM technology makes consequent use of to fusion research facilities around the world. The conducted at IPP is concerned with investigating the systems with high output power and high demand for system redundancy. This and the equal loading of all Ampegon systems provide the power for the plasma physical basis of a plant. accuracy and multi-configurability. The three heating modules, results in low component stress and high heating systems, such as Electron Cyclotron Reso- systems include: component lifetime. The use of Ampegon PSM tech- nance Heating (ECRH), Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating For this purpose IPP is conducting at Garching the nology enables a considerable reduction of energy (ICRH) and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI). ASDEX upgrade project, a large-scale experiment • An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating System and operating costs as compared to other modulation of the type. At its Greifswald Branch, IPP is (ECRH) with totally 10 MW output continuous wave techniques. With a high efficiency of better than 97 %, A main goal of fusion research is to demonstrate the building the so-called Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stella- (cw) with 10 tubes (gyrotrons) and high power factor, Ampegon PSM systems make viability of the generation of long-term, safe and en- rator. This project will test a magnetic field optimized • A neutral beam injection (NBI) with a pulsed output an important contribution to environmentally benign vironmentally benign energy through nuclear fusion. to overcome the difficulties of previous power of up to 3 MW per accelerator and up to 100 and cost-efficient operation. Fusion is a particularly attractive energy solution as concepts. The quality of plasma equilibrium and short circuits per in conditioning mode it uses fuels that are abundant and available around confinement will be comparable to that of a tokamak. • An ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) with a For the W7-X project, Ampegon designed three HVPS the globe. The primary fuel for fusion is an ionized, The predecessor of W7-X, Wendelstein 7-AS (1988 – pulsed output power of 2 MW per RF amplifier systems for NBI and ECRH, rated 0 – 130 kV, 50 A cw low-density gas – a plasma – composed of 2002), was the first experiment of the new generation and 0 – 130 kV, 130 A pulsed. The fourth system was and . To induce fusion, the plasma must be hea- of «advanced » and put this concept for A special challenge was posed by the system spe- designed for ICRH or ECRH with a rating of 0 – 65 kV, ted to an ignition temperature of 100 million degrees. an improved magnetic field to the first test. W7-X, the cifications, which called for a single power supply 100 A cw or 0 – 65 kV, 160 A pulsed. Since any contact with the walls of the heating vessel further developed follow-up device, is now to demons- for all three heating systems. To meet these speci- would cool down the plasma, magnetic fields are ap- trate the reactor relevance of the new stellarators. fications, Ampegon designed universal high volta- Since not all the heating systems are in operation plied to confine and thermally insulate the plasma and ge power sources with a total of 26 MW electrical simultaneously, it did not make sense to use indivi- keep it away from the vessel walls. ASDEX Project at IPP Garching power in continuous wave operation and 52 MW in dual power supplies for each system. The proposed For the ICRH program at the Garching ASDEX tokamak, pulsed operation. The Ampegon HVPS systems are solution provides high flexibility and comprises two Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) is a phy- Ampegon delivered two RF amplifier systems with based on the Ampegon patented pulse step modula- different switched mode power supplies, each able to sics institute concerned with investigating the physical 1.5MW each. These were taken into operation in 1985. tor (PSM). Thanks to the modular design of the basic supply two different load types. To allow an optimum principles underlying a nuclear fusion power plant, In 1986, IPP Garching ordered four more units from PSM technology, the HVPS systems are adaptable flexibility for different output voltage levels, the power which – like the sun – will produce energy from the fu- Ampegon with 2 MW each for their new ASDEX-UP- to meet practically any customer specification and supplies were designed for series connected opera- sion of light atomic nuclei. With its workforce of approx. GRADE project. The upgrade in power and frequency need. Unique features of the PSM include crow- tion, thus providing continuously variable voltages 1100, IPP is one of the largest fusion research centers range resulted in a complete re-engineering of the barless operation, short-circuit switching-off time of between 5 kV and 130 kV in both polarities. in Europe. Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics is amplifier stages. Two of the amplifiers were also used less than 5 µs, and a typical short-circuit energy of associated with the European Fusion Program and the for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-AS. less than 5 Joules. Milestone in HVPS Technology Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. The power supplies implemented for this project The IPP has two sites: Garching (founded 1960) and exceed the output voltage, current and power of all Greifswald (founded 1994). Technical Specifications RF Amplifier Systems for ASDEX Tokamak such systems taken into operation so far and repre- Project sent a new peak in the application of this technology. Wendelstein 7-X experiment currently in implemen- Output Power 1.5 MW tation at the Greifswald Branch of IPP intends to Frequency 30 – 80 MHz The total cw power of one supply could be driven up demonstrate that nuclear fusion devices of the stella- VSWR 1.0 to 6.5 MW per module. The output voltage is with rator type are suitable for power plants. IPP selected Output Power linearly derated to 1.0 MW 130 kV the highest ever done with this technique. Ampegon’s high voltage power supplies to provide the The output current of 50 A continuous wave and up Frequency 80 – 115 MHz power for the plasma heating systems based on their to 160 A in pulsed operation, the modular design high flexibility, reliability, highest performance and VSWR 1.0 and the highly flexible controller makes this tech- long lifetime. Pulse Duration 10 sec. nique attractive for practically any high voltage high Average Power 50 kW power application having high demands on dynamic On its way to a power plant fusion, research is con- behavior.

centrating on two different types of experiment: the Technical Specifications RF Amplifier Systems for ASDEX-UP- tokamak and the stellarator. Most of the devices in GRADE Project An important project milestone was reached begin-

the world today are of the tokamak type, which is Output Power 2.0 MW ning 2004 when Ampegon handed over the four best investigated and comes closest to the ignition systems. This opened the door at Greifswald to the Frequency 30 – 80 MHz conditions. Both types feature ring-shaped magne- begin of extensive gyrotron testing. tic fields. produce part of these fields by VSWR 1.5 means of an electric current flowing in the plasma. Output Power linearly derated to 1.0 MW In 2016 Ampegon has again been contracted for two Stellarators, on the other hand, form the magnetic Frequency 80 - 120 MHz additional high voltage power sources and the up-

field cage solely by means of external coils. Stel- VSWR 1.5 grade of the existing four systems with Ampegon’s larators are thus suitable for continuous operation, PSM Transformer Arrangement | The PSM transfor- advanced UCS control system. The temperature Pulse Duration 10 sec. whereas tokamaks without auxiliary facilities can mer provides the AC power to each PSM module and energy-state of the resulting plasmas will be only work in pulsed mode. IPP is the only fusion Average Power 60 kW in the switching module assembly of the HVPS units. improved by the increased power output.

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