APPENDIX 10.2

South Sebastopol

Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

July 2014

Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Limited Merchants House, Wapping Road, Bristol BS1 4RW , www.watermangroup.com

South Sebastopol

Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

Client Name: Taylor Wimpey Document Reference: EED13247_103_S_1_1_4_SP Project Number: EED13247-103

Quality Assurance – Approval Status

This document has been prepared and checked in accordance with Waterman Group’s IMS (BS EN ISO 9001: 2008, BS EN ISO 14001: 2004 and BS OHSAS 18001:2007 )

Issue Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by First July 2014 Susana Parker Andrew Burn Colin Pill Senior Heritage Consultant Senior Heritage Consultant Associate Director

Comments

Disclaimer

This report has been prepared by Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Ltd, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporation of our General Terms and Condition of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to us by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at its own risk.

Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Site Location and Description ...... 3 3. Archaeological Background ...... 4 4. Specification for Archaeological Investigation ...... 6 5. Methodology ...... 8 6. Recording Systems ...... 12 7. Finds and Samples ...... 13 8. Investigation - Monitoring and Access ...... 15 9. Health and Safety...... 16 10. Post–Excavation and Reporting ...... 17 11. Archiving ...... 19 12. Dissemination of Results ...... 20 13. Requirements of the Archaeological Contractor ...... 21

Figures Figure 1: Site Plan showing location of HER records Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

Appendices A. Standard Requirements B. Glamorgan- Archaeological Trust. 2001. Baseline Assessment, South Sebastopol C. Waterman Transport and Development Ltd. 2011. South-Sebastopol - Heritage Desk-based Assessment D. Waterman Energy Environment and Design Ltd. 2013. South-Sebastopol - Heritage Desk- based Assessment

South Sebastopol Contents Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

1. Introduction

1.1. This outline specification for archaeological mitigation has been prepared by Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Ltd (Waterman EED) on behalf of Taylor Wimpey (hereafter referred to as the ‘Applicant’), in response to condition 38 in planning appeal reference APP/V6945/A/12/2173181, as follows: “38. Prior to the commencement of development, a written scheme of investigation in respect of the archaeological features on the site shall be submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority. The approved investigation shall be implemented prior to the commencement of development on any development phase, infrastructure scheme or strategic landscaping area, and the developer shall afford access at all reasonable times during construction to a nominated archaeologist for the purpose of observing the excavations and recording items of interest and finds. This parcel of land (hereafter referred to as the ‘Site’) covers an area of approximately 3.5 hectares (ha) and is located within the administrative boundary of County Council (MCC)”. 1.2. The appeal was made under section 78 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 against a refusal to grant outline planning permission. The application reference 01/P/05525, dated 11 June 2001 and refreshed on 24 January 2011, was refused by notice dated 27 September 2011. 1.3. The proposed development (hereafter referred to as the ‘Development’) will result in the residential development (1200 dwellings approximately) and ancillary retail and community development, landscaping and highways. 1.4. The Site has been the subject of a number of previous desk-based assessments, namely:  RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement (includes original baseline study by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) included in Appendix B)  Austin, D., 2003. An initial assessment of the historic environment and cultural landscape of the South Sebastopol site  Waterman Transport & Development Ltd, November 2010. South Sebastopol – Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Desk-based Assessment (included in Appendix C)  Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd, December 2013. South Sebastopol – Heritage Desk-based Assessment  Waterman Transport & Development Ltd, April 2014. South Sebastopol – Environmental Statement 1.5. This outline written scheme of investigation takes the previous desk-based assessment studies into consideration, as well as a number of other documents which have since emerged in relation to the appeal, including:  Booth, E A (The Conservation Studio), December 2012. Section 78 Appeal – Residential Development and Ancillary Retail and Community Development, Landscaping and Highways (1200 dwellings approx.) – Land West of Drive, South Sebastopol, – Written Statement of Evidence  Smith, J S (Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd), December 2012. Statement of evidence on archaeology and heritage

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1.6. Previous desk-based studies demonstrated potential for the presence of heritage assets within the Site. 1.7. This specification for archaeological investigations presents an outline methodology for the archaeological work required. It also forms the basis for an archaeological contractor to cost the necessary fieldwork and provide supplementary information to this WSI to be agreed with GGAT (predominantly organisation specific documentation: risk assessments, insurances, quality assurances etc.). 1.8. The results of the investigations will need to be subject to suitable post-excavation assessment. The report resulting from the fieldwork will present a digest of information on the character and significance of any buried heritage assets located.

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2. Site Location and Description

2.1. The site is currently located within the boundaries of Torfaen County Borough Council. It was previously in the County of Gwent (1974 – 1996), and before that it belonged to Monmouthshire County, lying for the most part in the parish of Llanfrechfa Upper, with a small part within the parish of United. 2.2. The Site is approximately 102 ha and centred on National Grid Reference co-ordinates ST 29000 97500. 2.3. The Site boundaries are as follows:  West – Golf course/ farmland  East – Avondale Road/ Cwmbran Drive (A4051)  North – Panted/ Sebastopol developed edge (residential)  South – Cwmbran (residential) 2.4. Other than the few farmsteads indicated on Figure 1, the Site is mainly used for agriculture (pasture, with some arable), interspersed by small residential units (which lie beyond the Site boundary, but are encircled by it), with several areas of woodland and mature hedgerows. This use of land reflects the use of land reported in historical maps consulted, with very little change since the 1840 Tithe Map – Figure 2. 2.5. The lanes and public footpaths running through the Site are all shown on the 1840 Tithe Map and may be earlier. There are mature woodland areas and hedgerows including those flanking lanes dividing up the Site. 2.6. The old canal towpath, along the eastern side of the canal, is now tarmacked, and an obvious leisure attraction – during the site visit it was being used for pedestrian access, dog walking, fishing, jogging and cycling.

Topography 2.7. The Site slopes from east to west, with the steeper gradients on the western side of the Site, at between 180 m AOD to 150 m AOD, and flatter areas on the east, at 80 m AOD. 2.8. The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal flows through the centre of the Site, north to south. Another stream flows through the southern half of the Site, and it is culverted under the canal.

Geology 2.9. According to the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England & ) – Solid and Drift – 1:50,000 (sheet 249), the Site is underlain by Morainic Drift over St Maughan's Group Old Red Sandstone Solid geology.

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3. Archaeological Background

3.1. The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area crosses the Site from north to south, and is an asset of high (national) significance. The two related Grade II listed structures within the Site, namely the Canal Tunnel and the Mile Post are assets of medium (regional) significance. 3.2. Other Grade II listed buildings, outside the Site boundary, but in close proximity, are all assets of medium (regional) significance and comprise the following:  Tir-Brychiad House, north of Bevan's Lane;  Wren's Nest Barn, south of Bevan's Lane; and  The Mile Post on the canal tow path immediately north of the Site. 3.3. Non-designated heritage assets within, or in close proximity to the Site of no more than low (local) significance include:  Wren's Nest Cottages;  Wren's Nest Farm;  Grove Park;  Cwmbran House and Gardens;  The "settling tank" feature;  Maes-gwyn Farmhouse;  The Bryn Farm Barn;  The Uplands Farm Barn;  Oaklands Farmhouse; and  The earthwork on field to the north of Oaklands Farm. 3.4. No direct impacts are expected on extant designated assets within the Site, however the setting of these assets would be permanently altered. The setting and fabric of extant designated and non- designated heritage receptors would be safeguarded. The proposals may provide an opportunity to enhance their settings. 3.5. The canal, as suggested in the GGAT desk-based assessment1 will be the subject of prior survey and watching brief on any sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered. 3.6. The "settling-tank" feature will be the subject of an archaeological building recording survey prior to development. 3.7. There are no significant remains of earlier than post-medieval date known within the site area and the records for the surrounding area suggest relatively low archaeological potential. However, the paucity of hitherto recorded remains may reflect the dominance of pasture across the site and the absence of past archaeological investigation. 3.8. Mature woodland areas and hedgerows including those flanking lanes extant field boundaries and footpaths within the Site, are also considered to be of low (local) significance. It is possible to track these wooded areas, footpaths and field boundaries within the Site to at least the mid nineteenth century, however, many of these are likely to be even earlier, and it has been postulated elsewhere2

1 RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement 2 Professor Austin. D, 2003. An initial assessment of the historic environment and cultural landscape of the South Sebastopol site

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that the "enclosed fields whose hedges and walls have a rich complexity, sometimes proclaiming the disciplines of enclosure and improvement from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and sometimes hinting at older, medieval and earlier, organisations of the land, of open fields in the English way or tir coiddllan (in the Welsh way)". These are incorporated, as far as practical, within the masterplan, with minor exceptions to facilitate permeability. However, it is possible that hitherto unknown sub-soil remains of previous occupation exist within the Site, however these are likely to be linked with the historic use of the Site for agricultural purposes, and would be of no more than low (local) significance. Plough damage is expected to have truncated these heritage assets to some extent. 3.9. The Waterman desk-based assessment (Appendix C) recommended that field boundaries, drainage ditches and any other surviving historic earthworks are surveyed in advance of any groundworks, where these will intrude directly on the heritage assets. This would be an English Heritage Level 1 type survey.3 Additionally, all groundworks in these areas should be the subject of an archaeological watching brief aimed at further investigating the evidence of occupation within the Site. This is in line with the original GGAT desk-based assessment recommendations, as well as subsequent recommendations by Waterman, and would serve to supplement the information already gained from the desk-based studies. 3.10. The proposed development would have a direct impact on the earthworks at Oaklands Farm (05231g). It is possible that this earthwork is related to the earthworks on a field to the north of the site, and a part of the now ruined Oaklands Farm. The HER adds that "The field to the north contains earthworks whose character and date cannot be determined with certainty from the surface, but which may be medieval, and since they may form part of the extended Oaklands site, and fall within the corridor, they should be examined in advance of any groundworks". 3.11. The earthwork / field boundary at Oaklands will be the subject of an archaeological evaluation, as follows: 1) a survey of the Site involving producing an analytical earthwork survey of the asset to a level sufficient to record the significance of the feature, such as an English Heritage Level 34. This allows for the preservation by record of these heritage assets in advance of development; and 2) archaeological monitoring of all ground works, in this area ensuring that suitable contingency arrangements are made to provide sufficient time and resources to appropriately investigate and record any further archaeological heritage assets revealed by the ground works.

3 English Heritage. 2007. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes – A guide to good recording practice 4 English Heritage. 2007. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes – A guide to good recording practice

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4. Specification for Archaeological Investigation

4.1. Taking previous desk-based assessments of the Site into consideration, it was concluded that the Site has low potential for the survival of buried heritage (archaeological) assets pre-dating the post- medieval field boundaries, and earthworks. 4.2. However, the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area crosses the Site from north to south, and Site includes within its boundaries two associated designated assets, namely the Canal Tunnel and the Mile Post. Additionally, there is evidence of continuity of land use patterns from post- medieval (and possibly medieval) times onwards. The Site therefore retains known historic assets and the potential for hitherto unknown buried heritage (archaeological) assets to be recovered, particularly during any groundworks on the Site. 4.3. In line with the recommendations in the GGAT and Waterman desk-based assessments, field boundaries, drainage ditches and any other extant historic earthworks will be surveyed in advance of any groundworks. Additionally, all ground disturbing work in the areas of the Canal, Settling-tank and Oaklands earthwork (e.g. landscaping, foundations and services runs) should be the subject of an archaeological watching brief aimed at further investigating the possibility of evidence of occupation and use. 4.4. The archaeological survey and watching brief will be undertaken by an archaeological contractor. The archaeological survey will consist of a topographical survey, and a photographic record of extant earthworks surveyed (both according to the methodology described in Section 5 below). 4.5. All soil stripping, for landscaping and foundations, as well as other ground disturbing groundworks (e.g. service trenches) within the three areas of interest, as well as in areas where field boundaries will be disturbed by the Development will be the subject of an archaeological watching brief, whereby such works will be monitored by an appropriately qualified archaeologist. Where appropriate, the archaeologist will have the authority to halt work for sufficient time to enable an archaeological record to be made in accordance with the guidelines contained within the IfA current Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs. Should significant archaeological deposits be revealed elsewhere during the archaeological watching brief, the deposits will be archaeologically sampled and recorded in accordance with the methodology for recording as described in section 5. 4.6. The sections below present a methodology for the required work. They also form the basis for an archaeological contractor to cost the necessary fieldwork and submit additional information (e.g. organisation specific details) to GGAT to supplement this WSI as necessary. 4.7. The specific objectives of this programme of archaeological work are to:  to identify all archaeological remains revealed during the course of ground disturbance within the affected area;  to ensure the preservation by record of all archaeological remains revealed during the course of this ground disturbance;  to prepare an appropriate archaeological archive of the site including the treatment and preservation of any finds; and  to publish the results of the archaeological programme of work.

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4.8. The fieldwork should be managed by a Member of the Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) and the following guidelines and standards for archaeological fieldwork will be adhered to during the execution of the investigation:  Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) - Code of Conduct (revised April 2010);  IfA - Standard and guidance for excavation (revised October 2008);  IfA – Standard and guidance for an archaeological watching brief (revised October 2008);  English Heritage (EH) - Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Manager’s Guide (2006);  EH - With Alidade and Tape: graphical and plane table survey of archaeological earthworks. Swindon (2002);  EH - Where on Earth are We? The Global Positioning System (GPS) in archaeological field survey (2003);  EH - Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes: A guide to good recording practice (2007);  EH – Centre for Archaeology Guidelines: Archaeometallurgy (2001);  EH – Geoarchaeology: using earth sciences to understand the archaeological record (2008);  EH – Environmental Archaeology: a guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation (2011);  EH – Guidelines for the curation of waterlogged macroscopic plan and invertebrate remains (2008);  EH – Waterlogged wood: guidelines on the recording, sampling, conservation and curation of waterlogged wood (2010);  EH – Waterlogged organic artefacts: guidelines on their recovery analysis and conservation (2012);  Watkinson and Neal, 1998, First Aid for Finds;  Canti, 1996, Guidelines for carrying out assessments in geo-archaeology; and  Starley, 1995, Hammerscale. 4.9. The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust also provide guidance on planning available at http://www.ggat.org.uk/aps/english/archaeological_planningmain.html.

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5. Methodology

Building Recording 5.1. The programme of archaeological works to mitigate the impact of the development on the Canal and Settling-tank will consist of a detailed photographic record. 5.2. The building record should be roughly commensurate with the English Heritage 'Understanding Historic Buildings: a guide to good recording practice' Level 2 (descriptive record) and should include the following elements:  drawings;  photographs; and  written account. 5.3. Before new records are prepared, existing sources of information should be found and examined for their adequacy. Such information may be found in drawings, photographs, published and unpublished accounts. The online catalogues of Glamorgan Archives and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales include reference to some existing records of the building, although the quality, coverage and detail of these has not been checked. These should be consulted as part of the project and any relevant information included in the report. 5.4. Both the exterior and, where accessible, the interior of the structure will be viewed, described and photographed. 5.5. The drawing/s should include plans recording the form and location of architectural / structural features of historic significance or phasing. These may be based on existing architect's plans, appropriately annotated. The minimum drawing requirement is a "sketched plan, section, elevation or detail drawings (if a more thorough drawn record is not made). Sketches may be roughly dimensioned". There may be the necessity to compliment this with one or more other drawings, the content of which can be found in the above referenced English Heritage document as categories 2- 7 (paragraph 4.3.2). 5.6. Photographs should be high quality, detailed and must record all features, details, room spaces and elevations to illustrate the setting, appearance and structure of the building. English Heritage specify the minimum photographic requirements for a level 2 descriptive record as: 5.7. A general view or views of the building (in its wider setting or landscape, if the views noted in 2) below are also adopted; 5.8. The building's external appearance. Typically a series of oblique views will show all external elevations of the building and give an overall impression of its size and shape. Where an individual elevation embodies a complex historical information, views at right angles to the plane of the elevations may also be appropriate; 5.9. The overall appearance of the principal rooms and circulation areas. The approach will be very similar to that outline in 2) above. 5.10. The written account should provide basic background information and any relevant descriptive or historical detail required to complement the photographic record. It should also set the building within

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its local and regional context. English Heritage specify the minimum written requirements for a level 2 descriptive record as:  The building's precise location, as a National Grid reference and in address form;  A note of any statutory designation (listing, scheduling or conservation area). Non-statutory designations (historic parks and garden registers, local lists, etc) may be added;  The date of the record, the name(s) of the recorder(s) and, if an archive has been created, its location; and  A summary of the building's form, function, date and sequence of development, the names of architects, builders, patrons and owners should be given if known. 5.11. Both black-and-white and colour photography should be used, as appropriate. Each printed plate should be clearly labelled with the subject, orientation and the date taken, and for archiving purposes cross-referenced to its negative and/or digital file. If/when utilising digital photography, high resolution images (preferably in .jpeg, RAW and DNG formats, including metadata) must be produced. These should be presented within the report as a hard copy, appropriately captioned, and a compact disc must be included as an archive to accompany the report. 5.12. Further information may be revealed during the course of the recording. The programme of works might need to be co-ordinated so that there is adequate opportunity and time allowed to identify, investigate and record any remains which may be relevant. 5.13. Recording methodology must be in accordance with Institute for Archaeologists guidance. 5.14. The archaeological contractor will ensure that sufficient resource is made available for a resulting archive report. 5.15. The report should specifically include the following:  a copy of the design brief and agreed specification  a site location plan  a plan illustrating the location and direction of photographs  basic background and relevant historical, descriptive or analytical detail  a full bibliography of sources consulted  an archive compact disc.

Analytical Earthwork Survey

Level 15 5.16. “Level 1 is mainly a visual record, supplemented by the minimum of information needed to identify the archaeological site’s location, possible date and type. This is the least complex record, and will typically be undertaken when the aim is to provide essential core information to agreed standards, including structured indexes of the location, period, condition and type of the monument that, typically, would result from rapid field investigation (see The written account, below: Items 1–5),such

5 English Heritage. 2007. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes – A guide to good recording practice

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as assessments of change to the historic environment, historic landscape characterisation, for an initial assessment determining the scope of a project, or whenever resources are limited and much ground has to be covered in a short time. This would be accompanied by a simplified cartographic record, often at 1:10 000,of the location and extent of the site. There should be basic consultation of easily available related information sets: these may include field surveys, records of buildings, archives, aerial and ground photography, geophysical survey, field-walking, excavation records and other local sources. A Level 1 record will typically consist of:  The core monument record  The written account: Items 1–5,and 12  Survey drawings: an annotated 1:10 000 map (either digital or hardcopy), indicating location and extent (Item 13) and a cartographic record (Item 14)”.

Level 36 5.17. “A Level 3 record provides an enhanced and integrated, multi-disciplinary record of an archaeological field monument or landscape, resulting from the process of field investigation. This is often enhanced in one or more ways by additional specialist research or fieldwork such as geophysical survey; aerial survey; field-walking programmes; specialist assessment of artefacts; the analytical recording of standing structures; and excavation. In many cases such enhancements would result from contracted-out arrangements of negotiated partnerships. A distinguishing characteristic of this Level is that the enhancement will be included in the design of the project or task and will form an integrated part of the resulting record and analysis (rather than being simply an information set that has been consulted, or a separate event).Taken to its logical conclusion, this Level extends to an all-inclusive ideal of interdisciplinary investigation. This record will provide a quality of description, interpretation, graphical depiction and analysis beyond the scope of a Level 2 entry. It must include the core monument data. Level 3 investigation will normally be used only for selected monuments, reflecting their importance, or where a specific management/client need has been identified that makes this level of detail appropriate (e.g. threat, Scheduling requirement, research, etc.). An accurately located, measured survey (map-based or divorced) at an appropriate scale(at 1:1 250 or larger),designed to represent adequately the form and complexity of the monument, will always be part of the record; additional documentary and cartographic material may also be generated as part of the detailed recording and analysis. To some extent, Level 3 field investigation may be seen as being open ended, with specifications tailored individually to suit a variety of requirements, but it always demands a detailed descriptive and analytical approach, complemented by an accurate measured survey or surveys. A statement of method, of accuracy and of the quality of investigation and survey will always be included. All related and readily accessible information sets should be consulted at this Level. These may include field surveys, records of buildings, unpublished documents, aerial and ground photography, geophysical survey, field-walking, excavation records and other local sources. A Level 3 record will typically consist of:  the core monument record  the written account: Items 1–12

6 English Heritage. 2007. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes – A guide to good recording practice

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 survey drawings: accurate location of the monument(s) at scales of 1:10 000and 1:2 500  site plan at a scale of 1:2 500 or larger. Items 13–21  ground photography: as appropriate”.

Watching Brief 5.18. All machine work must be completed under archaeological supervision and should cease immediately if buried heritage assets are revealed. 5.19. The machine used should be powerful enough for a clean job of work and able to mound spoil neatly at a safe distance from excavation edges. All spoil should be observed and metal detected for any archaeological finds. 5.20. All excavated features and deposits will be fully recorded and assigned context numbers in accordance with IfA standards and guidance. 5.21. Photographic recording of all features will comprise 35mm monochrome exposures supported by digital images.

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6. Recording Systems

6.1. The recording system applied to any features or finds revealed during the watching brief must be compatible with IfA standards and guidance. The recording system will be based on single context planning. Pro-forma context sheets should include all relevant stratigraphic relationships and for complex stratigraphy a separate matrix diagram should be employed. The following plans and sections are required:  An overall Site plan of the excavated area will be prepared detailing archaeological deposits as well as the extent of the area relative to the National Grid on a 1:2,500 plan;  Sections containing significant deposits, including half sections, should be drawn as appropriate. Section drawings should include heights Ordnance Datum (OD);  All archaeological plans and sections should be on drawing film and at a scale of 1:10 or 1:20 and should include context numbers and OD spot heights for all principal strata and features; and  An adequate photographic record of any significant archaeological remains is required, in both plan and section.

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7. Finds and Samples

7.1. A sufficient sample will be made of archaeological features and deposits at a sufficient level to characterise them. Features such as hearths, burials, surfaces and the key relationships will be investigated in such a way as to minimised unnecessary destruction. 7.2. Any human remains that are encountered will initially be left in situ and reported to the appropriate authorities. Subsequent removal will comply with the relevant Ministry of Justice regulations and current archaeological best-practice. 7.3. All finds of gold and silver, or hoards of prehistoric metals will be moved to a safe place and reported to the coroner's office according to the procedures relating to the Treasure Act 1996. Where removal cannot be completed on the same working day as the discovery, suitable security measures will be taken to protect the artefacts from theft or damage. 7.4. Suitable contexts will be subjected to environmental sampling at an appropriate scale. This work will meet the minimum standards recommended by GGAT. Decisions regarding which contexts are suitable for environmental sampling will be made through consultation with Waterman EED and GGAT on Site, and with a Cadw advisor if considered necessary following these discussions. 7.5. The archaeological contractor will submit as a supplement to this WSI for the investigations, a strategy for palaeo-environmental sampling on the Site, and for processing and analysis of samples. This work should accord with the minimum standard guidance provided by EH and the IfA. The archaeological contractor shall carry out an assessment of the palaeo-environmental potential of the Site and shall submit this assessment in concise form in writing within the full post-excavation assessment report. The archaeological contractor is expected to seek the advice of a palaeo- environmental specialist in this regard. 7.6. All artefactual and ecofactual remains, whether stratified or not (including material from spoil tips), will be collected, bagged and labelled. Artefacts will be subject to preliminary study on-site in order to help date excavation contexts. 7.7. Where there is evidence for industrial activity, technological residues (or a sample of them) should be collected by hand. Separate samples (c. 10ml) should be collected for micro-slags (hammer-scale and spherical droplets). 7.8. Samples should be taken for scientific dating (principally radiocarbon dating at the evaluation stage) in specific circumstances, this would apply where dating by artefacts is insecure or absent. It is anticipated that dating of aceramic features and sediments will be required and provision should be included for appropriate dating of deposits within this phase of investigation. 7.9. Deposits should be sampled for retrieval and assessment of the preservation conditions and potential for analysis of all biological remains. The sampling strategy should include a reasoned justification for selection of deposits for sampling, and should be developed in collaboration with a recognised bio-archaeologist. Bulk samples and samples from coarse-sieving from dry deposits should be processed at the time of the fieldwork wherever possible, partly to permit variation of sampling strategies if necessary, but also because processing a backlog of samples at a later stage causes delays.

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7.10. Scientific investigations during evaluation should be undertaken in a manner broadly consistent with English Heritage (EH) - Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Manager’s Guide (2006). 7.11. All finds and samples are to be treated in a proper manner to prevent deterioration. This will involve cleaning and conservation where necessary and labelling, cataloguing and secure storage in appropriate containers. 7.12. The archaeological contractor will need to demonstrate that arrangements are in hand to cover all necessary processing, conservation and specialist analysis of finds and samples, including if necessary the conservation or organic and composite materials and dendrochronological and environmental analysis of samples. 7.13. Every effort should be made to ensure that finds analysis is consistent with existing local systems.

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8. Investigation - Monitoring and Access

8.1. GGAT and Waterman EED will inspect the archaeological works to ensure that they are being conducted to the proper professional standards and in accordance with the agreed method statement. To facilitate this, a projected timetable for Site work will be agreed between Waterman EED, GGAT, the Applicant, and the contracting archaeological organisation. 8.2. Access to the Site will be granted to Waterman EED, their subcontractor, and GGAT and team, who will be monitoring the archaeological work throughout. 8.3. GGAT will be notified of the start of the works giving at least one week’s notice in writing.

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9. Health and Safety

9.1. The contractor shall comply with the requirements of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, 2007 and the Health & Safety at Work Act. The archaeological contractor is advised to prepare a Risk Assessment for the Site in accordance with the organisation’s health and safety policy. Health and safety will take priority over archaeological matters. All archaeologists undertaking fieldwork must comply with all relevant Health and Safety Legislation. In particular, the machine should be kept away from unsupported trench / excavation edges and public access should be restricted. Barriers, hoardings and warning notices should be installed as appropriate. Safety helmets are to be used by all personnel as necessary. 9.2. Available reports and drawings pertaining to ground conditions and services will be provided to the archaeological contractor, however, any further information deemed necessary shall be obtained by the contractor prior to intrusive works commencing. In addition to written records it is expected as a minimum that trenches should be checked and cleared for services using a CAT scanner. The contractor is responsible for any damage and repairs to site services and any associated business interruption. 9.3. Spoil must be kept at a safe distance from the excavation edges, however, the location of the spoil heap/s may be within the Site or spoil may be removed off-site immediately. 9.4. No existing rights of way or accesses should be blocked during the course of Site work. No trees or protected species should be harmed by Site works. Adjacent public roads should be kept free of mud and spoil.

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10. Post–Excavation and Reporting

10.1. Artefacts, biological samples and soils should be assessed for evidence of site formation and taphonomy, and especially for evidence of recent changes that may have been caused by alterations in the site environment. Assessment can include x-radiography of all iron objects, (after initial screening to exclude obviously recent debris), and a selection of non-ferrous artefacts (including all coins), as appropriate. A rapid scan of all excavated material should be undertaken by conservators and finds researchers in collaboration. Material considered vulnerable will be selected for stabilisation after specialist recording. Where intervention is necessary, consideration should be given to possible investigative procedures (e.g. glass composition studies, residues in or on pottery, and mineral-preserved organic material). Once assessed, all material should be packed and stored in optimum conditions. Waterlogged organic materials should be dealt with following the current English Heritage guidelines. 10.2. Samples for dating should be submitted promptly, and prior agreement should be made with the laboratory on turn-around time and report production, so as to ensure that results are available to aid development of specifications for subsequent mitigation strategies. 10.3. Processing of all soil samples collected for biological assessment, or sub-samples of them, should be completed. Bulk and site-riddled samples from dry deposits should have been processed during the excavation, where possible. The preservation state, density and significance of material retrieved should be assessed, following best practice and current English Heritage guidelines. Special consideration should be given to any evidence for recent changes in preservation conditions that may have been caused by alterations in the site environment. Unprocessed sub-samples should be stored in conditions specified by the appropriate specialists. 10.4. Samples collected for geo-archaeological assessment should be collected in accordance with current English Heritage guidance. They should be processed as deemed necessary by the specialist, particularly where storage of unprocessed samples is thought likely to result in deterioration. Appropriate assessment is to be undertaken. Where preservation in situ is a viable option, consideration should be given to the possible effects of compression on the physical integrity of the site and to any hydrological impacts of development. 10.5. Animal bone assemblages, or sub-samples of them, should be assessed by a recognised specialist. 10.6. Assessment of human remains will have been based partly on in situ observation, but where skeletal remains have been lifted assessment should be undertaken by a recognised specialist. 10.7. At least one full week’s notice shall be given of any proposed works involving ground disturbance in order to allow for appropriate monitoring of sampling to take place. 10.8. A post-excavation assessment should also be undertaken immediately after the Site works have been completed. This will be prepared in accordance with the specification given in EH - Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Manager's Guide (2006). It should summarise results to date and include sufficient detail to permit assessment of the potential for detailed analysis of finds and samples. They should include tabulations of data in relation to site phasing and contexts, and include non-technical summaries. The objective presentation of data should be clearly separated from interpretation. Recommendations for further analysis etc. should be made clearly separated from the results and interpretation. Where findings

South Sebastopol 17 Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

of preliminary analysis are not available at the time of reporting, a further review phase should be undertaken once this information becomes available. The purpose of these reviews is to agree with GGAT officers the extent to which further more detailed analysis of samples etc. may be required, and to agree the scope and nature of the final repost and appropriate publication. 10.9. The evaluation report will be submitted to Waterman EED for verification and approval. It will be the property of the Applicant and will represent a confidential document. 10.10. The resultant report should include:  A review of the aims, objectives and methods used in the excavation and watching brief;  A table summarising the descriptive text showing the features, classes and numbers of artefacts and their interpretation;  A narrative and interpretative account of any excavated stratigraphic and structural evidence;  Artefact analysis to include the production of a descriptive catalogue with finds critical for dating and interpretation illustrated;  The report should be illustrated with appropriate material including Site and excavation area plans, sections (1:10), plans of any archaeological features (1:20) and general and detailed photographs;  Any documentary research/historical analysis shall be supported by copies of relevant historic maps and documents such as aerial photographs – all sources consulted shall be cited;  The nature, extent, date, condition and significance of the archaeological and environmental material uncovered with specialist opinions and parallels from other sites in the area;  An interpretation of the results should be produced and attention should be given to the significance of the remains in local, regional and national terms, if appropriate; and  A reconsideration of the methodology used, including a confidence rating of the strategy and the results.

South Sebastopol 18 Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

11. Archiving

11.1. Subject to the legislation of the Treasure Act 1996, any artefacts and ecofacts unearthed from the investigation and all other elements of the Site archive (as defined in the EH’s The Management of Archaeological Projects [1991]) should be deposited by the contractor in the appropriate Area Museum’s Council designated museum. Prior to the commencement of the project, the Archaeological Contractor shall agree arrangements for the eventual deposition of the site archive with any finds from the assessment in Newport Museum and Heritage Service which is the appropriate Area Museums Council designated museum. Responsibility for obtaining the owner(s) permission for deposition of finds shall lie with the Contractor. N.B. deposit fees for archive material may be payable by the developer upon deposit. 11.2. No artefacts or ecofacts from the Site shall be deposited in the relevant depository without the prior written consent of the landowner. Should the land owner be unwilling to deposit the archive, a full photographic and drawn survey will need to be made of all artefacts and elements being withheld. 11.3. The Site archive, which comprises records of the archaeological evaluation and any materials recovered, including written elements, plans and drawings, photographic prints and transparencies (where appropriate) and other primary data recovered during the investigation, must be quantified, ordered, indexed and made internally consistent. It should also contain, as a minimum requirement, a Site matrix, Site summary (a short report giving a preliminary account of the discoveries) and brief written observations on the artefactual and environmental data. 11.4. Work on the Site archive shall be completed by the archaeological contractor within twelve calendar months of completion of the archaeological field investigation. Upon completion of the Site archive the archaeological contractor shall arrange a meeting with GGAT present the archive for inspection prior to its deposition in an appropriate museum. 11.5. All artefacts (e.g. pottery, metalwork, objects in worked flint and stone, wood, bone, horn and leather, slag) and ecofacts (organic finds such as bones, preserved ancient plant remains, seeds, pollen and charcoal, soil samples) recovered during the archaeological investigation will be made available to the contractor pending completion of the excavation report, to be stored during the course of the archaeological investigation at the contractor’s secure offices or usual place of secure storage of archaeological finds. 11.6. All artefacts recovered during the archaeological investigation are to be suitably washed (where the condition of the artefacts allows) and marked by the contractor and all artefacts and ecofacts bagged and boxed by the contractor, in accordance with current best practice and guidelines. All ‘small finds’ will be boxed together, separate from bulk finds. 11.7. In preparing cost estimates for the archaeological investigation, the contractor should include provision for at least a basic minimum level of conservation of finds liable to deterioration after excavation.

South Sebastopol 19 Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

12. Dissemination of Results

12.1. Once finalised, a hard copy of the report will be submitted by the contractor to the local authority case officer (1 copy), the local library or museum (1 copy), and the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust’s Historic Environment Record (1 copy), all within 12 months of the date of completion of the approved programme of fieldwork, unless a revised timescale is agreed in advance with the local planning authority. 12.2. The survey drawings and photographs should be sent to: Archaeological Planning Section, Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL (Tel 01792 655208). They will then be entered into the relevant Historic Environment Record. 12.3. A short précis of the contents of the report should also be made by the archaeological contractor and submitted for publication in the Council for British Archaeology’s Archaeology in Wales. 12.4. In addition, the topographic survey and photographic records of the works will be made available to the National Monuments Record of Wales (hosted by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales - RCAHMW) prior to archiving in order to enable selection of suitable materials for copying for inclusion into the HER. Once submitted, the evaluation report will become a public document. 12.5. Provision will be made for an appropriate level of academic publication of the results of the evaluation within 12 months of the date of submission of the final report. A summary report will be prepared by the contractor and submitted for publication in the relevant local journal. Additional publication requirements will be agreed with GGAT. 12.6. Discharge of the relevant planning condition will only take place following acceptance of the report for publication. Online publication will not be accepted as final publication, unless stated otherwise by GGAT.

South Sebastopol 20 Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

13. Requirements of the Archaeological Contractor

13.1. The archaeological contractor will provide Waterman EED the necessary supplementary information to this WSI for undertaking the investigation, which will be compatible with the requirements of GGAT. This will include for all fieldwork (including sampling and dating strategies) and post-excavation work (including reporting and archiving). 13.2. It will include a brief method statement, resourcing levels and programme/schedule for the works. The archaeological contractor should also provide a brief career profile of the Site supervisor which demonstrates his/her suitability for undertaking the work, normally this will be someone formally recognised by the Institute for Archaeologists. 13.3. A full cost estimate for the fieldwork, post-excavation and archiving should be provided to Waterman EED’s Project Archaeologist.

South Sebastopol 21 Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

FIGURES

Figure 1: Site Plan showing location of HER records

Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

South Sebastopol Figures Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

Energy, Environment & Design

N

Project Details EED13247-100: South Sebastopol

Figure Title Figure 1: Site Plan Showing Location of HER Records

Figure Ref EED13247-100_GR_AR_1A Date December 2013 File Location \\nt-lncs\weedl\projects\eed13247\100\graphics\ar\issued figures

© WATERMAN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & DESIGN Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright, Waterman Energy, Environment & Design, Pickfords Wharf, Clink Street, London SE1 9DG. Licence number 100048868. www.watermangroup.com Energy, Environment & Design

1882 1st edition OS Llantrechfa Upper

1840 Llantrechfa Upper Tithe Map

N Approximate Site Boundary

Project Details EED13247-100: South Sebastopol 1882 1st edition OS Cwmbran

Figure Title Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

Figure Ref EED13247-100_GR_AR_2A Date December 2013 File Location \\nt-lncs\weedl\projects\eed13247\100\graphics\ar\issued figures

© WATERMAN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & DESIGN Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright, Waterman Energy, Environment & Design, Pickfords Wharf, Clink Street, London SE1 9DG. Licence number 100048868. www.watermangroup.com

APPENDICES

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

A. Standard Requirements

General

A1.1 The requirements of the Brief will be met in full where reasonably practicable.

A1.2 Any significant variations to the proposed methodology will be agreed with the Local Authority’s archaeological representative in advance.

A1.3 The scope of work detailed in the main part of the specification is aimed at meeting the aims of the project in a cost-effective manner. Waterman EED attempts to foresee possible site-specific problems and resource these. However there may be unusual circumstances which have not been included in the costing and programme, such as:

 Unavoidable delays due to extreme bad weather;  Vandalism; and  Complex structures or objects, including those in waterlogged conditions, requiring specialist removal.

Health and Safety and Insurance

A1.4 All work will be carried out to the requirements of Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (2007) and any main contractor’s requirements.

A1.5 The archaeological contractor will hold Employers Liability Insurance, Public Liability Insurance and Professional Indemnity Insurance. Details will be supplied on request.

A1.6 Waterman EED and the archaeological contractor will not be liable to indemnify the Client against any compensation or damages for or with respect to:

 Damage to crops being on the Area or Areas of Work (save in so far as possession has not been given to the archaeological contractor);  The use or occupation of land (which has been provided by the Client) by the Project or for the purposes of completing the Project (including consequent loss of crops). Interference whether temporary or permanent with any right of way, light, air or water or other easement or quasi easement which are unavoidable result of the Project in accordance with the Agreement;  Any other damage which is the unavoidable result of the Project (excluding damage to buried services which is the responsibility of the archaeological contractor – see Paragraph 9.2) in accordance with the Agreement; and  Injuries or damage to persons or property resulting from any act or neglect or breach of statutory duty done or committed by the Client or his agents, servants or their contractors (not being employed by Waterman EED) or for or in respect of any claims demands proceedings damages costs charges and expenses in respect thereof or in relation thereto.

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

Copyright and Confidentiality

A1.7 Waterman EED and the archaeological contractor will retain full copyright of any commissioned reports, tender documents or other project documents, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved; excepting that it will provide an exclusive licence to the Client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the WSI.

A1.8 Waterman EED and the archaeological contractor will assign copyright to the Client upon written request but retains the right to be identified as an author of all project documentation and reports as defined in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (Chapter IV. S.79).

A1.9 Waterman EED will advise the Client of any such materials supplied in the course of projects that are not Waterman EED’s or the archaeological contractor’s copyright.

A1.10 Waterman EED undertakes to respect all requirements for confidentiality about the Client’s proposals provided that these are clearly stated. It is expected that such conditions shall not unreasonably impede the satisfactory performance of the services required. Waterman EED further undertake to keep confidential any conclusions about the likely implications of such proposals for the historic environment. It is expected that clients respect Waterman EED’s general ethical obligations not to suppress significant archaeological data for an unreasonable period.

Standards and Procedures

A1.11 Waterman EED and the archaeological contractor shall conform to the standards of professional conduct outlined in the IfA Code of Conduct, the IfA Code of Approved Practice for the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology, the IfA Standards and Guidance for Field Evaluations, Desk Based Assessment, etc. and the British Archaeologists and Developers Liaison Group Code of Practice.

A1.12 Project Supervisors normally will be recognised in an appropriate Area of Competence by the IfA.

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

B. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust. 2001. Baseline Assessment, South Sebastopol

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

1. Baseline survey

1.1 Introduction and scoping

A working group is preparing a Development Framework and Environmental Impact Assessment for the South Sebastopol General Development Area, Torfaen. GGAT Contracts was commissioned to undertake the archaeological component of the study.

The study comprises a review of existing information about the archaeological resource within the study area, as recorded on the regional Sites and Monuments Record, the National Monuments Record, cartographic and documentary sources, published accounts and aerial photographs. Current Listed Building and Scheduled Ancient Monument data was obtained from Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments. A site visit was also undertaken to check on current condition; and a watching brief was maintained on the excavation of 45 geotechnical pits in order to check for the presence of archaeological deposits or artefacts.

The study is intended to conform to the Institute of Field Archaeologists Standards in British Archaeology: Desk-based assessments. Sites have been assigned categories of importance as outlined in paragraph 3.4 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges vol. 11, section 3, part 2 (Cultural Heritage), with the addition of a further category (U) for sites whose current value cannot be assessed and where evaluation is required.

A sites of national importance (e.g. Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings) B sites of regional importance C sites of local importance D sites of low or no importance U sites requiring evaluation to determine value

The effect of the proposal on the archaeological resource has been assessed using the following criteria:

Major Total loss Severe Significant loss, likely to result in a reduction of value of the surviving site Minor Loss unlikely to result in a reduction of value of the surviving site None No identifiable effect Beneficial Site will be better protected or enhanced than if the development did not occur

Effects of operation have not been separately identified; all effects will occur in the construction phase.

1.2 Location and background

South Sebastopol General Development Area lies between Cwmbran and , on the east side of the Mynydd Maen/Mynydd Henllys upland block (centred on ST 285 975), covering an area of 146 ha. It now lies within Torfaen; previously it lay in the county of Gwent (1974-1996) and old Monmouthshire. The area mainly falls within the parish of Llanfrechfa Upper, with a small part within Pontymoile United; in the lordship of Edlogan and the Hundred of Usk. It is currently mainly agricultural land, although it is crossed by a canal and a disused railway line; part is a golf-course.

1 A study area was defined, extending beyond the development area, to include the area ST 270 960- ST 300 990 (thus including Pontnewydd and , Pontrhydyrun, Griffithstown, and the houses along Mountain Road). The boundaries of the development area are defined by the Cwm Bran stream to the southwest, the wooded hillside to the west, Springfield Road and Oaklands Road to the north, and the A4051 to the east.

At the time of the 1840 tithe map, the area was divided into three main farming blocks, Tir- brychiad, Cwmbran House and Maes Gwyn, with smaller units including Wren's Nest, Bryn and Oaklands. The recorded land-use was a mixture of pasture, arable, meadow and woodland, much as today. The modern field pattern is based on that in 1840, although some of the smaller fields have been amalgamated.

1.3 Previous work and landscape development

There has been little previous archaeological fieldwork in the area. Sir Cyril Fox and Lord Raglan examined the old farmhouses in the area (including Oaklands, Maesgwyn and Tir- brychiad) (Fox and Raglan 1954). RCAHMW undertook some building recording in the 1970s during the construction of Upper Cwmbran, and have also created a database of chapels. GGAT undertook a desk-based assessment and subsequent watching brief in the 1990s on the construction of the HP 4 gas pipeline, which runs along the north edge of the development area (Locock 1992; Wilson 1993); the low incidence of finds suggested limited activity in the past. GGAT also undertook an Uplands Initiative survey of Mynydd Maen and Mynydd Henllys, which included the Mountain Road area (Locock 1997).

Historical documentation for the area is sparse. Bradney (1923) provides a short account of the parish, and the demesne lands of Lan-yr-Afon, but was silent on the more general pattern of landholding and land-use. In contrast to the landholding of the Cistercian abbey of Llantarnam, to the south, there is no medieval documentation, and very limited later material: the NLW and GRO hold no estate maps pre-dating the tithe map of 1840. A plan of the proposed canal route was included in the 1792 Monmouthshire Canal Act (reproduced in Byles 1982, 9); although it shows little detail, it does differentiate between enclosed fields (in the area of Tir Brychiad, at the north of the study area) and woodland in the central part. Over the subsequent century, most of the remaining land was enclosed, and buildings were constructed, initially as farm buildings serving outlying blocks of estate land, but by the end of the 19th century as separate farmsteads. There is no Parliamentary Enclosure Award.

In general this lack of information probably reflects a lower level of land-use, until the industrialisation of the area in the late 18th century. As a check, 17th century wills and inventories held at the NLW were examined; those described as 'yeomen' were tenant farmers, having an estate of £30, mainly concentrating on cattle, but with some arable and pigs. Jones's edition of earlier wills includes only one relevant example, from 1597, for William Springett, gentleman, of Llanfyhangell Pont-y-moel, whose property included a 'house and lands in Llanfrechfa parish' (not located) (Jones 1997, 199). The lordship and manor of Edlogan retained its emphasis on pastoral land-use into the 20th century; in 1918, the sale catalogue for Yew Tree Farm on the Mountain Road, to the west of the study area (at ST 296 974), mentions the 'valuable right to pasture cattle on the common of Mynydd Maen' and describes the lower slopes as 'pasture of superior character' (GRO D8/2 Hanbury 0057).

1.4. Identified interests

2 1.4.1 Sites of national importance

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the development area. In the course of the study the Cwmbran Canal tunnel (3263.73g) of the Monmouthshire and Brecon canal was protected as a Listed Building (grade II).

PRN NGR Site name Type Period Description Value 03263.73 ST 2874 Cwmbran Canal Post- Canal tunnel on Monmouthshire A g/ 9736 canal tunnel tunnel medieval and Brecon canal, built c. 1792; sandstone facings, no towpath 85165 (horses would walk over the top while the boats were walked through). Tunnel lies only 10m below surface: would have been a cutting if the canal had been built a little later (Stevens 1974, 68).

Two Listed Buildings lie to the west of the development area (Glyn Bran 103g, Capel-llwyd 113g).

1.4.2 Other sites in the vicinity

PRN NGR Site name Type Period Description Value 00100g/ ST 2838 Oaklands House Post- Small stone farmhouse of Early C 20499 9786 Medieval Renaissance phase of Regional style 2-room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC. Demolished. 00102g ST 2926 Tir Brychiad House Post- One-storey farmhouse with B 9767 Medieval semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds. 00108g/ ST 2831 Maes Gwyn House Post- House of stone rubble with slate C 20298 9725 Medieval roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E. side of house. 05231g ST 285 Oaklands Earthwork Not An earthwork running parallel C 979 Farm Known to the road, to the west of the road, probably a field boundary. 3263g linear Monmouth- Canal Post- Built c. 1792 (Byles 1982, B (C06) shire Canal medieval Stevens 1974). This stretch has been maintained; the towpath is now tarmaced. For most of the length of the study area, runs as a broad channel following the contour, with the towpath on the east (downhill) side. Little furniture: milepost at north end of tunnel. Bevan's Lane bridge is modern. Dock Cottage (7663g) is lock-keeper's cottage at top of Five Locks, now a terminus, with a winding

3 hole/marina to the north. Apart from the tunnel and the crossings of the streams, of little structural interest. 7665g Linear Railway Post- Railway (single track). Track D medieval has been lifted; now a cycle path. 7656g ST Uplands Barn Post- Barn recorded on 1840 tithe C 2853 Farm medieval map, belonging to Cwmbran House; later developed into 9775 Uplands Farm; house late 19th century 7657g ST Building Post- Probably a settling- tank for D 2878 medieval the culverted stream under the 9720 canal 7658g ST Barn Post- Unusual structure with brick B 2852 medieval piers supporting the roof over a larger basement floor; other 9742 farm buildings are late 19th century. 7659g ST Wren's Nest Cottage Post- Shown on 1840 tithe map, still C 2923 medieval survives 9755 7660g ST Barn Post- Shown on 1840 tithe map, B 2938 medieval belonging to Wren's Nest (cottage), survives as well- 9757 built stone structure, re-roofed relatively recently but of some antiquity 7661g ST Cottage Post- Shown on tithe map; cottage D 2830 medieval now destroyed 9784 7663g ST Dock Post- Cottage Small two-storey building C 2875 Cottage medieval alongside canal pool; part of The Greenfields estate. Now 9695 a house, some alterations 7664g ST Wren's Nest Post- Farm- Late 19th-20th century farm; in D 2900 Farm medieval stead 1840 a small block of land 9733 without any buildings.

1.5 Potential sites

The presence of surviving buried archaeological features is difficult to establish. In this case, however, the medieval and later landscape can be traced with some confidence, and activity appears to be focused on the farmstead sites. The archaeological observation of the pipeline construction along the north of the development area confirmed the absence of artefact scatters, and thus it is considered that the absence of any indication of archaeological features on the aerial photographs and as surface features is a true reflection of a low intensity of past activity. The negative results of the archaeological watching brief on the excavation of geotechnical pits across the area supports this conclusion.

1.6 Landscape interests

There are no statutorily-protected landscapes within the study area.

4

There are no Parks, Gardens, or Landscapes of exceptional or special historic interest as recorded in the Cadw/CCW/ICOMOS Register.

A CCW LANDMAP Level 3 survey has been completed for the area. The History Aspect study identified the area H10 (Maesgwyn and Tir-brychiad) as a post-medieval agrarian landscape of moderate value.

The landscape (in contrast to the areas to the north and south) retains many features relating to earlier activity, most notably the field boundaries, which in the northeast were in place by 1792; elsewhere the process was completed by 1840, when there were seven units of land ownership. Some field boundaries have been removed. The boundaries are usually hedges or fences; the most developed hedgerows are the wooded stream valleys which presumably provided the first land-divisions. One of the anomalies arising from late enclosure is that the parish boundary is ignored by the field pattern; the presence of the canal, with its resultant restriction on routes from east to west, has had greater effect.

The Hedgerow Regulations 1997 provide a set of criteria to determine the importance of historic hedges. Of those in the development area, the principal qualifying are those along the canal, Bevan Lane, and around the farm of Tir Brychiad.

2. Assessment of effect

2.1 Effect on known sites

PRN Value Effect 03263.73g A None 00102g B None 03263g B Minor 07658g B None 07660g B None 00100g C None 00108g C None 05231g C Major 07656g C None 07659g C None 07663g C None 07657g D Major 07661g D None 07664g D None 07665g D Minor

The only sites where a major effect is involved are 5231g (old field boundary) and 7657g (settling tank); there are minor effects on the canal (3263g; some beneficial effects) and the old railway line (7665g).

It should be noted that the known sites are largely excluded from the development proposal; any proposal for related works which would extent the area of effect would trigger archaeological mitigation works.

2.2 Effect on potential sites 5

Development may encounter further unexpected remains, although both the documentary searches and previous fieldwork suggest that the likelihood is small.

2.3 Effect on landscape and hedgerows

The development will retain the principal units of the present landscape, including the routes, buildings and important boundaries; the effect is largely restricted to the creation or widening of openings in the boundaries.

3. Mitigation

3.1 Known sites

PRN Type Mitigation 5231g Field boundary Prior survey 7657g Settling tank Prior survey 3263g Canal Prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works 7665g Railway Prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works

3.2 Potential sites

Watching brief on topsoil stripping and other sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered.

3.3 Landscape

Prior survey of affected features.

4. Summary discussion

The purpose of this assessment has been to identify any interests likely to be affected by the proposal. Known interests largely comprise the post-medieval farms and related buildings, and the canal and its tunnel (a Listed Building). The development will have a minimal effect on these interests.

The effects of the development will require mitigation for four known sites; in addition, archaeological monitoring for additional sites will be required.

The landscape interests will be largely preserved; in particular, the important hedgerows will be retained within the development.

6 5. Further information and references

Primary sources

National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dept. of Manuscripts and Records Probate records, diocese of Llandaff Howell Morgan, Yeoman 1641 LL/1641/46 Thomas Richard Lewis, 1648 LL/1648/22 Yeoman Thomas Howell Morgan, 1642 LL/1642/20 Yeoman Gyles Jones, Yeoman 1655 LL/1655/8 John Nicholas, Husbandman 1658 LL/1658/7 Rosser George, Husbandman 1685 LL/1685/113

Gwent County Record Office, Cwmbran1 GRO D 8/2 Hanbury 0057 Particulars and conditions of sale of freehold farm known as Yew Tree Farm and two cottages adjoining Yew Tree Farm, 1918 GRO D749 Particulars of sale, The Uplands, The Greenfields, 1894 GRO D1573 Llanfrechfa Upper, tithe map 1840, and apportionment, 1842

Central Registry for Air Photography in Wales, Cardiff2 (cover search W-AP-PR 99-291)

Sortie Date Prints 106G UK 1502 1946 3181-2, 4287-8 59 RAF 5502 1962 0285-6 Meridian 27/71 1971 111-113 Meridian 32/71 1971 136-42, 162-8, 186-93, 220-3

National Monuments Record, RCAHMW, Aberystwyth Site files, domestic, industrial, ecclesiastical sites, ST 29 NE Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography oblique aerial photographs, ST 29 RCAHMW oblique aerial photographs, Gwent, 1998-9 RAF vertical aerial photographs, 1951 (58 RAF 676)

GGAT Contracts archives, GGAT, Swansea CUR 1 Uplands Survey Mynydd Maen 1996- Site and research notes 1997 and photographs A46/A125 Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation 1992- Site notes, photographs (HP 4) archive 1993 and plans

Printed sources

1 Searches undertaken by M Lawler and M Locock, GGAT Contracts 2 Search undertaken by J Mackintosh, GGAT Contracts 7

Bradney, J A 1923 A history of Monmouthshire 3 ii The Hundred of Usk. Mitchell Hughes and Clarke, London (facsimile edition 1993, Merton Priory Press, ). Byles, A 1982 The history of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company. Village Publishing, Cwmbran. Fox, C and Raglan, 1954 Monmouthshire Houses: a study of the building techniques Lord and smaller house-plans in the 15th to 17th centuries 3 Renaissance houses, c. 1590-1714. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Jones, J 1997 Monmouthshire wills proved in the prerogative court of Canterbury, 1560-1601. South Wales and Monmouthshire Record Society 12, Cardiff. Locock, M 1992 Archaeological desk-top study: Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation (HP 4). GGAT report, Swansea. Locock, M 1997 Uplands Survey: Mynydd Maen and Mynydd Henllys (ST 29), Gwent. GGAT report 97/005, Swansea. Roberts, R N 2001 Landscapes working for Torfaen: History aspect. GGAT report 2000/046, Swansea. Stevens, R A 1974 A towpath guide to the Brecknock and Abergavenny and Monmouthsire Canals Towpath Guides no. 2, Goose and Son, Cambridge. Williams, D H 1990 Atlas of Cistercian lands in Wales. Wilson, N 1993 Archaeological watching brief: Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation (HP 4). GGAT report 93/045, Swansea.

6. Consultees responses

Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments provided information about Listed Buildings

RCAHMW provided information about sites on the National Monuments Record

GGAT Curatorial provided information about sites on the Sites and Monuments Record, and, through ENDEX, with information on sites recorded in the National Monuments Record (RCAHMW)

Welsh Office aerial photograph cover search

8

C. Waterman Transport and Development Ltd. 2011. South-Sebastopol - Heritage Desk-based Assessment

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

South Sebastopol

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Desk Based Assessment

November 2010

Waterman Transport & Development Limited 38 Cathedral Road, Cardiff CF11 9LL, United Kingdom www.watermangroup.com

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Desk Based Assessment

Client Name: Barratt Homes Wales, Taylor Wimpey and Welsh Assembly Government Document Reference: C 11765 101110 CF SP R Project Number: CIV11765-111

Quality Assurance – Approval Status

This document has been prepared and checked in accordance with Waterman Group’s IMS (BS EN ISO 9001: 2008 and BS EN ISO 14001: 2004)

Issue Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by Draft 10.11.2010 Susana Parker Ben Stephenson Issue 1 30.11.2010 Susana Parker Ben Stephenson Ben Stephenson

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This report has been prepared for the sole and exclusive use of Barratt Homes Wales, Taylor Wimpey and Welsh Assembly Government from whom it was commissioned and has been prepared in response to their particular requirements and brief. This report may not be relied upon by any other party.

The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 shall not apply to this report and the provisions of the said Act are expressly excluded from this report.

This report may not be used for any purpose other than that for which it was commissioned.

This report may not be reproduced and/or made public by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means without the prior written permission of Waterman Transport and Development Ltd.

The conclusions resulting from this study and contained in this report are not necessarily indicative of future conditions or operating practices at or adjacent to the Site.

Much of the information presented in this report is based on information provided by others. That information has neither been checked nor verified by Waterman Transport and Development Ltd.

Content 1. Summary ...... 1 2. Introduction ...... 3 2.1 The Site ...... 3 2.2 Background ...... 3 2.3 Other Relevant Documents ...... 3 2.4 Aims and Objectives of this Desk Based Assessment ...... 6 3. Methodology and Sources ...... 7 4. Previously Identified Archaeology and Cultural Heritage ...... 8 4.1 Designated Heritage ...... 8 4.2 Non-designated Heritage ...... 10 4.2.1 Prehistoric, Roman and Medieval ...... 10 4.2.2 Post-medieval (after circa 1500 AD) ...... 10

5. Documentary Sources Including Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs ...... 13 5.1 Llandrechfa Upper Tithe Map 1840 ...... 14 5.2 1882 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Maps ...... 15 5.3 1894 - The Uplands, Particulars of Sale ...... 17 5.4 Place name evidence ...... 18 5.5 Aerial photography ...... 18 5.6 Torfaen LANDMAP ...... 19 6. Site Visit ...... 20 7. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 22 8. References and Bibliography ...... 24

Plates Plate 1: Canal Tunnel – view from South ...... 8 Plate 2: Canal Tunnel – view from North ...... 8 Plate 3: Milepost north of Canal Tunnel – 7 miles ...... 9 Plate 4: Milepost north of Five Locks – 6 ¾ miles ...... 9 Plate 5: Tir-Brychiad ...... 9 Plate 6: Wren’s Nest Barn ...... 9 Plate 7: View from Bevan’s Lane Bridge ...... 10 Plate 8: View from one of the two canal basins ...... 10 Plate 9: Llanfrechfa Upper Tithe Map (1840) ...... 14 Plate 10: 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map – Llanfrechfa Upper (1882) ...... 15 Plate 11: 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map – Cwmbran (1882) ...... 16 Plate 12: The Uplands – particulars of sale (1894) ...... 17

Tables Table 1: Aerial photography prints referenced ...... 18

South Sebastopol

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Appendices A. Site Plan and Main Archaeological Sites ref. C 11765 SA 80 0001 A01 B. Master plan highlighting listed and above ground archaeological remains C. Glamorgan Gwent archaeological Trust (GGAT) – Historic Environment Record (HER) Enquiry Report – Core Records D. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, 2000, South Sebastopol (Desk Based Assessment) E. Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales – search results

South Sebastopol

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1. Summary

This desk-based assessment was commissioned by Barratt Homes Wales, Taylor Wimpey and Welsh Assembly Government, to support a refreshed Environmental Statement for the site known as South Sebastopol. The site was designated as one of the two major General Development Areas (GDAs) in the Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen (Adopted 27 July 2000) – policy S2/2 (centred on ST 285 975). The site relevant to this report does not cover the full extent of the GDA, as it excludes the Golf Course, for which there are currently no redevelopment proposals. Subsequent to this allocation of the land, several studies were commissioned, including an Environmental Statement prepared in support of a planning application by a consortium comprising the Welsh Development Agency, Barratt Homes and Crest Strategic Projects. This document is dated 6th June 2001. In May 2003 Torfaen County Borough Council adopted the South Sebastopol – Adopted Development Framework. This document relied on a Desk Based Assessment by the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) for the determination of archaeological and historical significance, as well as the above mentioned Environmental Statement. In September 2010 a Scoping Opinion was issued – Planning Application 01/P/05526 – Residential Development Land at South Sebastopol, Cwmbran. The main purpose of this document was “To identify the information which needs to be incorporated into a refreshed Environmental Assessment…”. In terms of archaeology it stated that: y “Consideration should be given to the canal” y “The Historic Environment Record held by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust is the official archaeological record and should be visited to establish if any new information has been entered into the official record. The information included in the first four volumes of the Gwent County History and the revised cultural heritage aspect section in the Torfaen LANDMAP, and other relevant sources, should be included in the revised ES and should comply with the Standards and Guidance for Desk- based Archaeological Assessments issued by the Institute for Archaeologists.” This assessment is therefore intended as a review of known archaeological and historical information relating to South Sebastopol, updating any previous searches. This report is intended to conform to the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standards in British Archaeology: Desk-based Assessments. The research and report were carried out by Susana Parker (BA (Hons), MA, PIfA) of Waterman Transport & Development Ltd and Ben Stephenson (BA (Hons), MA, MIfA), of Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd. The assessment identified a number of listed buildings lying close to or surrounded by the site. A canal tunnel in the centre of the site is also listed, Grade II. The setting and fabric of these designated heritage receptors should be safeguarded. The proposals may provide an opportunity to enhance their settings. A number of hedgerows and lanes survive within the site and are likely to be of some age. These should be incorporated as far as practical within the new masterplan for development. The undesignated remains of the old Pontrhydyrun Railway Station House survives within the site as does a ruined cottage and a stone and brick water feature which may have been part of now degraded parkland in the south of the site. Ideally all these structures will be retained, but if they have to be removed as part of development, a full record should be made of their fabric, as agreed with the Council and their advisors.

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There are no significant remains of earlier than post-medieval date known within the site area and the records for the surrounding area suggest relatively low archaeological potential. However, the paucity of hitherto recorded remains may reflect the dominance of pasture across the site and the absence of past archaeological investigation. Further archaeological investigation may be requested by the Council’s archaeological advisor. Additionally the canal and railway, as suggested in the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd desk- based assessment (2000), should be the subject of prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered, and the Earthwork/ Field boundary at Oaklands and Settling-tank feature should be the subject of a prior survey.

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2. Introduction

2.1 The Site

The site is currently located within the boundaries of Torfaen County Borough Council. It was previously in the County of Gwent (1974 – 1996), and before that it belonged to Monmouthshire County, lying for the most part in the parish of Llanfrechfa Upper, with a small part within the parish of Pontymoile United. The site is approximately 102 ha and centred on National Grid Reference co-ordinates 329000 197500. The site boundaries are as follows: y West – Golf course/ farmland y East – Avondale Road/ Cwmbran Drive (A4051) y North – Panted/ Sebastopol developed edge (residential) y South – Cwmbran (residential) The site slopes roughly from East to West with the highest point on the Western side, and the Monmouthshire and Brecon canal flows through the centre, roughly North to South. Another stream flows through the southern half of the site, and it is culverted under the canal. Other than the few farmsteads indicated on the Site Plan (Appendix A – Archaeological Sites), the land units within the site are mainly used as pasture/ grazing, with several areas of woodland and mature hedgerows. This use of land reflects the use of land reported in historical maps consulted, with very little change since the 1840 Tithe Map – Appendix B.

2.2 Background

The site was designated as one of the two major General Development Areas (GDAs) in the Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen (July 2000) – policy S2/2. The site does not cover the full extent of the GDA, as it excludes the Golf Course, for which there are currently no redevelopment proposals. Subsequent to this designation several studies were commissioned, including an Environmental Statement prepared in support of a planning application by a consortium comprising the Welsh Development Agency, Barratt Homes and Crest Strategic Projects. This document is dated June 2001. Torfaen County Borough Council (Department for the Environment) adopted the South Sebastopol – Adopted Development Framework (March 2004), which relied on a Desk Based Assessment by the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) for the determination of archaeological and historical significance, as well as the above mentioned Environmental Statement.

2.3 Other Relevant Documents

The primary planning legislation in Wales is the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning & Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. The Welsh Assembly has produced Planning Policy Wales (March 2010) to provide advice on all aspects of planning policy in Wales - Chapter 6 of this relates to “Conserving the

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Historic Environment”. Detailed advice on archaeology in the planning process is contained in Welsh Office Circular 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology. Welsh Office Circular 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas presents the Government’s advice on the handling of historic buildings and landscapes in the planning process. A Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Importance was issued in 1998. A further Register of Landscapes of Special Historic Interest was issued in 2001. The adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen lists these within the Borough. Since April 1996 Wales has been divided into 21 local unitary authorities, of which Torfaen is one. Torfaen as a Unitary Authority runs its own Local Planning Authority, and is currently preparing Local Development Plans (LDP)). Until the full adoption of the LDP the current development plan consists of two documents: the adopted Gwent Structure Plan and the Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen. These plans cover the fifteen-year period from 1991 to 2006, although they will remain in force until the new Local Development Plan (LDP) is adopted by the Council. Chapter 9 of the Gwent Structure Plan (1996) relates to “The Built and Historic Environment” and contains several relevant policies, namely:

BC1 The County Council will favour the protection and enhancement of the best environmental qualities of towns and villages.

BC2 The County Council will favour the protection and enhancement of conservation areas and buildings or groups of buildings of architectural or historic merit.

BC3 The County Council will favour the protection and enhancement of Scheduled Ancient Monuments and sites of archaeological and/ or historic interest and their settings.

BC4 Where development proposals are submitted which are likely to affect sites of archaeological interest or their settings, an archaeological evaluation of the impact of the proposal may be required. BC5 Where there is a justified need for development sites of archaeological importance sufficient to override their protection under policy B3: i) Facilities for investigation and recording may be required; and ii) Preference will be given to the minimisation of areas of conflict, and iii) The preservation of remains in situ will generally be preferred to excavation.

Chapter 9 of the Adopted Local Plan for the County and Borough of Torfaen (2000) relates to “Heritage” and also contains several relevant policies, namely: H1 Development within a conservation area will only be permitted where the proposal satisfies all of the following criteria: A The proposal preserves or enhances the visual, architectural and historic character of the area. B The proposal respects the scale and character of both the surrounding buildings and the conservation area.

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C The provision of open space between and around buildings reflects the scale, layout and character of the conservation area.

H2 The demolition, or part demolition, of any building or feature within a conservation area will only be permitted where a strong case can be made. Where a building is to be replaced, evidence will be required that a contract for redevelopment has been entered into.

H3 The demolition, or part demolition, of a Listed Building will only be permitted where the proposal satisfies all of the following criteria: A The building is so unsound that it constitutes a danger to the general public and is incapable of being refurbished at a reasonable cost. B In the case of the owner being unable to finance the necessary works, the building has been publicly offered for sale or lease at a reasonable price without success. C A realistic and appropriate development scheme for the site, which will make a positive contribution to the areas character, has been advanced.

H4 The alteration or extension of listed buildings will only be permitted where the proposal reflects the original building in respect of the setting of the site and the mass, form, scale, materials, colour, character and design of the building.

H5 Development on, or adjoining, a scheduled ancient monument will only be permitted where the proposal would not have an adverse impact upon its respective setting and character.

H6 In determining applications for development, account will be taken of archeological (sic) considerations. Where planning approval is to be granted, for development on a site known to contain archeological (sic) remains, conditions will be imposed to require that adequate provision is made for the conservation and/or recording of the site during the period of development.

H7 Development proposals which are of such a scale that they would adversely affect or visually impinge upon the overall integrity of the ‘Landscape of Outstanding Historical Interest’ at Blaenavon will not be permitted.

Additionally, Chapter 3 deals with “Settlement and Housing” and defines two General Development Areas, of which South Sebastopol is one. This is laid out in policy S2:

S2 The following sites are designated as General Development Areas: (...) S2/2 South Sebastopol Proposals for development within General Development Areas which are in conformity with the development framework and other relevant policies of this local plan will be permitted.

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Torfaen County Borough Council’s adopted Development Framework for South Sebastopol (2004) outlined the analysis of the site to that date, the principles proposed to guide the site’s development and the proposals that had emerged as a consequence. A new masterplan is being drafted which is likely to have modifications from the original. Appendix 2 of this report used this latest draft as a setting to known listed and/ or above ground archaeology.

Additionally Torfaen County Borough Council’s website states that a new Local Development Plan is imminent:

Due to the need to obtain further information to inform the Local Development Plan (LDP) process( ...) the Deposit LDP will now be reported to Full Council during the early part of 2011. This will allow Members to be aware of all of the additional information that becomes available and enable them to make a fully informed decision in determining whether or not to approve the Deposit Plan for a 6-week consultation period. Providing the Deposit Plan is given formal Council approval during the September 2010, we now anticipate the Deposit LDP being advertised for a 6- week public consultation period during the early to mid part of 2011.

This new LDP is also likely to take any significant amendments to the original Policy S2 defining the GDA at South Sebastopol.

2.4 Aims and Objectives of this Desk Based Assessment

In September 2010 a Scoping Opinion was issued – Planning Application 01/P/05526 – Residential Development Land at South Sebastopol, Cwmbran. The main purpose of this document was “To identify the information which needs to be incorporated into a refreshed Environmental Assessment…”. In terms of the archaeological and cultural heritage it states that: y “Consideration should be given to the canal” y “The Historic Environment Record held by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust is the official archaeological record and should be visited to establish if any new information has been entered into the official record. The information included in the first four volumes of the Gwent County History and the revised cultural heritage aspect section in the Torfaen LANDMAP, and other relevant sources, should be included in the revised ES and should comply with the Standards and Guidance for Desk- based Archaeological Assessments issued by the Institute for Archaeologists.”

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3. Methodology and Sources

In order to complete this desk-based assessment and comply with the requirements of the Scoping Opinion as issued by Torfaen County Borough Council in respect of a refreshed Environmental Statement for this site, the following were conducted: y Search of archaeological and historical record, including Historic Environment Record (HER) via an enquiry with the Glamorgan and Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd., National Monuments Record (NMR), and local archives. y Search of Aerial Photography Record at the Central Registry for Aerial Photography in Wales. y Search of Local Cartographic Record, and other available information at the Gwent County Record Office. y Review of the information included in the first three volumes of the Gwent County History – unfortunately the fourth volume is not yet available at local (Cardiff or Newport) Central Libraries, or at the National Library of Wales. The catalogue of The University of Wales Press (publishers) only lists the first three volumes. y Review of the revised historical and cultural heritage aspect sections in the Torfaen LANDMAP. y Site visit/ walkover.

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4. Previously Identified Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

A search of the archaeological and historical record was made via an enquiry to the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust. This was intended to identify all known Historic Environment Records (HERs), including any Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs), listed building records, held by CADW, and sites listed in the National Monuments Record held by the Royal Commission of Ancient and Historic Monuments in Wales, or any other relevant information on the site.

4.1 Designated Heritage

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM) within the site.

The nearest SAM lies approximately a mile west of the site and - the Ironstone Works at the Upper Race (Primary Reference Number (PRN 07976g; NGR ST276986), dating from the 16th C.

The site does not lie within or contain any conservation area, designated landscape or park/ garden.

There are four Listed Buildings within the site (full records held by CADW):

The Canal Tunnel – Grade II Listed (23957) between Sebastopol and Cwmbran, including attached revetment walls (PRN 03263.73g; NGR ST 2874 9736) – 6 on site plan. This tunnel built circa 1792, has sandstone facings and no towpath. It is a part of the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal - originally two canals, the Monmouthshire Canal was completed in 1799, and the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal added in 1812.

Plate 1: Canal Tunnel – view from South Plate 2: Canal Tunnel – view from North

Source: Site Walkover, 17th September 2010

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Just north of the Canal Tunnel is a Milepost - Grade II listed (80863).

Plate 3: Milepost north of Canal Tunnel – 7 miles Plate 4: Milepost north of Five Locks – 6 ¾ miles

Source: Site Walkover, 17th September 2010

During the site walkover a second milepost was observed, roughly across the canal from the Dock Cottage (the old lock keeper’s cottage), just north of Five Locks, south of the proposed development area. This is not listed, unlike the 7 mile milepost.

Tir-Brychiad - Grade II listed (80864) on the north side of Bevan’s Lane, is a one storey building, with white walls and black doors – this is recognisable in the regional tradition (PRN 00102g; NGR ST 2926 9767). It is a one storey farmhouse with semi-attic and slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams, but the doors and windows are modern with brick surrounds – 2 on site plan. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan.

Plate 5: Tir-Brychiad Plate 6: Wren’s Nest Barn

Source: Site Walkover, 17th September 2010

On the south side of Bevan’s Lane, east of Tir-Brychiad, is Wren’s Nest Barn – Grade II listed (80861), also known as Hay Barn in some documents (PRN 07660g; NGR ST 2938 9757). On the 1840 Tithe map

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this is shown as belonging to Wren’s Nest Cottage. It survives as a well built stone structure, re-roofed relatively recently, but of some antiquity – 7 on site plan. This is also excluded from the proposed development master plan. There are two further Listed Buildings to the west of the site – Glyn Bran 00103g and Capeli Llwyd 00113g). They are both listed as post-medieval houses.

4.2 Non-designated Heritage

4.2.1 Prehistoric, Roman and Medieval

There are no known remains or records pre-dating the 16th century within the site.

There is one HER listing (00126g) for possible Roman use of a quarry north of the site, although there are no physical remains to confirm this.

4.2.2 Post-medieval (after circa 1500 AD)

The Canal is the main feature within the site and it is likely to be the focus of any development (PRN 3263g; NGR linear), and runs roughly from north to south across the proposed development area. This stretch was originally built circa 1792, and has been maintained – the towpath on the east side, has been tarmaced and is used as a pedestrian and cycle path.

Plate 7: View from Bevan’s Lane Bridge Plate 8: View from one of the two canal basins

Source: Site Walkover, 17th September 2010

At the south east of the proposed development area a culverted stream runs west to east under the canal and discharges on to what is suggested was once some sort of settling tank (PRN 07657g; NGR ST

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2878 9720, see below). In the 1882 1st Edition OS Map the area is described with the labels “Well” and “Sluice”.

There are a further eight non-designated Historic Environment Record entries in South Sebastopol, although most are not included in the proposed development master plan.

The earliest entry is likely to be the Earthwork at Oaklands Farm (PRN 005231g, NGR ST 285 979) – 4 on site plan. This was investigated during the Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP4), and the desk-based assessment suggests it may be some sort of boundary, and date from the same period as the boundary to the south of it (possibly 16th century). It is possible that this earthwork is related to the earthworks on a field to the north of the site, and a part of the now ruined Oaklands Farm.

Oaklands House (PRN 00100g, NGR ST 2838 9786) – 1 on site plan - has been dated as 17th century, and is described as a “small stone farmhouse of early renaissance phase of regional style, 2-room plan with stud and panel partition, broad stairs set in projecting bay and semi attic. This is to be retained in the proposed master plan as it lies within a wooded area.

On the west side of the railway, within the site, but outside the proposed development area, lie the remains of the Pontrhydyrun Railway Station House (PRN 0943g, NGR ST 2943 2974 05) – 13 on site plan. The remains of a façade at least 2 storeys high are visible from the cycle path, but obscured by mature vegetation, and it is hard to gauge the extent and condition of any surviving remains. This is to be retained in the proposed master plan as it lies within a wooded area.

The Pontypool to Cwmbran Railway (PRN 07665g, NGR linear). The single track (mineral) railway has been dismantled and is now used as a cyclepath.

Uplands Farm Barn (PRN 07656g, NGR ST 2853 9775) – 11 on site plan – is recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map as belonging to Cwmbran House. It was later developed into Uplands Farm, and the house dates from the late 19th century. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan.

Wren’s Nest Cottage (PRN 07659g; NGR ST 2923 9755) – 8 on site plan – is also recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map, and still survives. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan.

Wren’s Nest Farm (PRN 07664g; NGR ST 2900 9733) – 12 on site plan – is recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map as a small block of land with no buildings. Later in the 19th century/ 20th century the site was developed and there are several farm buildings. This is excluded from the proposed development masterplan.

Bryn Barn (PRN 07658g; NGR ST 2852 9742) – 9 on site plan – is an unusual structure with brick piers supporting the roof over a larger basement floor. Surrounding farm buildings are of late 19th century date. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan.

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Additionally there are a further three non-designated buildings, which despite lying outside the proposed development area, are worth mentioning due to their very close proximity to the development area.

Maes Gwyn (PRN 00108g; ST 2831 9725) – 3 on site plan – has a porch with a date stone inscribed with 1774. The house is made of stone rubble, with slate roof and modern windows and doorways. Farm buildings have been added to the east side of the original house.

Green Cottage (PRN 07558g; NGR ST 2963 9773) – 5 on site plan – is visible on the 2nd edition OS Map, and although the date is not certain, finds in the area date from mid to late 19th century. It was demolished circa 1985.

Dock Cottage (PRN 07663g; NGR ST 2875 9695) is a small two-storey building on the west side of the canal pool (Five Locks area). It was once the lock keeper’s cottage, and it is now a house, with some alterations.

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5. Documentary Sources Including Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs

Historical maps were obtained from a visit to the Gwent County Record Office; aerial photographs were obtained via a search of the Aerial Photography Record at the Central Registry for Aerial Photography in Wales; secondary sources were consulted at the Cardiff Central Library and the Torfaen LANDMAP was consulted online via the Countryside Council for Wales website.

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5.1 Llandrechfa Upper Tithe Map 1840

Although the reproduction quality was poor, and not all field names were readable, according to the Apportionment to the Tithe Map (1842), most of the site was under arable crop at this time, which could have resulted in earlier remains being plough damaged. Information from the Llandrechfa Upper Tithe Map shows land uses throughout the site as mainly meadow, pasture, coppice, wood, arable and brake. The main land units belonged to Ty Brychiad, Maes Gwyn and Cwmbran House, and smaller units belonged to Wren’s Nest Farm, The Bryn and Oaklands. No fieldnames suggest any particular archaeological potential. Land use has continued to focus around the same activities since then, although some of the smaller units have been merged into larger ones, old buildings fell into disuse (for example Oaklands Farm), and new buildings have appeared (for example Wren’s Nest Farm). The canal and canal tunnel are clearly visible on the map, as is the stream to the south of it, which in the 1st OS edition map is shown as a “sluice” and is referred to as a “settling tank” elsewhere in this report.

Plate 9: Llanfrechfa Upper Tithe Map (1840)

Source: Gwent County Record Office, D1573

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5.2 1882 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Maps

The Llandrechfa Upper 1st edition OS from 1882 shows the north area of the site. The most notable change from the 1840 Tithe Map is the mineral railway running along the east of the site. The large wooded areas, in the apportionment of 1842, 469 (between Oakland Farm and The Uplands

Farm) and 514 (south of Tir-Brychiad), remained a constant from the 1840 Tithe Map to present time.

Plate 10: 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map – Llanfrechfa Upper (1882)

Source: Gwent County Record Office

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The Cwmbran 1st edition OS from 1882 shows the south area of the site. “Pont-rhydyryn” Station House and Bryn Barn are the notable new additions. The area north of where Wren’s Nest Farm is still woodland, and Wren’s Nest Farm itself does not yet have any buildings.

Plate 11: 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map – Cwmbran (1882)

Source: Gwent County Record Office

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5.3 1894 - The Uplands, Particulars of Sale

The plot was divided into meadow, pasture and arable land, with a villa, stables and piggery. Water was transported to the farm in pipes from a well on “The Bryn” estate, and right of access was secured with this sale. This was typical of the mixed land use throughout the site’s farmsteads.

Plate 12: The Uplands – particulars of sale (1894)

Source: Gwent County Record Office, D749-552

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5.4 Place name evidence

In 1958 Sebastopol was an industrial village which developed around Cemais-Fawr and Y-Wern, and was named after the town besieged by the French and British Armies during the 1854-5 in the Crimea War. The name was first applied to Steedman’s Terrace and Woodland Terrace, and was in use by December 1856. (2005, Morgan) The site proposed for development lies south of the original village of Sebastopol and for which there is no specific information from secondary sources available.

5.5 Aerial photography The site is the subject of a series of aerial photographs from 1946 to 2009, most of which were made available whilst visiting the Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales. Four prints can be used to summarise the information available:

Table 1: Aerial photography prints referenced

Sortie Date Print 106G UK 1502 13/05/1946 4288 58 RAF 5502 03/10/1962 F22: 285 – 286 MAFF 10/06/1984 210: 177 OS 92 148 26/05/1992 27 - 29

The same large wooded areas, in the 1840 Tithe Map (apportionment dated 1842), 469 (between Oakland Farm and The Uplands Farm) and 514 (south of Tir-Brychiad), are still main features of the site. Additionally several main hedgerows, used as land unit boundaries, but which relate closely to topographical features and particularly to several streams crossing the site, also survive to the present day.

The Hedgerow Regulations 1997 provide a set of criteria to determine the importance of historic hedges. The principal qualifying are those along the canal, Bevan Lane, and around the farm of Tir Brychiad.

No new archaeological features were observed on any of the aerial photographs consulted, although the site lay under pasture in the main and this would not reveal crop marks of buried remains.

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5.6 Torfaen LANDMAP

LANDMAP is a national information service devised by the Countryside Council for Wales, for taking landscape into account in decision making.

LANDMAP separates the landscape into five Aspects:

Geological Landscape: this is the study of the geology, geomorphology and hydrology of the area. Landscape Habitats: looks at the distribution of vegetation and habitats and the basis for landscape ecology.

Visual & Sensory: this aspect identifies those landscape qualities that are perceived through the senses. It deals with the individual physical attributes of landform and land cover, as well as their visual patterns of distribution and sensory characteristics, and the relationships between them in a particular area.

Historic Landscape: focuses on how archaeological and historical sites relate to each other and to the surrounding landscape.

Cultural Landscape: this considers the relationship that exists between people and places; how people have given meaning to places, how the landscape has shaped their actions and their actions have shaped the landscape.

A review of the Historic and Cultural Heritage Aspects of the Torfaen LANDMAP was carried out.

The Historic Map categorises the site as a Rural Environment of Moderate Historical Value - A CCW LANDMAP Level 3 survey has been completed for the area. The History Aspect study identified the area H10 (Maesgwyn and Tir-brychiad) as a post-medieval agrarian landscape of moderate value.

The Cultural Map categorises the site as having a High Cultural Value.

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6. Site Visit

The site was visited by Susana Parker and Ben Stephenson on the 17th September 2010. The aim of the visit and walkover was to identify the ground conditions, and identify remains of previously recorded sites, or any unknown remains. The weather was dry and the sky was clear for the most part. Most of the site was visible from footpaths, roads and other rights of way. A photographic record of the visit illustrating all the listed sites, and most of the sites mentioned on the HER was made. The camera used was an Nikon D60 Digital SLR. Some of the images are reproduced in this report. The main feature of the site is the canal running roughly through the middle and dividing the site. There are also other streams, one of which, at the southern end of the site, in culverted under the canal, and runs into the feature identified as a possible settling tank on the HER. The site slopes gently from east to west, with the steeper gradients on the western side of the site, and flatter areas on the east. There are mature woodland areas and hedgerows including those flanking lanes dividing up the site. The land is mainly used for agriculture (pasture, with some arable), interspersed by small residential units (which lie beyond the site boundary, but are encircled by it). An exception to this is the old towpath, along the eastern side of the canal, now tarmaced, and an obvious leisure attraction – during the site visit it was used for pedestrian access, dog walking, fishing, jogging and cycling. The lanes and public footpaths running through the site are all shown on the 1840 Tithe Map and may be earlier. They are for the most part bordered by hedgerows and wooded areas. The “settling tank” feature, on the south east of the site is not easily accessible, but has retained some 2 metres depth and the brick sides as visible almost all along its curved form. There is no clear description of its original purpose, but it is still part of the out flow of a stream culverted under the canal – the name seems to suggest some sort of drainage role purpose, although it may have simply been part of a landscape feature, as it lies adjacent to formal gardens of Cwmbran House. The culvert itself has a masonry arch in the same material and style as the canal tunnel, so it may date from the same period. The ruins at Oaklands farm were visible within a wooded area as was the earthwork in an adjacent field recorded by GGAT. However, this latter looked to perhaps reflect a seasonal watercourse, surrounded by boggy ground as it was and with an irregular shape. Tyr Brychiad (on Bevans Lane) , is a one storey building, with white walls and black doors – this is recognisable in the regional tradition. It is a residential premise. The Barn (also on Bevans Lane) survives as a well built stone structure, re-roofed relatively recently, but of some antiquity. It did not seem to be occupied. The station house was just visible from the cycle path, and stood in part at more than 2 storeys height, although there was no access to this area of the site. It appeared to be of stone, but the roof was not visible. The canal itself is well screened by trees and shrubs from the surrounding land for most of its length – the main exception being a short length on the north side, between Bevan’s Lane Bridge and the (Listed) Canal Tunnel. Although there is some non-statutory planning guidance regarding the Canal (“Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Plan (1985)), the canal itself is not a designated area, The Torfaen Local Plan (2000), states that: “The rural nature of the canal will be retained and the prominent upland

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areas will be protected.” (p.28), There appears to be scope for enhancing the management of the canal and improving perhaps its interpretation through provision of information boards. The vegetation on either side could be enhanced to screen new development.

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7. Conclusions and Recommendations

This desk-based assessment was commissioned by Barratt Homes Wales, Taylor Wimpey and Welsh Assembly Government, to support a refreshed Environmental Statement for the site known as South Sebastopol. The site was designated as one of the two major General Development Areas (GDAs) in the Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen (Adopted 27 July 2000) – policy S2/2 (centred on ST 285 975). The site relevant to this report does not cover the full extent of the GDA, as it excludes the Golf Course, for which there are currently no redevelopment proposals. Subsequent to this allocation of the land, several studies were commissioned, including an Environmental Statement prepared in support of a planning application by a consortium comprising the Welsh Development Agency, Barratt Homes and Crest Strategic Projects. This document is dated 6th June 2001. In May 2003 Torfaen County Borough Council adopted the South Sebastopol – Adopted Development Framework. This document relied on a Desk Based Assessment by the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) for the determination of archaeological and historical significance, as well as the above mentioned Environmental Statement. In September 2010 a Scoping Opinion was issued – Planning Application 01/P/05526 – Residential Development Land at South Sebastopol, Cwmbran. The main purpose of this document was “To identify the information which needs to be incorporated into a refreshed Environmental Assessment…”. In terms of archaeology it stated that: y “Consideration should be given to the canal” y “The Historic Environment Record held by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust is the official archaeological record and should be visited to establish if any new information has been entered into the official record. The information included in the first four volumes of the Gwent County History and the revised cultural heritage aspect section in the Torfaen LANDMAP, and other relevant sources, should be included in the revised ES and should comply with the Standards and Guidance for Desk- based Archaeological Assessments issued by the Institute for Archaeologists.” This assessment is therefore intended as a review of known archaeological and historical information relating to South Sebastopol, updating any previous searches. This report is intended to conform to the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standards in British Archaeology: Desk-based Assessments. The research and report were carried out by Susana Parker (BA (Hons), MA, PIfA) of Waterman Transport & Development Ltd and Ben Stephenson (BA (Hons), MA, MIfA), of Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd. The assessment identifies a number of listed buildings lying close to or surrounded by the site. A canal tunnel in the centre of the site is also listed, Grade II. The setting and fabric of these designated heritage receptors should ideally be safeguarded. The proposals may provide an opportunity to enhance their settings. A number of hedgerows and lanes survive within the site and are likely to be of some age. These should be incorporated as far as practical within the new masterplan for development. The undesignated remains of the old Pontrhydyrun Railway Station House survives within the site as does a ruined cottage and a stone and brick water feature which may have been part of now degraded parkland in the south of the site. Ideally all these structures will be retained, but if they have to be removed as part of development, a full record should be made of their fabric, as agreed with the Council and their advisors.

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There are no significant remains of earlier than post-medieval date known within the site area and the records for the surrounding area suggest relatively low archaeological potential. However, the paucity of hitherto recorded remains may reflect the dominance of pasture across the site and the absence of past archaeological investigation. Further archaeological investigation may be requested by the Council’s archaeological advisor. Additionally the canal and railway, as suggested in the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd desk- based assessment (2000), should be the subject of prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered, and the Earthwork/ Field boundary at Oaklands and Settling-tank feature should be the subject of a prior survey.

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8. References and Bibliography

Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessments Institute for Archaeologists, 5 November 2008

Welsh Office Circular 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology

Welsh Office Circular 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas

Planning Policy Wales Welsh Assembly Government, July 2010

Gwent Structure Plan 1991-2006 Gwent County Council, March 1996

Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen Torfaen County Borough Council, 27 July 2000

South Sebastopol – Desk Based Assessment Glamorgan and Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd, 2000

South Sebastopol – Environmental Statement RPS/ Chapman Warren, 6th June 2001

South Sebastopol – Adopted Development Framework Torfaen County Borough Council, March 2004

Place Names of Gwent Richard Morgan, 2006

Gwent County History, Volume 1: Gwent in Prehistory and Early History University of Wales Press, July 2004

Gwent County History, Volume 2: The Age of the Marcher Lordships, c.1070-1536

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University of Wales Press, January 2008

Gwent County History, Volume 3: The Making of Monmouthshire University of Wales Press, February 2009

Llanfrechfa Upper, Tithe Map, 1840 (and apportionment 1842) Gwent County Record Office, D1573

Particulars of Sale, The Uplands, 1894 Gwent County Record Office, D749-552

1st Edition OS Map

Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales, search reference W-AP-PR 10-182

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APPENDICES

A. Site Plan and Main Archaeological Sites ref. C 11765 SA 80 0001 A01

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B. Master plan highlighting listed and above ground archaeological remains

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C. Glamorgan Gwent archaeological Trust (GGAT) – Historic Environment Record (HER) Enquiry Report – Core Records

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GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - CORE RECORDS

Enquiry reference number: 4026Sebastopol Prepared by: Rachel Bowden, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Produced for: Susana Parker, Waterman Transport and Development Ltd

The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry and Copyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resulting from the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.

If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimedia form or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained in writing.

Search criteria

Search area provided 329000, 197500

PRN 00100g NAME OAKLANDS NGR ST28389786 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small stone farmhouse of Early Remaissance phase of Regional style 2-room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC

DESCRIPTION Small stone farmhouse of Early Remaissance phase of Regional style 2- room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988- 01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20499

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 4/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.pp83,

PRN 00102g NAME TIR BRYCHIAD NGR ST29269767 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds.

DESCRIPTION 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988- 01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 80864 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20978

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 6/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt.3,p169

PRN 00108g NAME MAES GWYN NGR ST28319725 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY House of stone rubble with slate roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E.side of house.

DESCRIPTION House of stone rubble with slate roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E.side of house.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988- 01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20298

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 11/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm Houses/Pt3.p169

PRN 03195.0g NAME BLAENAVON-NEWPORT RAILWAY NGR SO25270850, SO28780028 COMMUNITY Blaenavon TYPE Post-Medieval, Railway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY FORMER D15: Dismantled railway (part mineral) running from Blaenavon to Pontypool (SO27900125), and from Cwmbran (ST29279485) to Newport. Blaenavon to Llantarnam was closed as a passenger line in 1962, Pontypool to Cwmbran shown as Mineral railway on OS

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Related PRN 03195.1g

SOURCES

/PM DESC TEXT////1966-7/SEWIAS JOURNAL VOL 1 No2/p40* map/OS/1882

PRN 03263.73g NAME CWMBRAN CANAL TUNNEL NGR ST28749736 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Canal tunnel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998- 08-24 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 23957 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 85165

SOURCES

01/map/OS/1882

PRN 05231g NAME OAKLANDS FARM NGR ST285979 COMMUNITY - TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 AP OS/79 129 Shows an earthwork (at 318 998) running parallelto the road, to the west of the road. This is slightly east ofthe surviving field boundary to the south,

DESCRIPTION ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 AP OS/79 129 Shows an earthwork (at 318 998) running parallelto the road, to the west of the road. This is slightly east ofthe surviving field boundary to the south, but is probably an oldfield-bank of the same period (? 16th century) The pipeline runs north of the now-ruined farm complex atOaklands. The field to the north contains earthworks whosecharacter and date cannot be determined with certainty from thesurface, but which may be medieval, and since they may form partof the extended Oaklands site, and fall within the corridor, theyshould be examined in advance of any groundworks.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997- 02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46

PRN 07558g NAME GREEN COTTAGE NGR ST29639773 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY ruins of cottage shown as Green Cottage on 2nd Ed. OS map, finds in the area of mid to late 19th century although exact date uncertain, demolished ca. 1985

DESCRIPTION ruins of cottage shown as Green Cottage on 2nd Ed. OS map, finds in the area of mid to late 19th century although exact date uncertain, demolished ca. 1985

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1999-05-26 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

GGAT assessment A125 watching brief on Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation

PRN 07656g NAME Upland's Farm, South Sebastopol NGR ST28539775 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07657g NAME Building, South Sebastopol NGR ST28789720 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07658g NAME Barn, South Sebastopol NGR ST28529742 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07659g NAME Wren's Nest Cottage, South Sebastopol NGR ST29239755 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07660g NAME Barn, South Sebastopol NGR ST29389757 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07664g NAME Wren's Nest Farm, South Sebastopol NGR ST29009733 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 09343g NAME Pontrhydyrun Station House NGR ST2943497505 COMMUNITY - TYPE Unknown, railway station, RANK: - SUMMARY -

DESCRIPTION -

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2009- 09-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/Desc Text/Ms. J. Compton/1991/Grid References for Several Sites/Copy in further information file.

AM - 08.24.10 (11:08) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 97. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk

Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadw and the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.

D. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, 2000, South Sebastopol (Desk Based Assessment)

South Sebastopol 29 H:\Personal\Sebastopol\C 11765 101110 CF SP R.docx 1. Baseline survey

1.1 Introduction and scoping

A working group is preparing a Development Framework and Environmental Impact Assessment for the South Sebastopol General Development Area, Torfaen. GGAT Contracts was commissioned to undertake the archaeological component of the study.

The study comprises a review of existing information about the archaeological resource within the study area, as recorded on the regional Sites and Monuments Record, the National Monuments Record, cartographic and documentary sources, published accounts and aerial photographs. Current Listed Building and Scheduled Ancient Monument data was obtained from Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments. A site visit was also undertaken to check on current condition; and a watching brief was maintained on the excavation of 45 geotechnical pits in order to check for the presence of archaeological deposits or artefacts.

The study is intended to conform to the Institute of Field Archaeologists Standards in British Archaeology: Desk-based assessments. Sites have been assigned categories of importance as outlined in paragraph 3.4 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges vol. 11, section 3, part 2 (Cultural Heritage), with the addition of a further category (U) for sites whose current value cannot be assessed and where evaluation is required.

A sites of national importance (e.g. Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings) B sites of regional importance C sites of local importance D sites of low or no importance U sites requiring evaluation to determine value

The effect of the proposal on the archaeological resource has been assessed using the following criteria:

Major Total loss Severe Significant loss, likely to result in a reduction of value of the surviving site Minor Loss unlikely to result in a reduction of value of the surviving site None No identifiable effect Beneficial Site will be better protected or enhanced than if the development did not occur

Effects of operation have not been separately identified; all effects will occur in the construction phase.

1.2 Location and background

South Sebastopol General Development Area lies between Cwmbran and Pontypool, on the east side of the Mynydd Maen/Mynydd Henllys upland block (centred on ST 285 975), covering an area of 146 ha. It now lies within Torfaen; previously it lay in the county of Gwent (1974-1996) and old Monmouthshire. The area mainly falls within the parish of Llanfrechfa Upper, with a small part within Pontymoile United; in the lordship of Edlogan and the Hundred of Usk. It is currently mainly agricultural land, although it is crossed by a canal and a disused railway line; part is a golf-course.

1 A study area was defined, extending beyond the development area, to include the area ST 270 960- ST 300 990 (thus including Pontnewydd and Upper Cwmbran, Pontrhydyrun, Griffithstown, and the houses along Mountain Road). The boundaries of the development area are defined by the Cwm Bran stream to the southwest, the wooded hillside to the west, Springfield Road and Oaklands Road to the north, and the A4051 to the east.

At the time of the 1840 tithe map, the area was divided into three main farming blocks, Tir- brychiad, Cwmbran House and Maes Gwyn, with smaller units including Wren's Nest, Bryn and Oaklands. The recorded land-use was a mixture of pasture, arable, meadow and woodland, much as today. The modern field pattern is based on that in 1840, although some of the smaller fields have been amalgamated.

1.3 Previous work and landscape development

There has been little previous archaeological fieldwork in the area. Sir Cyril Fox and Lord Raglan examined the old farmhouses in the area (including Oaklands, Maesgwyn and Tir- brychiad) (Fox and Raglan 1954). RCAHMW undertook some building recording in the 1970s during the construction of Upper Cwmbran, and have also created a database of chapels. GGAT undertook a desk-based assessment and subsequent watching brief in the 1990s on the construction of the HP 4 gas pipeline, which runs along the north edge of the development area (Locock 1992; Wilson 1993); the low incidence of finds suggested limited activity in the past. GGAT also undertook an Uplands Initiative survey of Mynydd Maen and Mynydd Henllys, which included the Mountain Road area (Locock 1997).

Historical documentation for the area is sparse. Bradney (1923) provides a short account of the parish, and the demesne lands of Lan-yr-Afon, but was silent on the more general pattern of landholding and land-use. In contrast to the landholding of the Cistercian abbey of Llantarnam, to the south, there is no medieval documentation, and very limited later material: the NLW and GRO hold no estate maps pre-dating the tithe map of 1840. A plan of the proposed canal route was included in the 1792 Monmouthshire Canal Act (reproduced in Byles 1982, 9); although it shows little detail, it does differentiate between enclosed fields (in the area of Tir Brychiad, at the north of the study area) and woodland in the central part. Over the subsequent century, most of the remaining land was enclosed, and buildings were constructed, initially as farm buildings serving outlying blocks of estate land, but by the end of the 19th century as separate farmsteads. There is no Parliamentary Enclosure Award.

In general this lack of information probably reflects a lower level of land-use, until the industrialisation of the area in the late 18th century. As a check, 17th century wills and inventories held at the NLW were examined; those described as 'yeomen' were tenant farmers, having an estate of £30, mainly concentrating on cattle, but with some arable and pigs. Jones's edition of earlier wills includes only one relevant example, from 1597, for William Springett, gentleman, of Llanfyhangell Pont-y-moel, whose property included a 'house and lands in Llanfrechfa parish' (not located) (Jones 1997, 199). The lordship and manor of Edlogan retained its emphasis on pastoral land-use into the 20th century; in 1918, the sale catalogue for Yew Tree Farm on the Mountain Road, to the west of the study area (at ST 296 974), mentions the 'valuable right to pasture cattle on the common of Mynydd Maen' and describes the lower slopes as 'pasture of superior character' (GRO D8/2 Hanbury 0057).

1.4. Identified interests

2 1.4.1 Sites of national importance

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the development area. In the course of the study the Cwmbran Canal tunnel (3263.73g) of the Monmouthshire and Brecon canal was protected as a Listed Building (grade II).

PRN NGR Site name Type Period Description Value 03263.73 ST 2874 Cwmbran Canal Post- Canal tunnel on Monmouthshire A g/ 9736 canal tunnel tunnel medieval and Brecon canal, built c. 1792; sandstone facings, no towpath 85165 (horses would walk over the top while the boats were walked through). Tunnel lies only 10m below surface: would have been a cutting if the canal had been built a little later (Stevens 1974, 68).

Two Listed Buildings lie to the west of the development area (Glyn Bran 103g, Capel-llwyd 113g).

1.4.2 Other sites in the vicinity

PRN NGR Site name Type Period Description Value 00100g/ ST 2838 Oaklands House Post- Small stone farmhouse of Early C 20499 9786 Medieval Renaissance phase of Regional style 2-room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC. Demolished. 00102g ST 2926 Tir Brychiad House Post- One-storey farmhouse with B 9767 Medieval semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds. 00108g/ ST 2831 Maes Gwyn House Post- House of stone rubble with slate C 20298 9725 Medieval roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E. side of house. 05231g ST 285 Oaklands Earthwork Not An earthwork running parallel C 979 Farm Known to the road, to the west of the road, probably a field boundary. 3263g linear Monmouth- Canal Post- Built c. 1792 (Byles 1982, B (C06) shire Canal medieval Stevens 1974). This stretch has been maintained; the towpath is now tarmaced. For most of the length of the study area, runs as a broad channel following the contour, with the towpath on the east (downhill) side. Little furniture: milepost at north end of tunnel. Bevan's Lane bridge is modern. Dock Cottage (7663g) is lock-keeper's cottage at top of Five Locks, now a terminus, with a winding

3 hole/marina to the north. Apart from the tunnel and the crossings of the streams, of little structural interest. 7665g Linear Railway Post- Railway (single track). Track D medieval has been lifted; now a cycle path. 7656g ST Uplands Barn Post- Barn recorded on 1840 tithe C 2853 Farm medieval map, belonging to Cwmbran House; later developed into 9775 Uplands Farm; house late 19th century 7657g ST Building Post- Probably a settling- tank for D 2878 medieval the culverted stream under the 9720 canal 7658g ST Barn Post- Unusual structure with brick B 2852 medieval piers supporting the roof over a larger basement floor; other 9742 farm buildings are late 19th century. 7659g ST Wren's Nest Cottage Post- Shown on 1840 tithe map, still C 2923 medieval survives 9755 7660g ST Barn Post- Shown on 1840 tithe map, B 2938 medieval belonging to Wren's Nest (cottage), survives as well- 9757 built stone structure, re-roofed relatively recently but of some antiquity 7661g ST Cottage Post- Shown on tithe map; cottage D 2830 medieval now destroyed 9784 7663g ST Dock Post- Cottage Small two-storey building C 2875 Cottage medieval alongside canal pool; part of The Greenfields estate. Now 9695 a house, some alterations 7664g ST Wren's Nest Post- Farm- Late 19th-20th century farm; in D 2900 Farm medieval stead 1840 a small block of land 9733 without any buildings.

1.5 Potential sites

The presence of surviving buried archaeological features is difficult to establish. In this case, however, the medieval and later landscape can be traced with some confidence, and activity appears to be focused on the farmstead sites. The archaeological observation of the pipeline construction along the north of the development area confirmed the absence of artefact scatters, and thus it is considered that the absence of any indication of archaeological features on the aerial photographs and as surface features is a true reflection of a low intensity of past activity. The negative results of the archaeological watching brief on the excavation of geotechnical pits across the area supports this conclusion.

1.6 Landscape interests

There are no statutorily-protected landscapes within the study area.

4

There are no Parks, Gardens, or Landscapes of exceptional or special historic interest as recorded in the Cadw/CCW/ICOMOS Register.

A CCW LANDMAP Level 3 survey has been completed for the area. The History Aspect study identified the area H10 (Maesgwyn and Tir-brychiad) as a post-medieval agrarian landscape of moderate value.

The landscape (in contrast to the areas to the north and south) retains many features relating to earlier activity, most notably the field boundaries, which in the northeast were in place by 1792; elsewhere the process was completed by 1840, when there were seven units of land ownership. Some field boundaries have been removed. The boundaries are usually hedges or fences; the most developed hedgerows are the wooded stream valleys which presumably provided the first land-divisions. One of the anomalies arising from late enclosure is that the parish boundary is ignored by the field pattern; the presence of the canal, with its resultant restriction on routes from east to west, has had greater effect.

The Hedgerow Regulations 1997 provide a set of criteria to determine the importance of historic hedges. Of those in the development area, the principal qualifying are those along the canal, Bevan Lane, and around the farm of Tir Brychiad.

2. Assessment of effect

2.1 Effect on known sites

PRN Value Effect 03263.73g A None 00102g B None 03263g B Minor 07658g B None 07660g B None 00100g C None 00108g C None 05231g C Major 07656g C None 07659g C None 07663g C None 07657g D Major 07661g D None 07664g D None 07665g D Minor

The only sites where a major effect is involved are 5231g (old field boundary) and 7657g (settling tank); there are minor effects on the canal (3263g; some beneficial effects) and the old railway line (7665g).

It should be noted that the known sites are largely excluded from the development proposal; any proposal for related works which would extent the area of effect would trigger archaeological mitigation works.

2.2 Effect on potential sites 5

Development may encounter further unexpected remains, although both the documentary searches and previous fieldwork suggest that the likelihood is small.

2.3 Effect on landscape and hedgerows

The development will retain the principal units of the present landscape, including the routes, buildings and important boundaries; the effect is largely restricted to the creation or widening of openings in the boundaries.

3. Mitigation

3.1 Known sites

PRN Type Mitigation 5231g Field boundary Prior survey 7657g Settling tank Prior survey 3263g Canal Prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works 7665g Railway Prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works

3.2 Potential sites

Watching brief on topsoil stripping and other sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered.

3.3 Landscape

Prior survey of affected features.

4. Summary discussion

The purpose of this assessment has been to identify any interests likely to be affected by the proposal. Known interests largely comprise the post-medieval farms and related buildings, and the canal and its tunnel (a Listed Building). The development will have a minimal effect on these interests.

The effects of the development will require mitigation for four known sites; in addition, archaeological monitoring for additional sites will be required.

The landscape interests will be largely preserved; in particular, the important hedgerows will be retained within the development.

6 5. Further information and references

Primary sources

National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dept. of Manuscripts and Records Probate records, diocese of Llandaff Howell Morgan, Yeoman 1641 LL/1641/46 Thomas Richard Lewis, 1648 LL/1648/22 Yeoman Thomas Howell Morgan, 1642 LL/1642/20 Yeoman Gyles Jones, Yeoman 1655 LL/1655/8 John Nicholas, Husbandman 1658 LL/1658/7 Rosser George, Husbandman 1685 LL/1685/113

Gwent County Record Office, Cwmbran1 GRO D 8/2 Hanbury 0057 Particulars and conditions of sale of freehold farm known as Yew Tree Farm and two cottages adjoining Yew Tree Farm, 1918 GRO D749 Particulars of sale, The Uplands, The Greenfields, 1894 GRO D1573 Llanfrechfa Upper, tithe map 1840, and apportionment, 1842

Central Registry for Air Photography in Wales, Cardiff2 (cover search W-AP-PR 99-291)

Sortie Date Prints 106G UK 1502 1946 3181-2, 4287-8 59 RAF 5502 1962 0285-6 Meridian 27/71 1971 111-113 Meridian 32/71 1971 136-42, 162-8, 186-93, 220-3

National Monuments Record, RCAHMW, Aberystwyth Site files, domestic, industrial, ecclesiastical sites, ST 29 NE Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography oblique aerial photographs, ST 29 RCAHMW oblique aerial photographs, Gwent, 1998-9 RAF vertical aerial photographs, 1951 (58 RAF 676)

GGAT Contracts archives, GGAT, Swansea CUR 1 Uplands Survey Mynydd Maen 1996- Site and research notes 1997 and photographs A46/A125 Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation 1992- Site notes, photographs (HP 4) archive 1993 and plans

Printed sources

1 Searches undertaken by M Lawler and M Locock, GGAT Contracts 2 Search undertaken by J Mackintosh, GGAT Contracts 7

Bradney, J A 1923 A history of Monmouthshire 3 ii The Hundred of Usk. Mitchell Hughes and Clarke, London (facsimile edition 1993, Merton Priory Press, Cardiff). Byles, A 1982 The history of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company. Village Publishing, Cwmbran. Fox, C and Raglan, 1954 Monmouthshire Houses: a study of the building techniques Lord and smaller house-plans in the 15th to 17th centuries 3 Renaissance houses, c. 1590-1714. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Jones, J 1997 Monmouthshire wills proved in the prerogative court of Canterbury, 1560-1601. South Wales and Monmouthshire Record Society 12, Cardiff. Locock, M 1992 Archaeological desk-top study: Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation (HP 4). GGAT report, Swansea. Locock, M 1997 Uplands Survey: Mynydd Maen and Mynydd Henllys (ST 29), Gwent. GGAT report 97/005, Swansea. Roberts, R N 2001 Landscapes working for Torfaen: History aspect. GGAT report 2000/046, Swansea. Stevens, R A 1974 A towpath guide to the Brecknock and Abergavenny and Monmouthsire Canals Towpath Guides no. 2, Goose and Son, Cambridge. Williams, D H 1990 Atlas of Cistercian lands in Wales. Wilson, N 1993 Archaeological watching brief: Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation (HP 4). GGAT report 93/045, Swansea.

6. Consultees responses

Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments provided information about Listed Buildings

RCAHMW provided information about sites on the National Monuments Record

GGAT Curatorial provided information about sites on the Sites and Monuments Record, and, through ENDEX, with information on sites recorded in the National Monuments Record (RCAHMW)

Welsh Office aerial photograph cover search

8

E. Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales – search results

South Sebastopol 30 H:\Personal\Sebastopol\C 11765 101110 CF SP R.docx

South Sebastopol 31 H:\Personal\Sebastopol\C 11765 101110 CF SP R.docx

D. Waterman Energy Environment and Design Ltd. 2013. South-Sebastopol - Heritage Desk-based Assessment

South Sebastopol Appendices Outline Written Scheme of Investigation

South Sebastopol

Heritage Desk-based Assessment

December 2013

Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Limited Merchants House, Wapping Road, Bristol BS1 4RW , United Kingdom www.watermangroup.com

South Sebastopol

Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Client Name: Taylor Wimpey Document Reference: EED13247-100_R_1_1_5_R Project Number: EED13247

Quality Assurance – Approval Status

This document has been prepared and checked in accordance with Waterman Group’s IMS (BS EN ISO 9001: 2008, BS EN ISO 14001: 2004 and BS OHSAS 18001:2007)

Issue Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by First November Susana Parker Andrew Burn Fiona McKenzie 2013 Consultant Archaeologist Senior Archaeological Technical Director Consultant

Comments

Our Markets

Property & Buildings Transport & Infrastructure Energy & Utilities Environment

Disclaimer

This report has been prepared by Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Ltd, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporation of our General Terms and Condition of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to us by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at its own risk.

Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Relevant Planning Policy and Legislation ...... 3 3. Methodology ...... 6 4. Previously Identified Heritage Assets ...... 10 5. Assessment of Significance ...... 18 6. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 20 7. References and Sources ...... 21

Tables Table 1: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Heritage Assets ...... 8 Table 2: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Historic Buildings ...... 8 Table 3: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Historic Landscape ...... 9 Table 4: Listed Buildings within search area (outside site boundary) ...... 13 Table 5: Aerial Photography ...... 16

Photos Photo 1: Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal - Conservation Area ...... 12 Photo 2: Canal Tunnel (view from north side) - Grade II Listed ...... 12 Photo 3: Mile Post (Grade II listed) ...... 12 Photo 4: Mile Post (not listed) ...... 12 Photo 5: Tyr-Brychiad (Grade II listed) ...... 13 Photo 6: Wren's Nest Barn (Grade II listed) ...... 13 Photo 7: Bryn Barn ...... 16 Photo 8: Dock Cottage ...... 16

Figures Figure 1: Site Plan showing location of HER records Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

Appendices A. Time Chart & Glossary B. Historic Environment Record Information C. Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales – cover search D. LANDMAP – cultural and historical evaluations

South Sebastopol Contents Heritage Desk-based Assessment

South Sebastopol Summary Heritage Desk-based Assessment

1. Introduction

1.1. This heritage assessment has been prepared by Waterman Energy, Environment & Design Ltd (Waterman EED) on behalf of Taylor Wimpey to support the submission of a planning application for proposed development of the Site. The location and extent of the Site is shown in Figure 1. 1.2. The aim of the report is to review a baseline summary of known, built and buried heritage assets for the area, based on a previous Waterman Heritage Desk-based Assessment1 and updated/existing data, the analysis of historic sources and a walk-over survey. The aim is to also assess the potential for unknown buried heritage assets and the nature of any impact that the Development is likely to have on the buried historic environment. In addition, the impact of the development on the settings of built and buried heritage assets surrounding the Site is also assessed. 1.3. The assessment follows best practice procedures produced by Cadw and the Institute for Archaeologists (Cadw 20112 and IfA 20123) and that contained in Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales, Conserving the Historic Environment (PPW 20124). 1.4. In light of the planning policy context relating to heritage (see below for detail), this assessment forms the basis for the consideration of the need for any further archaeological investigations pre- determination to inform the planning process, such as an archaeological evaluation, and also the need, as necessary, of any measures that would mitigate the Development’s impact on the built and buried historic environment.

The Site 1.5. The site is currently located within the boundaries of Torfaen County Borough Council. It was previously in the County of Gwent (1974 – 1996), and before that it belonged to Monmouthshire County, lying for the most part in the parish of Llanfrechfa Upper, with a small part within the parish of Pontymoile United. 1.6. The Site is approximately 102 ha and centred on National Grid Reference co-ordinates ST 29000 97500. 1.7. The Site boundaries are as follows:  West – Golf course/ farmland  East – Avondale Road/ Cwmbran Drive (A4051)  North – Panted/ Sebastopol developed edge (residential)  South – Cwmbran (residential) 1.8. Other than the few farmsteads indicated on Figure 1, the Site is mainly used for agriculture (pasture, with some arable), interspersed by small residential units (which lie beyond the Site boundary, but are encircled by it), with several areas of woodland and mature hedgerows. This use of land reflects the use of land reported in historical maps consulted, with very little change since the 1840 Tithe Map – Figure 2.

1 Waterman Transport & Development Ltd, November 2010. South Sebastopol – Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Desk-based Assessment 2 Cadw, March 2011. Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales 3 Institute for Archaeologists, November 2012. Standard and Guidance: Desk Based Assessments 4 Welsh Assembly Government, November 2012. Planning Policy Wales 5th edition

South Sebastopol 1 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

1.9. The lanes and public footpaths running through the Site are all shown on the 1840 Tithe Map and may be earlier. There are mature woodland areas and hedgerows including those flanking lanes dividing up the Site. 1.10. The old canal towpath, along the eastern side of the canal, is now tarmacked, and an obvious leisure attraction – during the site visit it was being used for pedestrian access, dog walking, fishing, jogging and cycling.

Topography 1.11. The Site slopes from east to west, with the steeper gradients on the western side of the Site, at between 180 m AoD to 150 m AoD, and flatter areas on the east, a 80 m AoD. 1.12. The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal flows through the centre of the Site, north to south. Another stream flows through the southern half of the Site, and it is culverted under the canal.

Geology 1.13. According to the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England & Wales) – Solid and Drift – 1:50,000 (sheet 249), the Site is underlain by Morainic Drift over St Maughan's Group Old Red Sandstone Solid geology.

Scope of Works 1.14. This desk-based assessment supports a refreshed Planning Application (No.01/P/05525). 1.15. The proposed development comprises up to 1200 dwellings and a village centre, in addition to a mix of public and commercial uses.

South Sebastopol 2 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

2. Relevant Planning Policy and Legislation

National

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 19905 2.1. Section 66 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act (1990) highlights the importance of built heritage and listed buildings within the planning system. With regard to the Local Planning Authority’s (LPA) duty regarding listed buildings in the planning process, it states that: 2.2. “In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses”. 2.3. In addition, Section 72 of the Act emphasises the value of conservation areas in built heritage planning. In relation to the duties and powers of the LPA, it provides that: 2.4. “With respect to any buildings or other land in a conservation area, special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area”.

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 19796 2.5. Heritage assets designated under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979) are considered to be of national importance. Any works causing damage to heritage assets designated as scheduled monuments are a criminal offence under the Act. Consent to carry out prescribed works in scheduled monuments can be granted by the Secretary of State. Consents, where given, are usually subject to conditions. The Act operates wholly outside of the planning system, although most regional and local planning policies for the historic environment make some reference to scheduled monuments.

Planning Policy Wales, November 20127 2.6. The Welsh Assembly has produced Planning Policy Wales (5th Edition, November 2012) to provide advice on all aspects of planning policy in Wales - Chapter 6 of this relates to “Conserving the Historic Environment”. It states that the Assembly Government’s objectives are to:  “preserve or enhance the historic environment, recognising its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride and the quality of life, and its importance as a resource for future generations; and specifically to  protect archaeological remains, which are a finite and non-renewable resource, part of the historical and cultural identity of Wales, and valuable both for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure and the economy, particularly tourism;  ensure that the character of historic buildings is safeguarded from alterations, extensions or demolition that would compromise a building’s special architectural and historic interest; and to  ensure that conservation areas are protected or enhanced, while at the same time remaining alive and prosperous, avoiding unnecessarily detailed controls over businesses and householders.”

5 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 6 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 7 Welsh Assembly Government, November 2012. Planning Policy Wales 5th edition

South Sebastopol 3 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

2.7. Planning Policy Wales is complemented by Technical Advice Note (TAN) 12 ‘Design’ (2009).8 2.8. Detailed advice on archaeology in the planning process is contained in Welsh Office Circular 60/96 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology’.9 2.9. Welsh Office Circular 61/96 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas’10 presents the Welsh Government’s advice on the handling of historic buildings and landscapes in the planning process, and Welsh Office Circular 1/98 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales’11 updates and amends aspects of the original guidance. 2.10. A Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Importance was issued in 1998.12 A further Register of Landscapes of Special Historic Interest was issued in 2002. 13 These descriptions are available via the four Welsh Archaeological Trust websites.

Local 2.11. The Torfaen Local Development Plan (LDP), as amended by the Inspector's Report, was adopted at an Extraordinary Council meeting on 3rd December 2013. The Gwent Structure Plan and Torfaen Local Plan have therefore been superseded by the Adopted Torfaen LDP. 2.12. The Torfaen County Borough Council LDP (to 2021), Adopted Plan Written Statement, December 201314 includes the following relevant policies: BW1 General Policy - Development Proposals "All development proposals will be considered favourably providing they comply with the following criteria where they are applicable: (…) C Built Environment i) The proposal contributes to the preservation and enhancement of the historic built environment wherever possible (including heritage assets and their settings); ii) The proposal does not detrimentally affect the character of the immediate and surrounding built environment; and iii) Where practicable, existing construction materials on the site are re-used or recycled. (…)". S7 Conservation of the Natural and Historic Environment "Development proposals should seek to ensure the conservation and enhancement of the Natural, Built & Historic Environment of Torfaen, in particular: (…) d) Landscape setting; e) Character of the built environment; and f) Historic assets".

8 Technical Advice Note (TAN) 12, 2009. Design 9 Welsh Office Circular 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology 10 Welsh Office Circular 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas 11 Welsh Office Circular 1/98 Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales 12 Cadw and ICOMOS, 1998. Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Importance 13 Cadw and ICOMOS, 2002. Register of Landscapes of Special Historic Interest 14 Torfaen County Borough Council, December 2013. Local Development Plan (to 2021) – Adopted Plan – Written Statement

South Sebastopol 4 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

SAA6 South Sebastopol Strategic Action Area, Cwmbran "Land is allocated at South Sebastopol for an urban village comprising a new sustainable community consisting of 1,200 dwellings (approximately 690 to be delivered in the Plan Period) and ancillary uses focussed around a village core. This shall include education provision, community facilities, neighbourhood centre, playing pitch provision and public open space". S8 Planning Obligations "Planning obligations will be required on development proposals through S106 legal agreements where they are necessary to address the impacts of development and to make the proposal acceptable in land use planning terms. Based on evidence of local need and / or generation of need by the proposal, taking into account site specific circumstances, viability and LDP Objectives, planning obligations will be specifically targeted to achieve the key priorities of:(…) e) Maintenance and enhancement of the environment, historic assets and biodiversity networks and resources (…)". HE1 Buildings and Structures of Local Importance "Development proposals affecting buildings and structures of local importance which make a valuable contribution to the character and interest of the local area will not be permitted where the distinctive appearance, architectural integrity or their settings would be significantly adversely affected, unless the benefits of the proposal would outweigh such adverse effects".

Planning Application Background 2.13. The site was designated as one of the two major General Development Areas (GDAs) in the Adopted Local Plan for the County Borough of Torfaen (July 2000) – policy S2/2. The site does not cover the full extent of the GDA, as it excludes the Golf Course, for which there are currently no redevelopment proposals. 2.14. Subsequent to this designation several studies were commissioned, including an Environmental Statement prepared in support of a planning application by a consortium comprising the Welsh Development Agency, Barratt Homes and Crest Strategic Projects.15 2.15. Torfaen County Borough Council (Department for the Environment) adopted the South Sebastopol - Adopted Development Framework16, which relied on a Desk Based Assessment by GGAT17 for the determination of archaeological and historical significance, as well as the above mentioned Environmental Statement. 2.16. A Planning Application was submitted and in July 2011, the council voted to refuse plans to build 1,200 homes on farm and woodland in south Sebastopol, following an application by a consortium of developers including Barratt Homes and Taylor Wimpey. This also resulted in a temporary withdrawal of the South Sebastopol Strategic Action Area from the Draft Local Development Plan in February 2012, which consequently led to a recommendation by the Welsh Government that the Draft Deposit Local Development Plan be withdrawn, in August 2012. 2.17. The planning refusal was appealed, and in November 2012 the Council agreed not to contest the appeal.

15 RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement 16 Torfaen County Borough Council, March 2004. Adopted Development Framework – South Sebastopol 17 GGAT in RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement (HER report 1315)

South Sebastopol 5 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

2.18. A Statement of Evidence was presented to the Council in December 201218, which relied on a Statement of evidence on archaeology and heritage produced by Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd19. In summary the Statement of evidence concluded:  "That there will be no harm to the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area or its setting  That the listed tunnel and milepost will be entirely unaffected  That there will be no direct effect on the listed buildings in Bevan’s Lane – Tir Brychiad Farmhouse and the barn – and their immediate settings will be protected.  That there will, therefore, be no harm to the significance of listed buildings  That heritage assets will be enhanced through repairs, strengthening of landscape and through urban design". 2.19. Based on this Statement of Evidence, the Council and appellant wrote a joint open letter to the Planning Inspectorate in December 2012 “formally confirming that the Council and the Appellant have reached agreement and that the Council will no longer be contesting the two reasons for refusal”. Therefore, no statements of evidence were submitted for the Council to the Public Inquiry. 2.20. Following the close of the Public Inquiry, the Council has received a letter from the Welsh Government (Decisions Branch of the Planning Division) on the South Sebastopol appeal stating that “The target for determining the appeal is on or before 28 May 2013.” 2.21. This desk-based assessment supports a refreshed Planning Application (No.01/P/05525) for a development comprising up to 1200 dwellings and a village centre, in addition to a mix of public and commercial uses.

18 Booth, E A (The Conservation Studio), December 2012. Section 78 Appeal – Residential Development and Ancillary Retail and Community Development, Landscaping and Highways (1200 dwellings approx.) – Land West of Cwmbran Drive, South Sebastopol, Torfaen – Written Statement of Evidence

19 Smith, J S (Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd), December 2012. Statement of evidence on archaeology and heritage

South Sebastopol 6 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

3. Methodology

3.1. This assessment is primarily a desk-based exercise. It conforms to the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance: Desk Based Assessments20, and Cadw’s Conservation Principles21. This assessment also conforms with Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales, Conserving the Historic Environment (PPW 201222). 3.2. The aim of this assessment is to:  Appraise relevant heritage assets noted on the HER;  Appraise relevant heritage information in local, regional and national archives, as appropriate;  Appraise Cadw and Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) data sets;  Appraise designated heritage assets and areas, including local list and archaeological alert area designations, in the immediate area;  Conduct a walk-over survey of site and immediate area;  Assess the presence of known heritage likely to be affected by the development proposal;  Assess the potential for unknown heritage assets likely to be affected by the development proposal; and  Assess the effect of the development proposal’s (as known) on the settings of heritage assets in the study area. 3.3. The sources consulted include the Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) Historic Environment Record (HER), which consists of records of heritage assets. These relate to sites, find spots, historic buildings and heritage investigations in the area, as well as any known information relating to listed buildings and scheduled monuments. Figure 1 shows all relevant HER records in the search area (a 1 km radius from the centre of the Site). Appendix B contains a full list of all HER records in the search area. The numbers used in the text are those used by GGAT. There are also references to the NMR numbers as published online by RCAHMW via the Coflein website. 3.4. Gwent Archives were visitedto obtain information from early maps, documents and secondary sources. Extracts from other relevant historic maps can be found in Figure 2. 3.5. The Archive of Aerial Photography for Wales was also consulted and visited and the information gathered is discussed in relevant sections. Appendix C reproduces the list of photos returned on a cover search. 3.6. The Site was visited in September 2010. The aim of the visit and walkover was to identify the ground conditions, and identify any remains of previously recorded sites, or any previously unidentified remains. The weather was dry and bright. Most of the Site was accessible from public footpaths, roads and other rights of way. A photographic record of the visit was made. Some of the resultant images are reproduced in this report. 3.7. Information on previously recorded heritage assets is presented in Section 4 of this report. Section 5 provides a professional assessment of the significance of any heritage assets likely to be affected by the development proposal, an assessment for the potential for unknown heritage assets and the likely impact of the proposal on the historic environment.

20 Institute for Archaeologists, November 2011. Standard and Guidance: Desk Based Assessments 21 Cadw, March 2011. Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales 22 Welsh Assembly Government, November 2012. Planning Policy Wales 5th edition

South Sebastopol 7 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

3.8. Section 6 concludes the assessment by summing up the status and uses of the report, assessing the need for any other investigations predetermination to further inform the planning process and assesses the need to mitigate any of the development proposal’s impacts on the historic environment.

Significance Criteria 3.9. According to Cadw’s Conservation Principles ‘significance’ in the context of heritage policy is “The sum of cultural heritage values, often set out in a Statement of Significance.” Heritage asset significance criteria based on the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges23 (DMRB) methodology is used here. It sets out the criteria for determining the significance of individual assets within each of the following sub-types of heritage assets: Archaeological Remains (buried assets), Historic Buildings (extant or standing buildings) and Historic Landscape. 3.10. The determination of the value of receptors (heritage assets) is based on existing designations and data, but professional judgement is also applied where assets were identified which did not have any formal designation or previous description. Detail of criteria specific to this assessment is defined in Tables 1 to 3 below.

Table 1: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Heritage Assets

Receptor Sensitivity/ Description Value  World Heritage Sites (including nominated sites);  Assets of acknowledged international importance; and Very High  Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged international research objectives.  Scheduled Monuments (including proposed sites);  Undesignated assets of schedulable quality and importance; and High  Assets that can contribute significantly to acknowledged national research objectives.  Designated or undesignated assets that contribute to regional Medium research objectives.  Designated and undesignated assets of local importance;  Assets compromised by poor preservation and / or poor survival Low of contextual associations (settings); and  Assets of limited significance, but with potential to contribute to local research objectives. Source: DMRB HA208/07 Annex 5 Table 5.1 (amended)

Table 2: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Historic Buildings

Receptor Description Sensitivity/Value  Structures inscribed as of universal importance as World Heritage Very High Sites; and  Other buildings of recognised international significance.

23 The Highways Agency, August 2007. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2 HA 208/ 07 Cultural Heritage

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Receptor Description Sensitivity/Value  Scheduled Monuments with standing remains;  Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings;  Other listed buildings that can be shown to have exceptional High qualities in their fabric or historical associations not adequately reflected in the listing grade;  Conservation Areas containing very important buildings; and  Undesignated structures of clear national significance.  Grade II Listed Buildings;  Historic (unlisted) buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historical associations;  Conservation Areas containing buildings that contribute Medium significantly to their historic character; and  Historic Townscape or built-up areas with important historic integrity in their buildings or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures).  ‘Locally Listed’ buildings;  Historic (unlisted) buildings of modest quality in their fabric or historical association; and Low  Historic Townscape or built-up areas of limited historic integrity in their buildings, or built settings (e.g. including street furniture and other structures). Source: DMRB HA208/07 Annex 5 Table 6.1 (amended)

Table 3: Receptor Sensitivity / Value for Historic Landscape

Receptor Description Sensitivity/Value  World Heritage Sites inscribed for their historic landscape qualities;  Historic landscapes of international value, whether designated or Very High not; and  Extremely well preserved historic landscapes with exceptional coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s).  Designated historic landscapes of outstanding interest;  Undesignated landscapes of outstanding interest; High  Undesignated landscapes of high quality and importance and of demonstrable national value; and  Well preserved historic landscapes, exhibiting considerable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s).  Designated special historic landscapes;  Undesignated historic landscapes that would justify special historic landscape designation, landscapes of regional value; Medium and  Averagely well-preserved historic landscapes with reasonable coherence, time-depth or other critical factor(s).  Robust undesignated historic landscapes;  Historic landscapes with importance to local interest groups; and Low  Historic landscapes whose value is limited by poor preservation and/or poor survival of contextual associations. Source: DMRB HA208/07 Annex 5 Table 7.1 (amended)

South Sebastopol 9 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

4. Previously Identified Heritage Assets

4.1. The buried heritage background has been assessed through a walk-over survey, an assessment of secondary sources (including historic maps and place name evidence) in the Gwent Archives, a review of relevant data accessed via Torfaen Council, Cadw and RCHAMW websites and data from the GGAT HER. The intention of the search was to locate known heritage assets and settings which could be affected by the development proposal. 4.2. Furthermore, the research aimed to inform the assessment of potential for unknown heritage assets to survive within the study area from the results of previous heritage investigations in the study area.

LANDMAP 4.3. LANDMAP is a national information service devised by Natural Resources Wales (formerly by the Countryside Council for Wales), for taking landscape into account in decision making. 4.4. LANDMAP separates the landscape into five Aspects: 1) Geological Landscape: this is the study of the geology, geomorphology and hydrology of the area. 2) Landscape Habitats: looks at the distribution of vegetation and habitats and the basis for landscape ecology. 3) Visual & Sensory: this aspect identifies those landscape qualities that are perceived through the senses. It deals with the individual physical attributes of landform and land cover, as well as their visual patterns of distribution and sensory characteristics, and the relationships between them in a particular area. 4) Historic Landscape: focuses on how archaeological and historical sites relate to each other and to the surrounding landscape. 5) Cultural Landscape: this considers the relationship that exists between people and places; how people have given meaning to places, how the landscape has shaped their actions and their actions have shaped the landscape. 4.5. A review of the Historic and Cultural Landscape aspects of the Site was carried out. The LANDMAP data is presented in Appendix D.

Historic Landscape 4.6. The Site forms the most part of a Historic Landscape area identified in LANDMAP as "HL010 Maesgwyn and Tir-brychiad" (TRFNHL010). The summary description includes the following key elements:  Surviving post-medieval valley-bottom farmland and associated farms;  Agricultural landscape and farmsteads;  Communications corridor; and  Canal. 4.7. The value assigned to this area is "Moderate", and primarily reflects the "relatively modest scope of the archaeological record and the fact that HL 010 represents one of several examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement existing within Torfaen". 4.8. The principal management recommendation is to "maintain as existing", and the guideline issued is for development of the area to retain historic landscape character and content.

South Sebastopol 10 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Cultural Landscape 4.9. The Site is located within a Cultural Landscape area identified in LANDMAP as "Lowlands and Southern Ridges" (TRFNCL913). The summary description is as follows: "This is the rural area to the west, south and east of the major urban settlements of Cwmbran, Sebastopol and Croesyceiliog. The ridge that forms Mynydd Henllys and Mynydd Twynglas falls technically into the description of uplands but has been included in this Aspect Area as it forms part of the general rural character. The ridge provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by the local community." 4.10. The value assigned to this area is "High", primarily due to the fact that it provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran, and because it is well used by the local community. 4.11. The existing management is considered "generally appropriate", and therefore there are to management recommendations / guidelines.

Designated Heritage 4.12. There are no Scheduled Monuments (SM) within the site. The nearest SM lies approximately 2 km north west of the Site and - the Ironstone Works at the Upper Race (see Figure 1, 07976g), dating from the sixteenth century. This SM consists of an extensive area of scouring for iron ore, associated with local iron making by the Hanbury family since the sixteenth century, forming a deep scar down the hillside containing smaller scours and dams, levels small pits and spoil heaps. 4.13. The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area crosses the Site north to south, dividing it into approximately two halves. Torfaen County Borough Council issued the Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Proposals for this conservation area in 2011.24 The Site is located within Character Area No. 5 "Solomon’s Bridge to Mooring Basin at 5 Locks". The character area description is as follows: "Character Area No.5 currently forms a rural section of the Canal, demonstrating the age, style and materials characteristic of the Canal corridor. However, approved plans for the adjoining open fields will see much of the land developed for housing. It is hoped careful consideration will be given to maintaining the field patterns formed by adjoining hedgerows and groups of trees both in the immediate vicinity and visible from the Canal and through their retention form part of the detailed proposals for the site. Associated Canal structures such as mileposts and other detailed below relate positively to the character and appearance of the Canal corridor, including the only Canal tunnel along this length of the Monmouthshire & Brecon Canal. The new Canal basin adds interest to the area and will undoubtedly form a focus for the new development. The Canal is bounded by a hedgerow to the towpath side and intermittent tree cover to the offside bank. This green coverage provides an important feature of the Canal’s character and appearance. Expansive views are afforded across adjoining pasture and add to the rural nature of the Canal along this section".

24 Torfaen County Borough Council, 2011. Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal – Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Proposals

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Photo 1: Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal - Photo 2: Canal Tunnel (view from north side) - Conservation Area Grade II Listed

4.14. There are two listed buildings within the site:  The Canal Tunnel – Grade II Listed (23957 and 03263.73g) between Sebastopol and Cwmbran, including attached revetment walls. This tunnel built circa 1792, has sandstone facings and no towpath. It is a part of the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal - originally two canals, the Monmouthshire Canal was completed in 1799, and the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal added in 1812.  Just north of the Canal Tunnel is a Milepost - Grade II listed (80863). 4.15. During the site walkover a second milepost was observed, roughly across the canal from the Dock Cottage (the old lock keeper’s cottage), just north of Five Locks, south of the proposed development area. This is not listed, unlike the 7 mile milepost.

Photo 3: Mile Post (Grade II listed) Photo 4: Mile Post (not listed)

4.16. Additionally, there are two listed buildings which although excluded from the proposed development master plan, would nevertheless be surrounded by it. These are:  Tir-Brychiad - Grade II listed (80864 and 00102g) on the north side of Bevan’s Lane, is a one storey building, with white walls and black doors – this is recognisable in the regional tradition. It is a one storey farmhouse with semi-attic and slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams, but the doors and windows are modern with brick surrounds.  On the south side of Bevan’s Lane, east of Tir-Brychiad, is Wren’s Nest Barn – Grade II listed (80861 and 07660g), also known as Hay Barn in some documents. On the 1840 Tithe map this is shown as belonging to Wren’s Nest Cottage. It survives as a well-built stone structure, re- roofed relatively recently, but of some antiquity.

South Sebastopol 12 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Photo 5: Tyr-Brychiad (Grade II listed) Photo 6: Wren's Nest Barn (Grade II listed)

4.17. There are a further thirteen listed buildings / structures within the search area, but outside the Site boundary, and they are presented in table 4 below:

Table 4: Listed Buildings within search area (outside site boundary)

Listed Building PRN number Name Grade Number 81180 n/a Milepost on Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal II 80693 00101g Ty William Ambrose Farm (aka Hanbury Farm) II n/a Canal Bridge No 47 on Monmouthshire and 81178 Brecon Canal II n/a Culvert taking Blaen Bran under 80862 Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal II 80860 n/a Outside kitchen at Glyn Bran Farm II 80859 n/a Barn at Glyn Bran Farm II 80858 n/a Barn at Capel-llwyd II 04967g (cottage shown on 1840 3149 tithe map) Glyn Bran Farmhouse II 3147 n/a Pontrhydyrun House II 3134 00113g Capel-llwyd II 23533 n/a Church of the Holy Trinity II 18741 n/a Barn at Race Farm II 18740 00299g Race Farmhouse II

Non Designated Heritage

Pre historic, Roman, Early Medieval and Medieval (10,000BC to 1539AD) 4.18. There are no known remains or records pre-dating the sixteenth century within the Site. 4.19. There is one HER listing (00126g) for possible Roman use of a quarry approximately 100 m from the northern boundary of the Site, although there are no physical remains to confirm this. 4.20. Professor David Austin25 describes the Site's historic use as follows:

25 Austin, D., 2003. An initial assessment of the historic environment and cultural landscape of the South Sebastopol site

South Sebastopol 13 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

"In the middle ages the valley lay in the boundary zones of culture (…). To the south, east and north-east lay the Anglo-Norman landscapes of manor, village and borough, brought from Anglo- Saxon England and western Europe and with them also were the particular management protocols and habits of the Burgundian pioneers of forest and moor, the Cistercians at Llantarnam. To the north-west and west lay the Welsh landscapes of kinship and interdependence among small hamlets, scattered farmsteads and ancient rights apportioned through tir gwelyog, ffridd and mynydd. Among these complexities, the tenants of the monastic estates, the ancient kinship farmers and the serfs of the English manors led much the same hard-labouring life among the ploughed, ridged-up fields of the arable ground on the lower slopes and valley floors and the permanent and occasionally cultivated heather moorlands on the upper slopes and mountain tops. The rhythm of this traditional agriculture lay in the seasonal life amongst the cultivation of the valley floor and the pastures of the mountain areas. As such the pattern of life and labour amidst the landscape was dominated by movements between high and low land, an east-west transect at right angles to the valley itself which so clearly survives at South Sebastopol as a living corridor from the valley floor to the mountain top".

Post Medieval and Industrial Age (1540AD to 1900AD) 4.21. The earliest non-designated extant heritage asset within the Site likely to be the earthwork at Oaklands Farm (05231g). This was investigated during the Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP4, HER reports 102, 197 and 247), and the desk-based assessment suggests it may be some sort of boundary, and date from the same period as the boundary to the south of it (possibly sixteenth century). It is possible that this earthwork is related to the earthworks on a field to the north of the site, and a part of the now ruined Oaklands Farm. The pipeline runs north of the now- ruined farm complex at Oaklands. The HER adds that "The field to the north contains earthworks whose character and date cannot be determined with certainty from the surface, but which may be medieval, and since they may form part of the extended Oaklands site, and fall within the corridor, they should be examined in advance of any groundworks". 4.22. Ruins at Oaklands Farm were visible within a wooded area as was the earthwork in the adjacent field. However, the latter looked to perhaps reflect a seasonal watercourse, surrounded by boggy ground as it was during the site walkover, which also noted its irregular shape. 4.23. Oaklands House (00100g), within the Site, has been dated as seventeenth century, and is described as a “small stone farmhouse of early renaissance phase of regional style, two-room plan with stud and panel partition, broad stairs set in projecting bay and semi attic”. This would be retained in the proposed master plan as it lies within a wooded area. 4.24. The Canal is the main feature within the Site and will be the focus of the proposed development (03263.0g). It runs roughly from north to south across the proposed development area. This stretch was originally built circa 1792, and is maintained – the towpath on the east side, has been tarmaced and is used as a pedestrian and cycle path. The Canal Tunnel (03263.73) is designated as Grade II listed building. 4.25. The Llandrechfa Upper Tithe Map 1840 was consulted. Although the reproduction quality was poor, and not all field names were readable, according to the Apportionment to the Tithe Map (1842), most of the Site was used as mainly meadow, pasture, coppice, wood, arable and brake. The main land units belonged to Ty Brychiad, Maes Gwyn and Cwmbran House, and smaller units belonged to Wren’s Nest Farm, The Bryn and Oaklands. No fieldnames suggest any particular archaeological potential. The canal and canal tunnel are depicted on the map, as is the stream to the south of it.

South Sebastopol 14 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

4.26. Land use has continued to focus around the same activities since, although some of the smaller fields have been enclosed into larger ones, old buildings fell into disuse (for example Oaklands Farm), and new buildings have appeared (for example Wren’s Nest Farm). 4.27. The Llandrechfa Upper First Edition OS map from 1882 depicts the northern area of the Site. The most notable change from the 1840 tithe map is the mineral railway running along the east of the site. The large wooded areas, in the apportionment of 1842, between Oakland Farm and The Uplands Farm and south of Tir-Brychiad, remained from the 1840 tithe map to the present. 4.28. The Cwmbran First Edition OS map from 1882 shows the southern area of the Site. “Pont- rhydyryn” Station House and Bryn Barn are the notable new additions. The area north of where Wren’s Nest Farm is depicted as woodland, and Wren’s Nest Farm itself does not have any buildings at this point. 4.29. At the south-east of the proposed development area a culverted stream runs west to east under the canal and discharges on to what is suggested was once some sort of "settling tank" (07657g). The area of the "settling tank" is described in the Cwmbran 1st edition OS map with labels “Well” and “Sluice”. Current maps label this area with "Weir". During the site walkover this heritage asset was observed despite it not being easily accessible. It has retained some 2 m depth and the brick sides as visible almost all along its curved form. It is still part of the out flow of a stream culverted under the canal, although it may have been part of a designed landscape feature, as it lies adjacent to formal gardens of Cwmbran House. The culvert itself has a masonry arch in the same material and style as the canal tunnel, so it is likely date from the same period of construction. 4.30. On the west side of the railway, to the east of the proposed development area, lies the Pontrhydyrun Station House (09343g). The remains of a façade at least two-storeys high are visible from the cycle path, but obscured by mature vegetation, and it is hard to gage the extent and condition of any surviving remains. The façade appeared to be of stone. 4.31. The Blanaevon to Newport Railway (03195.0g) was a single track (mineral) railway, running from Blaenavon to Pontypool, and from Cwmbran to Newport, which has now been dismantled and is in use as a cyclepath, crossing the north-east corner of the Site. 4.32. Uplands Farm Barn (07656g) is recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map as belonging to Cwmbran House. It was developed into Uplands Farm in the late nineteenth century. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan. 4.33. Wren’s Nest Cottage (07659g) is also recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map, and still survives. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan. 4.34. Wren’s Nest Farm (07664g) is recorded in the 1840 Tithe Map as a small block of land with no buildings. Later in the nineteenth century/ twentieth century the site was developed and there are several farm buildings. The main farm building is excluded from the proposed development masterplan. 4.35. Bryn Barn (07658g) is an unusual barn structure with brick piers supporting the roof over a larger basement floor. Surrounding farm buildings are of late nineteenth century date. This is excluded from the proposed development master plan. 4.36. Maes Gwyn Farm (00108g) has a porch with a date stone inscribed with 1774. The house is made of stone rubble, with slate roof and modern windows and doorways. Farm buildings have been added to the east side of the original house. 4.37. Green Cottage (07558g) is visible on the 2nd Edition OS Map, and although the date is not certain, it is believe to date from mid to late nineteenth century. It was demolished circa 1985.

South Sebastopol 15 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

4.38. Dock Cottage (07663g) is a small two-storey building on the west side of the canal pool (Five Locks area). It was once the lock keeper’s cottage, and it is now a house, with some alterations.

Photo 7: Bryn Barn Photo 8: Dock Cottage

4.39. The National Monuments Record (NMR) maintained by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) also includes Cwmbran House and Gardens (265972). Cwmbran House is depicted on the tithe map of 1840, but the RCAHMW specifically refers to the 1901 Ordnance Survey: "This garden is depicted on the Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map of Monmouthshire XXIII, sheet 11 (1901). Its main elements on that map include greenhouses, orchard, kitchen garden and fountains".

20th Century (1901AD to 1999AD) 4.40. In 1958 Sebastopol was an industrial village which developed around Cemais-Fawr and Y-Wern, and was named after the town besieged by the French and British Armies during the 1854-5 Crimea War. The name was first applied to Steedman’s Terrace and Woodland Terrace, and was in use by December 1856.26 The Site proposed for development lies south of the original village of Sebastopol. 4.41. The Site is covered by a series of aerial photographs from 1946 to 2009, most of which were made available whilst visiting the Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales. Four prints can be used to summarise the information available, and details are summarised in table 5 below.

Table 5: Aerial Photography

Sortie Date Print 106G UK 1502 13/05/1946 4288 58 RAF 5502 03/10/1962 F22: 285 – 286 MAFF 10/06/1984 210: 177 OS 92 148 26/05/1992 27 - 29 4.42. The same large wooded areas, in the 1840 Tithe Map apportionment (dated 1842), between Oakland Farm and The Uplands Farm and south of Tir-Brychiad, are the main features of the Site. 4.43. Additionally several main hedgerows, used as land unit boundaries, but which relate closely to topographical features and particularly to several streams crossing the site, also survive to the present day. The Hedgerow Regulations 1997 provide a set of criteria to determine the importance

26 Morgan, R. 2006. Place Names of Gwent

South Sebastopol 16 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

of historic hedges. The principal qualifying are those along the canal, Bevan Lane, and around the farm of Tir Brychiad. 4.44. No new archaeological features were observed on any of the aerial photographs consulted, although the site lay under pasture in the main and this would not always reveal crop or parch marks of buried remains. 4.45. The NMR also lists Grove Park (265974), immediately south of the Site boundary, and described as follows: "This garden is depicted on the Second Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map of Monmouthshire XXIII, sheet 11 (1901). Its main elements on that map include woodland, kitchen garden, greenhouse and conservatory". Grove Park is located in an area described as "Brick Works" in the First Edition Ordnance Survey.

South Sebastopol 17 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

5. Assessment of Significance

Known heritage significance 5.1. The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area is an asset of high (national) significance. The two related Grade II listed structures within the Site, namely the Canal Tunnel and the Mile Post are assets of medium (regional) significance. 5.2. Other Grade II listed buildings, outside the Site boundary, but in close proximity, are all assets of medium (regional) significance and comprise the following:  Tir-Brychiad House, north of Bevan's Lane;  Wren's Nest Barn, south of Bevan's Lane; and  The Mile Post on the canal tow path immediately north of the Site. 5.3. Non-designated heritage assets within, or in close proximity to the Site of no more than low (local) significance include:  Wren's Nest Cottages;  Wren's Nest Farm;  Grove Park;  Cwmbran House and Gardens;  The "settling tank" feature;  Maes-gwyn Farmhouse;  The Bryn Farm Barn;  The Uplands Farm Barn;  Oaklands Farmhouse; and  The earthwork on field to the north of Oaklands Farm. 5.4. Additionally, mature woodland areas and hedgerows including those flanking lanes extant field boundaries and footpaths within the Site, are also considered to be of low (local) significance. It is possible to track these wooded areas, footpaths and field boundaries within the Site to at least the mid nineteenth century, however, many of these are likely to be even earlier, and it has been postulated elsewhere27 that the "enclosed fields whose hedges and walls have a rich complexity, sometimes proclaiming the disciplines of enclosure and improvement from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and sometimes hinting at older, medieval and earlier, organisations of the land, of open fields in the English way or tir coiddllan (in the Welsh way)".

Truncation and potential for survival 5.5. It is possible that hitherto unknown sub-soil remains of previous occupation exist within the Site, however these are likely to be linked with the historic use of the Site for agricultural purposes, and would be of no more than low (local) significance. Plough damage is expected to have truncated these heritage assets to some extent.

Potential impacts of development on the historic environment 5.6. No direct impacts are expected on extant designated assets within the Site, however the setting of these assets would be permanently altered.

27 Professor Austin. D, 2003. An initial assessment of the historic environment and cultural landscape of the South Sebastopol site

South Sebastopol 18 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

5.7. The proposed development would have a direct impact on the earthworks at Oaklands Farm (05231g). It is possible that this earthwork is related to the earthworks on a field to the north of the site, and a part of the now ruined Oaklands Farm. The HER adds that "The field to the north contains earthworks whose character and date cannot be determined with certainty from the surface, but which may be medieval, and since they may form part of the extended Oaklands site, and fall within the corridor, they should be examined in advance of any groundworks". 5.8. The masterplan retains all historic wooded areas and hedgerows within the Site, with minor exceptions to facilitate permeability.

South Sebastopol 19 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

6. Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1. The following designated heritage assets' settings would be affected by the proposed development:  The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Conservation Area;  The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal Tunnel (Grade II listed);  The Mile Post adjacent to the Canal Tunnel (Grade II listed)  Tir-Brychiad House, north of Bevan's Lane (Grade II listed);  Wren's Nest Barn, south of Bevan's Lane (Grade II listed); and  The Mile Post on the canal tow path immediately north of the Site (Grade II listed). 6.2. Additionally, the setting of the following non-designated heritage assets would also be affected:  Wren's Nest Cottages;  Wren's Nest Farm;  Grove Park;  Cwmbran House and Gardens;  The "settling tank" feature;  Maes-gwyn Farmhouse;  The Bryn Farm Barn;  The Uplands Farm Barn;  Oaklands Farmhouse;  The earthwork on field to the north of Oaklands Farm; and  Areas of historic woodland, historic hedgerows and lanes within the Site. 6.3. The setting and fabric of extant designated and non-designated heritage receptors would be safeguarded. The proposals may provide an opportunity to enhance their settings. 6.4. A number of historic woodland, hedgerows and lanes survive within the site and are likely to be of some age. These are incorporated, as far as practical, within the new masterplan. 6.5. There are no significant remains of earlier than post-medieval date known within the site area and the records for the surrounding area suggest relatively low archaeological potential. However, the paucity of hitherto recorded remains may reflect the dominance of pasture across the site and the absence of past archaeological investigation. Further archaeological investigation may be requested by the Council’s archaeological advisors (GGAT). 6.6. The canal, as suggested in the GGAT desk-based assessment28 would be the subject of prior survey and watching brief on sensitive works, with provision for recording should significant remains be encountered. 6.7. The earthwork/ field boundary at Oaklands would be the subject of an archaeological evaluation (intrusive evaluation, such as trial trenching, or non-intrusive, such as and Level 3 analytical archaeological survey, the details of which would be agreed by consultation with the Council's archaeological advisors (GGAT). 6.8. The "settling-tank" feature would be the subject of an archaeological survey prior to development.

28 RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement

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7. References and Sources

Bibliography Austin, D., 2003. An initial assessment of the historic environment and cultural landscape of the South Sebastopol site Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Booth, E A (The Conservation Studio), December 2012. Section 78 Appeal – Residential Development and Ancillary Retail and Community Development, Landscaping and Highways (1200 dwellings approx.) – Land West of Cwmbran Drive, South Sebastopol, Torfaen – Written Statement of Evidence Cadw and ICOMOS, 1998. Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Importance Cadw and ICOMOS, 2002. Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historical Interest in Wales Cardiff Cadw, March 2011. Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales Institute for Archaeologists, November 2012. Standard and Guidance: Desk Based Assessments Morgan, R. 2006. Place Names of Gwent Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 RPS Chapman Warren, June 2001. South Sebastopol Environmental Statement Smith, J S (Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd), December 2012. Statement of evidence on archaeology and heritage The Highways Agency, August 2007. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2 HA 208/ 07 Cultural Heritage Torfaen County Borough Council, December 2013. Local Development Plan (to 2021) – Adopted Plan – Written Statement Torfaen County Borough Council, 2011. Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal – Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Proposals Waterman Transport & Development Ltd, November 2010. South Sebastopol – Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Desk-based Assessment Welsh Assembly Government, 2009. Technical Advice Note 12, ‘Design’ Welsh Assembly Government, 2011. Planning Policy Wales 5th Edition Welsh Office Circular 1/98 Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales Welsh Office Circular 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology Welsh Office Circular 61/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas

Map Sources 1840 Llandrechfa Upper Tithe Map and Apportionment (held by Gwent Archives)

South Sebastopol 21 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

1882 1st edition OS Llantrechfa Upper (held by Gwent Archives) 1882 1st edition OS Cwmbran (held by Gwent Archives)

South Sebastopol 22 Heritage Desk-based Assessment

FIGURES

Figure 1: Site Plan showing location of HER records

Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

South Sebastopol Figures Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Energy, Environment & Design

N

Project Details EED13247-100: South Sebastopol

Figure Title Figure 1: Site Plan Showing Location of HER Records

Figure Ref EED13247-100_GR_AR_1A Date December 2013 File Location \\nt-lncs\weedl\projects\eed13247\100\graphics\ar\issued figures

© WATERMAN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & DESIGN Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright, Waterman Energy, Environment & Design, Pickfords Wharf, Clink Street, London SE1 9DG. Licence number 100048868. www.watermangroup.com Energy, Environment & Design

1882 1st edition OS Llantrechfa Upper

1840 Llantrechfa Upper Tithe Map

N Approximate Site Boundary

Project Details EED13247-100: South Sebastopol 1882 1st edition OS Cwmbran

Figure Title Figure 2: Relevant Historic Maps

Figure Ref EED13247-100_GR_AR_2A Date December 2013 File Location \\nt-lncs\weedl\projects\eed13247\100\graphics\ar\issued figures

© WATERMAN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & DESIGN Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright, Waterman Energy, Environment & Design, Pickfords Wharf, Clink Street, London SE1 9DG. Licence number 100048868. www.watermangroup.com

APPENDICES

A. Time Chart & Glossary

Time Chart

Palaeolithic Before 10000 BC Early Stone Age - development of man and earlier hominids Mesolithic c.10000 BC - 4500 BC Middle stone age, nomadic hunter gatherer groups.

Neolithic 4000 BC - 2400 BC New Stone Age - organised farming, passage graves. Bronze Age 2400 BC - 750 BC First use of bronze - copper mining, extensive trade links

Iron Age 750 BC - 47 AD First use of iron and earliest hillforts. Roman 48/78 AD - 409 AD Roman conquest – Wales. Early medieval 410 AD - 1065 AD Colonisation by Anglo-Saxons and others, Age of the Saints. Medieval 1066 AD - c.1500 AD Normans: 1066-1282 AD Conquest: 1283-1543 AD Post-medieval 1535/43 AD - 1750 AD The period of transition from a feudal to a capitalist economy with the formation and gradual consolidation the British Isles into many forms and structures of society that survive into the twenty-first century. Industrial age 1750 AD - 1980 AD Everything in recent centuries, especially heritage assets relating to the Industrial Revolution and the full emergence of the capitalist economy.

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Glossary

Conservation (for The process of maintaining and managing change to a heritage asset in a way heritage policy) that sustains and, where appropriate, enhances its significance. Designation A World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area designated under the relevant legislation. Heritage A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Historic environment All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora. Historic environment Information services that seek to provide access to comprehensive and record dynamic resources relating to the historic environment of a defined geographic area for public benefit and use. Setting The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. Significance (within the The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its historic environment) heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment

B. Historic Environment Record Information

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Our ref: 4671

21st November 2013

Susana Parker Waterman Energy, Environment and Design Ltd

Re: South Sabastopol – Centred ST2894397545

Dear Susana,

Please find attached search results for the area supplied in Excel and ESRI Shapefile formats. These include known sites of archaeological interest as well as archaeological events and reports within the area.

It is our professional opinion that the information attached is sufficient only for an initial archaeological appraisal of the area to be conducted. Additional information on the archaeological resource of this area may be contained in the further information files and reports of both this organisation and the Royal Commission.

Our search identified sites within the National Monuments Record held by the Royal Commission of Ancient and Historic Monument in Wales. A summary is provided below. For full details please contact RCAHMW directly: [email protected]

There were 17 Listed Buildings, 1 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and 0 Park and Garden on our records within the area. However, for the full and most up to date Listed Building Scheduled Ancient Monument and Parks and Gardens information you should contact Cadw directly as they are the record originators. [email protected]

One area identified in the Industrial Ironworks Project (Extended Ironworks ID 1W001) lies within your search area. For further information please see the report on our website http://www.ggat.org.uk/cadw/swi/english/index.html

We are currently unable to provide information about finds from the Portable Antiquities database. Please use the Scheme’s website in order to obtain this information.

8 objects are recorded on the National Museum Wales database. Please contact NMW directly for detailed information. NAME__LOCALITY_ NGR TITLE Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Prehistoric flint Glamorgan ST 30 98 flake Llanwonno, Mid Glamorgan ST 30 98 Mesolithic flint core Llanwonno, Mid ST 30 98 Prehistoric flint

Glamorgan blade

For further information and advice regarding the possible impact of development on the archaeological resource of this area, I recommend that you contact Neil Maylan, our Archaeological Planning Manager. If you would like any further information or to arrange a visit, please do not hesitate to contact me. An invoice for £60 +VAT will follow shortly.

Yours sincerely,

Sue Hill Heritage Conservation Manager Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust [email protected]

NMR NPRN NMRWNAME NGR 417941 GRIFFITHSTOWN RAILWAY STATION ST29469886 413680 UPPER CWMBRAN MILL ST2781296900 415259 PONTNEWYDD ST29229630 410522 HOUSE; PANTEG CRICKET CLUBHOUSE ST2911698707 TYNEWYDD TINPLATE WORKS; REDBROOK TINPLATE, 415481 PONTNEWYDD ST2937196516 415418 AVONDALE TINPLATE WORKS, PONTNEWYDD ST2961596534 265975 BRYN GOMER, GARDEN, CWMBRAN ST3016296977 10724 PONTRHYDRUN BAPTIST CHAPEL, PONTRHYDRUN, CWMBRAN ST30369684 20673 PONTRHYDYRUN HOUSE ST30039721 20729 RACE FARM ST30599746 34560 FIVE LOCKS, PONTNEWYDD ST28799668 36559 CAPEL LLWYD FARMHOUSE ST27829800 36943 GLYN BRAN ST27399698 85165 CWMBRAN CANAL TUNNEL ST28749736 265970 PANTEG HOUSE, GARDEN, PONTYPOOL ST2910298739 265972 CWM-BRAN HOUSE, GARDEN, CWMBRAN ST2884696958 265973 CWM-BRAN GARDENS HOTEL, GARDEN, CWMBRAN ST2891296557 310219 GLYN BRAN OUTSIDE KITCHEN ST27399700 310220 GLYN BRAN BARN ST27379698 310221 CAPEL LLWYD BARN ST27829802 265974 GROVE PARK, GARDEN, CWMBRAN ST29169700 302570 IRON ORE SCOURING, UPPER RACE, PONTYPOOL ST276986 43295 MAENDY BARN ST27959656 45007 KEMEYS FAWR ST28849821 45057 LITTLE PONT-RHYD-Y-RUN ST29759703 20298 MAESGWYN ST28319728 20499 OAKLANDS ST28399786 TY AMBROSE; TY WILLIAM AMBROSE, BEECH ROAD, 20977 SEBASTOPOL, TORFAEN ST28849800 20978 TY BRUCHIAD ST29269767 21166 YEW TREE FARM ST27599732 13144 SILOAM BAPTIST CHAPEL, UPPER CWMBRAN, ST27369693 BETHEL INDEPENDENT CHAPEL, BETHEL LANE, UPPER 13145 CWMBRAN ST27589682 ST ANDREW'S CHURCH, PONT-RHYD-YR-YNN ROAD, PONT-RHYD- 13146 YR-YNN ST29549721 13158 GOSPEL CHURCH, PONTNEWYDD ST29089648 HOPE METHODIST CHAPEL (WESLEYAN), COMMERCIAL STREET, 13159 PONTNEWYDD ST29149631 CATHOLIC CHURCH, STATION RD. AND AVONDALE RD., 13160 PONTNEWYDD ST29649621 13161 EBENEZER, PONTNEWYDD, ST29689612 20294 MAENDY HOUSE ST27909657 13134 PENYRHEOL MISSION CHURCH, GRIFFITHSTOWN ST28329912 ST HILDA'S CHURCH, SUNNYBANK RD. AND KEMEYS ST., 13138 GRIFFITHSTOWN ST29059892 13141 ST OSWALD'S , MISSION CHAPEL, WERN ROAD, GRIFFITHSTOWN ST29359829 13142 PENRY MEMORIAL, SOUTH STREET, GRIFFITHSTOWN, ST29359812 10729 RICHMOND ROAD, RICHMOND ROAD, PONTNEWYDD, ST29139648 10731 TRINITY, PONTNEWYDD, ST2933596271 307464 HOLY TRINITY, WEST PONTNEWYDD ST28729627 307530 SEBASTOPOL PENTECOSTAL CHAPEL, SEBASTOPOL ST28799819 308640 PANTEG STEELWORKS; BALDWINS WORKS, GRIFFITHSTOWN ST296985 308652 FORGE BRIDGE, CHAPEL LANE, CWMBRAN ST29929725 37001 GREENWAYS ST28809891 40479 FURNACE REVETMENT WALL, OLD FORGE, CWMBRAN ST299973 40485 OLD FOUNDRY AND FORGE, CWMBRAN ST299973

LBs RECORD_NUM NAME PUB_NGR GRADE 81180 Milepost on Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal ST29349867 II 81178 Canal Bridge No 47 on Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal ST29109796 II 80864 Tir-brychiad ST29279768 II 80863 Milepost on Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal ST28779738 II Culvert taking Blaen Bran under Monmouthshire and Brecon 80862 Canal ST28799666 II 80861 Barn on S side of Bevan's Lane ST29389757 II 80860 Outside kitchen at Glyn Bran Farm ST27399700 II 80859 Barn at Glyn Bran Farm ST27379698 II 80858 Barn at Capel-llwyd ST27829802 II 80693 Ty William Ambrose Farm (aka Hanbury Farm) ST28849800 II 3149 Glyn Bran Farmhouse ST27399698 II 3147 Pontrhydyrun House ST30039720 II 3134 Capel-llwyd ST27829800 II Canal Tunnel between Sebastopol and Cwmbran, including 23957 attached revetment walls ST28779739 II 23533 Church of the Holy Trinity ST28729627 II 18741 Barn at Race Farm ST32579740 II 18740 Race Farmhouse ST30609756 II

SAMs SAM_NO SAM_NAME NGR_X NGR_Y Iron Ore Scours at Upper Race, MM256 Pontypool 327600 198600

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GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - CORE RECORDS

Enquiry reference number: 4671 Prepared by: Sue Hill, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Produced for: Susana Parker, Waterman Energy

The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry and Copyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resulting from the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.

If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimedia form or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained in writing.

Search criteria

South Sabastopol

PRN 00098g NAME THE GREENWAY NGR ST28809891 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, Storehouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Store house of the early remaissance phase of the regional style, ca.1590-1673, on the two room plan. The hall contains moulding ca.1625-1660. DESCRIPTION Store house of the early remaissance phase of the regional style, ca.1590-1673, on the two room plan. The hall contains moulding ca.1625-1660. CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37001 SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 2/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/pt3.pp47-8 86, 156 & 166

PRN 00099g NAME KEMYS-FAWR NGR ST28849821 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Large 2-storey building converted into 2 houses. There are no external archaeological features though inside there are many small ceiling beams of ca.17th C type.

DESCRIPTION Large 2-storey building converted into 2 houses. There are no external archaeological features though inside there are many small ceiling beams of ca.17th C type.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 45007

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SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 29 NE 3/ 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1923/Hist Of Monm./Vol.3,p.119.

PRN 00100g NAME OAKLANDS NGR ST28389786 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small stone farmhouse of Early Remaissance phase of Regional style 2-room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC DESCRIPTION Small stone farmhouse of Early Remaissance phase of Regional style 2-room plan with stud & panel partition Broad stairs set in projecting bay & semi attic. 17thC CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20499 GGATE003720 SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 4/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.pp83,

PRN 00101g NAME TY WILLIAM AMBROSE NGR ST28849800 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & part stone tiled, part slate roof. Whitewashed stone walls. Doors & windows are modern though above one is a dripstone.

DESCRIPTION Small 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & part stone tiled, part slate roof. Whitewashed stone walls. Doors & windows are modern though above one is a dripstone.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 80693 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20977 GGATE003977

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 5/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.p163

PRN 00102g NAME TIR BRYCHIAD NGR ST29269767 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds.

DESCRIPTION 1-storey farmhouse with semi-attic & slate roof. The interior has many thick ceiling beams. Doors & windows are modern with brick surrounds.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 80864 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20978

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 6/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt.3,p169

PRN 00103g NAME GLYN-BRAN FARMHOUSE AND OUTER KITCHEN NGR ST27399698 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY House is in good condition. It is of 1-storey with 2 gables in the attic. These are 2 original windows one on the N.side & one on the E.end of the house.

DESCRIPTION House is in good condition. It is of 1-storey with 2 gables in the attic. These are 2 original

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windows one on the N.side & one on the E.end of the house.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3149 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36943

SOURCES

History, Upper Cwmbran No 42 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 7/ 03/PM Desc Text//Cadwell M/1979/Gwent Local Hist/A Walk About in 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.pp80 & 04/PM Desc Text/Cadw//17.11.87/Blds of Sp Arch or Hist Int/

PRN 00104g NAME 17th Century building NGR ST27399701 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Outer kitchen is rubble built with gable fireplace, gable light to loft and side entry. Probably late 17th Century.

DESCRIPTION Outer kitchen is rubble built with gable fireplace, gable light to loft and side entry. Probably late 17th Century.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 80860 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Lord Raglan Sir C/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.pp80 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 7/

PRN 00108g NAME MAES GWYN NGR ST28319725 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY House of stone rubble with slate roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E.side of house. DESCRIPTION House of stone rubble with slate roof & modern windows & doorways. Porch bears a datestone inscribed 1774. Farm buildings have been added to the E.side of house. CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20298 SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 11/ 02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm Houses/Pt3.p169

PRN 00109g NAME LITTLE RHYD-Y-RUD NGR ST29759703 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Stone rubble house, modern windows, doorways & dormer windows on S.front. Slate roof. Modern extensions to W&N sides of the original building.

DESCRIPTION Stone rubble house, modern windows, doorways & dormer windows on S.front. Slate roof. Modern extensions to W&N sides of the original building.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 45057

SOURCES

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02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3.p169 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 29 NE 12/

PRN 00113g NAME CAPEL-LLWYD NGR ST27829800 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A house of the Renaissance period with ovolo window & door surround. Scroll stops on beams, joists & stud & panel partition. 2 ogee-headed doorways.

DESCRIPTION A house of the Renaissance period with ovolo window & door surround. Scroll stops on beams, joists & stud & panel partition. 2 ogee-headed doorways.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3134 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36559

SOURCES

02/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm.Houses/V3.p170 01/MM Record Card/OS//1960/ST 29 NE 7/

PRN 00126g NAME Quarry NGR ST2998 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Roman, Quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The upper part of the lower old red sandstone W. of Abergavenny has been divided into the Brownstones & the Senni Beds below, documented as utilised in the Roman period, no further evidence to confirm.

DESCRIPTION The upper part of the lower old red sandstone W. of Abergavenny has been divided into the Brownstones & the Senni Beds below. There appears to be no evidence that these particular deposits were utilised by the Romans.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Borderland 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 29 NE 15/ 03/PM Desc Text//Pocock & Whitehead RW & TH/1943/Brit Reg-Geol Welsh 02/PH Desc Text//North FJ/1840/Arch Camb/C1,85 pp120&150-1

PRN 00299g NAME RACE FARM NGR ST30599746 COMMUNITY TYPE Post-Medieval, Farm, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Main body and external features of house, such as doorways and windows are comparatively modern. The only surviving part of the early structures is the S.wing. The building is in good condition.

DESCRIPTION Main part of house is comparatively modern & S.wing comprises the early building. It is in good condition. Externally, doorways & windows are modern. Slate roof.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 18740 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20729

SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 NW 9/ 01/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm.Houses/Pt3 p156

PRN 03195.0g NAME BLAENAVON-NEWPORT RAILWAY NGR SO25270850, SO28780028 COMMUNITY Blaenavon TYPE Post-Medieval, Railway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY FORMER D15: Dismantled railway (part mineral) running from Blaenavon to Pontypool

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(SO27900125), and from Cwmbran (ST29279485) to Newport. Blaenavon to Llantarnam was closed as a passenger line in 1962, Pontypool to Cwmbran shown as Mineral railway on OS

DESCRIPTION FORMER D15: Dismantled railway (part mineral) running from Blaenavon to Pontypool (SO27900125), and from Cwmbran (ST29279485) to Newport. Blaenavon to Llantarnam was closed as a passenger line in 1962, Pontypool to Cwmbran shown as Mineral railway on OS CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Related PRN 03195.1g GGATE003720, GGATE003721 SOURCES Report Locock M 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4 ) 197 92/02 Report Wilson N 1993 Archaeological Watching Brief Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4) 247 93/02 /PM DESC TEXT////1966-7/SEWIAS JOURNAL VOL 1 No2/p40* map/OS/1882

PRN 03262.74g NAME FIVE LOCKS, PONTNEWYDD NGR ST28799668 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY Now 03623.96g

DESCRIPTION Now 03623.96g CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 03263.0g NAME MONMOUTHSHIRE TO BRECON CANAL NGR ST3104088570, SO0464628401 COMMUNITY Shaftesbury TYPE Post-Medieval, Canal, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Originally two canals, the Monmouthshire Canal was completed in 1799 by Thomas Dadford with the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal added to this in 1812.

DESCRIPTION The Monmouthshire & Brecon Canals were originally two canals. The Act for the Monmouthshire Canal was passed in June 1792, the main promoters being Sir Charles Morgan of Tredegar, William Esdaile the London banker, Josiah Wedgewood, the 1st Duke of Beaufort and Thomas Hill the ironmaster. The engineer was Thomas Dadford Junior and it was completed in 1799 and first opened in 1801, creating 11 miles from Pontnewynydd to Newport and an 11 mile Crumlin Arm from Malpas to Crumlin. Though the projected cost was �108, 000 the final cost rose to �220, 000. The Monmouth Canal involved a combined rise of 793 feet and, the associated construction of 74 locks, 2 tunnels and 3 aqueducts. The Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal was completed in 1812 when it joined the Monmouthshire Canal at Pontymoile. In comparison to the Monmouth Canal the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal only needed 6 locks, 1 aqueduct and a 375 yard tunnel. In the 1860s the canal was eclipsed by the Brecon and Merthyr Railway though 33 miles still remains navigable.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-09-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003720

SOURCES

PRN 03263.73g NAME CWMBRAN CANAL TUNNEL NGR ST28749736 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Canal tunnel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION

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CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-08-24 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 23957 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 85165

SOURCES

01/map/OS/1882

PRN 03263.96g NAME FIVE LOCKS, PONTNEWYDD NGR ST28799668 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, Canal lock, RANK: 1 SUMMARY locks on Monmouthshire and Brecon canal DESCRIPTION locks on Monmouthshire and Brecon canal

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-08-24 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 25552 II CROSS REFERENCES Related PRN 03263.74g

SOURCES

PRN 03275.0g NAME PONTYPOOL-PANTEG RAILWAY NGR SO290002, ST29359950 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Railway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Dismantled railway from Pontypool to Panteg

DESCRIPTION Dismantled railway from Pontypool to Panteg

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

/MM RECORD CARD/OS///1978/SO20 SE36* /PM MAP/OS///1974/1:50000/* map/OS/1882

PRN 03638g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST301968 COMMUNITY Croesyceiliog TYPE Neolithic, Axe, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Neolithic axe, One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. DESCRIPTION Neolithic axe, One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 03696g NAME PONTRHYDYRUN WORKS NGR ST299973 COMMUNITY New Inn TYPE Unknown, Plating works, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION

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CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 40479

SOURCES

PRN 03698g NAME MAINDY NGR ST27909669 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20294

SOURCES

PRN 03809g NAME Pontrhydyrun House, New Inn NGR ST30059720 COMMUNITY New Inn TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Pontrhydyrun House is situated about 150m south east of Pont-y-felin; key features of the early 19th century house which is thought to date from 1815-1830 include a rendered and painted exterior, Welsh slate roof, L-shaped range with a balanced five window front and central entrance, and two storeys (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION Pontrhydyrun House is situated about 150m south east of Pont-y-felin; key features of the early 19th century house which is thought to date from 1815-1830 include a rendered and painted exterior, Welsh slate roof, L-shaped range with a balanced five window front and central entrance, and two storeys (Cadw Listed Building Description). CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00 STATUS listed building 3147 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 04967g NAME GLYN BRAN COTTAGE NGR ST275973 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Shown on 1840 tithe map

DESCRIPTION Shown on 1840 tithe map

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 04968g NAME LITTLE GREENMEADOW COTTAGE NGR ST275975 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Shown on 1840 tithe map

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DESCRIPTION Shown on 1840 tithe map

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 0

PRN 04969g NAME MOUNTAIN FARM NGR ST277976 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Unknown, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Shown on 1840 tithe map. House rebuilt, old barn to S ruined.

DESCRIPTION Shown on 1840 tithe map. House rebuilt, old barn to S ruined. CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 04970g NAME WAIN HYWEL NGR ST276977 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Shown on 1840 tithe map; rebuilt DESCRIPTION Shown on 1840 tithe map; rebuilt

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005

PRN 04971g NAME MOUNTAIN AIR NGR ST277978 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Unknown, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Shown on 1840 tithe map. Until recently Public House.

DESCRIPTION Shown on 1840 tithe map. Until recently Public House.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 04972g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST278978 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Old quarry shown on 1880 OS map. Lime kiln destroyed.

DESCRIPTION Old quarry shown on 1880 OS map. Lime kiln destroyed.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005

PRN 05010g NAME WHITE HOUSE NGR ST278983 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Unknown, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM Desc Text/Greene WH/1978/Monmouth Medley/pp8-11 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 05028g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST283990 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Old on 1st ed OS DESCRIPTION Old on 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 05044g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST279981 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Post-Medieval, Boundary stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Boundary PU/L (Pontymoile United and Llanfihangel Llantarnam): note boundary cuts across field boundaries

DESCRIPTION Boundary PU/L (Pontymoile United and Llanfihangel Llantarnam): note boundary cuts across field boundaries

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 05045g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST280987 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Circular earthwork, possibly PM structure related to lime-working

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DESCRIPTION Circular earthwork, possibly PM structure related to lime-working

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005

PRN 05057g NAME WHITEHALL NGR ST280982 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004007

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1994/Archaeological assessment A168 Archaeological assessment RAF Caewent

PRN 05058g NAME CEFN LLWYD NGR ST280984 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

Archaeological assessment RAF Caewent 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1994/Archaeological assessment A168

PRN 05059g NAME PEN-Y-RHEOL NGR ST282986 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1994/Archaeological assessment A168 Archaeological assessment RAF Caewent

PRN 05060g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST282988 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Unknown, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

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DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Archaeological assessment RAF Caewent 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1994/Archaeological assessment A168

PRN 05061g NAME HILL FARM NGR ST280988 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Unknown, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1994/Archaeological assessment A168 Archaeological assessment RAF Caewent

PRN 05188g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST276986 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Colliery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Old Shaft on 1st ed OS DESCRIPTION Old Shaft on 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-04-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 05189g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST277984 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Pool, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. 01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005

PRN 05190g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST278984 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Unknown, Pool, RANK: 1 SUMMARY On 1st ed OS

DESCRIPTION On 1st ed OS

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/PM DESC TEXT/GGAT/1997/Uplands Survey Gwent Project no. CUR 1; Report no. 97/005 Uplands Survey Gwent Project no.

PRN 05231g NAME OAKLANDS FARM NGR ST285979 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 AP OS/79 129 Shows an earthwork (at 318 998) running parallelto the road, to the west of the road. This is slightly east ofthe surviving field boundary to the south,

DESCRIPTION ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 AP OS/79 129 Shows an earthwork (at 318 998) running parallelto the road, to the west of the road. This is slightly east ofthe surviving field boundary to the south, but is probably an oldfield-bank of the same period (? 16th century) The pipeline runs north of the now-ruined farm complex atOaklands. The field to the north contains earthworks whosecharacter and date cannot be determined with certainty from thesurface, but which may be medieval, and since they may form partof the extended Oaklands site, and fall within the corridor, theyshould be examined in advance of any groundworks.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46

PRN 05232g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST297976 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 B.The pipeline (east route) crosses two fields containing surface features of unknown character and date. Although they areprobably the result of post-medieval industrial DESCRIPTION ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46 B.The pipeline (east route) crosses two fields containing surface features of unknown character and date. Although they areprobably the result of post-medieval industrial activity, they may be of earlier date, and they should be examined in advance of any groundworks.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003720

SOURCES Report Locock M 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4 ) 197 92/02 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY PONTYPOOL GAS PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) A46

PRN 07558g NAME GREEN COTTAGE NGR ST29639773 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY ruins of cottage shown as Green Cottage on 2nd Ed. OS map, finds in the area of mid to late 19th century although exact date uncertain, demolished ca. 1985 DESCRIPTION ruins of cottage shown as Green Cottage on 2nd Ed. OS map, finds in the area of mid to late 19th century although exact date uncertain, demolished ca. 1985

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1999-05-26 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003721 SOURCES Report Wilson N 1993 Archaeological Watching Brief Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4) 247 93/02 GGAT assessment A125 watching brief on Pontypool gas pipeline rationalisation

PRN 07656g NAME Upland's Farm, South Sebastopol NGR ST28539775 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07657g NAME Building, South Sebastopol NGR ST28789720 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 07658g NAME Barn, South Sebastopol NGR ST28529742 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07659g NAME Wren's Nest Cottage, South Sebastopol NGR ST29239755 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

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SOURCES

PRN 07660g NAME Barn, South Sebastopol NGR ST29389757 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07661g NAME Cottage, South Sebastopol NGR ST28309784 COMMUNITY Upper Cwmbran TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 07663g NAME Dock Cottage, South Sebastopol NGR ST28759695 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 07664g NAME Wren's Nest Farm, South Sebastopol NGR ST29009733 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE , Awaiting details, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Martin South Sebastopol

DESCRIPTION Martin South Sebastopol

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 07976g NAME UPPER RACE, PONTYPOOL NGR ST276986 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Post-Medieval, Ironstone workings, RANK: 1 SUMMARY An extensive area of scouring for iron ore, associated with local iron making by the Hanbury family since the C16th, forming a deep scar down the hillside containing smaller scours and dams, levels small pits and spoil heaps.

DESCRIPTION An extensive and exceptionally well preserved area of scouring for iron ore at Pontypool, associated with local iron making by the Hanbury family since the 16th century. The place name Upper Race derives from scouring activities on the site. The excavations form a deep scar down the hillside, supplied with water via extensive watercourses, holding ponds and hushing dams. The main scour contains smaller scours and dams, levels small pits and spoil heaps. The whole landscape it thought to have remained almost unaltered since at least the 1870s. CONDITION CONDITION: Near Intact DESCRIPTION: Condition is described as high; substantially intact, plan largely complete and coherent with good remains of superstructure surviving (Roberts 2013). RELATED EVENT: E004203 DATE OF ENTRY: 2002-04-26 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM256 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004186, GGATE004203

SOURCES Report (digital) Roberts, R. 2013 GGAT120: Early Extraction in Glamorgan and Gwent

PRN 08936g NAME Avon Dale Tinplate Works NGR ST2964396590 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Post-Medieval, Tinplate works, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Avon Dale Tinplate Works identified from Landmark Historical Mapping. The tinplate works is visible on the 1882 first edition OS map and the 1920 third edition OS map.

DESCRIPTION Avon Dale Tinplate Works identified from Landmark Historical Mapping. The tinplate works is visible on the 1882 first edition OS map and the 1920 third edition OS map.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2006-01-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/Mention/Sue Hughes/GGAT/07/12/05

PRN 09074g NAME Structure, Adjacent to Pont-y-Felin Woods NGR ST3011098191 COMMUNITY New Inn TYPE Unknown, Structure, RANK: - SUMMARY Structure, visible on 1st (1882), 2nd (1901), 3rd (1920) & 4th (1954) edition OS maps

DESCRIPTION Structure, visible on 1st (1882), 2nd (1901), 3rd (1920) & 4th (1954) edition OS maps

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2008-10-20 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

1st Edition OS map/1882 2nd Edition OS map/1901 3rd Edition OS map/1920 4th Edition OS map/1954

PRN 09343g NAME Pontrhydyrun Station House NGR ST2943497505 COMMUNITY Pontnewydd TYPE Unknown, railway station, RANK: - SUMMARY -

DESCRIPTION -

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-09-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/Desc Text/Ms. J. Compton/1991/Grid References for Several Sites/Copy in further information file.

AM - 12.03.13 (15:12) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 652. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk

Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadw and the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.

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GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - EVENT RECORDS

Enquiry reference number: 4671 Prepared by: Sue Hill, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Produced for: Susana Parker, Waterman Energy

The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry and Copyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resulting from the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.

If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimedia form or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained in writing.

Search criteria

South Sabastopol

PRN E003720 NAME Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4) NGR ST2762598441 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Desk based assessment YEAR 1992 ORGANISATION GGAT PERSON Locock M SUMMARY British Gas plc (Wales) commissioned GGAT to undertake as desk based assessment to investigate the archaeological implications of the proposed pipeline. The entire pipeline should be the subject of a watching brief.

DESCRIPTION British Gas plc (Wales) commissioned GGAT to undertake as desk based assessment to investigate the archaeological implications of the proposed pipeline. Report recommended that a watching brief of earth moving activities should be carried out during geotechnical investigations in order to allow a more informed view of the potential for subsequent fieldwork. Four sites of known or suspected archaeological importance should be investigated in advance of the pipe laying works begin. These are Oaklands field, fields near Pilkington factory, the Monmouthshire and Brecon canal and the railway.The entire pipeline should be the subject of a watching brief.

COMMENTS None ARTEFACTS TYPE: None recorded MATERIAL: - PERIOD: - DESCRIPTION: -

CROSS REFERENCES E003721 GGAT03195.0g, GGAT03263.0g, GGAT00100g, GGAT05232g

SOURCES Report Locock M 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4 ) 197 92/02

PRN E003721 NAME Watching Brief Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4) NGR ST2762598441 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Watching brief YEAR 1993 ORGANISATION GGAT PERSON WIlson N SUMMARY British Gas laid a HP gas pipeline around the east and south sides of Pontypool. A desk topstudy recommended that an archaeological watching brief on top soil stripping should be conducted. May- June 1993 the site was walked once in each direction after top soil stripping had taken place. The conclusion was that the level of archaeological activity in the area was fairly low.

DESCRIPTION British Gas laid a HP gas pipeline around the east and south sides of Pontypool. A desk topstudy recommended that an archaeological watching brief on top soil stripping should be conducted. May- June 1993 the site was walked once in each direction after top soil stripping had taken place. Artefacts were collected and all dated not earlier than the first half of the 19th century. Two new sites were identifed: the

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foundations of Green Cottage and a holloway. The conclusion was that the level of archaeological activity in the area was fairly low.

COMMENTS None ARTEFACTS TYPE: china MATERIAL: pottery PERIOD: modern DESCRIPTION: bone china, willow pattern, white-glazed sherds; sherds from stoneware jars; local coarse wares:brown tin-glaze, yellow and brown glazed red earthenwares; fine ware: white glazed sherds; fine ware: Mocha ware, willow pattern, blue and white decorated plate sherd; sherds from stoneware jars. TYPE: clay pipe MATERIAL: clay PERIOD: modern DESCRIPTION: clay pipe stems and mid 19th century bowl. TYPE: iron objects MATERIAL: metal PERIOD: modern DESCRIPTION: iron object with chrome outer casing; iron objects. CROSS REFERENCES E003720 GGAT07558g, GGAT03195.0g, GGAT07557.0g

SOURCES Report Locock M 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4 ) 197 92/02 Report Wilson N 1993 Archaeological Watching Brief Pontypool Gas Pipeline Rationalisation (HP 4) 247 93/02

PRN E003977 NAME Ty Ambrose, Sebastopol NGR ST28849800 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Archaeoloogical Watching Brief YEAR 2012 ORGANISATION Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy PERSON Dr. N Phillips SUMMARY Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy were asked to undertake an archaeological watching brief on Ty Ambrose Farm house during a series of internal floor excavations. No archaeologically significant features were seen.

DESCRIPTION Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy were asked to undertake an archaeological watching brief on Ty Ambrose Farm house during a series of internal floor excavations. A grade II building survey was also required and undertaken. No archaeologically significant features were seen. COMMENTS Planning application numbers 11/P/00564 & 11/P/00576 ARTEFACTS TYPE: None recorded MATERIAL: - PERIOD: - DESCRIPTION: -

CROSS REFERENCES - GGAT00101g SOURCES Report Phillips, N, Dr 2012 Ty Ambrose, Sebastopol

PRN E004020 NAME Grade II Building Recording Survey, Ty Ambrose Farm, Sebastopol NGR ST28849800 COMMUNITY Panteg TYPE Building Survey YEAR 2012 ORGANISATION A.P.A.C Ltd PERSON - SUMMARY APAC Ltd was commissioned to undertake a building survey of Ty Ambrose Farm, Sebastopol prior to restoration and alteration of the property to residential accommodation.

DESCRIPTION APAC Ltd was commissioned to undertake a building survey of Ty Ambrose Farm, Sebastopol prior to restoration and alteration of the property to residential accommodation.

COMMENTS Planning application: 11/P/00576 ARTEFACTS TYPE: None recorded MATERIAL: - PERIOD: - DESCRIPTION: -

CROSS REFERENCES -

SOURCES Report A.P.A.C Ltd 2012 Grade II Building Recording Survey, Ty Ambrose Farm, Sebastolpol

PRN E004203 NAME Field Visit to Upper Race, Pontypool NGR ST276986 COMMUNITY Pontymoile TYPE Field Visit YEAR 2011 ORGANISATION Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust PERSON SUMMARY A field visit undertaken as part of the Cadw funded project assessing Early Extraction in Glamorgan and Gwent.

DESCRIPTION A field visit undertaken as part of the Cadw funded project assessing Early Extraction in Glamorgan and Gwent. Above Hill Farm are the remains of various stone quarries (limestone) with possible indications of the use of fire setting to split larger boulders. These quarries may be related to the production of lime for the nearby Ironworks and/or road stone/building stone (note nearby stone surfaced trackway/tramroad).

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Various features identifiable within the SAM area extend beyond the SAM boundaries including tips to the N and the course of a well defined tramroad with stone blocks and possibly others not noted. To the S contouring the slopes beyond White House (i.e. to the S and W of the latter) a concentration of small to medium sized pits (both circular and rectangular) and spoil heaps were noted in dense bracken; these appear to form an earlier phase of extraction before the major scouring of the area. Within the SAM area a linear embankment was noted leading from main N-S track to an old shaft (coal shown on 1st ed. 12-inch OS map) within the SAM area. Whist this may have been used as a tram embankment it might represent the remains of a hushing reservoir dam. Two water supplies appear to have been used to excavate the two major scours on the E side of the SAM area: a pond (05190g; at ST2774198370) at White House (the curved embankment which would have directed the water from the sluice in the pond dam towards the E scour remains), and an extensive leat which extended from the SW, fed by a system of leats and drains located some distance away at Blaen-Bran. The secondary working of exposed stone and in the form of pits/trenches and possible collapsed adits was noted along the base and sides of the E scour, indications of lateral leats to the scour are inconclusive though these may have been provided by wooden launders. The far SWarea of SAM and higher area of scouring was not visited, however a number of NW-SE aligned linear features and areas of scouring were noted cutting the slopes from above. Aerial photographs show two divergent leats extending NE (the lower) and ENE (the upper) from a single point in a partially reclaimed area to the SW (the site of a major scouring reservoir?), to contour the NW facing slopes of Mynydd Twyn-glas; the upper of the leats feeds a surviving scouring reservoir (at ST2745098427), embanked on three sides. Just east of the reservoir another leat extends SE to the top of the main quarry face, and from the same point a major scour extends N, just above and W of the quarry face. The lower of the leats, cut by the major scour, formerly extended to the quarry face. A rapid visit was made to the site of workings within Cwm Lickey (Cwm Lleucu) to the NW of the SAM area where the remains of buildings and shafts relate to features shown on the 1st edition (Roberts 2013).

COMMENTS ARTEFACTS TYPE: None recorded MATERIAL: - PERIOD: - DESCRIPTION: - CROSS REFERENCES E004186 GGAT07976g

SOURCES Report (digital) Roberts, R. 2013 GGAT120: Early Extraction in Glamorgan and Gwent

AM - 12.03.13 (15:12) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 652. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk

Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadw and the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.

3 of 3 03/12/2013 15:17 REPOR T_NUM GET GES GEP BER YEAR PLACE_ADDRESS ORGANISATION REPORT_TYPE DATE_OF_REPORT_ENTRY NGR SMR_BOX_NO GGAT_PROJECT_NO Land at Chapel Lane, Cwmbran: Archaeological Desk-based 0 1645 2004 Sept Assessment Cotswold Desk Based Assessment 25/11/2004 ST29909740 204/06 0 1315 2000 SOUTH SEBASTOPOL GGAT Desk Based Assessment 21/05/2003 ST285975 203/02 A577 SOUTH SEBASTOPOL SEWAGE PIPELINE, TORFAEN: 0 784 2001 MAR ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT GGAT Desk Based Assessment 01/02/2003 ST29429723 201/01 A663 ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF: PONTYPOOL GAS 0 247 1993 MAY-JUN PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) GGAT Watching Brief 01/12/2002 ST28409790 93/04 A125 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK TOP STUDY: PONTYPOOL GAS 0 197 1992 MAR PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) x2 GGAT Desk Based Assessment 01/12/2002 ST28409740 92/02 A046 ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF: PONTYPOOL GAS 0 102 1993 MAY-JUN PIPELINE RATIONALISATION (HP 4) GGAT Watching Brief 01/12/2002 ST28409790 93/02 A125 SMR_ ENTR Y_INI GIS_EVENT_ X Y RELATED_PRNS INTO_SMR_ DATE_OF_SMR_ENTRY CD_ROM_DATA_ EVIDENCE TIALS POLYGON_ PUBLIC_DOMAIN UA ON_LOAN INITIALS DATE_OUT DATE_RETURNED ROWID

329900 197400 0 0000-00-00 0 Positive 0 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1641 328500 197500 0 0000-00-00 0 0 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1313

329420 197230 0 0000-00-00 0 0 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 784

328400 197900 0 0000-00-00 0 0 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 247

328400 197400 0 0000-00-00 0 1 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 197

328400 197900 0 0000-00-00 0 0 1 0 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 102

C. Central Register of Aerial Photography for Wales – cover search

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment

D. LANDMAP – cultural and historical evaluations

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment

Historic Landscape

Aspect Area Name HL010 Maesgwyn and Tir­brychiad

Aspect Area Rural environment/Agricultural/Regular Classification Fieldscapes (Level 3)

Aspect Area Code TRFNHL010

Date Of Survey : 01/06/2002

Crown Copyright. All rights reserved CCW 100018813 2005

Monitoring

Date of monitoring? 12 March 2012 Monitoring undertaken by Govannon Has this record has been updated following monitoring work? This record has been updated following monitoring work as more up to date information is available Fieldwork Change indicated by Fieldwork OS Data, Aerial Photographs Boundaries What has changed? Boundaries Has the information ever been verified in the field? Yes (Level 3; 1:25,000 Visited for monitoring work in 2012...) Does this area have a special or functional link with an adjacent Yes (Surviving fieldscape, once typical of now urbanised areas TRFNHL001 and TRFNHL012) area? Description

If Classification is "Other", specify here Surviving post­medieval valley­bottom farmland and associated farms. Agricultural landscape and Summary Description / Key Patterns and Elements farmsteads. Communications corridor. Canal. Irregular Fieldscapes If working at level 3, the classification describes the dominant Regular Fieldscapes historic pattern, but which other patterns are important to the Woodland historical pattern of this area? (Tick all that apply) Other Settlement Communications Which traditional boundary types prevail in the area? (Tick all that Hedgerow apply) Hedgebank Buildings & Structures Documentary What is the nature of any significant archaeological interest in the Industrial Archaeology area? (Tick all that apply) Other (Most significant archaeological elements: Communications route ­ Monmouthshire canal ­ national significance...... Post­medieval farmsteads ­ local significance...... ) Medieval (to 1536) Which chronological period is dominant in the area? Post Medieval (1536+) Has a Historic Landscape Characterisation been undertaken here? No Are there SMR sites here? Yes Are there SAMs here? No Are there Listed Buildings here? Yes Are there Registered Historic Parks and Gardens here? No Are there Conservation Areas here? No Are there World Heritage Sites here? No Is the area within a Registered Landscape of Historic Interest? No Evaluation

Moderate (The moderate value assigned to this area primarily reflects the relatively modest scope of the Value: archaeological record and the fact that HL 010 represents one of several examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement existing within the Torfaen HL...) Condition: Good Trend: Declining Recommendations

Existing management Unassessed Existing management remarks: Principal management recommendations Maintain as existing Guideline Immediate (Ensure development of the area retains historic landscape character and content) Aspect Area Boundary

To what level was this information site­surveyed? Level 3 At 1:10,000, how much of the Aspect Area boundary is precise? All What baseline information source was used for Aspect Area OS Raster boundary mapping? If OS Data was used, what was the scale? 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 Extent of surviving low­lying agricultural landscape centred on the possible Monastic Grange of Maesgwyn and is an area dominated by larger regular enclosures, the result of continued agricultural rationalisation and amalgamation of earlier enclosures, including medieval strip­fields...... The area's northern, What is the justification for the Aspect Area boundaries? southern and eastern extents are defined by the limits of current urban development and transport corridors; HL001 and HL012, while its western boundary is delimited by the dramatic change in gradient of the enclosed valleyside HL007 with its largely intact early fieldscape, dominated by medieval stripfields...... Evaluation Matrix

High (This area of mixed fieldscape (incorporating elements of regular and irregular enclosure) and dispersed settlement interspersed with pockets of woodland has remained remarkably intact and cohesive... The settlement pattern (characterised by isolated farmsteads) and the majority of the field Evaluation Criteria: Integrity boundaries (defined by a strong network of hedges and hedgebanks) shown on the OS 1st edition map are still visible today... A well­preserved section of the late 18th century Monmouthshire Canal bisects this landscape...) High (The pattern of field boundaries shown on the OS 1st edition map has survived largely intact up to the present day, defined by a strong network of hedges and hedgebanks... The pattern of dispersed settlement, characterised by dispersed farmsteads has also remained intact, with little evidence of encroachment by urban sprawl from Cwmbran further to the S... The archaeological record for this area is Evaluation Criteria: Survival relatively modest in scope, chiefly restricted to post medieval vernacular houses such as Tir­Brychiad and Maes Gwyn House (GGAT PRN 00102g; PRN 00108g) while industrial transport features are represented by a well­preserved section of the late 18th century Monmouthshire Canal (GGAT PRN 03263g), which bisects this aspect area, including associated features, such as the Cwmbran Canal Tunnel (GGAT PRN 03263...73g) and Dock Cottage (GGAT PRN 07663g)...) Evaluation Criteria: Condition Moderate Low (Other examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement exist within the Evaluation Criteria: Rarity Torfaen historic landscape (HL002, HL005)...) Moderate (Moderate potential for research on the origins and development of this post­medieval Evaluation Criteria: Potential agricultural landscape... The Monmouthshire Canal extends through this area and has significant potential as a leisure amenity...) Evaluation Criteria: Overall Evaluation Moderate The moderate value assigned to this area primarily reflects the relatively modest scope of the Justification of overall evaluation archaeological record and the fact that HL 010 represents one of several examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement existing within the Torfaen HL... Bibliography

Barber, C 1999 Eastern Valley: The Story of Torfaen, Llanfoist, Abergavenny...... Bradney, JA 1993 History of Monmouthshire Vol...... V: The Hundred of Newport, Cardiff...... Byles, A 1982 The history of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company, Cwmbran...... Fox, C and Raglan, Lord 1954 Monmouthshire Houses: A study of the building techniques and smaller house­plans in the 15th the 17th List the key sources used for this assessment centuries 3: Renaissance houses, c...... 1590 ­ 1714, National Museum of Wales Cardiff...... Stevens, RA 1974 Brecknock & Abergavenny and Monmouthshire Canals, Towpath Guide No...... 2, Cambridge...... Williams, DH 1976 White Monks in Gwent and the Border...... Pontypool Williams, DH 1984 The Welsh Cistercians, Caldey Williams, DH 1990 Atlas of Cistercian Lands in Wales, Cardiff...... OS 6­inch 1st edition (1880) SMR (GGAT, Swansea) NMR (RCAHMW, Aberystwyth) Assessment

Additional Assessments Additional Comments Historic Landscape

Aspect Area Name HL010 Maesgwyn and Tir­brychiad

Aspect Area Rural environment/Agricultural/Regular Classification Fieldscapes (Level 3)

Aspect Area Code TRFNHL010

Date Of Survey : 01/06/2002

Crown Copyright. All rights reserved CCW 100018813 2005

Monitoring

Date of monitoring? 12 March 2012 Monitoring undertaken by Govannon Has this record has been updated following monitoring work? This record has been updated following monitoring work as more up to date information is available Fieldwork Change indicated by Fieldwork OS Data, Aerial Photographs Boundaries What has changed? Boundaries Has the information ever been verified in the field? Yes (Level 3; 1:25,000 Visited for monitoring work in 2012...) Does this area have a special or functional link with an adjacent Yes (Surviving fieldscape, once typical of now urbanised areas TRFNHL001 and TRFNHL012) area? Description

If Classification is "Other", specify here Surviving post­medieval valley­bottom farmland and associated farms. Agricultural landscape and Summary Description / Key Patterns and Elements farmsteads. Communications corridor. Canal. Irregular Fieldscapes If working at level 3, the classification describes the dominant Regular Fieldscapes historic pattern, but which other patterns are important to the Woodland historical pattern of this area? (Tick all that apply) Other Settlement Communications Which traditional boundary types prevail in the area? (Tick all that Hedgerow apply) Hedgebank Buildings & Structures Documentary What is the nature of any significant archaeological interest in the Industrial Archaeology area? (Tick all that apply) Other (Most significant archaeological elements: Communications route ­ Monmouthshire canal ­ national significance...... Post­medieval farmsteads ­ local significance...... ) Medieval (to 1536) Which chronological period is dominant in the area? Post Medieval (1536+) Has a Historic Landscape Characterisation been undertaken here? No Are there SMR sites here? Yes Are there SAMs here? No Are there Listed Buildings here? Yes Are there Registered Historic Parks and Gardens here? No Are there Conservation Areas here? No Are there World Heritage Sites here? No Is the area within a Registered Landscape of Historic Interest? No Evaluation

Moderate (The moderate value assigned to this area primarily reflects the relatively modest scope of the Value: archaeological record and the fact that HL 010 represents one of several examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement existing within the Torfaen HL...) Condition: Good Trend: Declining Recommendations

Existing management Unassessed Existing management remarks: Principal management recommendations Maintain as existing Guideline Immediate (Ensure development of the area retains historic landscape character and content) Aspect Area Boundary

To what level was this information site­surveyed? Level 3 At 1:10,000, how much of the Aspect Area boundary is precise? All What baseline information source was used for Aspect Area OS Raster boundary mapping? If OS Data was used, what was the scale? 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 Extent of surviving low­lying agricultural landscape centred on the possible Monastic Grange of Maesgwyn and is an area dominated by larger regular enclosures, the result of continued agricultural rationalisation and amalgamation of earlier enclosures, including medieval strip­fields...... The area's northern, What is the justification for the Aspect Area boundaries? southern and eastern extents are defined by the limits of current urban development and transport corridors; HL001 and HL012, while its western boundary is delimited by the dramatic change in gradient of the enclosed valleyside HL007 with its largely intact early fieldscape, dominated by medieval stripfields...... Evaluation Matrix

High (This area of mixed fieldscape (incorporating elements of regular and irregular enclosure) and dispersed settlement interspersed with pockets of woodland has remained remarkably intact and cohesive... The settlement pattern (characterised by isolated farmsteads) and the majority of the field Evaluation Criteria: Integrity boundaries (defined by a strong network of hedges and hedgebanks) shown on the OS 1st edition map are still visible today... A well­preserved section of the late 18th century Monmouthshire Canal bisects this landscape...) High (The pattern of field boundaries shown on the OS 1st edition map has survived largely intact up to the present day, defined by a strong network of hedges and hedgebanks... The pattern of dispersed settlement, characterised by dispersed farmsteads has also remained intact, with little evidence of encroachment by urban sprawl from Cwmbran further to the S... The archaeological record for this area is Evaluation Criteria: Survival relatively modest in scope, chiefly restricted to post medieval vernacular houses such as Tir­Brychiad and Maes Gwyn House (GGAT PRN 00102g; PRN 00108g) while industrial transport features are represented by a well­preserved section of the late 18th century Monmouthshire Canal (GGAT PRN 03263g), which bisects this aspect area, including associated features, such as the Cwmbran Canal Tunnel (GGAT PRN 03263...73g) and Dock Cottage (GGAT PRN 07663g)...) Evaluation Criteria: Condition Moderate Low (Other examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement exist within the Evaluation Criteria: Rarity Torfaen historic landscape (HL002, HL005)...) Moderate (Moderate potential for research on the origins and development of this post­medieval Evaluation Criteria: Potential agricultural landscape... The Monmouthshire Canal extends through this area and has significant potential as a leisure amenity...) Evaluation Criteria: Overall Evaluation Moderate The moderate value assigned to this area primarily reflects the relatively modest scope of the Justification of overall evaluation archaeological record and the fact that HL 010 represents one of several examples of irregular fieldscapes with patterns of dispersed settlement existing within the Torfaen HL... Bibliography

Barber, C 1999 Eastern Valley: The Story of Torfaen, Llanfoist, Abergavenny...... Bradney, JA 1993 History of Monmouthshire Vol...... V: The Hundred of Newport, Cardiff...... Byles, A 1982 The history of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company, Cwmbran...... Fox, C and Raglan, Lord 1954 Monmouthshire Houses: A study of the building techniques and smaller house­plans in the 15th the 17th List the key sources used for this assessment centuries 3: Renaissance houses, c...... 1590 ­ 1714, National Museum of Wales Cardiff...... Stevens, RA 1974 Brecknock & Abergavenny and Monmouthshire Canals, Towpath Guide No...... 2, Cambridge...... Williams, DH 1976 White Monks in Gwent and the Border...... Pontypool Williams, DH 1984 The Welsh Cistercians, Caldey Williams, DH 1990 Atlas of Cistercian Lands in Wales, Cardiff...... OS 6­inch 1st edition (1880) SMR (GGAT, Swansea) NMR (RCAHMW, Aberystwyth) Assessment

Additional Assessments Additional Comments Cultural Landscape

Aspect Area Name Lowlands and Southern Ridges

Aspect Area Influences/Material expressions/Rural/Other Rural Classification (specify) (Level 4)

Aspect Area Code TRFNCL913

Date Of Survey : 23/03/2004

Crown Copyright. All rights reserved CCW 100018813 2005

Monitoring

Has the information ever been verified in the field? Yes (1:25000) Does this area have a special or functional link with an adjacent Yes (Provides a physical and visual backdrop to Cwmbran and other settlements, used increasingly for area? leisure & recreation) Description

''Other rural'' chosen because the Aspect Area contains settlements of great historic importance, bearing If Classification is "Other", specify here the imprint of successive periods of influence and intervention The classification at level 3 describes the dominant cultural context, Places but which other contexts are important to the cultural landscape of Rural this area? Agricultural Which level 4 classes are particularly significant to the cultural Forestry landscape character of this area ­ Influences? Rural Settlement Sense of Place Which level 4 classes are particularly significant to the cultural Leisure/Recreation landscape character of this area ­ Associations? Places & Place Names To what extent do the context and level 4 details selected contribute Strong (Level 4 details contribute to the culturally important rural character and relationship with to the cultural identity, local distinctiveness or sense of place of the neighbouring urban areas) area? To what extent is the cultural information widely recognised or Locally (Important locally) appreciated? Are there any artistic expressions that are particularly famous or No associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any people / movements / institutions that are No particularly famous or associated with the Aspect Area? Is there any folklore or are there legends that are particularly No famous or associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any events/traditions that are particularly famous or No associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any technical / scientific discoveries that are particularly No famous or associated with the Aspect Area? What are the attributes of the cultural elements in the Aspect Area? Evolved Inter War Post 1950 What chronological periods are culturally dominant in the area? Late Medieval Medieval Are there certain place­names in the area that are particularly No significant? n/a If yes, give examples of the place­names and their significance n/a n/a This is the rural area to the west, south and east of the major urban settlements of Cwmbran, Sebastopol and Croesyceiliog. The ridge that forms Mynydd Henllys and Mynydd Twynglas falls technically into the Summary Description: (no more than 150 words) description of uplands but has been included in this Aspect Area as it forms part of the general rural character. The ridge provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by the local community Evaluation

High (The Aspect Area provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by the local Value: community) Condition: Fair (The condition varies but the high value of land and property means that it is in fair condition) Trend: Constant (Again there is variation, but the general trend is constant) Recommendations

Existing management: Generally Appropriate Existing management remarks: None Principal management recommendations None Immediate (n/a) Guideline Medium Term (n/a) Long Term (n/a) Tolerance To Change

Are there any significant threats to the current integrity and No condition of the Cultural Landscape features of the area? Aspect Area Boundary

To what level was this information site­surveyed? Level 4 At 1:10,000, how much of the Aspect Area boundary is precise? Most (It is not possible to be precise on such large polygons) What baseline information source was used for Aspect Area OS Landline boundary mapping? If OS Data was used, what was the scale? 1:25,000 What is the justification for the Aspect Area boundaries? This is a wide but cohesive rural area surrounding the major southern settlements in Torfaen Evaluation Matrix

Evaluation Criteria: Recognition/transparency Moderate (Very well known and regarded on a local basis) High (A landscape of mixed periods but essentially that as formed during late medieval period with later Evaluation Criteria: Period impositions) Evaluation Criteria: Rarity Moderate (Some rare habitats) Evaluation Criteria: Documentation Low (No particularly strong sense of documentation) Evaluation Criteria: Group Value High (Has a strong sense of shared identity) Evaluation Criteria: Survival Moderate (There are constant pressures for development and intrusive recreational activity) Evaluation Criteria: Vulnerability Moderate (Wildlife habitats are vulnerable) Evaluation Criteria: Diversity Moderate (There is a certain amount of diversity amongst the constituent parts of the area) Evaluation Criteria: Potential Moderate (There is some potential for agricultural improvement and controlled recreational use.) Evaluation Criteria: Overall Evaluation High (Well established and culturally important for its rural character) The Aspect Area provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by and of value to Justification of overall evaluation the local community Bibliography

List the key sources used for this assessment Assessment

Additional Assessments None Additional Comments Cultural Landscape

Aspect Area Name Lowlands and Southern Ridges

Aspect Area Influences/Material expressions/Rural/Other Rural Classification (specify) (Level 4)

Aspect Area Code TRFNCL913

Date Of Survey : 23/03/2004

Crown Copyright. All rights reserved CCW 100018813 2005

Monitoring

Has the information ever been verified in the field? Yes (1:25000) Does this area have a special or functional link with an adjacent Yes (Provides a physical and visual backdrop to Cwmbran and other settlements, used increasingly for area? leisure & recreation) Description

''Other rural'' chosen because the Aspect Area contains settlements of great historic importance, bearing If Classification is "Other", specify here the imprint of successive periods of influence and intervention The classification at level 3 describes the dominant cultural context, Places but which other contexts are important to the cultural landscape of Rural this area? Agricultural Which level 4 classes are particularly significant to the cultural Forestry landscape character of this area ­ Influences? Rural Settlement Sense of Place Which level 4 classes are particularly significant to the cultural Leisure/Recreation landscape character of this area ­ Associations? Places & Place Names To what extent do the context and level 4 details selected contribute Strong (Level 4 details contribute to the culturally important rural character and relationship with to the cultural identity, local distinctiveness or sense of place of the neighbouring urban areas) area? To what extent is the cultural information widely recognised or Locally (Important locally) appreciated? Are there any artistic expressions that are particularly famous or No associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any people / movements / institutions that are No particularly famous or associated with the Aspect Area? Is there any folklore or are there legends that are particularly No famous or associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any events/traditions that are particularly famous or No associated with the Aspect Area? Are there any technical / scientific discoveries that are particularly No famous or associated with the Aspect Area? What are the attributes of the cultural elements in the Aspect Area? Evolved Inter War Post 1950 What chronological periods are culturally dominant in the area? Late Medieval Medieval Are there certain place­names in the area that are particularly No significant? n/a If yes, give examples of the place­names and their significance n/a n/a This is the rural area to the west, south and east of the major urban settlements of Cwmbran, Sebastopol and Croesyceiliog. The ridge that forms Mynydd Henllys and Mynydd Twynglas falls technically into the Summary Description: (no more than 150 words) description of uplands but has been included in this Aspect Area as it forms part of the general rural character. The ridge provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by the local community Evaluation

High (The Aspect Area provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by the local Value: community) Condition: Fair (The condition varies but the high value of land and property means that it is in fair condition) Trend: Constant (Again there is variation, but the general trend is constant) Recommendations

Existing management: Generally Appropriate Existing management remarks: None Principal management recommendations None Immediate (n/a) Guideline Medium Term (n/a) Long Term (n/a) Tolerance To Change

Are there any significant threats to the current integrity and No condition of the Cultural Landscape features of the area? Aspect Area Boundary

To what level was this information site­surveyed? Level 4 At 1:10,000, how much of the Aspect Area boundary is precise? Most (It is not possible to be precise on such large polygons) What baseline information source was used for Aspect Area OS Landline boundary mapping? If OS Data was used, what was the scale? 1:25,000 What is the justification for the Aspect Area boundaries? This is a wide but cohesive rural area surrounding the major southern settlements in Torfaen Evaluation Matrix

Evaluation Criteria: Recognition/transparency Moderate (Very well known and regarded on a local basis) High (A landscape of mixed periods but essentially that as formed during late medieval period with later Evaluation Criteria: Period impositions) Evaluation Criteria: Rarity Moderate (Some rare habitats) Evaluation Criteria: Documentation Low (No particularly strong sense of documentation) Evaluation Criteria: Group Value High (Has a strong sense of shared identity) Evaluation Criteria: Survival Moderate (There are constant pressures for development and intrusive recreational activity) Evaluation Criteria: Vulnerability Moderate (Wildlife habitats are vulnerable) Evaluation Criteria: Diversity Moderate (There is a certain amount of diversity amongst the constituent parts of the area) Evaluation Criteria: Potential Moderate (There is some potential for agricultural improvement and controlled recreational use.) Evaluation Criteria: Overall Evaluation High (Well established and culturally important for its rural character) The Aspect Area provides an important backdrop to Cwmbran and is an area well used by and of value to Justification of overall evaluation the local community Bibliography

List the key sources used for this assessment Assessment

Additional Assessments None Additional Comments

South Sebastopol Appendices Heritage Desk-based Assessment