INVENTORY AND ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF KHIMTI HYDROPOWER PROJECT, CENTRAL

Shalik R. Sigdel*, Maan B. Rokaya** and Binu Timsina*** *)RUHVW5HVRXUFH$VVHVVPHQW )5$ 1HSDO%DEDUPDKDO.DWKPDQGX1HSDO ** ,QVWLWXWHRI%RWDQ\$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHVRI&]HFK5HSXEOLF=DPHN3UĤKRQLFH&]HFK5HSXEOLF ***,QVWLWXWHIRU(QYLURQPHQWDO6WXGLHV)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFH&KDUOHV8QLYHUVLW\%HQDWVND3UDJXH&]HFK 5HSXEOLF

Abstract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¿OOWKH ORVVFDXVHGE\SURMHFWORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVVKRXOGEHPDGHDZDUHDERXWWKHSURSHUPDQDJHPHQWRIELRGLYHUVLW\DQGLWLV QHFHVVDU\WRKDYHFXOWLYDWLRQRIKLJKO\XVHGDVZHOODVSRWHQWLDOO\LPSRUWDQWSODQWVRXWVLGHWKHSURMHFWDUHD

Keywords: (WKQRERWDQ\(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW.KLPWLK\GURSRZHUSURMHFW

INTRODUCTION biodiversity rich and is embracing many developmental DFWLYLWLHVQHHGVSURSHUPRQLWRULQJDQGULVNDVVHVVPHQW %LRGLYHUVLW\ UHIHUV WR YDULHW\ RI OLIH DQG LV XQHYHQO\ RI XSFRPLQJ GHYHORSPHQWDO SURMHFWV 1HSDO KDV GLVWULEXWHG DFURVV WKH ZRUOG *DVWRQ   1HSDO PDQGDWRU\ SURYLVLRQ WR KDYH (QYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW with varied type of bioclimate is rich in biodiversity DVVHVVPHQW (,$ RU,QLWLDO(QYLURQPHQWDO$VVHVVPHQW (Chaudhary, 1998) but is too heterogeneous across the ,($  RU ,QLWLDO (QYLURQPHQWDO ([DPLQDWLRQ ,((  IRU FRXQWU\3HRSOHLQ1HSDODUHYHU\PXFKGHSHQGHQWRQ DOO NLQGV RI GHYHORSPHQWDO SURMHFWV 0R)6&1&6,3 ELRGLYHUVLW\ WR IXO¿OO YDULRXV QHHGV 7KHUH DUH PDQ\  7KHVHWZRWRROVKHOSWRLGHQWLI\DQGHYDOXDWHWKH studies carried out related to the use of biodiversity (see SRVVLEOHLPSDFWVFDXVHGE\DQ\GHYHORSPHQWDOSURMHFWV &KDXGKDU\6KUHVWKDHWDO-RVKLDQG-RVKL %KDWWDDQG.KDQDO   DQGVHYHUDORWKHUVWXGLHVKDYHDOVRDVVHVVHGWKH particular uses of biodiversity locally in various parts The present study is related to plant inventory and their et al RI1HSDO HJ0DQDQGKDU6KUHVWKD  XWLOL]DWLRQE\WKHORFDOSHRSOHLQKDELWLQJLQWKHSURMHFW et al %DUDO DQG .XUPL  5RND\D    DUHDRI.KLPWL+\GURSRZHUSURMHFWORFDWHGLQEHWZHHQ 8SUHW\ et al   5DPHFKKDS DQG 'RODNKD 'LVWULFWV FHQWUDO 1HSDO :H VSHFL¿FDOO\WU\WRDQVZHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQVLQWKH It has been repeatedly pointed out that biodiversity SUHVHQWUHVHDUFK:KDWLVÀRUDOGLYHUVLW\LQ.KLPWLDUHD" has declined due to human induced activities such +RZLVWKHSODQWGLYHUVLW\XVHGE\ORFDOSHRSOH" DV KDSKD]DUG RYHUKDUYHVWLQJ IRUHVW ¿UHV VKLIWLQJ cultivation, deforestation, habitat encroachment in MATERIALS AND METHODS 1HSDO &KDXGKDU\   'LIIHUHQW QDWXUDO KD]DUGV OLNHODQGVOLGHVKHDY\UDLQIDOOHWFDOVRRIWHQFRQWULEXWH Study area in depletion of various biodiversity components such 7KHVWXG\DUHDLVORFDWHGLQEHWZHHQž¶´(WR DV PHGLFLQDO SODQWV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR DERYH PHQWLRQHG ž¶ ´ ( ORQJLWXGHV DQG ž¶´ WR ž¶ ´ points, many human needed developmental activities 1ODWLWXGHVWKDWLVDERXW.PHDVWRI.DWKPDQGXLQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI URDGV K\GURSRZHU HWF  WRR KDYH EHWZHHQ5DPHFKKDSDQG'RODNKDGLVWULFWV,WIDOOVLQVLGH QHJDWLYHLPSDFWRQELRGLYHUVLW\7KXV1HSDOZKLFKLV WKH UHFHQWO\ HVWDEOLVKHG *DXULVKDQNHU &RQVHUYDWLRQ $UHD

Author for Correspondence : 6KDOLN56LJGHO)RUHVW5HVRXUFH$VVHVVPHQW )5$ 1HSDO%DEDUPDKDO.DWKDPDQGX(PDLOVLJGHOVKDOLN#JPDLOFRP

105 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 The study was conducted in the Chuchure VDC of LQ 1HSDO 0DQDQGKDU  %DUDO DQG .XUPL  5DPHFKKDSDQG6K\PD9'&RI'RODNKDGLVWULFW7RWDO 5RND\D et al 8SUHW\ et al  DQG$VWHUDFHDH SRSXODWLRQRIWKHVHWZR9'&VLVDFFRXQWLQJ family represented the highest number of as SHUFHQW RI IHPDOH SRSXODWLRQ  &HQVXV  7KHVH PHQWLRQHGLQRYHUDOOSODQWFKHFNOLVWRI1HSDO 3UHVV et 9'&VKDYHKRXVHKROGVZLWKDQDYHUDJHKRXVHKROG al   VL]H RI  0DMRU FDVWH DQG HWKQLF JURXSV LQKDELWLQJ LQWKHVWXG\DUHDDUH&KKHWULDQG6KHUSD2WKHUFDVWH Some of the that were collected from the study HWKQLF JURXSV DUH 7DPDQJ .DPL 'DPDL 6DUNHH DUHD IDOO LQ &,7(6 ,, DQG ,8&1 WKUHDW FDWHJRULHV 1HZDU%KXMHO They were Dioscorea deltoidea , Swertia chirayita , Taxus wallichiana and lichens ( Parmelia  VSS DQG 7KHYHJHWDWLRQZLWKLQWKHSURMHFWDUHDLVRIVXEWURSLFDO Ramalina  VSS  IDOO XQGHU 1HSDO¶V )RUHVW $FW   W\SH7KH GRPLQDQW WUHH VSHFLHV DUH Alnus nepalensis, DQG 5HJXODWLRQV   7DEOH   7KH JXLGHOLQHV IRU ovalifolia, Quercus and Rhododendron species proper harvesting and management were needed to have DQG RWKHU PDMRU DVVRFLDWHG WUHH VSHFLHV DUH Eurya VXVWDLQDEOHXVHRISODQWVLQ1HSDO 8SUHW\ et al   acuminata, Juglans regia, Persea odoratissima and Symplocos ramosissima in the lower In the total association of plants, the highest number of altitudinal range while Pinus wallichiana , Taxus herbs followed by trees and shrubs is also reported on wallichiana, Tsuga dumosa in the higher altitudinal RWKHUVWXGLHVIURPHDVW HJ*DXWDQ5DL  UDQJH 7KH GRPLQDQW DVVRFLDWHG VKUXE VSHFLHV DUH FHQWUDO HJ -RVKL DQG (GLQJWRQ  8SUHW\ et al  Berberis aristata , Edgeworlhia gardneri, Gaultheria  DQGZHVW1HSDO HJ.XQZDU et al 5RND\D fragrantissima, Girardinia diversifolia , Rubus ellipticus, et al  ,WZDVIRXQGWKDWWKHUHZDVKLJKGLYHUVLW\ Sarcococca coriacea and herbs species Arisaema RI SODQW VSHFLHV LQ .KLPWL DUHD OLNH RWKHUV UHJLRQV RI tortuosum, Artemisia indica , Arundinaria maling , 1HSDODVPHQWLRQHGDERYH Eupatorium adenophorum, Imperata cylindrica, Rubia manjith  7KHKLJKHVWQXPEHURISODQWVSHFLHVLQ.KLPWLDUHDZDV used as medicine (46 plant species) (Table 2) followed Data collection E\ IRGGHU  SODQW VSHFLHV  DQG HGLEOH  SODQW VSHFLHV  (LJKW VSHFLHV ZHUH XVHG IRU RWKHU SXUSRVHV 7KH¿HOGVWXG\ZDVFDUULHGRXWLQ1RYHPEHU7KH VXFK DV PDNLQJ FORWKHV WKDWFKLQJ H[WUDFWLQJ URSHV plant species were collected by using quadrat method PDNLQJ EDVNHWV DQG IRU UHOLJLRXV SXUSRVHV  2QO\ RQH =REHO   0RVW RI WKH SODQWV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG LQ species ( Juniperus recurva ZDVXVHGDVLQFHQVH )LJXUH WKH ¿HOGV EXW LQ WKH FDVH RI XQLGHQWL¿HG SODQW VSHFLHV 7DEOHDQG 7KHXVHRISODQWVIRUYDULRXVSXUSRVHV WKH\ ZHUH FROOHFWHG SUHVVHG DQG GULHG LQ WKH ¿HOG and medicinal plants do possess additional uses in XVLQJ D QDWXUDO GU\LQJ WHFKQLTXH LQ VXQOLJKW )RUPDQ .KLPLWLDUHDDVRWKHUVWXGLHVHOVHZKHUHLQ1HSDO HJ DQG%ULGVRQ DQGLGHQWL¿HGZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH 5RND\D et al 8SUHW\ et al  DQGRWKHUSDUWV YRXFKHUVSHFLPHQVGHSRVLWHGLQWKH1DWLRQDO+HUEDULXP RIZRUOG HJ5RVVDWR et al .DOD et al  DW*RGDZDUL/DOLWSXUDQGÀRULVWLFERRNV Polunin and Gemedo-Dalle et al   &XQKD DQG $OEXTXHUTXH 6WDLQWRQ6WDLQWRQ0DQDQGKDU%DUDO   DQG.XUPL /RFDOQDPHVDVZHOODVWKHXVHVRI WKHVSHFLHVFROOHFWHG7KHTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXUYH\PHWKRG Although plants were used for wide ranges of diseases, ZDVXVHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHORFDOXVHVRISODQWV7KHGHWDLO no new uses were reported from the study site when information on use of medicinal plants was documented FRPSDULQJ ZLWK VHYHUDO SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV 5DMEKDQGDUL by discussing with the three traditional healers and also 0DQDQGKDU6KUHVWKDDQG'KLOOLRQ GXULQJWKHGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWZRJURXSVRIORFDOSHRSOH %DUDO DQG .XUPL  -RVKL DQG -RVKL   :LOG IHWFK IRRG ZKLFK VHFRQG PRVW YDOXDEOH LQ VWXG\ DUHD RESULT AND DISCUSSION :RPHQ DQG KHUGHUV ZHUH PRVW NQRZOHGJHDEOH IRU LQ LQGHQWLI\LQJWKHHGLEOHSODQWV7KLVFRXOGEHGXHWRWKH A total of 96 plant species belonging to 86 genera fact that they frequently visit forest to collect fodder and DQG  IDPLOLHV  DQJLRVSHUPV  J\PQRVSHUPV  ¿UHZRRGIRUGDLO\XVHV pteridophytes, 6 fungi and 2 lichens) were recorded in WKHVWXG\DUHD 7DEOHDQG 7KHSODQWVSHFLHVEHORQJ It is evident that many species that are protected due to to different life forms, with herbs (39 species) most over-harvesting for local use and trade from the study IUHTXHQW IROORZHG E\ WUHHV  VSHFLHV  VKUXEV  region have economic potential and thus could help species), climbers and fungi (6 species each), lichens in uplifting the income of indigenous people living in  VSHFLHV  DQG HSLSK\WH RQH VSHFLHV  7KH ODUJHVW .KLPLWLDUHD7KHSUDFWLFHRIFXOWLYDWLRQIRUVXFKVSHFLHV IDPLO\LV$VWHUDFHDH VSHFLHV IROORZHGE\5RVDFHDH is required so that the proper production of such plant  VSHFLHV  DQG 3RDFHDH  VSHFLHV  7KH ELRGLYHUVLW\ VSHFLHVLQPDGHSRVVLEOH of the area was moderate compared to other researches Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 106 Table 1: List of all the plants recorded in Khimi area, central Nepal

S.N Plant Names; Family; Voucher Number Local Name Plant categories; Uses Habit

1 Achyranthes aspera / $PDUDQWKDFHDH  Datiwan Dicot; H 5HOLJLRXV0HGLFLQH 66. 2 Aconogonum molle  ''RQ ++DUD Thotne Dicot; S )RGGHU 3RO\JRQDFHDH 66. 3 Agaricus campestris / $JDULFDFHDH 66. Chata Chyau )XQJL0 Vegetable  4 Ageratum conyzoides / &RPSRVLWDH 66. *DQGHMKDU Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 41

5 Alnus nepalensis ''RQ %HWXODFHDH 66. 8WWLV Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH7LPEHU)XHOZRRG 89

6 Arisaema tortuosum  :DOO 6FKRWW $UDFHDH  %DQN 0RQRFRW+ 0HGLFLQH9HJHWDEOH 66.  Artemisia indica :LOOG &RPSRVLWDH 66. Titepati Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 21

8 Arundinaria maling Gamble; (Gramineae) 1LJDOR 0RQRFRW6 0DNLQJEDVNHWV 66. 9 Astilbe rivularis %XFK+DPH[''RQ 7KXOR2NKDWL Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 6D[LIUDJDFHDH 66.  Athyrium umbrosum  $LWRQ &3UHVO .XWKXUNH Pteridophytes; H Vegetable $VSLGLDFHDH 66. 11 Berberis aristata '& %HUEHULGDFHDH 66. Chutro Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH)UXLWHGLEOH)XHO  wood 12 Berberis asiatica 5R[EH['& Chutro Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH)UXLWHGLEOH)XHO %HUEHULGDFHDH 66. wood 13 Bergenia ciliata  +DZ 6WHUQE 3DNKDQYHG Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 6D[LIUDJDFHDH 66. 14 Betula alnoides %XFK+DPH[''RQ 6DXU/HNKSDL\DX Dicot; T 7LPEHU)XHOZRRG %HWXODFHDH 66. 15 Bidens pilosa / &RPSRVLWDH 66. .DORNXUR Dicot; H )RGGHU

16 Centella asiatica  / 8UE 8PEHOOLIHUDH  Ghodtapre Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 66.  Cheilanthes bicolor  5R[ELQ*ULII *ULIIH[ .DOLVLQND Pteridophytes; H 0HGLFLQH )UDQV-HQN $GLDQWDFHDH 66.

18 Cissampelos pareira / 0HQLVSHUPDFHDH  %DWXOSDWH Dicot; C 0HGLFLQH 66. 19 Crotalaria alata %XFK+DPH[''RQ Chinchine Dicot; S )RGGHU )DEDFHDH 66.  Cyanotis cristata  / ''RQ .DQHMKDU 0RQRFRW+ )RGGHU &RPPHOLQDFHDH 66. 21 Cynodon dactylon  / 3HUV *UDPLQHDH  Dubo 0RQRFRW+ 0HGLFLQH)RGGHU5HOLJLRXV 66. 22 Cynoglossum zeylanicum  9DKOH[+RUQHP  0DVLQHNXUR Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 7KXQEH[/HKP %RUDJLQDFHDH 66.

23 Cyperus rotundus / &\SHUDFHDH 66. 0RWKH 0RQRFRW+ )RGGHU

24 Daldinia concentric  %ROWH[)U &HVDQG Phusphuse chyau )XQJL0 Poisonous GH ;\ODULDFHDH 66. 25 Daphne bholua %XFK+DPH[''RQ /RNWD Dicot; S 0DNLQJKDQGPDGHSDSHU 7K\PHODHDFHDH 66.

107 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 26 Edgeworlhia gardneri  :DOO 0HLVQ Argeli Dicot; S 0DNLQJKDQGPDGHSDSHU 7K\PHODHDFHDH 66.  Dendrophthoe falcata  /I (WWLQJ $LQMHUX 'LFRW( 0HGLFLQH /RUDQWKDFHDH 66. 28 Digitaria ciliaris  5HW] .RHOHU *UDPLQHDH  Chitre banso 0RQRFRW+ )RGGHU 66. 29 Dioscorea bulbifera / 'LRVFRUHDFHDH  Githa 0RQRFRW& )UXLWHGLEOH 66.  Dioscorea deltoidea :DOOH[*ULVHE %DQWDUXO 0RQRFRW& Traded 'LRVFRUHDFHDH 66. 31 Dryoathyrium boryanum  :LOOG &KLQJ .DORQLXUR Pteridophytes; H Vegetable $WK\ULDFHDH 66. 32 Dryopteris cochleata  ''RQ &&KU 1LXUR Pteridophytes; H Vegetable $VSLGLDFHDH 66. 33 Elatostema sessile -5 *)RUVW Gagleto Dicot; H )RGGHU 8UWLFDFHDH 66. 34 Equitesum arvanse / (TXLVHWDFHDH 66. 7DOFKHMKDU Pteridophytes; H )RGGHU 18

35 Eulaliopsis binata  5HW] &(+XEE %DEL\R 0RQRFRW+ 7KDWFKLQJ([WUDFWLQJURSHV *UDPLQHDH 66. 36 Eupatorium adenophorum 6SUHQJ %DQPDUD Dicot; H Poisonous &RPSRVLWDH 66.  Eurya acuminata '& 7KHDFHDH 66. 6DQR-KLJDQH Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH)RGGHU

38 Fragaria nubicola /LQGOH[/DFDLWD %KXLQDLQVHOX Dicot; H )UXLWHGLEOH 5RVDFHDH 66. 39 Gaultheria fragrantissima :DOO (ULFDFHDH  Dhasingre Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH 66.  Geranium nepalense Sweet; (Geraniaceae) Chunetroghans Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 66. 41 Girardinia diversifolia  /LQN )ULLV Allo Dicot; S 0DNLQJFORWKHV([WUDFWLQJ 8UWLFDFHDH 66. ¿EHUV 42 *QDSKDOLXPDI¿QH ''RQ &RPSRVLWDH  .DLURMKDU Dicot; H )RGGHU 66. 43 Gnaphalium polycaulon 3HUV &RPSRVLWDH  %RNHSKXO Dicot; H )RGGHU 66. 44 Hypericum cordifolium Choisy; .KDUHWR Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH +\SHULFDFHDH 66. 45 Ilex sikkimensis .XU] $TLIROLDFHDH 66. /LVH Dicot; T Timber

46 Imperata cylindrica  / 3%HDXY Siru 0RQRFRW+ )RGGHU &\SHUDFHDH 66.  Inula cappa %XFK+DPH[''RQ '& Dware Dicot; S )XHOZRRG &RPSRVLWDH 66. 48 Juglans regia YDU kamaoni D/ +DGHRNKDU Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH)UXLWHGLEOH -XJODQGDFHDH 66. 49 Juniperus recurva %XFK+DPH[''RQ Dhupi Gymnosperm; T 0HGLFLQH7LPEHU)XHO &XSUHVVDFHDH 66. wood, Incense  Laetiporus sulphureus  %XOO)U 0XUU 5DWRFK\DX )XQJL0 Vegetable 3RO\SRUDFHDH 66. 51 Leucas cephalotes  5RWK 6SUHQJ Gumpati Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH /DELDWHDH 66. 52 Lindera neesiana  :DOOH[1HHV .XU] Siltimur Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH)RGGHU /DXUDFHDH 66. 53 Lycopodium clavatum / /\FRSRGLDFHDH  1DJEHOL Pteridophytes; H 0HGLFLQH 66.

Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 108 54  :DOO 'UXGH (ULFDFHDH  Angeri Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH)XHOZRRG 66. Poisonous 55 Mahonia napaulensis '& %HUEHULGDFHDH  -DPDQHPDQGUR Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH 66. 56 Oxalis corniculata / 2[DOLGDFHDH 66. Chariamilo Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH

 Paris polyphylla 6P /LOLDFHDH 66. Satuwa 0RQRFRW+ 0HGLFLQH

58 Parmelia VS 3DUPHOLDFHDH 66. -K\DX /LFKHQ/ 0HGLFLQH 59 Pericampylus glaucus  /DP 0HUU Dude lahara, Pipal pate Dicot; C 0HGLFLQH 0HQLVSHUPDFHDH 66.  Persea odoratissima  1HHV .RVWHUP 6HWR.DXOR Dicot; T )RGGHU /DXUDFHDH 66. 61 Pinus roxburghii 6DUJ 3LQDFHDH 66. .KRWHVDOOR Gymnosperm; T 7LPEHU)XHOZRRG

62 Pinus wallichiana $%-DFNV 3LQDFHDH  Sallo Gymnosperm; T 0HGLFLQH7LPEHU)XHOZRRG 66. 63 Plantago major / 3ODQWDJLQDFHD 66. Isabgol Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH

64 Pleurotus nepalensis &RUQHU 3OHXURWDFHDH  .DQQH&K\DX )XQJL0 Vegetable 66. 65 Podocarpus neriifolius ''RQ Ghunsi Gymnosperm; T )XHOZRRG 3RGRFDUSDFHDH 66. 66 Potentilla fulgens :DOOH[+RRN 5RVDFHDH  %DMUDGDQWL Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 66.  Prunus cerasoides ''RQ 5RVDFHDH 66. Painyu Dicot; T )RGGHU0HGLFLQH  68 Pycnoporus cinnabarinus  -DFTH[)U  5DWRFK\DX )XQJL0 Poisonous .DUVW 3RO\SRUDFHDH 66. 69 Pyracantha crenulata  ''RQ 05RHP Ghangaru Dicot; S )UXLWHGLEOH 5RVDFHDH 66.  Pyrus pashia %XFK+DPH[''RQ 0D\DO Dicot; T )UXLWHGLEOH)XHOZRRG 5XWDFHDH 66.  Quercus glauca 7KXQE )DJDFHDH 66. Phalant Dicot; T 7LPEHU)RGGHU

 Quercus lamellosa 6P )DJDFHDH 66. %DQVKR Dicot; T 7LPEHU)RGGHU

 Quercus semecarpifolia 6P )DJDFHDH  .KDUVX Dicot; T 7LPEHU)RGGHU 66.  Ramalina VS 8VQHDFHDH 66. -K\DX /LFKHQ/ 0HGLFLQH  Ramaria botrytis  3HUV 5LFNHQ 7KDNUHFK\DX )XQJL0 Vegetable 5DPDULDFHDH 66.  6P (ULFDFHDH  /DOLJXUDQV Dicot; T 7LPEHU)XHOZRRG)ORZHU 66. edible  Rhus javanica / $QDFDUGLDFHDH 66. %KDNNLPOR Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH)UXLWHGLEOH

 Rhus wallichii +RRNI $QDFDUGLDFHDH  %KDOD\R Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH 66.  Rubia manjith 5R[EH[)OHPLQJ 0DMLWKR Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 5XELDFHDH 66.  Rubus ellipticus 6P 5RVDFHDH 66. Ainselu Dicot; S )UXLWHGLEOH

81 Rubus paniculatus 6P 5RVDFHDH 66. .DORDLQVHOX Dicot; S )UXLWHGLEOH

82 Rubus pentagonus :DOOH[)RFNH 5DWRDLQVHOX Dicot; S )UXLWHGLEOH 5RVDFHDH 66.

109 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 83 Saccharum spontaneum / *UDPLQHDH  .DQV 0RQRFRW+ )RGGHU 66. 84 Sambucus hookeri 5HKGHU &DSULIROLDFHDH  Galeni Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 66. 85 Sarcococca coriacea  +RRN 6ZHHW Phitphiya Dicot; S 0HGLFLQH %X[DFHDH 66. 86 Smilax aspera / 6PLODFDFHDH 66. .XNXUGDLQR 0RQRFRW& 0HGLFLQH

 Smilax microphylla &+:ULJKW .XNXUGDLQR 0RQRFRW& 0HGLFLQH 6PLODFDFHDH 66. 88 Sonchus oleraceus / &RPSRVLWDH 66. 'XGKHNDQGD Dicot; H )RGGHU

89 Swertia chirayita  5R[EH[)OHPLQJ  Chirayito Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH .DUVWHQ *HQWLDQDFHDH 66.  Symplocos ramosissima :DOOH[*'RQ .KDUDQH Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH 6\PSORFDFHDH 66. 91 Thalictrum foliolosum '& 5DQXQFXODFHDH  Dampate Dicot; H 0HGLFLQH 66. 92 Taxus wallichiana =XFF 7D[DFHDH 66. /DXWKHVDOOR Gymnosperm; T 0HGLFLQH7LPEHU)XHOZRRG

93 Tsuga dumosa  ''RQ (LFKOHU 3LQDFHDH  Thinge sallo Gymnosperm; T 7LPEHU)XHOZRRG 66. 94 Urtica dioica / 8UWLFDFHDH 66. Sisnu Dicot; H Vegetable

95 Viburnum erubescens :DOOH['& Ganmane Dicot; T )XHOZRRG 6DPEXFDFHDH 66. 96 armatum '& 5XWDFHDH  Timur, Parpare timur Dicot; T 0HGLFLQH 66.

1RWH&FOLPEHU(HSLSK\WH+KHUE/OLFKHQPPXVKURRP IXQJL VVKUXE77UHH

Table 2: List of medicinal plants used in Khimti area, central Nepal.

61 6FLHQWL¿F1DPH Parts used Uses 1 Achyranthes aspera / St 6WHPLVFKHZHGWRUHOLHYHIURPWRRWKDFKH 2 Ageratum conyzoides / Wh pl -XLFHRIZKROHSODQWLVXVHGLQFXWV 3 Arisaema tortuosum  :DOO 6FKRWW Yg sh

Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 110 16 Geranium nepalense Sweet 5W 5RRWSRZHULVEHQH¿FLDOIRUWUHDWLQJVWRPDFK SUREOHPV  Hypericum cordifolium Choisy Wh pl 3ODQWMXLFHLVXVHGDJDLQVWIHYHU 18 Juglans regia YDU kamaonia / %U %DUNSRZHULVXVHGDJDLQVWWRRWKSUREOHPVDQG VWRPDFKGLVRUGHU 19 Juniperus recurva %XFK+DPH[''RQ )U )UXLWVDUHWDNHQWRFXUHWKURDWSUREOHPV  Leucas cephalotes  5RWK 6SUHQJ Wh pl :KROHSODQWLVFRQVLGHUHGDVOD[DWLYH 21 Lindera neesiana :DOOH[1HHV .XU] /YV)U /HDYHVDQGIUXLWVDUHXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRI VNLQGLVHDVHV 22 Lycopodium clavatum / Spo Spores are diuretic and are used against LQGLJHVWLRQ 23 Lyonia ovalifolia /YV /HDYHVMXLFHLVXVHGLQVFDELHV 24 Mahonia napaulensis '& %U %DUNMXLFHLVXVHGDJDLQVWGLDUUKHD 25 Oxalis corniculata / Wh pl :KROHSODQWMXLFHLVXVHGDJDLQVWIHYHU 26 Paris polyphylla 6P 5K 5KL]RPHLVXVHGDVDQWKHOPLQWLF  Parmelia VS Wh pl 3ODQWSRZGHULVXVHGLQFXWV 28 Pericampylus glaucus  /DP 0HUU )U )UXLWVDUHOD[DWLYHLQQDWXUH 29 Pinus wallichiana $%-DFNV 5HV 5HVLQVDUHXVHGLQVNLQFUDFNV  Plantago major / /YV5W /HDYHVDQGURRWVDUHXVHVDJDLQVWVWRPDFK SUREOHPV 31 Potentilla fulgens :DOOH[+RRN 5W 5RRWH[WUDFWLVXVHGLQWRRWKDFKH 32 Prunus cerasoides ''RQ %U %DUNSDVWHLVXVHVDJDLQVWEXUQV 33 Ramalina VS Wh pl 3RZHULVXVHGLQFXWV 34 Rhododendron arboreum 6P )O )ORZHUSRZGHULVXVHGDVWRQLF 35 Rhus javanica / )U )UXLWVDUHXVHGLQGLDUUKHD 36 Rhus wallichii +RRNI )U )UXLWVDUHXVHGLQGLDUUKHD  Rubia manjith 5R[EH[)OHPLQJ 5W)U 5RRWVDQGIUXLWDUHXVHGLQXOFHUDQGVNLQ GLVHDVHV 38 Sambucus hookeri 5HKGHU )U )UXLWVDUHFKHZHGWRFXUHIHYHU 39 Sarcococca coriacea  +RRN 6ZHHW %U 3ODQWSDVWHLVXVHGWRUHOLHYHVZHOOLQJ  Smilax aspera / /YV /HDYHVH[WUDFWLVXVHGLQG\VHQWHU\ 41 Smilax microphylla &+:ULJKW /YV /HDYHVH[WUDFWLVXVHGLQG\VHQWHU\ 42 Swertia chirayita  5R[EH[)OHPLQJ .DUVWHQ Wh pl :KROHSODQWLVXVHGLQIHYHUFROGDQGFRXJK 43 Symplocos ramosissima :DOOH[*'RQ )U )UXLWRLOLVXVHLQVNLQDOOHUJLHV 44 Taxus wallichiana =XFF /YV /HDYHVMXLFHLVXVHGLQKHDGDFKHDQGGLDUUKHD 45 Thalictrum foliolosum /YV /HDYHVH[WUDFWLVLQKDOHGIRUVLQXVLWLV 46 '& )U )UXLWVDUHXVHGLQJDVWULWLV

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