Sarcophilus Satanicus Tasmanian Devil—Makes Its Return to the Australian C E Mainland with a Little Help from Human Friends

VOL. NO. JANUARY/FEBRUARY

page

—otherwise known as the Sarcophilus satanicus Tasmanian devil—makes its return to the Australian C E mainland with a little help from human friends. RITTER FIL

3WK_21_01-32_Cover-TOC-PT.indd 1 12/10/20 4:15 PM VOL. NO. JANUARY/FEBRUARY

6-9 10-13 14-17 SCIENCE SOUP TIME MACHINE CITIZEN SHIP

How old junk Underground Help for the can help build railroad to people of the coral reefs Mexico Sahel

18-21 22-25 26-29 TAKE APART SMART CRITTER FILE JET BALLOON

Indonesia: Families hit Tasmanian one country the road for a devils make a with 17,508 “schoolcation.” comeback. islands

also in this issue: 3 PUZZLING TIMES | 4-5 NEWS SHORTS | 30-31 EVEN MORE NEWS SHORTS | 32 PUZZLING TIMES

In the beginning, God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.

And He separated the light from the darkness. (See Genesis 1:3-4.) AP VIA GILLIERON/KEYSTONE LAURENT The city of Lausanne, Switzerland, celebrates annually with a festival using only light to showcase beauty. Artists from around the world share their craft. They don’t use paint, pottery, or stone. They project light and color onto surfaces, landscapes, and even passersby. Here, a couple becomes part of the projection Diving in the sea of colors by German artist Daniel Margraf at Lausanne’s Palais (Palace) de Rumine.

WORLDkids, Issue 3, January 2021 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing o ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, WORLD FOR STUDENTS: Rich Bishop, MANAGING EDITOR: Rebecca Cochrane, CONTRIBUTORS: Chelsea Boes, Kate Womack, DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rob Patete. Member Services: (828) 435-2982, Advertising Sales: (828) 253-8063, advertising@

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3WK_21_01-32_Cover-TOC-PT.indd 2 12/10/20 4:17 PM Can you crack the code and decipher the names of JANUARY/FEBRUARY nine famous painters? Then, gure out which frames are exactly alike. (There are three sets of three frames each.) You can read about some real-life code breakers on page 12 and a popular painter on page 20.

A M L N E B V X T P C A V I B M B C N L X Q O C N X Z A L R N L Q E O Y P Z A Z U K F D J E K J D H O G F D D I L C G J A U H S M A O P I S A E P V U I Y S U W S B O Y I N Y E R W T V PABLO PICASSO T N R C E W I Q

A S V D I F G N Q M R I E N T M L Q E Z D T Y W H C L K E U N V B Y C R U A X I U A L X R S D F J Z T C V B X A N O D Z P T E V M H V O J C P I Q N W E G R O S L A D N K F R P M G E N R A H T Y G U H I P S I H E J C N L P

P Z H O E X I R G J T O Z M H LAURENT GILLIERON/KEYSTONE VIA AP VIA GILLIERON/KEYSTONE LAURENT T R M V I P J C N C R U V I Y W A D C N B N F H S D E Q L R M B Y A N T L Y E K S P I V U A Y N X H G O R M I W S D X E Q F R H M M E K Z L M O B W Q S F E L G P E U E L N R I

WORLDkids, Issue 3, January 2021 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing o ces. POSTMASTER: : Rich Bishop, MANAGING EDITOR: Rebecca Cochrane, CONTRIBUTORS: Chelsea Boes, Kate Womack, DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rob Patete. Member Services: (828) 435-2982, Advertising Sales: (828) 253-8063, advertising@ KRIEG BARRIE KRIEG Answers on page

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3WK_21_01-32_Cover-TOC-PT.indd 3 12/10/20 4:23 PM craft ace sp ns zo ri o H w e N

s ’

Caption

Mysterious Light

What’s the rst word you think of to describe outer space? How about . . . dark? Astronomers made a startling discovery: Space is not nearly as dark as we thought. Fire Bot NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft whizzes far beyond Pluto. The craft is a long way from a light source. Earth is about 90 million miles from the This short, chunky gadget rolls around on wheels. Sun. New Horizons has own almost 50 times It’s not big, but it can blast out 2,500 gallons of water farther from the Sun than that. Way out there, each minute. It’s a re ghting robot, and it can go the craft snapped some very boring photos of places that aren’t safe for people. The bot has super blank sky. Astronomers processed these photos. strength. It is strong enough to move a car and lift a They removed light in the images that came from horse! The bright yellow machine’s name is Robot all known light sources—from stars, the Milky

Solution 3, or RS3 for short. Way, and any extra light created by the camera NEW HORIZONS BOT: PHOTO AP FIRE “The Los Angeles Fire Department is the rst in itself. Now were the photos totally dark? Nope. our country to acquire this amazing new piece of They still contained unexplained light. equipment,” says Chief Ralph Terrazas. He knows the We know the light originates beyond our value of re ghting robots. They can save lives and galaxy. Does it came from other galaxies we property. haven’t discovered? Maybe. Chief Terrazas demonstrated the robot’s skills. He And maybe it comes from a light source we moved the bot around using a controller like ones used don’t know about yet. Bible readers might be for video games. RS3 gushed a erce stream of water thinking of God creating light. Genesis 1 says He into the air. It shoved a car out of the way. It rumbled created light before He made the Sun and Moon.

over debris while dragging a pair of huge re hoses. Could this nd tell us something about that : NASA Other re departments are considering purchasing mysterious light?

their own re ghting robots. AP PHOTOS

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3WK_21_04-31_Shorts.indd 4 12/10/20 4:28 PM Dial to the Moon

A cell phone company is going out of this world. NASA asked Nokia to create a wireless phone network for the Moon. More and more astronauts are headed to the Moon. They will need a way to communicate. The cell network will help astronauts with important tasks. With it, they’ll be able to control lunar rovers and even stream high-de nition video. The cellular network must be strong and speedy to work on the Moon. It will have a base station, antennas, and software. All equipment must be built to work and last in tough conditions. The system will have to withstand rough space launches, bumpy landings, extreme weather, and Moon dust. The goal is to get the ground-breaking, high- ying cellular network on a lunar landing in late 2022. After that, astronauts could be able to phone home—from space!

On a recent expedition in Madagascar, scientists spotted several rare chameleons. A Hundred Years Lost This species of chameleon hasn’t been seen since 1913! Were they hiding for 100 years? Science Soup, p, Coral Reefs, Derechos 1) b, 2) c, Maybe. 3) b, 4) a Africa’s Madagascar is home to many camou aged chameleon varieties. Voeltzkow’s Time Machine, p, Underground Railroad, Bletchley chameleon is the species that just reappeared. Park 1) a, 2) d, 3) c, 4) b These reptiles live only during the rainy season. 5) Answers will vary but may include ideas such as They squeeze a lifetime into a few short waking up by the Sun, cooking over re, walking months. They hatch from eggs. They grow fast. or traveling by animal or bike, reading by candle- They mate. Then they die. light without electric meters to track power, no Many chameleons have the ability to change phones or TV, etc. colors. Female Voeltzkow’s chameleons turn brilliant hues during pregnancy, when stressed, Citizen Ship, p, Sahel, Landlords 1) a, 2) b, 3) a, 4) b and around males. God gave these lizards this color-changing skill for protection. They change Take Apart Smart, p, Road Schooling, Spolvero 1) colors to adjust body temperature. They also c, 2) d, 3) b, 4) b, 5) Answers will vary but may change to blend into their surroundings. Where include: The ability to work online gives freedom

FIRE BOT: AP PHOTO NEW HORIZONS BOT: PHOTO AP FIRE A Voeltzkow’s chameleon in Madagascar were the Voeltzkow’s chameleons all those to travel to educational sites that make learning years? Maybe they were hiding in plain sight. rsthand even more meaningful.

Critter File, p, Tasmanian Devils, Gira e 1) b, 2) a,

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helped her recognize a need when she saw it, as well as put together a plan using others’ help that would work with the problem. the with work would that help others’ using plan a together put as well as it, saw she when need a recognize her helped 3) b, 4) b PAGE 32 PAGE

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QUIZZES: SCIENCE SOUP, p6-9, Coral Reefs, Reefs, Coral p6-9, SOUP, SCIENCE QUIZZES: | 9. 5, 3—3, Set 7. 4, 2—2, Set 8. 6, 1—1, Set frames: Matching Michelangelo. Vermeer,

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3WK_21_04-31_Shorts.indd 5 12/11/20 3:02 PM Old rail cars help create thriving marine communities.

SPLASH! parts—to make reefs for decades? Near New York City, people dump From 2001 to 2010, around 2,500 old rail cars into the Atlantic Ocean. train cars found a new home on What? at sounds like mega- the U.S. East Coast ocean fl oor. littering! Once, New Yorkers rode in these Actually, the train dumpers are cars on the subway. Now fi sh cozy Structures attract sea life. trying to restore the world, not make up in them and call them home. it dirtier. ey’re attempting to build And in reality, people have artifi cial reefs that attract fi sh and been making artifi cial reefs for gathered on or in them. Since then, divers. much longer—maybe since the 1830s. people have constructed reefs from e 75 donated steel rail cars once ey probably got the idea from rubble, concrete, tanks, refrigerators, coral do you see carried lumber. Each weighs as much watching sunken ships. ey likely cars, and tires. growing on this as 21 tons. e cars drop into the sea noticed that old shipwrecks made After these train cars sink, people off Long Island’s Jones beach and sink great fi shing spots because sea life watch for creatures to move in to the into the nearby Hempstead Reef. It new neighborhood. at process takes about two hours for the cars to usually doesn’t take long. Algae Workers clean the rail cars before settle into the sediment on the sea arrives fi rst. Next, tautogs, porgy the big sink. bottom. Other cars will go to New fi sh, anemones, sponges, and York’s other 11 artifi cial reefs. mussels show up with their U-Hauls. Did you know (Just kidding . . . sea creatures don’t people have have possessions to move. And they been dump- can’t drive.) Lobsters and crabs make SCIENCE ing junk— themselves at home. Eventually— PHOTOS AP SOUP rail cars, tug once the “reef” is stocked with boats, and plenty of prey—dolphins and sharks old bridge join the new marine community.

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3WK_21_06-09_SS.indd 6 12/10/20 4:43 PM Acropora Gorgonian Coral Mushroom Coral Pulse Coral Table Coral Capnella

What is coral? Many coral reefs are in trouble. Is it alive? Yes. Coral use Seawater acidity, pollution, and water tiny arms to Is it a plant? No—even though it temperatures all a ect coral health. grab food. roots into the ocean oor like a “Bleaching” happens when corals plant would. get stressed. In harmful conditions, Is it an animal? Yes—even though the tiny animals may eject the it has no face. brightly colored plants that grow on Coral are invertebrates related to their reef. These plants are the jelly sh. They use their tiny arms to corals’ primary food and oxygen grab passing food (unlike plants, source. When the plants go, the reef which make their own food). Individu- will “bleach,” or turn bone-white. al corals are called polyps. They join That color shift almost always together to build complex, statue-like Coral reefs matter—and not just means that individual polyps in the structures on the sea oor. Lots of to sh. Underwater reefs act as a colony will die—usually bringing these teensy animals together make barrier. They help protect people on death to the reef. Many non-coral a reef—a huge home for other sea land from surging storm waves marine animals survive these life. About 25 percent of the world’s caused by hurricanes. And reefs make stresses—but they still need a home. ocean creatures live in coral reefs, productive shing spots. Human diets God made people the crown of even though reefs are just a teeny- and economies depend on healthy His creation. He gave us a big job: tiny part of the sea. reefs for communities to sh. taking care of the world. So people scout for sea life solutions. Some plant new coral in reefs. Others breed coral types that survive stress well. They save them in “super-coral” banks in case people need them in the future. Others, including the train car dumpers in New York City,

The bone-white color indicates stress and poor health.

What types of coral do you see growing on this arti cial reef?

make arti cial reefs. These steel and aluminum sh condos are cleaned up before the big sink. Workers strip o windows and doors. They make sure no oil remains. (They want to save

AP PHOTOS AP sea life, not poison it!) The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. — Genesis 2:15

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3WK_21_06-09_SS.indd 7 12/10/20 4:45 PM A farmer walks through a corn eld attened in the derecho near Woodward, Iowa. Below: grain drying bins damaged by the derecho

Double Damage A rare derecho storm fl attened millions of acres “If you were looking to as a carpet. Some leaning. slammed Iowa in August. of corn crops. Some of the exert the most damage on Some halfway down. And Wind gusts blasted up to corn could be saved, but corn crops when it comes to some almost normal.” 140 miles per hour. e 850,000 acres of crops thunderstorms and heavy e storm didn’t stop in storm hovered over the were lost. at’s according winds, when the derecho Iowa. It fl ew through state for what seemed like to a new report from the rolled through in August, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, an endless 14 hours. It United States Department it was the perfect time to and Indiana. e National damaged homes, trees, of Agriculture. e crop do it,” says Mr. Curtis. Oceanic and Atmospheric and power lines. It loss is double the damage Usually, farmers try to Administration says it is crushed crops. Months expected! harvest corn that is down. probably the second later, reports show crop Timing was terrible. ey salvage (save) what costliest United States losses are growing. e storm hit too close to they can. is time, many disaster in 2020. “Derecho” is the harvest time. Allan Curtis crops couldn’t be saved. Genesis 8:22 says, Spanish word for is a meteorologist with the Farmers asked crop “While the Earth remains, “straight.” A derecho storm National Weather Service. insurance adjusters to take seedtime and harvest, cold is a violent wind storm. It He says there wouldn’t a second look at their fi elds. and heat, summer and does not spin like have been so much loss if Steve Swenka is a winter, day and night, shall

a tornado. It the storm happened in the farmer in eastern Iowa. He not cease.” God orders each PHOTOS AP moves in a spring. Late summer crops says that harvesting his season, making crops straight line. were tall. ey caught the downed corn has “just been grow. He always provides

is storm wind. miserable. Corn down, ﬂ at exactly what we need. KRIEG BARRIE RADAR: NOAA

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3WK_21_06-09_SS.indd 8 12/10/20 4:45 PM A derecho storm is not just one storm. It’s a group Downbursts can pull more dry air into the storm. of severe thunderstorms with destructive winds. That makes stronger downbursts or even clusters of Tornados spin. But derechos travel in fairly downbursts. All that strong wind makes the storm straight lines. very dangerous. What’s one way that derechos are like tornados? The thunderstorms in a derecho move together in a They can cause great damage. Storms must leave a curved line called a bow echo. The line curves because path of damage at least 240 miles long to be called a the downbursts are stronger in the center of the derecho. Derecho wind gusts blow at least 58 miles per storm. Those downbursts make the center move faster hour. But some derechos blow up to 130 miles per hour. than the edges. That’s about twice as fast as a cheetah can run! Most derechos happen in warmer weather, usually You might see long, low “shelf clouds” form in front in May, June, July, and August. But don’t worry. of a derecho. The front edge looks like it’s moving Derechos are fairly rare. Typically, only one to three upwards. The bottom of the cloud looks stormy. derechos happen in the United States per year. And if What makes derechos so powerful? When the one forms, your meteorologist will warn of high winds, moisture in a thunderstorm meets dryer air, the water severe weather, or thunderstorms. evaporates. That cools the air. The cooled air rapidly If a derecho is near you, nd shelter inside. Being sinks to the ground as a strong wind called a downburst. outside during a derecho, or any severe storm, is Downburst winds blow straight down until they hit the dangerous. Like tornados, the strong winds can bash ground. Then the wind blows outwards in all directions. houses, toss trees, and damage crops.

One derecho every four years Shelf cloud During the summer months, as One derecho thunderstorms form, warm air every two years naturally rises and the moisture One derecho in the air—due to the high every year humidity—evaporates. The Four derechos upward movement of warm every three years As the moisture in the and wet air is called an updraft. air evaporates, it cools Science Soup vocabulary quiz the surrounding air. 1. attempting a) restoring This radar image b) trying shows the c) moving bow shape of a 2. eject Cool air is denser derecho. and heavier than a) pause warm air, so it b) shift rapidly sinks. This c) expel As the cool air creates a powerful moves forward, downburst of wind. it pushes more 3. exert warm and wet a) to keep air upward b) to put forth power The downburst shoots causing the c) to surround out towards the front of cycle to repeat the thunderstorms. This and the storms creates the bow shape. The cool air from the downburst to strengthen. 4. destructive is very fast and damaging. a) damaging b) swirling Answers c) frightening on page . attempting . eject . exert . destructive

AP PHOTOS AP a) restoring a) pause a) keep a) damaging b) trying b) shift b) put forth power b) swirling Answers: c) moving c) expel c) surround c) frightening 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a KRIEG BARRIE RADAR: NOAA

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3WK_21_06-09_SS.indd 9 12/10/20 4:45 PM In the Deep South of the United States, scholars discover something almost everyone else forgot: the Underground Railroad to Mexico. What was the “Underground Railroad”? It wasn’t underground. It wasn’t even a railroad! Instead, it was a network of small, local groups of people. ey helped African American slaves on their way north to freedom. Or—it turns out—on their way south. Scholars know that slaves didn’t fi nd freedom only in northern free states or Canada as most people think. Many got their liberty in Mexico. Mexico abolished (ended) slavery in 1829. at was a generation before President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation An illustration of in the United States. escaped slaves Historians have known about this part of the Under- traveling through ground Railroad for years. ey wrote about it. In 1936, a swamp on their people interviewed former slave Felix Haywood. What way to freedom would slaves in the Deep South think about running north to freedom? Mr. Haywood said they would laugh! through desert. But they had help. Mexican Americans, “All we had to do was walk, but walk south,” he said, German immigrants, and biracial (black and white) “and we’d be free as soon as we crossed the Rio Grande.” couples lived along the Rio Grande. ey provided food, is route guidance, and safe places to sleep. may have been Yet many mysteries remain. How organized was the closer . . . but it Underground Railroad to Mexico? What happened to the still wasn’t easy. former slaves and those who helped them? Some records Slaves fi rst have been destroyed by fi re. Sites we know were part of trekked through the route sit abandoned. Escaped slaves took Spanish unforgiving names. ey married into Mexican families and migrated forests. Next deeper into Mexico. ey disappeared from the record . . . they journeyed and from history.

Felix

Haywood CONGRESS OF LIBRARY HAYWOOD: PHOTOS AP

Old cobblestone streets are still in use in Freedmen’s Town. That neighborhood in Houston, Texas, was built by emancipated (freed) TIME slaves after the Civil War. Many MACHINE homes there may have been part of the Underground Railroad to Mexico. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF LIBRARY

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3WK_21_10-13_TM.indd 10 12/10/20 4:50 PM At ve years old, a little black girl nicknamed Minty was very busy rocking a white baby. If the baby cried, Minty would be whipped. That little slave girl grew up strong, compassionate, and clever. She grew up to be Harriet Tubman, the most famous Underground Railroad conductor of all. Unlike a regular railroad, the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman didn’t have a “boss.” An organization didn’t run it. Regular people did. Conductors and escaping slaves also didn’t follow the same route again and again like a train follows tracks. Most conductors didn’t even know about all the other Underground Railroad workers around the country. They knew only what was happening secretly in their own communities. Where was the railroad? It makes more sense to ask who it was. “Stationmasters” were usually ordinary folks— farmers, pastors, business owners—and their spouses. They hid slaves in homes, churches, and schoolhouses. And their local work . . . worked. The railroad helped move hundreds of slaves to freedom each year. American slavery was a tragic institution. God designed people to live free. He did not create them to own or mistreat each other. Runaway slaves in the South faced very di cult lives. To escape, they made almost impossible journeys, chased by slave owners and bounty hunters all the way to freedom. But rst they had to gure out how to run away. Sometimes black conductors like Mrs. Tubman could help. These conductors would sneak into plantations and then guide others to freedom. Runaways traveled by night and hid in the daytime. That’s why Mrs. Tubman did most of her conducting in spring and fall. Those seasons have short days, long nights, and good weather for moving on foot. Once slaves left a station, each stationmaster would message the next one: “Get ready. Someone is coming!” Other people along the railroad helped by giving money. Escaped slaves needed ordinary clothing to replace their AP PHOTOS HAYWOOD: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF LIBRARY HAYWOOD: PHOTOS AP slave garb. They sometimes required money to journey by boat or train. And in the North, people helped escaped slaves nd homes and jobs. Mount Gilead Church in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Like every railroad, there was an “end of the line” for was a station on the Underground Railroad. the Underground Railroad. It ended around 1863 during the Civil War. But the work of freeing slaves wasn’t done—not even for Mrs. Tubman. She became a nurse and a spy for the Union Army. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF LIBRARY

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3WK_21_10-13_TM.indd 11 12/10/20 4:50 PM To: Bletchley Park. code that mixes up letters of thousands of people visit From: Facebook. the alphabet). during a normal year—but What: A lot of money. Eventually, the whizzes at 2020 has not been normal for Facebook has made a Bletchley Park cracked anyone. Like places all over million-pound ($1.3 million) Germany’s code. How? ey the world, Bletchley Park donation to Bletchley Park. invented a new type of could not receive nearly as What’s Bletchley Park? It’s not computer! is invention many visitors as usual during a spot with swings and slides. helped other people develop the coronavirus pandemic. It It’s a Victorian country house the modern computers that we has lost almost all its income. in England. Without Bletchley have today. Computers can Steve Hatch is Facebook’s Park, Facebook wouldn’t exist. solve problems a lot faster than vice president for northern In fact, computers wouldn’t people can. at engineering Europe. He says Facebook’s exist! victory was important. It led technologies wouldn’t exist During World War II, to victory in the war. without the work done at codebreakers lived at Bletch- After the war ended, Bletchley Park. e donation ley Park. ey worked day and Bletchley Park was turned into will help keep the park night on a top-secret mission. a museum. People went there running. It will let staﬀ ey knew their enemies— to learn about coding. (Coding keep their jobs. military oﬃ cials from Nazi is how people give instruc- “Our hope is that Germany—sent messages to tions to a computer. It’s also Bletchley staying each other. But they didn’t called computer program- open inspires the know what these messages ming.) next generation of said. e messages were But now Bletchley Park is engineers,” says Mr. encrypted (written in a secret in trouble. Hundreds of Hatch. Steve Hatch

How many computers can you nd in the room Human computers were very important in wartime. you’re sitting in? Answer this rst: What is a computer? But many people were too busy ghting in the war to A computer is a machine that answers questions work in computing. In Britain, people had a code to and solves problems. Once, computers were huge and crack—the code created by Nazi Germany’s Enigma slow. A computer the size of a whole room would take a machine. Twelve thousand codebreakers did that long time to do a single math problem! Now computers undercover work at Bletchley Park. are teeny-tiny. Little ones inside machines make planes The German military used a machine called Enigma y and cars drive. Do you see someone wearing a (enigma means mystery or riddle) to send secret computer inside a wristwatch? How about someone carrying a phone? Computers are everywhere! They make di cult calcula- tions—ones that would take people hours— in less than a blink. Where did computers come from? AP PHOTO HATCH: FACEBOOK HATCH: PHOTO AP Here’s the short answer: They came from war. Before World War II, computers were people. And no, we don’t mean machines were walking around with arms and legs! People did the jobs computers do now . . . which basically means they did a lot of math. They checked each other’s work to make sure

they found the right answers. AP PHOTO ENIGMA: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Jean Valentine operated the Bombe machine at Bletchley Park during worldkids • / 2021 World War II. Here she is in 2006 demonstrating how it works.

3WK_21_10-13_TM.indd 12 12/10/20 4:51 PM . Felix Haywood was a former ______. a) slave b) slave owner c) slave catcher d) railroad engineer

. Stationmasters were usually The beautiful Bletchley Park ______. house is now a museum. a) lawmakers b) soldiers c) spies One of the d) regular people Nazis’ Enigma code machines . Bletchley Park was ______. a) destroyed in messages. Enigma re-scrambled the World War II letters of the alphabet every day, faster b) part of Nazi than humans could keep up with. The Germany British needed a machine too. That’s why c) a house where British mathematician Alan Turing designed codebreakers Bombe. It was an electromechanical worked copmuting machine (it used electricity and d) where Facebook machine parts). Soon the British could was created program Bombe to read all the communi- cations from the German navy. Bombe told . The rst the British what the Germans would do programmable before they did it. Many say this work computer was made the war two years shorter than it called ______. would have been. It may have saved a) Enigma millions of lives. Mr. Turing’s ideas also b) Bombe helped develop modern computers. c) the Turing Test AP PHOTO HATCH: FACEBOOK HATCH: PHOTO AP Imagine a world without the work d) Bletchley Park done at Bletchley Park. What if no one ever cracked Enigma’s code? What if 5. Imagine a world the Germans won World War II? And without computers. what if the computer had never Describe a normal been invented? day in your life if For the Lord gives wisdom; there were no from His mouth come knowledge computers at all

AP PHOTO ENIGMA: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY and understanding. — Proverbs 2:6 in it. Answers on page

/ 2021 • worldkids

3WK_21_10-13_TM.indd 13 12/10/20 4:52 PM Women and children wait outside a clinic on the outskirts of Burkina Faso’s capital, Ouagadougou.

“ e central Sahel region is at a breaking point,” says the world worries me as much as the Sahel.” He says that United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. But the needs in those countries could spill over into neigh- help is on the way. Money is coming from people around boring countries. Mr. Lowcock wants people to know that the world. ey see that the region in Africa is hurting. more than 13 million people in Burkina Faso, Mali, and ankfully, 20-plus Niger need emergency assistance to survive. donors have off ered to What went wrong in these countries? e population give more than $1 grew very quickly. e countries didn’t have many good billion of aid. schools. Jobs were hard to fi nd. Leaders didn’t lead well. e funds will help People were not safe. Food became scarce. People began 10 million people in to rebel. ey wanted more than they had. three countries in the Violence and poverty go hand in hand. Famine hit the Sahel (pronounced Sahel. People are starving. Sometimes hungry people SUH-HEL) region. e steal. Sometimes they fi ght to stay alive. Many places in aid is for Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger are not safe. Mali, and Niger. ese e most vulnerable people in this area are women countries are in crisis. and children. ey need to be protected and cared for. A village clinic nally has a People there are hurt- Who is responsible for the hard-hit Sahel region? working fridge where crucial medicines can be stored. ing. eir lives are at Offi cials in these countries aren’t taking good care of risk. ey are desperate their people. Leaders outside the region think it is time to for food, healthcare, step in. e United Nations wants to get the word out: e and water. ey also need sanitation (cleanliness) ser- Sahel region is struggling. Money collected by the United vices, shelter, education, and protection from violence. Nations will help provide basics such as clean e United Nations is a council that water, food, education, and health care. addresses needs in countries Give me neither poverty nor riches; feed around the world. It was formed me with the food that is needful for me, lest I CITIZEN in order to help create a safer and be full and deny you and say, “Who is the PHOTOS AP SHIP more peaceful world. United Lord?” or lest I be poor and steal and Many Nations humanitarian chief Mark profane the name of my God. vaccines UNICEF workers prepare supply Lowcock says that “nowhere in — Proverbs 30:8-9 must be shipments inside the world’s largest kept cold. humanitarian aid warehouse in Denmark.

worldkids • / 2021

3WK_21_14-17_CS.indd 14 12/10/20 4:57 PM e Sahel region is like an imaginary belt that wraps Women and children wait outside a across Africa. It forms a horizontal line from one side of the continent to the other. Above the belt is the dry Sahara Desert. Below the belt are tropical savannas. Mauritania Mali ere are 10 countries in the Sahel. eir land is Niger Sudan Eritrea barren. It doesn’t rain often. Drought wipes out crops. At Chad other times, too much rain at once can cause problems. e area fl oods easily. e Sahel is familiar with famine. It doesn’t have enough food for people to survive. The Several cultures also fl ood the Sahel region. Arabic, Gambia Senegal Islamic, and nomadic cultures settled north of the Sahel. Guinea-Bissau Burkina Faso Below the belt are native cultures. e people in the Sahel region represent a mix of these many cultures. ey better. e Bible talks a lot about suff ering. Romans 5 tells believe diff erent things. ey fi ght a lot. Violence rages all us to rejoice in suff ering because God uses hard things to over the Sahel region. help us trust Him more. People living in Burkina Faso, Mali, Revelation 21:4 is a beautiful promise. and Niger are hurting even more It off ers hope that suff ering will . than the others. Over half the elt stop one day. “He will wipe e b th population of those coun- e away every tear from their ov b tries are under 25 years a eyes, and death shall be s e old. e people have lost li no more, neither shall t r their homes. ey are e there be mourning, s e hungry. Children are D nor crying, nor pain a r malnourished. a anymore, for the h eir bodies are not a former things have S getting the e passed away.” h nutrition that T ere are they need to plenty of oppor- thrive. at even tunities to help

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UNICEF workers prepare supply shipments inside the world’s largest humanitarian aid warehouse in Denmark.

/ 2021 • worldkids

3WK_21_14-17_CS.indd 15 12/10/20 4:58 PM A sign hangs from apartment windows in Washington, D.C.

e sink drips. e tub leaks. Owners of other kinds of e refrigerator breaks. Who properties feel the squeeze too. must fi x them? In a rental You’ve probably been to a situation, the landlord does. And shopping mall. But this year, it’s not easy. do you ever think A landlord owns a house or about the person apartment and lets someone else who owns the live there for money. e landlord mall? at uses rent money to pay for the person pays drippy sink, the leaky tub, and each month Gary Zaremba the broken fridge. Many times, for that replaced the the landlord also owes money to property. e roof on one of his rental a bank too. at’s because he or bills keep properties. she borrowed money (in an coming—even agreement called a mortgage) to if shoppers don’t. buy the property. But because of Gary Zaremba the pandemic, many people have owns and manages 350 lost work. ey can’t pay their apartments in Dayton, Ohio. rent. ey still need a place to Many of his tenants work in live. What’s a landlord to do? restaurants and stores. Some landlords try to work Mr. Zaremba worries: What if with their tenants. ey say, more restaurants shut down? “We know times are hard. You What if more tenants can’t pay can pay your rent later when rent? How will he pay property things get better.” But that’s taxes? How will he fi x things like costly. Shad Elia owns apart- broken windows or leaky plumb- ments near Boston, Massachu- ing? Loving others and meeting setts. His renters are falling obligations (promises to be kept) PHOTOS AP behind on payments. But Mr. Elia can become a diffi cult balance. still has to pay for the homes his Pay to all what is owed to them: renters live in. “We still taxes to whom taxes are owed, FOR RENT have a mortgage,” he revenue to whom revenue is owed, says. “We still have respect to whom respect is owed, expenses on these honor to whom honor is owed. properties.” — Romans 13:7

worldkids • / 2021

3WK_21_14-17_CS.indd 16 12/10/20 4:59 PM Boston landlord Shad Elia wonders how much longer his lenders will cut him slack.

One broken rung affects the The coronavirus others. pandemic hit the United States in March. Government officials knew people would need Banks help paying for what they needed worry about how to pay for their during the challenging time. properties without rent money Congress decided to give $2.2 coming in. Landlords may allow trillion to Americans. The govern- renters to stay without paying for Banks ing body also ruled that landlords a while. That’s generous. But depend on landlords couldn’t force non-paying renters landlords have to be responsible to make to leave their homes for 120 days. too. Resources are running out. payments. (Forcing a renter to leave is called Eventually, they’ll have to pay eviction.) But the pandemic their bills. Landlords dragged on. Officials said many How can we solve the depend on landlords still couldn’t evict, even problem? There’s no easy banks to after the 120 days had ended. answer. Every man-made loan them money. These new renting rules acted solution has limits. We need a like a safety net. They helped a lot Savior who promises a time of people stay in their homes. But when we can “come and buy . . . no human plan works perfectly. without money.” (Isaiah 55:1) In many cases, this plan doesn’t When we live with God in the work well for landlords. new heavens and new Earth, all Imagine tenant-landlord-bank our desires will be fulfilled. relationships like a ladder. Renters There will be no pandemic, no Landlords depend on landlords for homes. worry, no tears—and resources Landlords depend on renters for will never run out. money. Up the ladder, landlords depend on banks to loan Landlords them money. They use it to buy depend on the properties they will rent. renters for Banks depend on landlords to money. make payments on those loans. When one rung of this Renters 1. vulnerable 2. malnourished depend on interdependent “ladder” a) easily hurt a) scared landlords breaks, the other rung can b) strong b) lacking nutrition AP PHOTOS AP for homes. hold on for only so long. Many c) young c) satisfied people carry tough burdens during the pandemic—lost 3. tenants 4. isolated FOR jobs, concerns about health, RENT a) renters a) freezing and feeling isolated from b) rentals b) alone family and friends. Landlords c) landlords c) worried may face these too. Plus, they carry an extra burden. They Answers on page 5 Renters january/february 2021 • worldkids 17

3WK_21_14-17_CS.indd 17 12/10/20 5:12 PM AP PHOTOS CATTARAUGUS COUNTY HISTORY GROUP HISTORY COUNTY CATTARAUGUS PHOTOS AP AP PHOTOS ONEROOM SCHOOLHOUSE: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY HISTORY GROUP

AP PHOTOS 12/10/20 5:19 PM12/10/20 5:19 PM in the s in the s A Torah scroll A Torah French students French . clear 2,000 clear 2,000 6:6-9 was as 6:6-9 was as were places to were places to Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Deuteronomy God’s word God’s In In Israel, Israel, schools schools teach scripture. teach scripture. Teach Teach is now. years ago as it (Homeschoolers have done that for decades.) Whether that decades.) done for have (Homeschoolers inthey’re South Africa the or Middle and East, Mrs. Mr. Brown make sure that their kids all complete their theyregularen in see more person assignments. school Notebooks and textbooks are on laptops and tablets today. Smart boards are the new chalkboards. Backyards have become classrooms. Families are learning school how to on European church and monks taught European schools classes. By 1179, the for all poor children. church leaders. Priests began as places train to mandated free education free mandated how keep to a home. how keep to a home. Mothers taught daughters daughters Mothers taught Mothers taught daughters daughters Mothers taught studied their father’s trade. studied their father’s trade. the road. More schools o er virtualthe classes. road. More schools Technology keeps kids o connected with the classroom. School sure has changed over the years! How Let’s much? see! the road. More schools o er virtualthe classes. road. More schools Technology keeps kids o connected with the classroom. School sure has changed over the years! How Let’s much? see! Boys that didn’t school to go Boys that didn’t school to go didn’t learn read to and write. didn’t learn read to and write. families could attend. Most kids families could attend. Most kids “Let’s hit Some the road!” “Let’s the children of royal or wealthy the children of royal or wealthy they weren’t for everyone. Only they weren’t for everyone. Only Schools Schools for for children children began began in in Egypt thousands of years ago. But Egypt thousands of years ago. But families than spent have more enough / 2021 / • time at home this school year. ey want a time this home at year. school kids Schoolcations aren’t new for another for new family,Schoolcations the aren’t Addison Poses is from Austin, But the 13-year- Texas. world Browns. ey’ve taken them for the past ﬁ ve years. e years.ve taken the them pastey’ve for ﬁ Browns. Browns choose their travels with in topics school mind. old attended school online school attended old Utah, in from Park City, the fall.e Poses also She horses, rode hiked,and zip-lined. family tubing went an and alpine enjoyed slide. Addison log inhad to online throughout school for the trip. But no saidone must she only it own from do her home! change of scenery. Seizingchange scenery. of might what be a rare opportu- ey’re parents some arenity, choosing “schoolcations.” taking waiting young scholars the on road—without for summer break! TAKE APART SMART 3WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 183WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 18 12/10/20 5:21 PM12/10/20 5:21 PM kids world • do school? do As America the grew, one-room schoolhouse became became one-room schoolhouse common. These schools were very busy places. A single teacher managed a roomful of kids of all ages and grades. / 2021 / Some hotels try hotels Some students help on to

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h h T to a schoolto room. Boston Latin School began rst public school.in 1635. It was It is the also the oldest school in the United States. In America, the rst schools In started America, in the the 13 colonies. In fact, each colony had a school. have to But many wealthy families paid tutors teach to their kids at home instead of sending them away in 1954 Arkansas Arkansas Students in Students In the 18th and 19th centuries, schools in the United States were separated race. by After many hard years, that changed. In 1954, the Supreme Court said segregated schools were unacceptable. and unconstitutional

on familyon outings. What their do kids think their about fun more much it experiencend . . . to ﬁ schoolcations? “I rsthand actually I’m what learningﬁ says in class,” Jay’Elle. daughter Boston Latin School Latin Boston AP PHOTOS CATTARAUGUS COUNTY HISTORY GROUP HISTORY COUNTY CATTARAUGUS PHOTOS AP 3WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 193WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 19 AP PHOTOS ONEROOM SCHOOLHOUSE: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY HISTORY GROUP

AP PHOTOS Pascal Cotte discovered a secret. He found a hidden drawing under a famous painting. e drawing shows how Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. It gives clues about the famous painting of the lady with the mysterious smile. In 2004, Mr. Cotte got permission to scan the Mona Lisa. He used a camera that he invented. e camera took 1,650 pictures of the painting. Mr. Cotte spent more than 15 years studying all the images. He looked for hidden refl ections under many layers of paint. Looking closely, Mr. Cotte saw “very fi ne details.” ere were faint charcoal lines under the centuries-old paint. e lines Mr. Cotte discovered are from a drawing technique called spolvero. An artist pricks tiny holes around a sketched outline. e artist rubs charcoal dust on the back of the sketch. en the sketch is rubbed onto a canvas. e charcoal dust makes a simple copy of the work. at’s what Mr. da Vinci did to create his Mr. Cotte’s Mona Lisa masterpiece. Until now, no one knew scan revelaed that he used the spolvero technique. Mr. da Vinci tiny dots and faint lines. sketched fi rst and painted later. “ e spolvero on the forehead and on the hand betrays a complete under-drawing,” says Mr. Cotte. God doesn’t need a fancy camera to see secrets. Jeremiah 33:3 says, “Call to me and I will answer you, and will tell you great and hidden things that you have not known.” Mr. Cotte’s research showed other surprises. e images Mr. Cotte took of the painting reveal curls on top of the smiling lady’s smooth hairstyle. A squiggle that looks like a hairpin is hiding in the ringlets. e sketches show other changes to the woman’s costume and the chair COTTE PASCAL IMAGES: CHARCOAL she sits in. No one knows why the Renaissance artist changed the sketch for his fi nal painting. But seeing the changes shows that even great artists plan and practice. e spolvero discovery raises art fans’ hopes for another mystery to be solved in the future. Is there an original paper sketch of the painting

hiding somewhere? BARRIE KRIEG

worldkids • / 2021

3WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 20 12/10/20 5:21 PM DRAW IT: The artist plans out his or her masterpiece by drawing an original design on paper.

PUNCH IT: The artist pricks tiny holes along the original design’s outline. The holes follow the lines of the drawing.

SET IT: The artist lays the design—now covered with tiny holes—on top of a blank canvas. The canvas is the same size as the design.

POUNCE IT: Fine charcoal dust is placed in a cloth sack. (Clay or chalk dust can also be used.) The artist gently bounces the cloth sack over the tiny holes in the paper. The holes act like a stencil over the canvas. Dust falls through. It marks the canvas with the outline of the original drawing. Applying dust in this way is called “pouncing.”

CHECK IT: The artist removes the original drawing from the canvas. Charcoal lines on the canvas line up exactly with the paper drawing.

PAINT IT: The canvas is ready to become a masterpiece. The artist paints colors over the charcoal sketch lines on the canvas.

TWEAK IT: The artist might make changes to the original drawing as the masterpiece takes shape. Even great artists tweak (adjust) their ideas as they work.

REVEAL IT: When the masterpiece is finished, the artist shares his or her work. No one will see the charcoal lines that outlined the original drawing. That’s okay. They served an important purpose. They helped the artist turn an original design into a finished painting. CHARCOAL IMAGES: © PASCAL COTTE © PASCAL IMAGES: CHARCOAL

1. What do 2. What did 3. What is spolvero? 4. The spolvero 5. Why some hotels now the first a) a canvas oil painting technique uses tiny would a offer families on schools in b) a drawing technique holes punched where? family schoolcations? Israel teach? that uses tiny holes a) on the finished canvas choose to a) field trips a) gymnastics and charcoal dust b) along the lines of an take school b) a pool b) literature c) a fancy camera original drawn design on the road c) tutoring c) arithmetic for taking scans c) in the fabric of a during a d) afterschool d) scripture d) the name for cloth sack pandemic? snacks hidden reflections d) on the artist’s Answers KRIEG BARRIE KRIEG in a painting easel frame on page 5

january/february 2021 • worldkids 21

3WK_21_18-21_TAS.indd 21 12/10/20 5:22 PM “Welcome home, ya feisty, meat-eating maniacs!” That’s an appropriate greeting for these Tasmanian devils. A group of the aggressive carnivores is moving back to the Australian mainland for the rst time in thousands of years. Eleven devils were freed from round, white cages this fall. A Tasmanian They began devil growls from exploring their inside his tree house at a zoo new home—the in Sydney, nearly 1,000-acre Australia. Barrington Tops wildlife refuge. Fossils show that Tasmanian devils died out in mainland Australia about 3,000 years ago. What wiped them out? It may have been dry weather, a growing human population, competition with other predators such as dingo dogs—or all three. The remaining devils moved to Tasmania, an island state of Australia.

Tasmanian devils will eat almost tors get right? Well, anything—from bugs to bunnies. And yes, real Tasmanian they would also devour Bugs Bunny if he devils are very was a real rabbit. hungry. eir quick

In the old Looney Tunes cartoon, all metabolisms cause TUNES LOONEY TAZ: PHOTO AP animals run for their lives when the Tasma- them to eat about 15 nian Devil (Taz for short) whirls across the percent of their body screen. Taz is half weight each day. So they are tornado and half very always looking for more meat to hungry animal who chow down on. CRITTER eats the food, the Tables and plates? Not so much. FILE plate, and the table. It’s hard to watch Looney Tunes What did Taz’s without wondering if the creators of

writers and anima- Taz had ever seen a real Tasmanian AP PHOTO

worldkids • / 2021

3WK_21_22-25_CF.indd 22 12/10/20 5:27 PM “Seeing those devils ght constantly. They getting rid of dead animal from eating. The cancer released into a wild easily crush the skulls of carcasses. That’s needed wiped out most devils, landscape—it’s a really their prey. Their 42 sharp to keep diseases from shrinking their population emotional moment,” says teeth slice through bone, spreading. For these from 140,000 to as few as Liz Gabriel. She is the muscle, and fur. And the reasons, Tasmanian devils 20,000. director of conservation devils make horrifying have been protected in How do you x a group Aussie Ark, which sounds. To the rst Australia since 1941. problem that big? led the release e ort. Europeans in Tasmania, the The rowdy little Researchers decided to Tasmanian devils once Tasmanian devils’ shrieks mammals have had many build a backup population had the name Sarcophilus sounded like demons. troubles over the years. of devils. They collect satanicus, which means Tasmanian devils may But the worst came in the animals that do not have “Satanic esh-lover.” The not be pleasant . . . but 1990s. Devils started the cancer. They release title seemed to t. The they’re important. These getting a cancer called them in Australia where creatures’ appearance may critters can control devil facial tumor disease. they won’t catch the remind you of a puppy. But groups of invasive species The sickness passes disease from other unlike puppies, Tasmanian such as foxes and feral between devils through devils. The animals’ devils are zero fun to be (wild) cats. They also their bites. It creates large new gigantic enclosures around. They stink. They clean up the world by tumors that prevent them feel like the wild.

Cancer-free Tasmanian devils are released in New South Wales, Australia, on September 10, 2020.

devil. e real ones don’t stand up idea: giving humanlike qualities to a pomorphizing animals can be taken and whirl around. ey walk on four non-human object or creature. Taz can too far. In extreme cases, people twist

AP PHOTO TAZ: LOONEY TUNES LOONEY TAZ: PHOTO AP muscular legs. In the cartoons, Bugs talk. He can stand upright and have a it to say, “Animals are people too.” Bunny always outsmarts Taz. at’s battle of wits. And these qualities Animals are not people. Why not? another (fun) inaccuracy. In a real make Looney Tunes fans love him. People are made in the image of God. battle with a bunny, the Tasmanian Anthropomorphism is a helpful We bear characteristics that come devil would win, no question. tool in play, in reading, and even in straight from Him. ese qualities Taz’s creators did something people watching cartoons. It helps us relate show who God is. Animals are God’s do all the time. You’ve probably even to things not like ourselves. (And real creation like we are—but not just like done it while playing or telling stories. Tasmanian devils are very unlike us . . . we are. ey are not made in His e y anthropomorphized an animal. unless we have the worst manners in image, even though they may bear

AP PHOTO at 10-dollar word stands for a simple the world!) But like all ideas, anthro- marks that point back to their Maker.

/ 2021 • worldkids

3WK_21_22-25_CF.indd 23 12/10/20 5:27 PM A white gira e in Kenya is darted with a tranquilizer in order for reaserchers to attach a GPS tracking device to it.

A white lion cub is held by its mother at the Belgrade Zoo in Serbia. A white peacock

A white lion lounges in the sunlight. A white peacock spreads its radiant feathers. Lesson? This guy may be the last white gira e. But he’s not the only critter a ected by leucism, the genetic anomaly that changes his color. You could also call a genetic anomaly a mutation. Mutation comes from the Latin word for change. A mutation is a change in a creature’s genes. (Genes are the code that determines a creature’s design. Genes decide how each living thing will look and function.) Even a tiny change in this gene “recipe” can make a big di erence for a living thing. Sometimes it makes a big shift for a whole species. Some mutations a ect only one individual. But

others pass from a creature to its o spring, and then to PHOTOS AP that creature’s o spring, and so forth. Is mutation good? It can be. Poison dart frogs developed

a genetic mutation. The change gave their bright skin black AP PHOTOS

worldkids • / 2021

3WK_21_22-25_CF.indd 24 12/10/20 5:27 PM A lone white giraffe grazes on the plain made the giraffes stand out. They were not in Kenya, Africa. As far as we know, he’s the camouflaged as well as brown giraffes. last white giraffe in the world. Conservation- Poachers and predators found them easily. ists snap into action. They say, “Track that The one surviving giraffe is dangerously giraffe!” visible in the arid savanna near the Somalia Now the giraffe wears a GPS tracking border. device. This will help protect him from But he’s not unprotected. The GPS poachers. tracking device attaches to one of the Not so long ago, the white giraffe wasn’t giraffe’s horns. It pings every hour to tell the only one of his kind. Conservationists also wildlife rangers where the giraffe is. watched a female white giraffe and her calf. What’s the giraffe’s name? He doesn’t The two were killed by poachers in March. have one—even though he’s famous now! What made white giraffes white? All What would you call him? white giraffes had a rare genetic trait called He gives to the beasts their food, and to the leucism. The white color caused by leucism young ravens that cry. — Psalm 147:9

0 Once, people thought giraffes didn’t make noise. Wrong! Giraffes grunt and hum—though some of their humming sounds are almost too 0 0 A white giraffe White giraffes Today we call these quiet for people to hear. And they seem to hum are unique. But so long-necked ruminants only at night. Why? We don’t know for sure— is every giraffe. (cud-chewers) giraffes. But an but the humming could help giraffe herds stick Each giraffe’s skin early English word for these together at night when it’s harder to see each reaserchers to pattern is distinc- critters was camelopard— other. Plus, it makes sense for a prey animal like tive, like a human camel for the long neck and the giraffe to keep quiet. They’re already huge. fingerprint. leopard for the spots. They don’t want extra attention from predators.

A black 1. feisty jaguar a) peaceable A poison b) spunky dart frog c) appropriate

2. devour a) eat b) fight blobs and stripes. The new patterns warn predators: Don’t take a bite! That c) outsmart benefits frogs and their predators. A mutation in black jaguars causes them to produce more melanin (dark 3. lone pigment) than spotted jaguars. Many species have similar mutations. Types of a) male lizards, moths, beetles, butterflies, snakes, and birds produce extra melanin b) solitary too. These mutations can help protect from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays. They can c) young Answers on page 5 keep animals warmer in cold climates. The melanin also acts as camouflage, hiding animals from creatures hunting them. 4. anomaly

AP PHOTOS AP In general, changed genes lead to good diversity. The more genetic a) regularity differences within a species, the stronger the species becomes. God’s creative b) irregularity power amazes us. The diversity in the world and even within species shows off c) disease

AP PHOTOS the infinite creativity of His mind. He loves variety!

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3WK_21_22-25_CF.indd 25 12/10/20 5:29 PM Ghina Ghaliya packs used mobile phones for poor3 children in her apartment in Tangerang, Indonesia.

mobile phone for internet access. Now, thanks to Ms. Ghaliya, Khaissyah has his own phone. Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi had to wait for his father to return from work as a motorcycle taxi driver. en East Qayran could use his dad’s Timor phone. at meant Qayran’s homework was sometimes turned in late. Ms. Ghaliya’s group gave the 11-year-old a phone. “I will use the phone e garbage collector asked In just a few months, Ms. Ghaliya’s to do online school every day,” he Ghina Ghaliya if she had an old, team collected more than 200 mobile says with a huge smile. unused mobile phone. He wanted it phones. Cash donations helped them Ms. Ghaliya is a problem solver. so his kids could have access to the buy even more phones. e team even She listened to the garbage collector. internet. “He said it does not matter purchased prepaid internet access to When she did, she heard about a if it is the ugly one, as long as his go along with some of the phones. need. e journalist worked hard to children can use it for learning from Ms. Ghaliya and her friends are meet the need. Now hundreds of home,” says Ms. Ghaliya. e simple happy to help students. “We really Indonesian students have better request sparked a big idea. Ms. hope the mobile phones can be used access to online school. 2 Corinthians Ghaliya started collecting old phones . . . during the pandemic,” she says. 8:14 reminds us, “your abundance at for students. Khaissyah Levi is a 16-year-old the present time should supply their Ms. Ghaliya is a journalist at a high school student in Depok, West need, so that their abundance may national newspaper in Jakarta, Java. He attends online classes in the supply your need, that there may Indonesia. Shortly after the pandem- morning. He borrowed his father’s be fairness.” ic hit, she and 11 other journalists organized a group to provide food Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi, left, tries out the mobile phone sent to him by Ms. Ghaliya. and money to people in need. But parents needed more help. eir children couldn’t log in to the internet from home. Ms. Ghaliya remembered the garbage collector’s request for his kids. She began a mission to ﬁ nd mobile phones for others.

JET PHOTOS AP BALLOON AP PHOTOS

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3WK_21_26-29_JB.indd 26 12/10/20 5:32 PM SUMATRA

Jakarta China Malaysia Indonesia JAVA

Papua East New Timor Australia Guinea Take a spin around the globe! Stop at the island nation of Sumatran tiger Indonesia. The tropical paradise is in Southeast Asia. It sits just north of Australia and south of China. Indonesia is in between the Komodo countries of Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, and East Timor. dragon One island, two island, three islands . . . 17,000 islands?! Indonesia is one country that is made of thousands of islands— 17,508 to be exact. If Indonesia’s islands were all scrunched together, the nation would be about three times the size of Texas. People live on 6,000 of Indonesia’s islands. Two of the largest islands are Sumatra and Java. Do those names sound familiar? Indonesians grow some of the world’s nest co ee on those islands. You may have heard of the co ees named for Orangutan those places. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Around 269 million people live there. Jakarta is its capital city. It’s located on Java. Half the country’s entire population lives on Java. Jakarta’s population is very dense (crowded together). Many people there live in slums. People, animals, and unsafe, overcrowded homes ll the dirty streets. Buildings in slums are often unstable. They usually lack water, toilets, and electricity. Hundreds of di erent languages can be heard in Jakarta’s slums. That’s because there are more than 700 di erent languages spoken in Indonesia. Most are tribal languages. They’ve been around for many hundreds of years. The country’s o cial A slum in Jakarta language is called Bahasa Indonesia. The hot and humid country is home to an impressive tropical wilderness. Wildlife in Indonesia’s jungle forests includes giant Ash spews from a Komodo dragons, Javan rhinoceroses, Sumatran tigers, and volcano orangutans. over the Indonesia has “the most” of several things in the world. It has village of Gamber. the most islands of any country. Those islands are home to the most active volcanoes in the world. Indonesia also has the largest Muslim population on Earth. But another 11 percent of the population say they are Christians. God loves the people of Indonesia. He created them for His

AP PHOTOS AP glory. James 2:5 says, “Listen, my beloved brothers, has not God A worker dries chosen those who are poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs co ee beans in the of the kingdom, which He has promised to those who love Him?” city of Medan.

AP PHOTOS Pray that the gospel would reach across the nation of Indonesia.

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3WK_21_26-29_JB.indd 27 12/10/20 5:33 PM ree astronauts link hands about Mr. Shepherd 260 miles above Earth. ey swing and Russians Sergei open the doors to the International Krikalev and Yuri Space Station and fl ick on the lights. Gidzenko blasted off What do they see? Only three puny, from Kazakhstan on cramped rooms. e spacemen heat October 31, 2000. water for hot drinks. ey activate the ey arrived at the toilet that they will share. “Now we ISS two days later. can live,” says astronaut Bill Shepherd. e three astronauts “We have lights, we have hot water, spent most of their and we have a toilet.” mission trying to get at was 20 years ago. Since that equipment to work. Mr. Shepherd (center) with cosmonauts Yuri historic fi rst mission, 241 people have “Each day seemed to Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev on the International Space Station on December 4, 2000 lived on or visited the International have its own set of Space Station (ISS). challenges,” Mr. What is the ISS? “It’s 500 tons of Shepherd says. He is retired now. miles of electrical wiring and an acre stuff zooming around in space,” says Since then, the station has of solar panels keep it running. Today, Mr. Shepherd. “And it’s all run for 20 grown—a lot. Now it measures almost the station has a lookout tower, three years with almost no big problems.” the length of a football fi eld. Eight toilets, six sleeping compartments,

The International Space Station in The International Space 2000. It has grown a Station was photographed lot in 20 years. by members of the 56th expedition in 2018. NASA NASA

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3WK_21_26-29_JB.indd 28 12/10/20 5:33 PM and 12 rooms. Three of those rooms are high-tech labs. What a difference from what the first crew saw! Imagine you’re an astronaut looking out the space Three astronauts live on the ISS station’s cupola. (That’s a small, domed section of the ISS now. They celebrated the 20-year with seven windows.) Check out that floating blue ball— anniversary with dinner and by Earth, your home. But it’s not just your home, of course. remembering the station’s early Other astronauts have watched at the window too— days. In 2000, astronauts could talk astronauts from Canada, Russia, and Japan. Earth is home to people on the ground only to all of you, people from all over the world. occasionally. Communication Astronauts from 19 countries have floated through the blackouts could last hours. Astro- space station hatches. That includes many repeat visitors nauts now can have contact with who arrived on shuttles for short-term construction work flight controllers on Earth almost all and several tourists who paid their own way. the time. They can even use an inter- The ISS keeps growing because nations keep sending new net phone for personal calls. parts to add on to it. One nation launches a piece. Another But the current crew does have to nation launches another. Then, in space, astronauts use watch out for one thing: space junk! This those materials to add on to the ISS. People on the ground year, the orbiting lab has had to dodge help too. Nations working together put the international in debris three times. International Space Station. The three astronauts on that first mission got along fine. But the Russians took orders from Russian Mission Control on the ground. The U.S. astronaut received commands from the United States. When the orders contradicted, the astronauts grew frustrated. Mr. Shepherd says he insisted the two countries come up with one plan. “I’ve got to say, that was my happiest day in space,” he says. Now astronauts usually spend six months at the ISS at a time. A few have stayed for close to a year. Scientists watch these long-termers to see how time in space affects the human body. But Mr. Shepherd and his crew barely had time for a handful of experiments. They worked and Astronauts Bob worked and worked. Mr. Gidzenko says they Behnken and Chris didn’t shave for days. It took a while just to Cassidy give a thumbs up during a find the razors. spacewalk outside Who calls the station home now? A group the International something like the first one—two Russians Space Station. and one American. And just like the first crew, their favorite pastime is gazing down at Earth. Astronaut Kate It takes a mere 90 minutes for the station to Rubins and cosmonauts circle the world. Astronauts on ISS can soak Sergey Ryzhikov and in 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets each day! Sergey Kud-Sverchkov celebrate 20 years of Behold, how good and pleasant it is when cooperation in space. brothers dwell in unity! — Psalm 133:1

1. What is Ghina 2. How many of 3. The International 4. Astronauts 5. How might Ghaliya’s job? Indonesia’s islands Space Station ____ . usually stay Ghina Ghaliya’s a) a teacher have people living a) returned to Earth on the ISS for vocation (job) b) a garbage collector on them? b) has orbited for ____ . have prepared c) a newspaper a) 6,000 20 years a) three days her for the journalist b) 17,508 c) has no communi- b) six months starting the d) a motorcycle c) 268 cation with Earth c) four years phone service for NASA taxi driver d) 1 d) is a U.S. Navy ship d) nine days needy children? Answers NASA on page 5

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3WK_21_26-29_JB.indd 29 12/10/20 5:34 PM Speed Skating Race Questions Did the Eleven Towns Tour speed skating race take place in the Netherlands this year? The ice skating event was first held in 1909 and only 15 times since then. Why? Ice on lakes and canals in the province of Friesland was not thick enough. Organizers this year watched the ice and the temperatures. They also asked, “What about the coronavirus Off to Oxford lockdown? Will it be lifted?” They considered the best options. Speed skating enthusiasts Every year, officials at Oxford University in England waited to hear the call: on or off? They might choose 32 exceptional students. “Come study at our just have to read Hans Brinker, or The Silver school for free,” they say. “You’ve earned it!” Skates by Mary Mapes Dodge instead. It’s a What an honor! This year’s Rhodes Scholars were story of sacrifice. It’s also a tale of an exciting chosen based on online meetings. (Normally, ice skating they would have to attend in-person race on a interviews.) But that doesn’t mean frozen canal. they were any less excited! Who wouldn’t be excited to study at Oxford? C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien were educated there. So were Asma many famous scientists, Rahimyar politicians, and journalists. More than 2,300 people from all over the world applied to be Rhodes Scholars this year. One hundred students won scholarships. Thirty-two are Netherlanders skate from the United States. One of those on a frozen river. is Asma Rahimyar. Ms. Rahimyar’s parents are immigrants to America from war-torn Afghanistan. Ms. Rahimyar wants to study refugee issues at Oxford.

Great are the works of the Lord, studied by all who STATE UNIVERSITY CONNECTICUT SOUTHERN • RAHIMYAR: PHOTOS AP delight in them. — Psalm 111:2

Both skaters Skating Fun at Rockefeller Center and statues have masks! The speed-skating race in the Netherlands may be a no-go. But those who skate for fun can still enjoy New York City’s most famous ice rink. The Rink at Rockefeller Center in the heart of Manhattan is open! The ice rink draws thousands of New Yorkers and tourists each winter. It has been featured on television and in many movies. Some people come to skate. Others enjoy sitting and watching the swirling action on the ice. The coronavirus is still a concern. Precautions must be taken to keep The Rink open. But everyone is happy that it isn’t closed completely. The Center has some new rules. Fewer people are allowed on the ice at a time. Before, skaters enjoyed 90-minute turns before clearing the way for others. Now those sessions are only 50 minutes per person. And everyone must wear

a mask too. But that doesn’t seem to stop the fun! AP PHOTOS

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3WK_21_04-31_Shorts.indd 30 12/10/20 4:31 PM Xiao Qi Ji in Baby Panda Is Now Washington “Little Miracle” More than three months after his birth, the baby panda at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., nally got a name. The Smithsonian Institute runs the zoo. O cials there announced the name on the fuzzy youngster’s 100th day of life. He will be called Xiao Qi Ji (shee-OW-chee-jee). That is Mandarin Chinese for “little miracle.” The zoo asked people to help choose the name from a list. Nearly 135,000 people cast votes in an online poll. Chinese tradition does not give names until 100 days after birth. The zoo wanted to honor that tradition for its baby panda. The cub o cially still belongs to China even though it was born in the United States.

Denmark’s Sick Minks Travel restrictions put a damper Hawaii on tourism income for the island state “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark,” Locals of Hawaii. But some locals found a wrote William Shakespeare long ago in his play, silver lining in the situation. Line- Hamlet. And it was true this past fall as well. Take Noue Memea Kruse lives on Oahu. Something really was rotten for the fur- and Quiet That’s Hawaii’s third-largest island. oil-producing creatures called minks—and for Without the crowds, Ms. Kruse went their farmers. Some minks caught a mutated Time back to the beach. She rejoiced in the (changed) version of the coronavirus. Scientists giant waves and glorious sunsets at discovered that the changed virus could make the North Shore beach near her home. She also spent people sick too. To try to stop the new form only 35 minutes driving for her errands. Normally, she from spreading, government o cials made a would be stuck in tra c for hours. Many other local hard decision. They told farmers to cull (destroy)

AP PHOTOS RAHIMYAR: SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY CONNECTICUT SOUTHERN RAHIMYAR: PHOTOS AP Hawaiians enjoyed similar blessings during the quieter many, many of the small creatures with the times. “I haven’t been down [to the shore] for a number super-soft fur. Culling the minks hurt farmers. of years because, frankly, it was just too crowded,” says They depend on selling mink fur and mink oil for state Senator J. Kalani English. “I started going there income. But Denmark’s leaders did not want again like I did when I was very young.” more of the country’s citizens to get sick. Skating Fun at Rockefeller Center Minks look out of their cage at a fur farm.

An almost-empty Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii AP PHOTOS

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28 29 Read your WORLDkids from cover to cover, and then you’ll be ready to complete this crossword based on story details 30 found in this issue. Solve the colored clues first if a word has you stumped!

COLORS: When you prick it, a balloon goes ___! The hair on a horse’s neck What you do in a car When you’re THETEACHERSCORNER.NET ON MAKER CROSSWORD THE USING CREATED not on time, you’re ___. Paintings, sculptures, and music are types of ___. Your clothes are too big—they don’t ___.

ACROSS: DOWN: 2 Region between the Sahara and savannas 1 Lively; aggressive 4 A product grown on Sumatra and Java 3 German code-making machine 7 Where the first public school in America 5 Individual corals was located 6 Harriet Tubman’s childhood nickname 9 Where the Rockefeller Center is 8 People who don’t get enough nutrition become ______. 10 Domed section of the ISS with windows 11 He painted the Mona Lisa. 12 Tasmanian devils moved back to ______13 Causing great damage Australia. 14 For the Lord gives ______. Proverbs 2:6 16 A mutation that changes animals’ color 15 Type of reefs that humans make 19 Giving humanlike qualities to animals 17 To remove a tenant from a rental property 20 Pay to all what is ______to them. Romans 13:7 18 A wind storm that travels in a straight line 24 To gather crops 21 Southern end of the Underground Railroad 25 Sound giraffes make 22 To be solitary; lonely 28 Capital of Indonesia 23 Call to me and I will ______you. Jeremiah 33:3 29 Lizard that changes color 26 What Bletchley Park is now 30 The first American on the ISS 27 Cute black and white animal Answers on page 5

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