Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment of Honeycomb Worm

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment of Honeycomb Worm Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment of Honeycomb Worm Sabellaria alveolata Reefs on the Eastern Irish Sea Coast Report to English Nature Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies University of Hull November 2002 Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS) The University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK Tel: +44 (0)1482 465667 or 465661 Fax/Tel: +44 (0)1482 465001 E-mail: [email protected] Author(s): JH Allen, I Billings, N Cutts, M Elliott Web site: http://www.hull.ac.uk/iecs Report: Z122-F-2002 English Nature Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment of Honeycomb Worm Sabellaria alveolata Reefs on the Eastern Irish Sea Coast November 2002 Reference No: Z122-F-2002 For and on behalf of the Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies Approved by: ______________________ Signed: ______________________ Position: ______________________ Date: ______________________ This report has been prepared by the Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, with all reasonable care, skill and attention to detail as set within the terms of the Contract with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This is a confidential report to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. Sabellaria alveolata: Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment Report to English Nature TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................I 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Eastern Irish Sea (Marine Nature Conservation Review: Region 13).......................................1 1.4 Current Status............................................................................................................................2 2. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Approach...................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Aims & Objectives....................................................................................................................3 2.3 Methodology ..........................................................................................................................4 2.4 Outputs......................................................................................................................................5 3. STUDY AREA...................................................................................................................................6 3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................6 3.2 Sub-Areas.............................................................................................................................11 3.2.1 Sub Area 1..................................................................................................................11 3.2.2 Sub-Area 2 .................................................................................................................16 3.2.3 Sub-Area 3 .................................................................................................................18 3.2.4 Sub-Area 4 .................................................................................................................19 3.2.5 Sub-Area 5 .................................................................................................................21 3.3 Summary .................................................................................................................................22 4. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................23 4.1 General Introduction ...............................................................................................................23 4.2 Distribution .............................................................................................................................24 4.3 Environmental Requirements..................................................................................................26 4.3.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................26 4.3.2 Vertical Distribution/Depth........................................................................................27 4.3.3 Hydrography ..............................................................................................................27 4.3.4 Suspended Sediment ..................................................................................................27 4.3.5 Temperature ...............................................................................................................27 4.3.6 Salinity .......................................................................................................................28 4.4 Physical Characteristics ..........................................................................................................28 4.5 Population Dynamics ..............................................................................................................29 4.7 Associated Community ...........................................................................................................32 4.8 Natural Events.........................................................................................................................35 4.9 Human Impacts ........................................................................................................................37 5. DATA COLLECTION ..........................................................................................................................40 5.1 Historical Data ........................................................................................................................40 5.2 Aerial Photographs..................................................................................................................40 5.2.1 Morecambe Bay .........................................................................................................40 Page i Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies Sabellaria alveolata: Mapping, Condition & Conservation Assessment Report to English Nature 5.2.2 Barrow, Duddon & Drigg...........................................................................................41 5.2.3 South Solway .............................................................................................................41 5.2.4 North Solway .............................................................................................................42 5.3 Summary .................................................................................................................................43 6. FIELD SURVEY..................................................................................................................................45 6.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................45 6.2 Survey Areas...........................................................................................................................45 6.2.1 North Wales/South Lancs. Coast................................................................................45 Dee Estuary ..........................................................................................................................45 6.2.2 Morecambe Bay Area.................................................................................................45 6.2.3 Cumbria Coast............................................................................................................46 6.2.4 South (English) Solway Coast....................................................................................47 6.3 Methodology...........................................................................................................................48 6.3.1 Pre-survey Data Set-up and Analysis.........................................................................48 6.3.2 Ground Survey Using Global Positioning Systems ...................................................50 6.3.3 Transect Survey and Quadrat Sampling.....................................................................53 6.3.4 Post-Survey Data Processing and Analysis................................................................53 7. RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEY .............................................................................................................59 7.1 North Wales/South Lancashire Coast .....................................................................................59 7.2 Morecambe Bay Area .............................................................................................................59
Recommended publications
  • Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis of Sabellariid Polychaetes, with Special Reference to <I>Phragmatopoma Lapidosa</I&
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 43(1): 41~O, 1988 LARVAL SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS OF SABELLARIID POL YCHAETES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHRAGMATOPOMA LA PIDOSA, A REEF-BUILDING SPECIES, AND SABELLARIA FLORIDENSIS, A NON-GREGARIOUS SPECIES Joseph R. Pawlik ABSTRACT The naturally-occurring inducers of larval settlement and metamorphosis have recently been isolated and identified for the northeast Pacific reef-building sabellariid polychaete, Phragmatopoma californica, and the larval responses of this species compared, in reciprocal laboratory settlement assays, to those of its European counterpart, Sabel/aria alveolata, The present study includes the larval behavior of two additional sabellariids from the western Atlantic, P. lapidasa, a reef-building species, and S. jlaridensis, a non-gregarious species. Larval responses of P. lapidosa were very similar to those of P. californica. In reciprocal laboratory assays of both species, greater metamorphosis occurred on conspecific than on heterospecific tube sand, but both metamorphosed more frequently on heterospecific tube sand than on control sand. Organic solvent extraction of the sand/cement matrix of tubes of P. lapidosa removed its capacity to induce conspecific metamorphosis. The capacity was retained in the lipid-soluble extract and was recovered as a single fraction by high-performance liquid chromatography. The inducers were identified by gas chromatography as a mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs) ranging from 14 to 22 carbons in length. The mixture contained the same component FFAs as the inductive fraction from the natural tube sand of P. californica, but the relative proportions were different. Of the FFAs found in the naturally-occurring mixture, larval metamorphosis was greatest in response to 16: I, 18:2, 20:4 and 20:5, with a significant response to 16: I at as low as I /l-g!gsand (surface area;;! 36 cm2).
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Life Information Network® for Britain and Ireland (Marlin)
    The Marine Life Information Network® for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) Description, temporal variation, sensitivity and monitoring of important marine biotopes in Wales. Volume 1. Background to biotope research. Report to Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru / Countryside Council for Wales Contract no. FC 73-023-255G Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters, Charlotte Marshall, & Dr Keith Hiscock With contributions from: Georgina Budd, Jacqueline Hill, Will Rayment and Angus Jackson DRAFT / FINAL REPORT January 2005 Reference: Tyler-Walters, H., Marshall, C., Hiscock, K., Hill, J.M., Budd, G.C., Rayment, W.J. & Jackson, A., 2005. Description, temporal variation, sensitivity and monitoring of important marine biotopes in Wales. Report to Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru / Countryside Council for Wales from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth. [CCW Contract no. FC 73-023-255G] Description, sensitivity and monitoring of important Welsh biotopes Background 2 Description, sensitivity and monitoring of important Welsh biotopes Background The Marine Life Information Network® for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) Description, temporal variation, sensitivity and monitoring of important marine biotopes in Wales. Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................................5 Crynodeb gweithredol ........................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Reef-Building, Ecosystem Engineering Polychaetes in Shallow Water Ecosystems
    diversity Review Role of Reef-Building, Ecosystem Engineering Polychaetes in Shallow Water Ecosystems Martín Bruschetti 1,2 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)-CONICET, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, FCEyN, Laboratorio de Ecología 7600, Argentina Received: 15 June 2019; Accepted: 15 September 2019; Published: 17 September 2019 Abstract: Although the effect of ecosystem engineers in structuring communities is common in several systems, it is seldom as evident as in shallow marine soft-bottoms. These systems lack abiotic three-dimensional structures but host biogenic structures that play critical roles in controlling abiotic conditions and resources. Here I review how reef-building polychaetes (RBP) engineer their environment and affect habitat quality, thus regulating community structure, ecosystem functioning, and the provision of ecosystem services in shallow waters. The analysis focuses on different engineering mechanisms, such as hard substrate production, effects on hydrodynamics, and sediment transport, and impacts mediated by filter feeding and biodeposition. Finally, I deal with landscape-level topographic alteration by RBP. In conclusion, RBP have positive impacts on diversity and abundance of many species mediated by the structure of the reef. Additionally, by feeding on phytoplankton and decreasing water turbidity, RBP can control primary production, increase light penetration, and might alleviate the effects of eutrophication
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Accidents 2015
    ISSN 2046-6277 LAKE DISTRICT SEARCH & MOUNTAIN RESCUE ASSOCIATION MOUNTAIN ACCIDENTS 2015 Cambridge Crag and Bowfell from ‘Wainwright’s Southern Fells’ and reproduced by courtesy of the Westmorland Gazette The Lake District Search and Mountain Rescue Association would like to acknowledge the contributions given to this association by all members of the public, public bodies and trusts. In particular, this association gratefully acknowledges the assistance given by Cumbria Constabulary. Contents Introduction ................................................................... 2 Chairman’s Report ........................................................ 3 Incident Details 2015 January ................................................................. 5 February ................................................................ 7 March .................................................................... 12 April ....................................................................... 16 May ....................................................................... 21 June ...................................................................... 26 July ........................................................................ 31 August ................................................................... 35 September ............................................................. 43 October ................................................................. 48 November .............................................................. 54 December .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Sabellaria Wilsoni (POLYCHAETA: SABELLARIDAE) NA ILHA DE ALGODOAL-MAIANDEUA (PARÁ)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BRAGANÇA INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS COSTEIROS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA AMBIENTAL MESTRADO EM BIOLOGIA DE ORGANISMOS DA ZONA COSTEIRA AMAZÔNICA ÁLVARO JOSÉ DE ALMEIDA PINTO BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Sabellaria wilsoni (POLYCHAETA: SABELLARIDAE) NA ILHA DE ALGODOAL-MAIANDEUA (PARÁ) Bragança – PA 2011 ÁLVARO JOSÉ DE ALMEIDA PINTO BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Sabellaria wilsoni (POLYCHAETA: SABELLARIDAE) NA ILHA DE ALGODOAL-MAIANDEUA (PARÁ) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Ambiental como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do Grau de Mestre Biologia de Organismos da Zona Costeira Amazônica . Orientador : Prof. Dr. José Souto Rosa Filho Coorientadora : Prof a. Dr a. Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira Bragança – PA 2011 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação(CIP) Biblioteca Geól. Rdº Montenegro G. de Montalvão P659b Pinto, Álvaro José de Almeida Biologia reprodutiva de Sabellaria wilsoni (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) na ilha de Algodoal-Maiandeua (Pará) / Álvaro José de Almeida Pinto; orientador: José Souto Rosa Filho; co- orientadora: Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira Pantoja. – 2011 65 f. : il. Dissertação (mestrado em biologia ambiental) – Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Bragança, 2011. 1. Polychaeta. 2. Reprodução iteropára. 3. Distúrbios ambientais. 4. Zona costeira. I. Rosa Filho,José Souto, Orient. II. Pantoja, Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira, coorient. III. Universidade Federal do Pará. IV. Título. CDD 20º ed.: 592.62 098115 ÁLVARO JOSÉ DE ALMEIDA PINTO BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Sabellaria wilsoni (POLYCHAETA: SABELLARIDAE) NA ILHA DE ALGODOAL-MAIANDEUA (PARÁ) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Ambiental como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do Grau de Mestre Biologia de Organismos da Zona Costeira Amazônica .
    [Show full text]
  • Tidelines Winter 2018
    Issue 49 Winter 2018 Eels in the Classroom Page 4-5 Coastline Pollinators Project Page 6-7 SCRAPbook Pilots Page 10-11 Chairman’s Column Alastair McNeill FCIWEM C.WEM MCMI e live in times when there are increasing and often progressing at pace and it is pleasing to note that Coastwise competing demands on the marine environment has received considerable promotion as the result of featuring Wincluding the Solway Firth. SFP’s key aim is to on TV, newspapers and social media. The Coastwise make a significant contribution to sustainable development Facebook page had over 1900 followers at the time of the and environment protection by supporting integrated marine Board’s September meeting. The Solway Marine Information, and coastal planning. This continues to be achieved through Learning and Environment (SMILE) Project aims to identify the provision of transparent, balanced and respected gaps in existing data, will gather information and, share practices that support objective, impartial, evidence-based knowledge using innovative communications: it will update mechanisms involving cooperation and consensus. and supersede the Partnership’s Solway Review of 1996. Marine planning, resulting from an EU Directive, introduced Activities undertaken thus far are ensuring the project is well a process for maritime spatial planning on both sides of the on its way to delivering its outcomes and, subject to Solway. In Scotland, the National Marine Plan successful bids for EMFF support, will potentially sets out a framework to promote sustainable result in separate maritime socioeconomic development and the sustainable use of studies on both the north and south marine resources. Currently, three Solway coastlines.
    [Show full text]
  • Harris, Member of Holm Monthly Meeting, Master
    Friends in Admiral Rodney's Squadron In 1781 two members of Holm Monthly Meeting, Cumberland, were impressed into the British Navy; Joseph Skelton and Jonathan Taylor were taken from the merchant ship Isabella, Anthony Harris, member of Holm Monthly Meeting, master. Their plight has recently come to light in two letters found in the archives of New York Yearly Meeting. The letter "on behalf of Joseph Skelton1' written at Wigton in 4th month 1782 is signed by eight members of Holm Monthly Meeting. TO FRIENDS IN NORTH AMERICA OR ELSEWHERE Dear Friends: Whereas our Friends Clement Skelton and Anthony Harris, have requested our Certificate, in favour of Joseph Skelton, who was impressed from his Master, Anthony Harris, at New York the loth day of the i ith month 1781, and carried on Board the King's Ship, Intrepid, Capt. Molloy, one of Admiral Rodney's Squadrent, if the above Ship should come to New York, or any way under your Notice, that you make Enquire for Jo« Skelton, and use your utmost indeavors to procure him his Liberty; or any other Assistance in your power, will much oblige your Friends and Brethern. These are to certify to you on his behalf that Clement Skelton and Anthony Harris, are both members of our Monthly Meeting, the young man Jo! Skelton had a religious and sober education with his Father, his conduct whilst here and also when under our Friend Anthony Harris, his late Master, was orderly and agreeable to Friends which Intitles him to the esteem of a member, we there­ fore Recommend him to your tender Notice; indeavoring if it seem practible to Obtain him Liberty from his disagreeable Confine­ ment, so with desire for the same, and his preservation, and Growth in the Truth, we remain your Friends and Brethern, Signed in and on behalf of the Holm Monthly Meeting held at Wigton in the County of Cumberland, the i8th of 4th month 1782.
    [Show full text]
  • RR 01 07 Lake District Report.Qxp
    A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas Integrated Geoscience Surveys (North) Programme Research Report RR/01/07 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT Bookmarks The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. In addition, the report contains links: from the principal section and subsection headings back to the contents page, from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and from each page number back to the contents page. RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT RR/01/07 A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the District and adjacent areas Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2004. D Millward Keywords Lake District, Lower Palaeozoic, Ordovician, Devonian, volcanic geology, intrusive rocks Front cover View over the Scafell Caldera. BGS Photo D4011. Bibliographical reference MILLWARD, D. 2004. A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas. British Geological Survey Research Report RR/01/07 54pp.
    [Show full text]
  • English/French
    World Heritage 36 COM WHC-12/36.COM/8D Paris, 1 June 2012 Original: English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Thirty-sixth Session Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation 24 June – 6 July 2012 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8D: Clarifications of property boundaries and areas by States Parties in response to the Retrospective Inventory SUMMARY This document refers to the results of the Retrospective Inventory of nomination files of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List in the period 1978 - 1998. To date, seventy States Parties have responded to the letters sent following the review of the individual files, in order to clarify the original intention of their nominations (or to submit appropriate cartographic documentation) for two hundred fifty-three World Heritage properties. This document presents fifty-five boundary clarifications received from twenty-five States Parties, as an answer to the Retrospective Inventory. Draft Decision: 36 COM 8D, see Point IV I. The Retrospective Inventory 1. The Retrospective Inventory, an in-depth examination of the Nomination dossiers available at the World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS and IUCN, was initiated in 2004, in parallel with the launching of the Periodic Reporting exercise in Europe, involving European properties inscribed on the World Heritage List in the period 1978 - 1998. The same year, the Retrospective Inventory was endorsed by the World Heritage Committee at its 7th extraordinary session (UNESCO, 2004; see Decision 7 EXT.COM 7.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Solway Basin Area Profile: Supporting Documents
    National Character 6: Solway Basin Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 6: Solway Basin Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper1, Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape Convention3, we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Appendix D 5 App C Lanercost Dist List
    Addressee Designation Address1 Address 2 Address 3 Postcode No LANERCOST SCHOOL Parents,govs,staff Lanercost CE School Lanercost Brampton CA8 2HL 80 Cllr Duncan Fairbairn County Councillor, Cabinet Mem Thornby Moor House , Aikton Wigton , CA7 0JZ 1 Cllr John Mallinson Cumbria County Council -Local A17 Wolsty Close Carlisle CA3 0PB 1 Cllr Lawrence Fisher Cumbria County Council - Local 26 Hanson Place Carlisle CA1 1NG 1 1 Ros Berry Children's Services Director & CoPrimary Care Trust Wavell Road, RosCarlisle 1 Angela Tunstall Department for Children, SchoolsMowden Hall Staindrop Road Darlington DL3 9BG 1 Fran Gosling Thomas Children's Services Advisor GONW City Tower Manchester M1 4BE 1 Luiz Ruscillo Diocese of Lancaster Education The Education Centre Balmoral Road Lancaster LA1 3BT 1 Bert Thomas Acting Director of Education Diocesan Church Centre West Walls Carlisle CA3 8UE 1 Rory Stewart MP Penrith and the Borders House of Commons London SW1A 0AA 1 Ms M Mooney Chief Executive Civic Centre Rickergate Carlisle CA3 8QG 1 Mr C S Bowman Carlisle City Councillor Ferndale Corby Hill Carlisle CA4 8QG 1 CFM Radio Broadcasting Centre Durranhill Ind Est Carlisle 1 BBC Radio Cumbria Annetwell Street Carlisle CA3 8BB 1 Tyne Tees and Border Te Television House, The Watermark, Gateshead, NE11 9SZ 1 Cumberland News Newspaper House Dalston Road Carlisle CA5 5UA 1 Cumbria Council for Voluntary Service 27 Spencer Street Carlisle CA1 1BE 1 Ms KJM Bowness Farlam Parish Council 4 Park Terrace Hallbankgate Brampton CA8 2PL 1 Mrs M Ryan Burtholme Parish Council
    [Show full text]
  • A Lithostratigraphical Framework for the Carboniferous Successions of Northern Great Britain (Onshore)
    A lithostratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous successions of northern Great Britain (onshore) Research Report RR/10/07 HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT Bookmarks The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub- headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. In addition, the report contains links: from the principal section and subsection headings back to the contents page, from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and from each page number back to the contents page. RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used RESEARCH REPOrt RR/10/07 with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2011. Keywords Carboniferous, northern Britain, lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy. A lithostratigraphical framework Front cover for the Carboniferous successions View of Kae Heughs, Garleton Hills, East Lothian. Showing of northern Great Britain Chadian to Arundian lavas and tuffs of the Garleton Hills Volcanic Formation (Strathclyde Group) (onshore) exposed in a prominent scarp (P001032). Bibliographical reference M T Dean, M A E Browne, C N Waters and J H Powell DEAN, M T, BROWNE, M A E, WATERS, C N, and POWELL, J H. 2011. A lithostratigraphical Contributors: M C Akhurst, S D G Campbell, R A Hughes, E W Johnson, framework for the Carboniferous N S Jones, D J D Lawrence, M McCormac, A A McMillan, D Millward, successions of northern Great Britain (Onshore).
    [Show full text]