Unlocking Pentonville INTRODUCTION
We are interested in what is happening in our area, and this project is a contribution to that debate.
Her Majesty’s Prison Service is investing £1.3billion in building new ‘super prisons’, creating 10,000 more spaces for prisoners. It is achieving this by disposing of its inner city gaols, unlocking these sites for redevelopment.
At Holloway Prison, which is a local prison for women, the process of disposal is underway. It is likely that the iconic Pentonville will follow. In view of the prison’s history and the listed status of some of its buildings, and with pressure from the King’s Cross development and concerns around housing locally, the challenge is to envision a new life for the site that communicates its past and considers its relevance for the future.
Unlocking Pentonville aims to imagine a radical new vision for this area of Caledonian Road by producing a spatial, social and economic proposition for the prison site.
This document is a record of our discussion ‘What Next’ METHODS RESEARCH: APPROACH
To fully investigate and 30 / feature / prisons Our research methods were t certainly looked like an attractive contextualise Pentonville i prospect. Shut the rundown Victorian prisons. Sell off the sites, many of which diverse and informative, our are on now lucrative locations in inner city London, for redevelopment as housing. Bank a tidy set of receipts. Use the money prison, we considered a variety raised to build replacement facilities in less expensive locations, releasing funds for more sources included: voter-friendly items, like nurses and tax cuts. This was the vision for the future of the prison of sources and developed estate sketched out in a report over three years ago by the Policy Exchange think tank. George Local and national newspaper Osborne and Michael Gove were seduced. Just over a year ago, the then chancellor of the exchequer and justice secretary turned up at the project through several 1 Brixton prison in south London to announce an ambitious programme to build nine new articles facilities, which would be paid for partly from the sale of clapped out, mainly Victorian gaols like methods; Brixton. However, just over a year on, both Gove and Osborne have returned to the House of Documentaries on the area such Commons’ backbenches. And aside from property agent GVA being appointed to advise on the sale of HMP Holloway, there has been 2 little public progress on the disposal programme. Here, Building looks at how remodelling the as ‘The Secret History of Our prison estate is proving a tougher nut to crack than Gove anticipated, and we examine progress on the new-build prisons programme. RESEARCH Streets: Caledonain Road’ Need for reform There’s little disagreement that the prison estate, which has grown up in higgledy-piggledy fashion over the centuries and is now managed What is the physical, social and by the central government agency the National Demographic information issued Offender Management Service, needs historical context of Pentonville? 3 by the council How does it relate to the A walk around the local area not much national state of prisons? We 4 recorded with photographs defined three themes; memory, Miranda Critchley’s dissertation in the swag bag Converting old prisons into housing to fund new prisons 5 photo stoCk alamy / webster editorial finbarr in less expensive locations isn’t going according to script, justice and wellbeing, which writes David Blackman, who says the government’s about the plans for the programme is unlikely to bring in the cash it was hoping for informed our proposal. redevelopment of Holloway Prison in the late 1960s - 1970s 03.02.17 BUILDING MAGAZINE 1 030_BUILDING030217pmddJCv4.inddBuilding Magazine 30 03.02.17 - http://www.building.co.uk/ 31/01/2017 09:43 PRECEDENT STUDIES analysis/features How have modular prisons been developed in the past? How can architecture have a positive effect on society? How could Unlocking Pentonville address the Caledonian ward specifically?
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Design reviews encouraged input from a variety of individuals.
INDICATIVE PROPOSAL One vision for the Pentonville site that questions ‘What next?’
2 BBC documentary: The Secret History of Our Streets - A Story www.islington.gov.uk/~/media/sharepoint-lists/ LOCAL EXHIBITION of London, Episode 3, Caledonian Road public-records/publichealth/qualityandperformance/ As part of the London Festival of profiles/20142015/20140512wardprofilecaledonian2014.pdf Architecture, we presented our This caution is particularly important in the context of Holloway, which has long been the subject of picturesque depictions. Nineteenth-century prints (see fig. 1) and photographs from proposal and invited locals to the early 1970s present a romantic image of the old prison; but this romanticism of representational style should not be projected onto the experiences of inmates. This discuss Pentonville’s future. dissertation works from the assumption that the deprivation of one’s liberty, whatever the environment of incarceration, is an unpleasant, even traumatic experience. It is also underpinned by the belief that prison is used far too frequently in the UK – for both men and women.7 DEBATES To accompany the exhibition, 3 talks discussed the themes of Memory, Justice and Wellbeing.
WORKSHOP
A platform for members of the Figure 1: City House of Correction (later Holloway Prison), 1847.
public to have their say, with the The contemporary penal system and the recent developments at HMP Holloway have been an aim of distilling some founding important, if background, consideration in this project. I hope that my analysis of the first redevelopment encourages a productive scepticism of current claims that new modern prison principles for a Pentonville buildings will automatically create a better justice system. If evidence is needed that architecture alone cannot bring change, then Holloway is a good place to look. vision, to inform a future planning brief for the site. 5 4 Photograph of Pentonville Prison, taken by Toby Carr Reinventing the Prison: The Redevelopment of HMP Holloway, 1968 -1978
7 As of 10 September 2016, there were 81,124 men and 3843 women in prison in England and Wales. See the Howard League for Penal Reform’s Prison Watch: http://howardleague.org/prisons- information/prison-watch/ (accessed 10 September 2016).
8 RESEARCH: CONTEXT CALEDONIAN ROAD LANDUSE ANALYSIS
HMHM PentonvillePentonville PrisonPrison WheelwrightWheelwright StreetStreet RailwayRailway BridgeBridge NoNo 117117 BOK1BOK1 OffordOfford RoadRoad HuntingdonHuntingdon StreetStreet BridgemanBridgeman RoadRoad RichmondRichmond AvenueAvenue CopenhagenCopenhagen StreetStreet
Frederica Street Street Frederica Frederica Railway Bridge No 117 BOK1 BOK1 117 117 No No Bridge Bridge Railway Railway Brewery Road Road Brewery Brewery Street Street Blundell Blundell Street Street Tilloch Tilloch Street Street Freeling Freeling Street Street Story Story Street Street Bingfield Bingfield Street Street Stanmore Stanmore Street Street Twyford Twyford Street Street Copenhagen Copenhagen Lyon Street Lyon Street Street Kember Kember
432432 MarketMarket RoadRoad 424424 420420 416416 HMHM PentonvillePentonville PrisonPrison WheelwrightWheelwright StreetStreet 406406 404b404b 402a402a RailwayRailway BridgeBridge NoNo 117117 BOK1BOK1 400400 Street Lyon 392392 OffordOfford RoadRoad 386386 370370 HuntingdonHuntingdon StreetStreet 368-366368-366 354354 344344 BridgemanBridgeman RoadRoad 342342 326326 314314 300300 286286 274274 270270 RichmondRichmond AvenueAvenue 268268 256256 242242 230230 216216 CopenhagenCopenhagen StreetStreet 212212
Frederica Street Street Frederica Frederica Railway Bridge No 117 BOK1 BOK1 117 117 No No Bridge Bridge Railway Railway 455 455 Road Road Market Market 426 426 427 427 Road Road Brewery Brewery 421a 421a 419 419 Street Street Blundell Blundell 379 379 367 367 355 355 349 349 339 339 327 327 Street Lyon 325 325 313-315 313-315 Street Street Kember Kember 309-311 309-311 299 299 Street Street Tilloch Tilloch 297 297 287 287 Street Street Freeling Freeling 285 285 273 273 Street Street Story Story 271 271 259a 259a Street Street Bingfield Bingfield 257 257 243 243 237 237 Street Street Stanmore Stanmore 229-235 229-235 Street Street Twyford Twyford 219-227 219-227 199 199 Street Street Copenhagen Copenhagen 193a 193a Lyon Street Lyon
USEUSE CLASSESCLASSES
A1A1 Shops, Shops, inc.inc. hairdressers,hairdressers, domesticdomestic hire,hire, drydry cleaners,cleaners, internetinternet cafescafes A2A2 Financial Financial andand ProfessionalProfessional services,services, BettingBetting shopsshops A3A3 Restaurants Restaurants andand cafescafes A4A4 Drinking Drinking EstablishmentsEstablishments A5A5 Hot Hot foodfood TakeawaysTakeaways Market Road Market Road Road Offord Road Offord Huntingdon Street Huntingdon Street Bridgeman Road Bridgeman Road Richmond Avenue Richmond Avenue Wheelwright Street Wheelwright Street Railway Bridge Railway Bridge B1B1 Workspace, Workspace, Offices,Offices, LightLight industry industry B2B2 General General IndustrialIndustrial B3B3 Storage Storage centrecentre
C1C1 Hotel, Hotel, GuesthouseGuesthouse HMHM Pentonville Pentonville Prison Prison
C2C2 Education, Education, Copenhagen Street Copenhagen Street Training,Training, Hospital,Hospital, CareCare HomeHome C2AC2A Secure Secure residentialresidential accomodationaccomodation -- prisonprison C3C3 Residential, Residential, dwellingdwelling househouse
D1D1 Clinics, Clinics, HealthHealth centres,centres, PlacesPlaces ofof worship,worship, MuseumsMuseums andand Lyon Street Lyon Lyon Street Lyon Story Street Story Street Market Road Market Road Tilloch Street GalleriesGalleries Tilloch Street Brewery Road Brewery Road Brewery Kember Street Kember Street Blundell Street Blundell Street Twyford Street Twyford Twyford Street Twyford Freeling Street Freeling Freeling Street Freeling Bingfield Street Bingfield Street Frederica Street Frederica Street Frederica Stanmore Street Stanmore D2D2 Halls, Halls, Cinemas,Cinemas, Street Stanmore SportSport andand EntertainmentEntertainment
SuiSui GenerisGeneris
PublicPublic ParkPark Copenhagen Street Copenhagen Street
PublicPublic RoadRoad
VacantVacant
Title] Title]
1:1000 1:1000
[Drawing[Drawing Scale:Scale:
1 1
USE CLASSES
A1 Shops, inc. B1 Workspace, dwelling Hairdressers, domestic Offices, Light industry D1 Clinics, Health hire, dry cleaners, B2 General Industrial centres, Places of internet cafés B3 Storage centre worship, Museums and A2 Financial and C1 Hotel, Guesthouse Galleries Professional services, C2 Education, D2 Halls, Betting shops Training, Hospital, Cinemas, Sport and A3 Restaurants and Care Home Entertainment cafés C2A Secure Sui Generis A4 Drinking residential Public Park Establishments accommodation - Public Road A5 Hot food prison Vacant Takeaways C3 Residential, RESEARCH: MEMORY
1840 Birds Eye View of Pentonville (1840): London Metropolitan Archives, City of London (303330 SC/PZ/IS/01/124) https://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/
1867: 220 Cells 1958: Education block built 1871: Vaulted roof added to wings B-C within wing C after a bomb removed and one storey damaged this section added to wings A-D
C
D B
Chapel
A Original location of portcullis entrance 2017 building and bell tower
Pentonville Prison is a prominent mind, on first entering and additions to the original five listed structure on Caledonian wings. However, Pentonville’s Road that is still operational it, as a bit of the certified normal accommodation today. It has had a long and Crystal Palace, stripped level, the prison service’s own varied history encompassing of all its contents.” measure of uncrowded capacity, many of the changes in the British is 909. With damning reports from The Criminal Prisons of London and Scenes of Prison penal system. Life, Henry Mayhew and John Binny (1862) highlighting poor standards, this After its completion in 1842, reality contrasts with Jebb’s once Pentonville served as a model for Colonel Joshua Jebb’s design futuristic vision. many other British prisons. The used the innovative principles five-storey prison was perceived of a radial plan and a separate by some to be quite iconic: cell system, which was thought “Life inside HMP to encourage prisoner reform Pentonville is one of through individual confinement. drugs, overcrowding . . the extremely Each cell measures 4.1m x 2.3m. bright, and cheerful, The prison’s initial capacity of and alienating 520 prisoners has stretched to hopelessness.” and airy quality of the Map of London (1859): Islington Local History Centre Weller’s Image: Edward 1264 as a result of extensions Carl Cattermole, The Guardian (6 July 2015) building . . strikes the MEMORY ANALYTICAL TIMELINE
1850 1972 2014 2016 Mountjoy Prison completed in The ‘Pentonville Five’ were jailed for refusing to stop Poetry protest held outside the prison on 28th March due Jamal Mahmoud died and two other Dublin with same design principles picketing a container depot on the 21st of July. This to general government ban on parcels for prisoners, which prisoners were injured after a stabbing as Pentonville. led to a national strike and consequently their release restricted access to books occurred at Pentonville Prison on 18th within a week. October Local teenager Henry Hicks died on the 19th December 1852 1958 following a police chase adjacent to Pentonville prison. Two prisoners escaped from Pentonville King’s Cross station Pentonville education block built within on the 6th November, using diamond first opened. wing C after a bomb damaged the tipped cutting equipment and sheets to central section lower themselves to the ground.
1961 1840-1842 1850 1852 1867 1871-90 1958 1972 2003 2014 2015 2016 2017
1871 1961 1994 2015 2017 Pentonville vaulted roof Edwin Albert Elements of the prison Prisoner ‘Titch’ climbed onto Pentonville’s removed and one storey added Arthur Bush became grade II listed. Pentonville’s roof during a total population to wings A-D. was hanged for standoff with police about the is 1248, with a murder on the 6th prison’s conditions. possible capacity of July 1961, he 2003 of 1264 1840-42 1867 was the last man Inspection report blamed Pentonville Prison built, design by 220 cells added to wings B-C of to be hanged at overcrowding for the poor standards in Vigil held by Bent Bars outside Pentonville Prison to honour Colonel Joshua Jebb. Pentonville. Pentonville Prison. the prison. all trans and gender nonconforming people in prison.
Exterior - 1842 Interior - 1864 Municipal Map - 1913 ‘Siege of Pentonville’ Municipal Map - 2017 Etching illustrating the sparse context Etching illustrating the original Built in 1855, the cattle market brought The ‘Pentonville Five’ Dockers refused to stop picketing a container depot in Compared to other boroughs today, around the Model Prison. interior atrium. more business and housing to the area East London. National strikes preceded their release one week later. Islington has less green space.
Image: The Model Prison at Pentonville (1842): Islington Local Image: Interior of the Model prison at Pentonville (1864): Islington Image: London Metropolitan Archives, City of London (Ref: RM19/6) Image: Siege of Pentonville (Islington Gazette 1972): Islington Local History Centre History Centre Local History Centre RESEARCH: JUSTICE JUSTICE DEPRIVATION MAP
38%of children in Islington are living in poverty £35,490 is the annual income required to afford to live in Islington
H o wl o l R aoy a d Caledonian Road ‘Let’s destroy this prison society!’ Photograph of graffiti on Caledonian Road taken in May 2017
ork WayW a k r Yo
HMP Pentonville 37rise in% house prices in Islington Photograph of graffiti on Caledonian Road taken in May 2017 over the past 5 years
d a o R n a i n o d e l a C
Caledonian Road & Barnsbury
‘In loving memory of Alan Cartwright’ Thornhill Shrine to local teenager Alan Cartwright,15, who was 59%of those imprisoned for less Square stabbed to death on the Caledonian Road by 18 year old than 12 months will go on to Joshua Williams, as he tried to steal his bicycle re-offend within one year
Shrine to Alan Cartwright, 15, who was stabbed to Shrine to local man Henry Hicks who died at age 18 when he crashed his death on Caledonian Rd moped during a police pursuit
The prison population has imprisonment. Public sector cuts and welfare increased dramatically in the reform are exacerbating these Deprivation Map UK, almost doubling between trends. Based on the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation Reducing inequality Areas most deprived ‘Justice for Henry’ 1990-2016. This is a result of Islington has one of the highest Areas in the darkest red fall into 10% most deprived Shrine to local man Henry Hicks who died at age 18 49%of those living in Islington when he crashed his moped during a police pursuit longer sentences and a greater in the UK would crime rates and one of the are social housing tenants number of crimes punishable by highest youth re-offending rates Caledonian Ward result in 37 per cent imprisonment. Although crime in London. Theft and handling Boundary occurs across all sections of fewer people being is the most frequently reported Areas least deprived society, young people, ethnic imprisoned each year offence in the borough.3 Areas in the lightest yellow fall into 30% least deprived minorities and those living in from The Cost of Inequality, The Equality Trust (April 2014) For some young people this poverty are more likely to end up represents an opportunity Deprivation Key in prison.1 Inequality is widening in Islington for financial gain that is not While there are links between where the wealthiest and poorest otherwise available to them. The BasedIslington on the inequality 2015 Index snapshot of Multiple Deprivation unemployment, poor education, live side by side. High housing Caledonian ward is the most poor health, poverty, inadequate costs are the primary cause of deprived area of Islington in housing and crime, there are inequality. By 2020 families will terms of income and access to 11.4% earn also questions around who is struggle to live in the borough education and training. more than 1, from Reclaim Justice Network, downsizingcriminaljustice. £75,000 criminalised and which crimes unless at least one member earns wordpress.com 2, from Distant Neighbours, Poverty and Average house price 2 inequality in Islington: How we will respond, Cripplegate £534 are most likely to lead to well above the average wage. Foundation (2013) 3, from www.met.police.uk 10% most deprived £708,811 30% least deprived
Mortgage Private Social housing Average weekly rental holders renters tenants £534 £534 28.7% earn less than £78,000 £61,000 £15,500 £20,000
Housing Costs Average Annual Incomes Average Annual Household
Land Registry data for February 2017 Data taken from Penny, J., Shaheen, F., and Lyall, S. (2013). Incomes by Tenure Distant Neighbours: poverty and inequality in Islington. London: nef Data taken from Penny, J., Shaheen, F., and Lyall, S. (2013). Distant Neighbours: poverty and inequality in Islington. London: nef
Islington crime snapshot
Statistics from www.police.uk
200
10000 150 8000
100 6000
4000 50 2000 No. of offences recorded recorded No. of offences
0 0 Police recorded crimes per 1,000 population Police recorded Brent Drugs Ealing City of Barnet Bexley Sutton Enfield Merton Harrow offence Thames Thames Chelsea Burglary Burglary Criminal Bromley Robbery Hackney Camden Damage Islington Croydon handling Lambeth Newham Havering Haringey Theft and Lewisham Hounslow Hillingdon Southwark Redbridge Greenwich the person Dagenham and Fulham Barking and Westminster Wandsworth Hammersmith Other notable Sexual offence Tower Hamlets Tower Kingston upon Waltham Forest Waltham Kensington and Richmond upon Fraud or forgery Violence against Crimes Rates Comparison for Islington and London Type of Offences Committed in Islington Metropolitan Police Force Area 2016 2015-2016 JUSTICE ISLINGTON INEQUALITY & CRIME SNAPSHOT
Housing Costs Average Annual Incomes Data taken from: Land Registry data for February 2017 Data taken from: Penny, J., Shaheen, F., and Lyall, S. (2013). Distant Neighbours: poverty and inequality in Islington. London: nef
11.4% earn more than £75,000 Average house price £708,811
Average weekly rental £534 28.7% earn less than £20,000
Average Annual Household Incomes by Tenure Data taken from Penny, J., Shaheen, F., and Lyall, S. (2013). Distant Neighbours: poverty and inequality in Islington. London: ref
Mortgage Private Social housing holders renters tenants
£78,000 £61,000 £15,500
Crime Rates Comparison for Islington and London Metropolitan Police Force Area 2016 200 Statistics from www.police.uk
150
100
50
0 Police recorded crimes per 1,000 population Police recorded Brent Ealing City of Barnet Bexley Sutton Enfield Merton Harrow Thames Thames Chelsea Bromley Hackney Camden Islington Croydon Lambeth Newham Havering Haringey Lewisham Hounslow Hillingdon Southwark Redbridge Greenwich Dagenham and Fulham Barking and Westminster Wandsworth Hammersmith Tower Hamlets Tower Kingston upon Waltham Forest Waltham Kensington and Richmond upon RESEARCH: WELLBEING WELLBEING CALEDONIAN WARD SNAPSHOT
Islington has the second lowest Holloway Road amount of open space of any Local 34% of households Authority in the country Better Gym Holloway meet more than 2 of the 4 Office for National Statistics measures of deprivation Holloway Health Centre Hungerford Primary School The Medical Centre Sacred Heart School Leisure & Play Drovers Day Centre Islington Central An example of a housing development around a Ringcross Community Library shared play area in the Caledonian Estate Centre
Highbury Pool and Gym Caledonian Road Goodinge Community Centre Brecknock Primary Goodinge Group Practice UK Youth School Roman Way H o wl o Rl aoy ad Caledonian Park Medical Centre
Westbourne Community Centre HMP Highbury & Islington Islington Tennis Centre Pentonville
The prison walls and railway cuttings create barriers to movement and poor permeability Robert Blair Primary School Healthy Living Islington Medical Centre Community gardening and growing in raised beds
ork Way W a k r Yo d a o R n a i n o d e l a C Laycock Primary School in Armour Close
Caledonian Road & Barnsbury
Maiden Lane Islington West William Tyndale Youth Club Library Primary School Thornhill Bemerton Primary School Children’s Centre of children 41%deemed to be living in XLP Bemerton St Andrew’s Primary School poverty Estate
Frank Barnes School Civic Pride & Streetscape Cally Pool and Gym Front gardens used as refuse storage along the Caledonian Rd where fly tipping is common Lewis Carrol Copenhagen Youth St Pancras Hospital Children’s Library Project An example of housing around a shared play area in the Front gardens used as refuse storage along the Caledonian Rd where Caledonian Estate fly tipping is common Copenhagen & Carnegie St Day Centre Blessed Sacrament Primary Schools Islington has the highest People’s perceptions assessment including access 45% population density of all local to good food, growing spaces, of pensioners are living alone authorities in England and Wales. of their own health, healthier catering and food Killick Street Practice It also has the lowest ratio of culture in schools. employment status and Pancras Square Leisure open space to built-up areas of King’s Cross / St Pancras Caledonian Ward Boundary relationships mirror Barriers & Walls any London borough. The borough has good access The prison walls and railway cuttings create their sense of wellbeing to public transport including barriers to movement and poor permeability from London: The Information Capital, James Chesire and Of a total of 6,118 households in Oliver Uberti (Particular Books, 2014) local, national and international the Caledonian ward, almost a terminals. quarter have at least one person living with a long-term health However residents still consider The area around the prison problem.1 the things they do in their lives to has poor permeability with be worthwhile, reporting similar walls, railings and cul-de-sacs Islington residents report lower scores to the rest of the country. limiting connections between levels of life satisfaction and neighbouring streets. happiness and higher than Despite higher levels of obesity 1 from Caledonian Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014) average levels of anxiety, when than London averages, Islington 2 compiled by Sustain, the alliance for better food and compared to UK averages from has recently been rated top in farming the Office for National Statistics. ‘Good Food for London’2, an
Health deprivation and disability Public transport accessibility map Air quality map
Most deprived Least deprived Worst Best Most polluted Cleanest
Based on information from the 2015 Index of Based on information from tfl.gov.uk Based on information from londonair.org.uk Multiple Deprivation
Caledonian ward snapshot
Information sourced: Caledonian Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014)
Higher than ...
Not working due Claiming out of Live in council or Meet 2 or more of Overcrowding Residents who Obesity Children aged 5 Qualified to Full time students to long term illness work benefits social rented homes the ONS deprivation smoke achieving good level of degree level or conditions development equivalent Islington & London Averages Employed Employed in Owning or part Households in fuel Homes without Life expectancy Pupils achieving 5 + full time managerial positions owning home poverty central heating (men) A*-C grade GCSE or equivalent Lower than ...
Employment Housing Health Education Islington has the second lowest Holloway Road Holloway Road Islington has the second lowest of households amount of open space ofamount any Local of open space of any Local of households34% Better Gym34% Holloway Authority in the countryAuthority in the country Better Gym Holloway meet more than 2 of themeet 4 Office more than 2 of the 4 Office for National Statistics measuresfor National of Statistics measures of deprivation deprivation Holloway Health Centre Holloway Health Centre Hungerford Primary School Hungerford Primary School The Medical Centre The Medical Centre Sacred Heart School Sacred Heart School Leisure & Play Drovers Day Centre Islington Central Leisure & Play An example of a housing development around a Drovers Day Centre Islington Central An example of a housing development around a Ringcross Community Library shared play area in the Caledonian Estate Ringcross Community Library shared play area in the Caledonian Estate Centre Centre
Highbury Pool and Gym Highbury Pool and Gym Caledonian Road Caledonian Road Goodinge Community Centre Goodinge Community Centre Brecknock Primary Brecknock Primary Goodinge Group Practice Goodinge Group Practice UK Youth UK Youth School School Roman Way Roman Way H o wl o Rl aoy ad Caledonian Park H o wl o Rl aoy ad Caledonian Park Medical Centre Medical Centre
Westbourne Westbourne Community Centre Community CentreHMP HMP Highbury & Islington Highbury & Islington Islington Tennis Centre Islington Tennis Centre Pentonville Pentonville
Robert Blair Primary School Robert Blair Primary School Healthy Living Islington Medical CentreHealthy Living Community gardening and growing in raised beds Islington Medical Centre Community gardening and growing in raised beds ork Way W a k r Yo d a o R n a i n o d e l a C Laycock Primary School in Armour Close ork Way W a k r Yo d a o R n a i n o d e l a C Laycock Primary School in Armour Close
Caledonian Road Caledonian Road & Barnsbury & Barnsbury
Maiden Lane Islington West Islington West William Tyndale Maiden Lane Library William Tyndale Youth Club Youth Club Library Primary School Primary School Thornhill Thornhill Bemerton Bemerton Primary School Primary School Children’s Centre Children’s Centre of children of children 41% XLP Bemerton St Andrew’s 41%deemed to be living in deemed to be living in XLP Bemerton St Andrew’s Estate Primary School Primary School poverty poverty Estate Frank Barnes School Frank Barnes School Civic Pride & StreetscapeCivic Pride & Streetscape Front gardens used as refuse storage along the Cally Pool and Gym Front gardens used as refuse storage along the Cally Pool and Gym Caledonian Rd where fly tipping is common Caledonian Rd where fly tipping is common Lewis CarrolIslington has the secondIslington lowest has the second lowest Holloway Road Holloway Road Lewis Carrol Copenhagen Youth of households of households St Pancras Hospital Children’sCopenhagen Libraryamount Youth of open spaceamount of any of openLocal space of any Local 34% 34% WELLBEING Holloway Road Authority in the countryAuthority in the countryProject Better Gym Holloway Better Gym Hollowaymeet more than 2 ofmeet the more 4 Office than 2 of the 4 Office St Pancras Hospital Islington has the secondChildren’s lowest Library Project CALEDONIAN WARD SNAPSHOTamount of open space of any Local 34% of households for National Statisticsfor Nationalmeasures Statistics of measures of Authority in the country Better Gym Holloway meet more than 2 of the 4 Office deprivation deprivation Holloway Health Centre HollowayCarnegie Health Centre St Day Centre for National Statistics measuresCarnegie ofCopenhagen Hungerford St Day Primary &Centre School Hungerford Primary School Copenhagendeprivation & Holloway Health Centre Blessed Sacrament The Medical Centre The Medical Centre Sacred Heart School Sacred Heart School Hungerford Primary School Blessed Sacrament Leisure & Play Leisure & Play The Medical Centre Primary DroversSchools Day Centre Drovers Day Centre Islington Central Islington Central An example of a housing developmentAn example around of a housing a development around a Ringcross Community Ringcross Community Primary SchoolsSacred Heart School Library Library shared play area in the Caledonianshared Estate play area in the Caledonian Estate Leisure & Play Centre Centre Drovers Day Centre Islington Central An example of a housing development around a Ringcross Community Library shared play area in the Caledonian Estate Highbury Pool and Gym Highbury Pool and Gym Centre Caledonian Road Caledonian Road Goodinge Community CentreGoodinge Community Centre Brecknock PrimaryHighbury Brecknock Pool and PrimaryGym Higher than ... Goodinge Group PracticeGoodinge Group Practice UK Youth 45%UK Youth School Caledonian Road School 45%Roman Way Roman Way of pensioners are living alone Goodinge Community Centre Caledonian Park H o wl o Rl aoy ad H o wl o Rl aoy ad Brecknock Primary Caledonianof pensioners Park Medical Centre areMedical Centreliving alone Goodinge Group Practice UK Youth School Killick Street Practice Roman Way Westbourne Westbourne Not working due Claiming out of CaledonianLive Park in council or KillickMeet 2 Streetor moreH o wl o Rl aoy ad Practice of Overcrowding Residents who Obesity Children aged 5 Qualified to Full time students Medical Centre Community Centre Community Centre to long term illness work benefits social rented homes the ONS deprivation HMP smokeHMP Highbury &achieving Islington Highbury good & Islington level of degree level or Westbourne Islington Tennis Centre PentonvilleIslington Tennis Centre Pentonville Community Centre HMP conditions Highbury & Islington development equivalent Islington & LondonPancras Square Leisure Pancras SquareIslington TennisLeisure Centre Pentonville Robert Blair Primary SchoolRobert Blair Primary School Healthy Living Healthy Living Averages King’s Cross / St Pancras Caledonian Ward Boundary Islington Medical Centre Islington Medical Centre Community gardening and growingCommunity in raised gardening beds and growing in raised beds
ork Way W a k r Yo d a o R n a i n o d e l a C King’s Cross / St Pancras Caledonian Ward Boundary y W a k r Yo d a o R n a i n o d e l a C Laycock Primary School Laycock Primary School in Armour Close in Armour Close Employed EmployedRobert Blairin Primary School Owning or part Households in fuel HomesHealthy without Living Life expectancy Pupils achieving 5 + Barriers & Walls Islington Medical Centre Community gardening and growing in raised beds Barriers & Walls full time managerial positions y W a k r Yo owning d a o R n a home i n o d e l a C poverty Laycock Primary School centralin heatingArmour Close Caledonian Road Caledonian(men) Road A*-C grade GCSE or The prison walls and railway cuttings create & Barnsbury & Barnsbury Theequivalent prison walls and railway cuttings create Caledonian Road barriers to movement and poor permeability & Barnsbury barriers to movement and poor permeability Maiden Lane Maiden Lane Islington West Islington West William Tyndale William Tyndale Lower than ... Youth Club Youth Club Library Library Primary School Primary School Maiden Lane Islington West William Tyndale Thornhill Thornhill Bemerton Bemerton Youth Club Library Primary School Primary School Primary School Thornhill Children’s Centre Children’s Centre Bemerton Primaryof School children of children Children’s Centre 41%deemed to be living41%deemed in to be living in XLP Bemerton XLP Bemerton St Andrew’s St Andrew’s Information sourced: Caledonian of children Estate Estate Primary School Primary School 41% XLP Bemerton St Andrew’spoverty poverty Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014) deemed to be living in Employment Estate HousingPrimary School Health Education poverty Frank Barnes School Frank Barnes School Civic Pride & StreetscapeCivic Pride & Streetscape Frank Barnes School Cally Pool and Gym Cally Pool and Gym Front gardens used as refuse Frontstorage gardens along usedthe as refuse storage along the Civic Pride & Streetscape Caledonian Rd where fly tippingCaledonian is common Rd where fly tipping is common Cally Pool and Gym Lewis Carrol FrontLewis gardens CarrolCopenhagen used as refuse Youth storage alongCopenhagen the Youth Caledonian Rd where fly tipping is common St Pancras Hospital St Pancras HospitalChildren’s Library Children’s LibraryProject Project Lewis Carrol Copenhagen Youth St Pancras Hospital Children’s Library Project Carnegie St Day Centre Copenhagen & Copenhagen & Carnegie St Day Centre Blessed Sacrament Blessed Sacrament Copenhagen & Carnegie St Day Centre Primary Schools Blessed Sacrament Primary Schools Primary Schools 45% 45% 45% of pensioners are livingof pensioners alone are living alone of pensioners are living alone Killick Street Practice Killick Street Practice Killick Street Practice Pancras Square Leisure Pancras Square Leisure Pancras Square Leisure King’s Cross / St Pancras King’s Cross / St Pancras Caledonian Ward BoundaryCaledonian Ward Boundary King’s Cross / St Pancras Caledonian Ward Boundary Barriers & Walls Barriers & Walls Barriers & Walls The prison walls and railway cuttingsThe prison create walls and railway cuttings create The prison walls and railway cuttings create barriers to movement and poorbarriers permeability to movement and poor permeability barriers to movement and poor permeability
Health deprivation and disability map Health deprivation and disability Public transport accessibilityHealth map deprivationHealth and deprivation disability Airand quality disability mapPublicPublic transport transportPublic accessibility transport map accessibility map map Air quality mapAirAir quality quality map map
MostHealth deprived deprivationLeast deprived andWorst disability Most deprivedBestMost deprivedMostLeast polluted deprivedPublicLeast deprived WorsttransportCleanestWorst accessibilityBest mapMostBest polluted Most polluted Cleanest Cleanest Air quality map BasedBased on on information from the from 2015 Indexthe of2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation Based on information from tfl.gov.uk PublicBased on information from transport the 2015 IndexBased of on information fromBased the 2015 on information Index ofaccessibility from londonair.org.uk Based on information mapfrom tfl.gov.ukBasedBased on on information information from tfl.gov.ukfrom tfl.gov.uk Based on information from londonair.org.ukBased on informationAir from londonair.org.ukBased quality on information from londonair.org.uk map Health deprivationMultiple and Deprivation disability Multiple Deprivation Multiple Deprivation
Caledonian ward snapshot Caledonian wardCaledonian snapshot ward snapshot
Information sourced: Caledonian Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014) Information sourced: Caledonian Ward InformationProfile, Islington sourced: Council Caledonian (2014) Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014)
Higher than ... Most deprived Least deprivedHigher than ... Higher than ... Worst Best Most polluted Cleanest Most deprived LeastNot working duedeprived Claiming out of Live in council or Meet 2Worst or more of Overcrowding Residents who Obesity Children aged 5 Qualified to Full time studentsBest Most polluted Cleanest Not working due ClaimingNot working out of due LiveClaiming in council out or of MeetLive 2in or council more ofor OvercrowdingMeet 2 or more of OvercrowdingResidents who ObesityResidents who ChildrenObesity aged 5 ChildrenQualified aged to 5 Full timeQualified students to Full time students to long term illness work benefits social rented homes the ONS deprivation smoke achieving good level of degree level or to long term illness workto long benefits term illnesssocial workrented benefits homes thesocial ONS rented deprivation homes the ONS deprivation smoke smoke achieving good level of achievingdegree good level levelor of degree level or conditions development equivalent Islington & London conditions conditions development developmentequivalent equivalent Based on information from the 2015 Index of Islington & London Based on information from tfl.gov.uk Based on information from londonair.org.uk Based on information from the 2015 Index of Averages Based on information from tfl.gov.ukIslington & London Based on information from londonair.org.uk Multiple Deprivation Averages Averages Multiple Deprivation Employed Employed in Owning or part Households in fuel Homes without Life expectancy Pupils achieving 5 + Employed in OwningEmployed or part in HouseholdsOwning orin fuelpart HomesHouseholds without in fuel Homes withoutLife expectancy Life expectancy Pupils achieving 5 + Pupils achieving 5 + full time managerial positions owning home poverty central heating Employed(men) Employed A*-C grade GCSE or full time managerialfull positions time managerialowning homepositionsequivalent owningpoverty home central povertyheating central heating(men) (men) A*-C grade GCSE or A*-C grade GCSE or equivalent equivalent Lower than ... Lower than ... Lower than ...
Caledonian wardEmployment snapshot Housing Health Education Caledonian ward snapshot Employment Employment Housing Housing Health Health Education Education Information sourced: Caledonian Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014) Information sourced: Caledonian Ward Profile, Islington Council (2014)
Higher than ... Higher than ...
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Employment Employment Housing Housing Health Health Education Education PRECEDENT STUDIES PRECEDENT STUDIES MEMORY JUSTICE
Moritzburg Museum Extension, Germany - Nieto Sobejano Savonnerie Heymans, Brussels - MDW Architecture
Moritzburg Museum is situated floor that housed new exhibition to make the distinction clear. It This social housing project is century house and the postal which act a both a thermal and within a ruined castle. In 2004 spaces. The angular metal was inspired by the original form located on the site of a former relay. A variety of housing is acoustic barrier. The public Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos structure contrasts greatly to the of the building, as the new 25m soap factory. It incorporates provided and integrated with space includes allotments, a extended the building; providing existing stone castle, and this circulation tower sits in the place several historic features such as a range of outdoor spaces chicken coop and an extensive a new roof with a suspended contrast is continued indoors once occupied by the bastion. the 40m high chimney, the 19th including private glass loggias playground.
HMP Kingston, Portsmouth - Fielden Clegg Bradley Studios The Point youth centre, Hampshire - Ayre Chamberlain Gaunt
Kingston prison is grade II listed, consent was granted in 2016 is designed to include a cafe The Point is a community project, creates an external recreation council tax which was matched and was closed in 2013 as part to remodel HMP Kingston and landscaped surroundings developed by the community. area, to be used by the existing by donations. Following this the of the government’s closure of and incorporate several new alongside the housing. It includes two halls, a cafe, community centre and the Point. community were very involved a number of Victorian prisons. buildings to provide a total of a music room and recording The project was funded as a result in defining the brief through Planning and listed building 230 residential units. The scheme studio. Additionally the building of a decision to increase the local workshops and consultations. PRECEDENT STUDIES FURTHER PRECEDENT STUDIIES WELLBEING
‘Inside HMP Reading’, Smithfield building, Granary Square, London - Townshend Landscape Architects Art Angel exhibition Manchester - Urban Splash
Granary square is a significant Therefore it’s accessibility and stands, train tracks and turn tables Big Yard co housing, Iliffe Yard workspace, public square that provides a flexibility is very important. The into the paving, as well as the Berlin - Zanderroth London useful through route for many, as square still retains a distinct addition of 4 banks of fountains Architekten well as regularly hosting events identity by incorporating historic which are flat but encourage lots such as festivals or screenings. features such as original crane of activity in the square.
Landschaftspark Duisburg Nord, Germany - Latz and Partners
We work, workspace De Rokade elderly housing, Shanghai - Netherlands - Arons Linehouse en Gelauff Architecten
1:20,000
The Landschaftspark is a public railway/ sewer systems, as well park through creative additions park that is integrated within a as to connect the ground plane such as climbing walls and disused coal and steel production and the railway park, which sits at slides, as well as by re-purposing plant. Walk ways and water ways a much higher level. Activity has existing spaces such as coal were added to reflect original been deeply embedded into the stores to art galleries. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INITIAL SITE RESPONSE
Iterative designs, regular pin ups and guest reviews informed the development of Unlocking Pentonville. ‘Open up and disrupt the form of the prison 3 Storey Connections buildings by splicing, homes to a central ripping apart, punching, complement public square and creating intentional the preserve the surrounding footprint of perforations’ built scale prison wings Design review with Peg: 23rd March
What is the current demographic of the prison population – how does the proposal specifically respond to East edge of this? the site re- Public square Design review with Ann Griffin: 24th defined with faces on to April lower Caledonian buildings road
In May SWA visited Savonnaire social housing scheme in Brussels: N within a former soap factory it demonstrated one method of working with an existing structure.
INITIAL BRIEF RESPONSE Live/ work typology
Ground Floor Plan 1:1000 Typical Upper Floor Plan 1:1000
Re-using a prison block for residential space
Key Working Living Outdoor space
Typical Floor Plan illustrating two flats comprising of 4 or 5 cells DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DISRUPTING THE FORM OF THE PRISON BUILDINGS SITE WIDE APPROACH TO ADDRESS THE COMMUNITY
youth Overall scheme incorporating centre various types of housing as well as a school, youth centre, co housing community hub and market to address the local society.
older people’s living
market square
school
community hub
work/live units
Sketch elevations exploring perforations to the facade of wing C
Sketch sections developing upon Sketch exploring alternative way Section exploring slicing Wing C, the elevation of preserving part of a prison wing to be used as a school DESIGN STRATEGY
Prison structures The Pentonville prison site New uses while preserving revealed represents a unique opportunity the historical memory to respond to its complex social, I want to see the I want to be able to physical and historical contexts. historic structure remember the history of The objectives presented retained the prison and the inmates here offer a strategy to inform future proposals for the redevelopment.
How can we retain the memory of the prison while altering it to make it useful for the present
and the future? Should Revealing the existing structures the listed buildings be retained and if so, in what form? Opportunities to Housing models to suit people develop skills and jobs Opening up the existing at different stages of life and structures could offer with a range of incomes I want the opportunities to remember and I want to be able to learn from the prison’s history chance to train remember the history of while enabling new life to and work inhabit the buildings. the prison and the inmates
How do we create a new neighbourhood on the site that embeds social justice and equality? Can this help avoid the need for prison in a fairer Creating neighbourhood the future?
Providing fairer housing with value related to income and offering access to education and training could potentially reduce New routes through Open public space crime and re-offending. the site connecting for healthy living and neighbourhoods leisure What opportunities I want an easy I want a fun does the site offer and safe walk to place to play the shops outside for improving the quality of life of local residents?
Increasing local access to health advice and fitness facilities alongside new public spaces green Providing spaces and connected streets could contribute to an increased sense of wellbeing. WHAT NEXT? WHAT NEXT? DESIGN RATIONALE
New 3-storey housing Memorial Cafe and Youth Co-housing GP surgery Housing responds to context garden flower shop centre Vertical garden over live work New public open B key routes space A Housing
Housing over School of the work units creative arts Workshops and makers yard Older people’s living
Retail and maker space Housing with living above B Housing over work units Retained gateway Local radio Workshops and station mast makers yard Community hub A 5-storey urban frontage onto over market hall Older people’s Caledonian Rd living
Retail and maker space Arcade with living above
Urban strategy
Site Section AA 1:1000
existing/ amended
new
Site Section BB 1:1000 Retained & new buildings Network of green spaces WHAT NEXT? DESIGN RATIONALE Adapting the existing buildings
Diversity of housing typologies
WHAT NEXT? DESIGN ANALYSIS Area 3 Area 4
Building use diagram
Key Housing Working/studying Area 1 Area 2 Community use
Building Function Number of Storeys Description per floor Number of Units A Retail/ maker space with living above 5 F0 Maker space with shop front 12 maker spaces F1 - F2 Housing 24 apartments F3 - F4 Older people's housing with roof terraces 20 apartments B Maker space 2 Workshops with external yard 12 units C Community Hub 4 F0 Market hall 1 market hall F1 - F3 Rentable halls and amenities 5 halls D Workspace with living above 5 F0 - F1 Workspace 10 units F2 - F4 Apartments with roof terraces 27 apartments E Housing 5 Apartments with roof terrace 81 apartments F Live/work units 1 4 units G Café/ flower shop 1 1 café H Creative arts school 5 Amenities for 600 students inc. a welding shop, workshops and a gallery I Youth centre 5 Provision for 10 organisations to hire space simultaneously J Co-housing 3 Co-housing with separate 1 storey common house 16 units K GP Surgery 1 1 GP surgery L Housing 2 2 Storey terraced houses 4 houses M Housing 3 3 Storey terraced houses 32 houses
DENSITY ANALYSIS Data taken from: The London Plan, Policy 3.4 Optimising Housing Potential: Table 3.2 Sustainable residential quality (SRQ) density matrix (habitable rooms and dwellings per hectare) London Plan Setting Our Proposal This table compares the Density Targets density of 4 representative PTAL Level 6 Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 areas of the proposal Urban 200 - 700 hr/ha 466 hr/ha 240 hr/ha 486 hr/ha with the London Plan 3.8 - 4.6 hr/unit 45 - 185 u/ha 97 u/ha residential density matrix. 3.1 - 3.7 hr/unit 55 - 225 u/ha 155 u/ha It illustrates that areas 1, 2.7 - 3.0 hr/unit 70 - 260 u/ha 120 u/ha 3 and 4 of the proposal Central 650-1100 hr/ha 1084 hr/ha meet the target for urban 3.8 - 4.6 hr/unit 140 - 290 u/ha density, and area 2 meets 3.1 - 3.7 hr/unit 175 - 355 u/ha 361 u/ha the target for central 2.7 - 3.0 hr/unit 215 - 405 u/ha density. EXHIBITION EXHIBITION PROPOSAL MODEL DEBATES
EQUALITY AND JUSTICE MEMORY
The panel discussed the idea “Pentonville should remain The panel discussed the meaning The legacy is not something of justice that Pentonville of memory, with regards to the represents and how social justice a space where re-offending historical context and issues of that stops, there are still could be embedded in a new continues to be addressed” re-appropriation/memorialising lives being impacted.” Lorraine Gamman Member of the audience at the Memory debate development. Pentonville. spending time purposefully as one. RR in prison; opportunities for • There’s a precedent of • Social media continuously • Pentonville prison is grade rehabilitation are there if you converting prisons to bombards younger people. II listed. The listing notes look for them. LF/ LG luxury hotels, this doesn’t It exposes them, desensitises the physical fabric; the • It was agreed that the site retain the memory of the them, and portrays an image radial plan and the separate should always represent it’s site. In contrast Bayview of what they should be. SG cell system (which enable history, but it should also Correctional facility in NYC • Young people often have surveillance and isolation) as address the locals which has been remodelled to nothing to loose, and there significant features. EG include deprived young accommodate the women’s is a misconception that crime • Memory is different to people, homeless people, rights movement, directly pays. SG/LG Speakers: history/ heritage/ physical and ex prisoners. LF/LG/SG addressing those from the Speakers: • In UK prisons over the past Miranda Critchley, PhD student, UCL fabric, it is about distinctive • Community space should be prison. EG/MC Lorraine Gamman(LG) Director, Design Against year, there has been an Emily Gee, London Planning Director, Historic experiences and responses. designed so that anyone and • Holloway prison closed in Crime Research Centre, Central Saint Martins increase in homicide, suicide England RR/OH everyone can use it. New 2016; ‘reclaim Holloway’ is Steve Griffith, (SG) Director, Copenhagen and self harming. LG Ray Rogers, Architect, Urban Designer and • Sites of conscience are Youth Project housing design shouldn’t Planner calling for housing for the • Drawing from his own create a further divide places to remember LJ Flanders, (LF) Author/Founder, Cell Workout Chaired by: locals, and the legacy for ‘the experience, LJ Flanders between social housing and and preserve memory, Chaired by: Owen Hopkins, Senior Curator of Exhibitions women who lived and died described the difficulty of market housing. Pentonville would be suited Rob Wilson, Architecture Editor, The AJ and Education, Sir John Soane’s Museum there’ to be preserved. MC
WELLBEING
The panel discussed, the “We need to be looking for “Give us a youth space . . . give us meaning of wellbeing in relation to the community and how it can changes to the way land is an entrepreneurial space . . . and affect future developments. dealt, and different types of maybe space for homeless people, client that are not incentived where they can shower, they can • Traditionally institutions or by financial return.”John Long keep clean . . . or for ex-offenders.” hospitals provided care/ custody. Today’s hospices/ more suitable developments. Steve Griffith Maggie centres make a • Today a community is much better contribution to made up of long standing society’s wellbeing. KW members and short term global members. New • Originally Pentonville was an “Memory needs to be an active innovative prison, so today developments need to the site is an opportunity address both. SW process, although memorials and to provide innovative new • A local agenda for issues exhibitions are part of this they such as affordability, city Speakers: community facilities. DF can’t be the only form, we need to wide infrastructure, and , (KW) Writer and Social Historian • Currently London doesn’t see memory as a way of working Ken Worpole tenure of housing needs to , (DF) Community Engagement provide affordable living, this Daisy Froud be set out more clearly, you directly against the repression Strategist is detrimental to individuals can’t consider these factors and state violence that these sites , (JL) Development Director, Igloo wellbeing. DF John Long holistically when designing a Chaired by: • Igloo invests in projects with (prisons) represent.” a social purpose, this creates single project. DF Sarah Wigglesworth, Director SWA Miranda Critchley WORKSHOP PUBLIC PROPOSALS
“It had never occurred to me that there was any option other than for the prison to be sold off to developers . . . The idea that something could be done with the site that might actually benefit the local community was something of a revelation to me.” Caledonian road resident
“I live in Thornhill Crescent and would be very interested in the Co-housing development.
There are a lot of people reaching retirement in the area who would downsize if they didn’t have to leave their neighbourhoods.” Thornhill crescent resident