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Different Soil Salinity Imparts Clear Alteration in Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Dynamics in Rice and Peanut

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Different Soil Salinity Imparts Clear Alteration in Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Dynamics in Rice and Peanut Title: Different Soil Salinity Imparts Clear Alteration in Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Dynamics in Rice and Peanut. Authors: Md Majharul Islam1#, Rajarshi Bhattacharya2#, Biraj Sarkar1, Pulak Kumar Maiti1, Shouvik Mahanty3, Punarbasu Chaudhuri3, Swadesh Ranjan Biswas2, Sukhendu Mandal1* Addresses and Affiliations of the authors: 1Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–700019, INDIA. 2Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum–731235, India 3Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–700019, India #Authors contributed equally *Corresponding Author: Sukhendu Mandal, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–700019, INDIA; Telephone no.: +91 8509141790; Email: [email protected]; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-0982. Supplementary Fig. S1. Pie chart representing the comparative abundance of the most common Phyla of sample PRN (a), PRS (b), RRN (c), RRS (d). 1. Actinobacteria, 2. Acidobacteria, 3. Proteobacteria, 4. Gemmatimonadetes, 5. Firmicutes, 6. Cyanobacteria, 7. Chloroflexi. Supplementary Fig. S2. Pie chart representing the comparative abundance of the most common Classes of sample PRN (a), PRS (b), RRN (c), RRS (d). 1. Actinobacteria, 2. Acidobacteria, 3. Gamma-proteobacteria, 4. Alphaproteobacteria, 5. Gemmatimonadetes, 6. Clostridia, 7. Bacilli, 8. Anaeroliniae, 9. Deltaproteobacteria, 10. Chloroflexia, 11. Thermoleophilia. Supplementary Fig. 6. Distribution of the bacterial families. Circos plot showing the distribution of bacterial communities present in different rhizospeheric soils. Supplementary Table S1: CFU/ml of 1gm rhizospheric soil suspension in sterile 0.9% NaCl solution of various samples. Samples Media used CFU/ml Luria agar 2.6x106 PRN ISP-2 agar 1.5x105 Luria agar 3.5x106 PRS ISP-2 agar 2.1x104 Luria agar 06x106 RRN ISP-2 agar 1.8x104 Luria agar 4.8x106 RRS ISP-2 agar 2.7x104 *CFU/ml of 1gm rhizospheric soil suspension in sterile 0.9% NaCl solution Supplementary Table S2: Relative abundances of phylum OTUs in each rhizospheric sample (OTU values >1% in at least one sample is considered for analysis). Relative abundance of OTUs in samples Phylum PRN PRS RRN RRS Acidobacteria 4.081 2.749 3.118 36.895 Actinobacteria 59.238 48.809 59.725 20.403 Chloroflexi 1.098 22.447 8.334 7.246 Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast 0.202 1.428 0.922 0.058 Firmicutes 4.439 1.532 3.094 2.444 Gemmatimonadetes 4.438 0.087 0.068 1.193 Proteobacteria 21.267 5.534 14.640 9.327 Supplementary Table S3: Relative abundances of class OTUs in each rhizospheric sample (OTU values >1% in at least one sample is considered for analysis). Relative abundance of OTUs in samples Class PRN PRS RRN RRS Acidobacteria 3.233 1.916 1.401 35.996 Actinobacteria 59.018 48.647 58.031 20.312 Thermoleophilia 0.220 0.162 1.694 0.091 Anaerolineae 0.452 19.963 5.596 6.280 Chloroflexia 0.039 0.240 1.224 0.044 Bacilli 2.271 0.135 1.781 1.412 Clostridia 2.054 1.343 1.055 0.992 Gemmatimonadetes 4.438 0.087 0.068 1.193 Alphaproteobacteria 16.262 4.253 8.544 8.048 Betaproteobacteria 1.153 0.381 1.107 0.520 Deltaproteobacteria 1.319 0.735 2.463 0.505 Gammaproteobacteria 2.220 1.729 0.200 0.053 Supplementary Table S4: Relative abundances of family OTUs in each rhizospheric sample (OTU values >1% in at least one sample is considered for analysis). Relative abundance of OTUs in samples Family PRN PRS RRN RRS Acetobacteraceae 1.119 0.232 0.612 0.543 Acidobacteria 2.680 1.795 1.232 28.175 Actinomycetales 16.091 7.948 16.335 9.393 Anaerolineaceae 0.452 19.973 5.597 6.280 Bacillaceae 1.008 0.053 0.630 0.766 Chloroflexi 0.234 1.500 1.108 0.275 Gaiellaceae 4.977 0.631 3.786 1.598 Gemmatimonadaceae 4.438 0.087 0.068 1.193 Micromonosporaceae 2.527 0.572 4.576 1.504 Mycobacteriaceae 2.978 0.438 0.737 0.281 Nocardioidaceae 4.936 33.998 9.884 2.029 Pseudonocardiaceae 17.511 0.776 4.934 1.796 Rhizobiaceae 2.099 0.724 1.430 0.829 Rhodospirillaceae 0.650 0.183 1.489 0.802 Solirubrobacteraceae 0.766 0.145 1.280 0.201 Sphingomonadaceae 9.844 1.180 0.883 2.481 Streptomycetaceae 1.576 1.824 6.983 0.851 Thermoleophilaceae 0.220 0.162 1.694 0.091 Thermomonosporaceae 3.666 0.719 6.062 0.826 Xanthomonadaceae 2.025 0.005 0.123 0.088 Supplementary Table S5: Relative abundances of genus OTUs in each rhizospheric sample (OTU values >1% in at least one sample is considered for analysis). Relative abundance of OTUs in samples Genus PRN PRS RRN RRS Actinocorallia 1.483 0.115 4.701 0.168 Actinomycetales* 2.859 1.433 4.052 1.947 Actinopolysporaceae* 12.905 6.392 10.358 7.332 Aminicenantes* 0.220 0.162 1.694 0.091 Bacteroidetes* 3.763 13.661 7.864 6.886 Bellilinea 0.333 13.351 4.005 4.387 Chloroflexaceae* 0.234 1.499 1.108 0.275 Hydrogenedens* 4.438 0.087 0.068 1.193 Kaistia 1.299 0.164 0.047 0.029 Kibdelosporangium 1.209 0.233 0.908 1.184 Koribacter* 0.507 0.100 0.099 7.452 Longilinea 0.015 3.285 0.480 0.341 Marmoricola 0.840 0.025 2.446 0.305 Methyloceanibacter 0.773 0.537 1.380 0.798 Nakamurella 2.968 0.423 0.703 0.280 Nitriliruptor 4.976 0.631 3.786 1.598 Nocardioides 2.529 16.923 3.078 0.471 Nocardiopsis 0.724 16.390 2.882 0.354 Paludibaculum* 0.751 0.979 0.656 2.887 Pelolinea 0.085 2.620 0.953 1.400 Plantactinospora 1.494 0.335 0.839 0.203 Prauserella 0.299 0.005 1.337 0.136 Pseudonocardiaceae* 15.749 0.078 1.201 0.310 Rhizocola 0.759 0.207 2.897 1.208 Rhodococcus 0.749 0.403 1.199 0.856 Rhodospirillales* 0.576 0.146 1.145 0.776 Solirubrobacterales* 0.766 0.145 1.280 0.201 Sphingomonas 1.711 0.238 0.074 0.175 Sphingopyxis 7.854 0.818 0.798 2.292 Stella 1.088 0.196 0.571 0.516 Streptomycetaceae* 1.560 1.808 6.970 0.848 Telmatobacter* 1.932 0.816 0.577 25.285 Thermoleophilum 0.327 0.123 1.923 0.114 Thermomonospora 1.979 0.504 0.922 0.470 Xanthomonadales* 1.1984 0.002 0.030 Supplementary Table S6: Fold increase of relative abundance of family OTUs of PRN over PRS, PRS over RRS, RRN over RRS and RRS over RRS. Family Relative abundance of OTUs Fold increase PRN PRS RRN RRS PRN/ PRS/P RRN/ RRS/ PRS RN RRS RRN Acetobacteraceae 1.119 0.232 0.612 0.542 4.81 0.21 1.13 0.89 Acidobacteria 2.680 1.795 1.232 28.175 1.49 0.67 0.04 22.87 Actinomycetales 16.090 7.948 16.335 9.393 2.02 0.49 1.74 0.58 Anaerolineaceae 0.452 19.973 5.596 6.279 0.02 44.15 0.89 1.12 Bacillaceae 1.008 0.053 0.630 0.765 18.92 0.05 0.82 1.21 Chloroflexi 0.233 1.499 1.107 0.274 0.16 6.41 4.03 0.25 Gaiellaceae 4.976 0.631 3.786 1.598 7.88 0.13 2.37 0.42 Gemmatimonadaceae 4.438 0.086 0.067 1.193 51.22 0.02 0.06 17.60 Micromonosporaceae 2.527 0.571 4.575 1.503 4.42 0.23 3.04 0.33 Mycobacteriaceae 2.977 0.438 0.737 0.280 6.80 0.15 2.62 0.38 Nocardioidaceae 4.935 33.997 9.883 2.029 0.15 6.89 4.87 0.21 Pseudonocardiaceae 17.511 0.776 4.934 1.796 22.56 0.04 2.75 0.36 Rhizobiaceae 2.098 0.724 1.429 0.828 2.90 0.35 1.72 0.58 Rhodospirillaceae 0.650 0.183 1.488 0.801 3.55 0.28 1.86 0.54 Solirubrobacteraceae 0.765 0.144 1.279 0.200 5.28 0.19 6.37 0.16 Sphingomonadaceae 9.843 1.179 0.883 2.481 8.34 0.12 0.36 2.81 Streptomycetaceae 1.576 1.823 6.982 0.851 0.86 1.16 8.20 0.12 Thermoleophilaceae 0.219 0.161 1.694 0.090 1.36 0.74 18.63 0.05 Thermomonosporaceae 3.666 0.719 6.061 0.826 5.10 0.20 7.34 0.14 Xanthomonadaceae 2.024 0.005 0.122 0.088 387.46 0.002 1.39 0.72 Supplementary Table S7: Fold increase of relative abundance of genus OTUs of PRN over PRS, PRS over RRS, RRN over RRS and RRS over RRS. Family Relative abundance of OTUs Fold increase PRN PRS RRN RRS PRN/ PRS/P RRN/ RRS/ PRS RN RRS RRN Actinocorallia 1.483 0.115 4.701 0.168 12.88 0.08 27.92 0.04 Actinomycetales* 2.858 1.433 4.052 1.946 1.99 0.50 2.08 0.48 Actinopolysporaceae* 12.904 6.392 10.358 7.331 2.02 0.50 1.41 0.71 Aminicenantes* 0.219 0.161 1.694 0.090 1.36 0.74 18.63 0.05 Bacteroidetes* 3.762 13.660 7.863 6.885 0.28 3.63 1.14 0.88 Bellilinea 0.333 13.351 4.004 4.386 0.02 40.06 0.91 1.10 Chloroflexaceae* 0.233 1.499 1.107 0.274 0.16 6.41 4.03 0.25 Hydrogenedens* 4.438 0.086 0.067 1.192 51.22 0.02 0.06 17.60 Kaistia 1.298 0.163 0.047 0.029 7.93 0.13 1.61 0.62 Kibdelosporangium 1.209 0.232 0.907 1.183 5.20 0.19 0.77 1.30 Koribacter* 0.506 0.099 0.099 7.451 5.07 0.20 0.01 74.83 Longilinea 0.014 3.285 0.479 0.341 0.004 220.86 1.41 0.71 Marmoricola 0.839 0.025 2.445 0.305 33.21 0.03 8.01 0.12 Methyloceanibacter 0.773 0.536 1.380 0.797 1.44 0.69 1.73 0.58 Nakamurella 2.968 0.422 0.702 0.279 7.02 0.14 2.51 0.40 Nitriliruptor 4.976 0.631 3.786 1.598 7.88 0.13 2.37 0.42 Nocardioides 2.529 16.923 3.078 0.470 0.15 6.69 6.54 0.15 Nocardiopsis 0.723 16.390 2.882 0.354 0.04 22.65 8.14 0.12 Paludibaculum* 0.751 0.979 0.656 2.887 0.77 1.30 0.23 4.40 Pelolinea 0.084 2.619 0.953 1.399 0.03 30.89 0.68 1.47 Plantactinospora 1.493 0.334 0.838 0.202 4.46 0.22 4.13 0.24 Prauserella 0.299 0.004 1.336 0.135 65.78 0.02 9.86 0.10 Pseudonocardiaceae* 15.748 0.077 1.201 0.310 202.21 0.004 3.87 0.26 Rhizocola 0.759 0.207 2.896 1.207 3.67 0.27 2.40 0.42 Rhodococcus 0.748 0.403 1.198 0.856 1.86 0.54 1.40 0.71 Rhodospirillales* 0.575 0.145 1.144 0.775 3.95 0.25 1.48 0.68 Solirubrobacterales* 0.765 0.144 1.279 0.200 5.28 0.19 6.37 0.16 Sphingomonas 1.711 0.237 0.073 0.174 7.21 0.14 0.42 2.36 Sphingopyxis 7.853 0.817 0.797 2.291 9.60 0.10 0.35 2.87 Stella 1.087 0.195 0.570 0.515 5.55 0.18 1.11 0.90 Streptomycetaceae* 1.560 1.807 6.970 0.847 0.86 1.16 8.22 0.12 Telmatobacter* 1.932 0.815 0.576 25.285 2.37 0.42 0.02 43.85 Thermoleophilum 0.326 0.122 1.923 0.113 2.67
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