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Supreme Court of the United States No. _________ ================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- --------------------------------- STEPHEN V. KOLBE, ET AL., Petitioners, v. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN, JR., GOVERNOR, ET AL., Respondents. --------------------------------- --------------------------------- On Petition For Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Fourth Circuit --------------------------------- --------------------------------- PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI --------------------------------- --------------------------------- JOHN PARKER SWEENEY Counsel of Record T. S KY WOODWARD JAMES WALLACE PORTER, III MARC A. NARDONE BRADLEY ARANT BOULT CUMMINGS LLP 1615 L Street, NW, Suite 1350 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 393-7150 [email protected] Counsel for Petitioners ================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i QUESTION PRESENTED Maryland has banned arms that are in common use for self-defense, including the most popular semi- automatic rifles and detachable ammunition maga- zines exceeding ten rounds. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit upheld the ban, claim- ing to discern in District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008), the command to exclude these arms from Second Amendment protection by applying a test with- out any limiting standards: whether the banned arms are “ ‘like’ ‘M-16 rifles’ – ‘weapons that are most useful in military service.’ ” App.12. “This Court has held that: ‘the Second Amend- ment extends, prima facie, to all instruments that con- stitute bearable arms,’ ” Caetano v. Massachusetts, 136 S. Ct. 1027, 1027 (2016) (per curiam) (quoting Heller, 554 U.S. at 582); the Second Amendment protects arms “in common use,” arms that are “typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes,” Heller, 554 U.S at 624-25; and a ban is “off the table” because the Second Amendment “elevates above all other interests the right of law-abiding, responsible citizens to use arms in defense of hearth and home.” Id. at 635-36. The question presented is whether Heller excludes the most popular semiautomatic rifles and magazines from Second Amendment protection and whether they may be banned even though they are typically pos- sessed for lawful purposes, including self-defense in the home. ii PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDINGS Petitioners Stephen V. Kolbe; Andrew C. Turner; Wink’s Sporting Goods, Inc.; Atlantic Guns, Inc.; Asso- ciated Gun Clubs of Baltimore, Inc.; Maryland Shall Issue, Inc.; Maryland State Rifle and Pistol Associa- tion, Inc.; National Shooting Sports Foundation, Inc.; and Maryland Licensed Firearms Dealers Association, Inc. were plaintiffs-appellants below. Respondents Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr.; At- torney General Brian E. Frosh; Superintendent of the Maryland State Police William Pallozzi; and Maryland State Police were defendants-appellees below. Under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 43(b)(2), Governor Hogan was substituted for the previous Governor, Mar- tin O’Malley; Attorney General Frosh was substituted for the previous Attorney General, Douglas Gansler; and Superintendent Pallozzi was substituted for the previous Superintendent, Marcus Brown. CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Wink’s Sporting Goods, Inc.; Atlantic Guns, Inc.; Associated Gun Clubs of Baltimore, Inc.; Maryland Shall Issue, Inc.; Maryland State Rifle and Pistol Asso- ciation, Inc.; National Shooting Sports Foundation, Inc.; and Maryland Licensed Firearms Dealers Associ- ation, Inc. are not publicly held entities. None of these entities has a parent corporation, and no publicly held company owns 10% or more of any of these entities’ stock. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTION PRESENTED................................... i PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDINGS ................... ii CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ...... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................... iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................. v OPINIONS BELOW ............................................. 1 JURISDICTION ................................................... 1 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS ................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 2 STATEMENT OF THE CASE.............................. 5 I. The Parties ................................................ 5 II. Arms Banned by Maryland ....................... 7 III. Proceedings Below ..................................... 10 REASONS FOR GRANTING THE PETITION .... 14 I. The Fourth Circuit’s “like M-16s” test is an outlier permitting infringement of the core Second Amendment right .................. 14 II. This Court’s review is necessary to protect the core right of self-defense from evisceration ................................................ 21 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued Page III. The Fourth Circuit’s “like M-16s” test continues the lower courts’ divergence from Heller and further fragments the Courts of Appeals into three irreconcilable paths .......................................................... 26 IV. The Fourth Circuit’s alternate decision applying intermediate scrutiny solidifies the Courts of Appeals’ conflict with both Heller and this Court’s fundamental rights jurisprudence .................................. 31 CONCLUSION ..................................................... 37 APPENDIX United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, En Banc Opinion, February 21, 2017 .... App. 1 United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Panel Opinion, February 4, 2016 ... App. 110 United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Amended Memorandum, August 22, 2014 ........................................................ App. 195 United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Order, March 4, 2016 ...................... App. 261 Md. Code Ann., Crim. L. § 4-301 (2014) .......... App. 265 Md. Code Ann., Crim. L. § 4-302 (2014) .......... App. 268 Md. Code Ann., Crim. L. § 4-303 (2014) .......... App. 270 Md. Code Ann., Crim. L. § 4-305 (2014) ........... App. 272 Md. Code Ann., Pub. Saf. § 5-101 (2013) ......... App. 273 v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page CASES Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144 (1970) ....... 26 Caetano v. Massachusetts, 136 S. Ct. 1027 (2016) ............................................................... passim Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 447 U.S. 317 (1986) .............. 26 Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Serv. Comm’n of N.Y., 447 U.S. 557 (1980) ...................... 34 City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc., 535 U.S. 425 (2002) .................................................. 34, 36 City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986) .......................................................... 35 Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence, 468 U.S. 288 (1984) ................................................. 34 District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008) ............................................................... passim Duncan v. Becerra, ___ F. Supp. 3d ___, No. 3:17- cv-1017-BEN, 2017 WL 2813727 (S.D. Cal. June 29, 2017) ....................................... 19, 28, 30, 31 Friedman v. City of Highland Park, 784 F.3d 406 (7th Cir. 2015) ................................................ 3, 28, 29 Fyock v. Sunnyvale, 779 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2015) ............................................................ 27, 29, 31 Heller v. District of Columbia, 670 F.3d 1244 (D.C. Cir. 2011) ...................................... 27, 29, 32, 37 Hudson v. Michigan, 547 U.S. 586 (2006) .................. 25 vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – Continued Page Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525 (2001) ....................................................................... 35 Massachusetts v. Caetano, 470 Mass. 774 (2015) ....... 22 McCullen v. Coakley, 134 S. Ct. 2518 (2014) .............. 36 McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) ............................................................... passim New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Cuomo, 804 F.3d 242 (2d Cir. 2015) ..................... 4, 27, 29, 30 Obergefell v. Hodges, 135 S. Ct. 2584 (2015) ........ 21, 23 Reed v. Town of Gilbert, 135 S. Ct. 2218 (2015) ......... 34 Santa Monica Nativity Scenes Comm. v. City of Santa Monica, 784 F.3d 1286 (9th Cir. 2015) .......... 35 Staples v. United States, 511 U.S. 600 (1994) ...... 16, 18 United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984) ................ 25 United States v. Masciandaro, 638 F.3d 458 (4th Cir. 2011) ........................................................... 23, 24 United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) ............................................... 15, 17, 21, 27, 30 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS U.S. Const., Amend. II ........................................ passim U.S. Const., Amend. XIV ......................................... 1, 22 STATUTES, RULES AND REGULATIONS 28 U.S.C. § 1254(1) ........................................................ 1 vii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – Continued Page 28 U.S.C. § 1331 .......................................................... 10 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3) ...................................................... 10 28 U.S.C. § 2201 .......................................................... 10 28 U.S.C. § 2202 .......................................................... 10 42 U.S.C. § 1983 .......................................................... 11 42 U.S.C. § 1988 .........................................................
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