Durham E-Theses A study of the settlements to the north of the vale of Pickering Musto, Naomi Muriel How to cite: Musto, Naomi Muriel (1962) A study of the settlements to the north of the vale of Pickering, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9356/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk AnStudy of the Settlements to the Kbrth of the Vale of Pickering: Submitted for the degree of Master of Letters of the University of Durham by N.M.Musto B.A.(Bristol) Abstract The north of the Vale of Pickering, divides into two obvious regions. In the west, the Vale floor is undulating, and there is no clear break at the beginning of the higher land, while in the east the Vale floor is flat and ends abruptly with a marked rise to the dip slope of the Tabular Hills. In cultural landscape, these two also differ. The west has small fields, narrow lanes, well wooded hedgerows and scattered villages and townships of dispersed farms, while the east, has larger and more uniform fields, fewer and lower hedges, more ditches, wider and straighter lanes and "street villages" at the junction of the Vale and the higher land. Physically the eastern and western divisions differ; the west is the dissected valley of the proto-Bye cut into the Kimmeridge clay floor which was flooded for a short time during and after the Pleistocene gAaeiation. The east was the estuary of the proto-Bye and Hertford, covered by the ice sheet and a lake for a much longer period of time. Historically, the west, was divided into compact townships, was more affected by the establishment of monastic granges and was enclosed earlier. The east was divided into elongated townships, the number of these decreased during the Middle ages} the area was poorly drained until collective schemes were carried out, and most of it was enclosed by Parliamentary enclosure. The farming figures for the 1801 crop returns, the Tithe Awards, and, from 1867, the ten yearly June 4th Agricultural Returns show the variety and change in the crops grown with ohanging economio conditions. The real physical divisions into Byedale, Marishes, Carrs, Ings and backslope of the Tabular Hills do not show clearly when the agriculture is studied on a township basis as a variety of conditions is included within the townships of the east but distinotion can be made between the east and west of the Vale. V A STUDY OF THE SETTLEMENTS TO THE NORTH OF THE VALE OF PICKERING Volume One: Text by Naomi Muriel Musto B.A. (Bristol) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Letters, The University of Durham, November, 1962. Contents Volume One Text Page Introduction Chapter One: The Physical Setting 5 Chapter Two: The Distribution and Origin of the 35 Settlements Chapter Three: The Effect of the Monasteries and the 48 Duchy of Lancaster Estate Chapter Four: The Disappearance of some Villages 62 Chapter Five: The Effect of Enclosure of the Scenery 70 Chapter Six: The Effect of Drainage of the area 83 Chapter Seven: Farming in the early Nineteenth Century 95 Chapter Eight: Farming at the time of the Tithe Commutation 114 Act Chapter Nine Farming in the Second half of the Nineteenth 126 Century Chapter Ten: Farming in the First half of the 1*9 Twentieth Century Chapter Eleven: Conclusion 377 Appendices 1. Extracts from the Wool Directory in Florence, 1315 183 2. List of Deserted Mediaeval Villages in the North 184 of the Vale of Pickering 3. References to the Field Names in the early Glebe 185 Terriers 4. Enclosed Material 186 5. Land Drainage in the Hutton Bushel Award 1797 188 6. 1801 Crop Returns for the North of the Vale of 189 Pickering 7. Method of working out Crop Combination Regions 190 8. Size of Farms from the Tithe Award Survey 191 9. Price of Wheat from 1801-1935 192 10. Size and number of holdings from the June Returns 193 11. Output and Gross profit for Cash Crops 199 12. Consolidated list of Reference Material 200 Volume Two Maps and Diagrams Figure 1 Relief 1 Figure 2 Geological Structure 2 Figure 3 The Glaciers and Glacial Lakes of 3 Cleveland Area Figure 4 Lake Pickering: Immediate Post-GlacialTimes T.:. f "r- -7V500B.C. ;, 2,GO0B.C. Figure 5 Photographs of the Gravel Deposits 4 Figure 6 Generalised Contours 5 Figure.7 Drainage Pattern 6 Figure 8 Soil and Crop Transetts: Key and Position 7 of Transects Figure 9 Spiker's Hill to Darrell*s Low Farm, 8 West Ay ton Figure 10 Great Moor Road to Ings Farm, Hutton 8 Bushel Figure 11 High Brow, Wykeham to New Ings, Hutton 9 Bushel Figure 12 Granary Farm, Sawdon#to Brompton Bridge 9 Figure 13 Cockmoor Hall to Foulbridge Farm, SnaintonlO Figure 14 High Scamridge Farm, Ebberston to 10 Yedingham Figure 15 Warren House, Allerston to Yedingham 11 Figure 16 Wilton 11 Figure 17 Fox and Rabbit, Lockton to Summertree 12 Bridge, Thornton Dale Figure 18 Yatt's Road, Newton to Howe Bridge, 12 Pickering Marishes Figure 19 Jenny Bradley to Westgate Carr, Pickering 13 Figure 20 Cawthorne to Wrelton and Aislaby Carr Lane 13 Figure 21 Sinnington to Newsham Bridge, Little Habton 14 Figure 22 Oldfield Lane, Spaunton to Little Edstone 14 Figure 23 Hutton le Hole to Great Barugh 15 Figure 24 Kirk Howe, Gillamoor to South Ings Farm, 15 Kirby Moorslde Figure 25 Fadmoor by Starfitts lane to Muscoates 16 Figure 26 Wethercote Farm, Skiplam to River Rye 16 Figure 27 Pasture House, Nawton to Common Lane, Harome 17 Figure 28 North of Ox Close Farm, Pockley to Harome 17 Siding Figure 29 Cowhouse Bank Top, Carlton to Harome 18 Figure 30 Four Lane Ends, Pickering to Great Habton 18 Figure 31 Soil Map 19 Figure 32 Settlement Pattern 20 Figure 33 Altitudinal Extent of Nucleated Settlements 20 Figure 34 Township Boundaries in Nineteenth Century 21 Figure 35 Earliest Parish Boundaries 21 Figure 36 Monastic Houses and Holdings 22 Figure 37 Castles 22 Figure 38 Deserted Mediaeval Villages 23 Figure 39 Open Fields and Ancient Enclosures of 24 Snainton and Brompton Figure 40 Snainton and Brompton after Enclosure 24 Figure 41 Enclosure of Pickering 1790 '' 25 Figure 42 Proportion of Arable Lane in 1801 .' 26 Figure 43 Main Crops in 1801 26 Figure 44 Crop Regions from 1801 Crop Returns 27 Figure 45 First Ranking Crop in 1801 27 Figure 46 Second Ranking Crop in 1801 27 Figure 47 Third Ranking Crop in 1801 27 Figure 48 Land Utilisation from the Tithe Award Maps 28 Figure 49 Kirby Misperton and part of Ryton; Land 29 Use 1845 Figure 50 Appleton le Moors; Land Use 1847 29 Figure 51 Great and Little Habton; Land Use 1847 29 Figure 52 Pickering; Land Use 1847 30 Figure 53 Manor of Hutton Bushel; Sale Map 1838 31 Figure 54 Land Use Proportions in 1867 32 Figure 55 Main Crops in 1867 32 Figure 56 Land Use Proportions in 1877 33 Figure 57 Main Crops in 1877 33 Figure 58 Land Use Proportions in 1887 34 Figure 59 Main Crops in 1887 34 Figure 60 Land Use Proportions in 1897 35 Figure 61 Main Crops in 1897 35 Figure 62 Land Use Proportions in 1907 36 Figure 63 Main Crops in 1907 36 Figure 64 Land Use Proportions in 1917 37 Figure 65 Main Crops in 1917 37 Figure 66 Land Use Proportions in 1927 38 Figure 67 Main Crops in 1927 38 Figure 68 Land Use Proportions in 1937 39 Figure 69 Main Crops in 1937 39 Figure 70 Land Use Proportions in 1947 40 Figure 71 Main Crops in 1947 40 Figure 72 Graphs of Land Use Proportions 1867-1947 41 & 42 Figure 73 Graphs of Proportion of Arable under Main Crops 1867-1947 43 & 44 Figure 74 Cattle per 100 Acres 1867-1917 45 Figure 75 Cattle per 100 Acres 1927-47 46 Figure 76 Sheep per 100 Acres 1867-1917 47 Figure 77 Sheep per 100 Acres 1927-47 48 Figure 78 Crop Regions from the June Agricultural 49 Returns 1867-1917 Figure 79 Crop Regions from June Agricultural Returns 50 1927-47 Figure 80 Graphs of Population 1801-1951 51 & 52 Figure 81 Land Utilisation for 1961 for Normanby 53 and Hutton Bushel Figure 82 Subdivisions of the North of the Vale of 54 Pickering Figure 83 North Yorks Moors National Park 54 1 Introduction The Vale of Pickering, a lowland area below 200 feet O.D., lies to the foiest of Scarborough and extends some 40 miles from east to west, and about 4 to 8 miles from north to south. The area, when studied on any small scale map is well defined, as its ends are closed in the west by the Howardian Hills, and in the east by the morainic hills of the coast.