1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7575 By Mr. ELLSWORTH: are inspired by the thought of those voting that are presented by the laws of H. Res. 698. Resolution to authorize the whose lips were fragrant with prayer, many of our States. The committee Com m it tee on Interior and Insular Affairs to con duct an investigation of the Bureau of whose eyes were radiant with hope, recommended prompt remedial action by Indian Affairs; to the Committee on Rules. whose hearts were strong with courage, these States and special Federal action and whose minds were like lighted tern· for this year only to aid service men and ples. 0 God, to us may strength be women from States that fail to take PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS given to follow in their train. We ask action to improve their laws before Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private it in the Redeemer's name. Amen. November. bills and resolutions were introduced In a letter to me on April 30, which I transmitted to the Senate Committee on and severally referred az follows: THE JOURNAL Rules and Administration, the Secretary By Mr. ALLEN of California (by of Defense described the efforts he was request): On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, H. R. 8283. A bill for the relief of Lloyd D. and by unanimous consent, the reading making to encourage the States with in Bernard; to the Committee on Armed of the Journal of the proceedings of adequate legislation to improve their Services. Wednesday, June 18, 1952, was dispensed laws, but concluded that since the rna- · H. R. 8284. A bill for the relief of Ezra H. with. jority of the States in this category would Y. Eliahou; to the Committee on the not convene their legislatures in 1952 the Judiciary. prospects for further State action this By Mr. COLE of Kansas: MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT year was not bright. I notice that the H. R. 8285. A bill for the relief of Mrs. APPROVAL OF BILL report of the Senate Committee on Rules Laura J. McClure; to the Committee on the Messages in writing from the President and Administration on S. 3061 comes to Judiciary. By Mr. DONOVAN: of the United States were communicated the same conclusion and urges Federal H. R. R. 8286. A bill for the relief of Angelo to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his action to rectify the situation. The Sen Staffani; to the Committee on the Judiciary. secretaries, and he announced that on ate committee report :finds that service· By Mr. FARRINGTON: June 18, 1952, the President had ap· men's voting laws are inadequate in at H . R. 8287. A bill for the relief of Mrs. proved and signed the act Illinois Bankers Associa er with regard to the bill to which the without debate. tion, at Chicago, Dl., relating to the preser The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob vation of a dual banking system, and so_ . President's letter refers will be found on jection, it is so ordered. page 7529 Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD forth; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. of June 18, 1952. A resolution adopted by "DOBRUS" (Dem Mr. GREEN. Mr. President, I had in EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ocratic organization of Ukrainians formerly tended to make the same statement. ETC. persecuted by the Soviet Government), of The majority leader has assured me that· New York, N. Y., favoring the approval of my bill, which has been recommended The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the the Genocide Treaty; to the Committee on for favorable action and is on the cal Senate the following letters, which were Foreign Relations. endar, would probably be brought up referred as indicate~: A telegram in the nature of a petition from REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE . the Democratic State Committee of Puerto tomorrow. Rico, San Juan, P. R., signed by Orlando J. A letter from the Attorney General of the Antonsanti, acting chairman, and Jose A. United States, transmitting, pursuant to Benitez, secretary, praying for the approval EXPRESSION OF APPRECIATION BY law, a report on the activities of the Depart AUSTRALIAN SENATE . of the Puerto Rican Constitution; ordered ment of Justice for the fiscal year ended to lie on the table. · The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the June 30, 1951 (with an accompanying re Senate a communication from the As port) ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. sistant Secretary of State, transmitting CONSTRUCTION OF TwO SURVEYING SHIPS FOB THE DEFENSE BUDGET-STATE a copy of a letter to the United States COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY MENT FROM THE Affi FORCE AS· Ambassador to Australia by the presi A letter from the Secretary of Commerce, transmitting a draft of proposed legislation SOCIATION dent of the Australian Senate, expressing to authorize the construction of two sur Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I pre appreciation of the resolutions adopted veying ships for the Coast and GeOdetic Sur sent for appropriate reference, and ask by the United States Senate on the death vey, Department of Commerce, and for other unanimous consent to have printed in o~ His Majesty King George VI •. which, purposes (with accompanying papers); to the REcoRD, a statement on the defense with the accompanying paper, was or the Committee on Interstate and Foreign dered to be printed in the RECORD and Commerce. budget from the Air Force Association to the Members of the Senate. It is to lie on the t&ble, as follows: PROCESSING TAX ON COCONUT OIL-LETTER signed by Harold C. Stuart, president of STATE DEPARTMENT, FROM PRESIDENT OF PHILIPPINE CHAMBER OF Washington, June 13, 1952. COMMERCE the Air Force Association, and L.A. Lar The VICE PREsiDENT, A letter from the Assistant Secretary of son, commander, State of Wisconsin. United States Senate. State, transmitting, pursuant to the request There being no objection, the state MY DEAR MR. VICE PRESIDENT: I am enclos of the Ambassador of the Philippines, a letter ment was referred to the Committee on ing a copy of a letter sent to Ambassador from the president of the Chamber of Com Armed Services, and ordered to be Pete Jarman by the president of the Aus merce of the Philippines relating to the elim-· printed in the RECORD, as follows: tralian Senate, reporting a resolution passed !nation of the 3 cents processing tax on coco A STATEMENT ON THE DEFENSE BUDGET FROM by the senate expressing appreciation of the nut oil (with accompanying papers); to the THE Am FORCE AssOCIATION TO MEMBERS OF resolutions passed by the United States Sen Committee on Finance. THE UNITED STATES SENATE ate on the death of His Majesty King George VI. Within a few days you will be called upon Sincerely yours, to engage the enemy in a battle for command PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS of the air, just as surely as if you were pilot JACK K. McFALL, Petitions, etc., were laid before the ing an F-86 over MIG Alley. Assistant Secretary. Senate and referred as indicated: I refer, of course, to the forthcoming vote (Enclosure: Copy of letter from president, 1n the Senate on the defense budget for the Australian Senate.) By the VICE PRESIDENT: A telegram in the nature of a petition 1953 fiscal year, and particularly the air from the Erie County Board of Supervisors, power portions of the budget. PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, Buffalo, N. Y., signed by Jean A. Martin, WHERE COMMAND OF THE Am BEGINS Canberra, Australia, May 21, 1952. clerkT praying for the enactment of the bill As Gen. Carl A. Spaatz, then our chairman His Excellency Mr. PETE JARMAN, (H. R. 7800) to amend title II of the Social of the board, stated more than a year ago in Ambassador of the United States of Security Act to increase old-age and survivors Air Force magazine, "the battle for command America. insurance benefits, to preserve insurance of the air begins not over the battlefield but YoUR EXCELLENCY: I have the honor to ad rights of permanently and totally disabled in the White House, in Congress, in the Vise that when the Senate of the Common individuals, and to increase the amount of press, on the drawing boards, and on the wealth of Australia met this day I informed earnings permitted without loss of benefits, production lines." members of the resolution passed by the and for other purposes; to the Committee on Since that time the administration has Senate of the United States on February 6, Finance. seen fit to postpo~e the readiness date for 1952, in connection with the death of His The petition of E. H. Bumhour, o! Chicago, the Air Force program from 12 to 18 man ths Majesty King George VI. Dl., praying for the adoption of Senate Reso beyond the critical target date of July 1, The following resolution was thereupon lutions 41 and 105, relating to amendment 1954, recommended by the Joint Chiefs of passed by the senate: of the cloture rule; to the Committee on Staff. The House of R~presentatives has "That the Senate of the Commonwealth Rules and Administration. stretched out our airpower capability even . of Australia.thanks the Senate of the United The petition of E. H. Bumhour, of Chi further, to late 1957. Activity on the draw States most sincerely for its resolution of cago, Dl., praying for the elimination of the ing boards and production lines has been February 6, 1952, relating to the death of His so-called Dirksen, Fulbright, Robertson, and deliberately retarded. Ow; citizens have be Majesty King George VI, and records its ap Bricker amendmellts to the blll (S. 2594) to come confused over tb.e increasing gap be preciation of the feelings of sorrow and extend the provisions of the Defense Produc tween the airpower 'strength of Russia and sympathy to which the resolution gives tion Act of 1950, as amended, and the Hous the free world. expression." ing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended; or I shall be glad if you will arrange !or the dered to lie on the table. THIS BUDGET IS THE -TURNING POINT terms o! this resolution to be conveyed to A letter from the Governor o! the State The 1953 defense budget, as Air Secretary the Senate of the United States. of Montana, transmitting a copy of House Finletter recently put it, "is the turning 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7577 point in the decision as to whether we will As for building the world's best air had no meaning. You, Mr. Senator, must have the kind of an Air Force that can deter force, we must ·not delude ourselves with .hold the line. Only you can make it possi mine whether we will have war or not have the belief that we are necessarily ahead o! ble to return to the Joint Chiefs of Staff war." the enemy in the race for qualitative su original estimate of'the situation (which has The Air Force Association took exception periority. The MIG-15, at least as good as never been refuted) that 143 modern wings to this defense budget at a time when it was our best operational intercepter, is merely . (126 combat plus 17 transport wings) must decidedly unpopular to do so, when we were an indication of what Russia can do in be in being by July 1, 1954; that anything a voice in .the wilderness crying against the quality of weapons-and she now has better less would be hazardous to the Nation's se airpower stretch-out as "a shabby ·excuse for and faster planes in production. · curity. programing the Nation's military require At present our Air Force is sadly lacking The Senate is being asked to consider an ment beyond the critical security date while in modern planes. General Twining, before Air Force budget for fiscal year 1953 which, m aintaining a business-as-usual civilian your Appropriations Committee, explained accordi~g to the administratbn, should economy and assuring a politics-as-usual that "the large-scale production of jet-pro total $20,700,000,000, and which would de election year." pelled aircraft, with speeds approaching and liver the air power desired by late 1955 or Since then the arguments advanced to exceeding that of sound, has rendered obso early 1956. The Senate also is considering support the stretch-out have fallen by the lete or obsolescent all comparable piston a budget of $19,200,000,000, approved by the wayside, one by one. The evidence is avail driven combat aircraft." And he added that House, which would deliver this air power able to you in statements made before your the Air Force inventory of combat aircraft late in 1957. The Senate should provide, Appropriations and Armed Services Com is made up of planes "of which nearly three we submit, funds for a budget which would mitt ees, and particularly your Preparedness quarters still consist of World War II deliver 143 modern wings by July 1, 1954, Investigating Subcommittee; and yet anum piston-driven types." Thus, only one ·fourth a budget which, it is estimated, would cost ber of misconceptions continue to prevail of the aircraft in today's Air Force can be about $25,500,000,000, and which should in regarding our airpower capability. classed as modern. clude, as a priority item, $725,000,000 for Air You have been told, for example, that the Force research and development. ONLY 2 5 MODERN WINGS Air Force has nearly 15,000 planes in active WE NEED SENATE LEADERSHIP use, as if this indicated an adequate air This, in ' itself, answers another claim; power build-up. The important question, of namely, that the 95-win;; Air Force, author It will be argued, of course, that we have course, is how does the strength of our Air ized in 1950, will be achieved this summer lost so much time due to stretch-out that Force compare with that of Russia? Your virtually on schedule. The 95-wing pro the July 1, 1954 date, under limited mobili Appropriations Committee received the an gram, it must be remembered, called for zation, is impossible of achievement. The swer recently from Gen. Nathan F. Twining, modern aircraft in all units. Under that stretch-out, however, is based on an it-can't Lcting Chief of Staff of the Air Force. The program, 80 wings were to have been com• be-done philosophy. As an organization, we Soviet Union, he said, has "about 20,000 air bat types. From General Twining's state are in close touch_ with, both the _- military craft in organized air units and an equal ment it can be concluded that at present and the industry. We think it can be number in the back-up and various other we have an Air Force of less than 25 modern ~one-that 143 modern wings by July 1, forms of reserve." com;;at wings. And still we stretch out our 1954, can be achieved-without full mo airpower capability. bilization-if the Nation is given the neces RUSSIA'S AIR SUPERIORITY sary leadership. The key to "the world's best air force" is Then General Twining made a point which We ask the Senate to assume that posi illustrates how misleading that 15,000-plane to be found in its research and development tion of leadership anq, in so doing, alert figure (which includes thousands of non · program. The record shows that Congress cur military, our industry, and our people combat types) can be. "The figure to keep hasn't cut, in recent years, the military's to the extent that, as a Nation, we become in mind," he said, "is the number of air request for airpower research and develop fully aware of the threat which Communist craft in organized combat air units; for ment funds. However, serious cuts have aggression has imposed upon us. that is a measure of immediate combat po occurred before the requests reached Con HAROLD C. STUART, tential. Almost all of the 20,000 aircraft in gress, at the Department of Defense level. President, Air Force Association. the Soviet Union's organized air units are THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CUTBACK L. A. LARSON, land-based combat aircraft. This is twice The Air Force, for example, requested some Commander, State of Wisconsin. as m any combat aircraft as are presently $725,000,000 in research and development JUNE 13, 1952. !n organized combat units of the United funds for the 1953 fiscal year, and made States Air Force and naval aviation com-· strong pleas to the Research and Develop bined. Compared to the sizable reserves of ment Board of the Department of Defense REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Soviet aircraft, the United States Air Force that it grant the Air Force this money . . In has virt ually none." stead, the Board arbitrarily cut the request to The following reports of committees You have been told, "We are trying to $580,000,000. It was subsequently reduced to were submitted: build the world's best air force, not the big $525,000,000, which amount the Senate is By Mr. MAGNUSON, from the Committee gest." If this is an effort to justify the now considering. Despite the truly "fantas on Interstate and Foreign Commerce: fact that Russia's MIG-15's outnumber our tic" weapons in the offing, Air Force research H . R. 6500. A bill to amend the joint res F-86's by about. a 6-to-1 margin in· Korea, the and development is being handicapped by olution of ·August 8, 1946, as amended, with American airmen over MIG alley cannot ap this cut-back in funds. respect to appropriations authorized for the preciat e this reasoning. They know that We ask that the Senate consider the funds conduct of investigations and studies there the Reds can take air supremacy away from proposed for the Air Force in terms of mod under; without amendment (Rept. No. 1793). them almost at their leisure. They know ern air weapons on hand to control world By Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina, from that our 8-to-1 superiority in air combat balance of power. It seems clear to us that the Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv to date-also cited to help ·justify the air without this balance in our favor the free ice: power stretch-out--is hardly a realistic ba world is subject to blackmail of the worst S. 2459. A bill to equitably adjust the rometer of relative air strength in the Ko sort, and possibly surprise atomic attack. rean war. The Soviet Union is committing salaries of auditors at central accounting to combat only a portion of its vast jet The airpower stretch-out already has taken post offices; with an amendment (Rept. No. armada in the Far East and is using MIG its toll. It has slowed the pace of aircraft 1797). alley as a training area, probably for future production below the industry's capability. By Mr. UNDERWOOD, from the Commit conflicts. It has retarded vital research and develop tee on Post Office and Civil Service: ment programs. It has weakened the air A MOST DANGEROUS CONCEPT S. 3072. A bill to extend the 1lf2 cents per craft industry's subcontracting program, and pound second-class mailing rate to publica But more important than our position thereby weakened the industry's production tions of certain alumni associations; with in Korea is this theory that we do not have base. It has increased the unit cost of air out amendment (Rept. No. 1798); to match the Soviet Union in numbers of weapons. (Due solely to the stretch-out, for H. R. 7758. A bill to revise certain laws re modern aircraft. This is a most dangerous example, the unit cost of the B-36 already lating to the mail-messenger service; with concept to be promulgated upon the public. has been increased by some $160,000.) It out amendment (Rept. No. 1799); and General Spaatz has said that in counting our has proved beyond question of doubt that a air-power needs the United States has but H. R. 7877. A bill to amend section 1699 of stretch-out of production schedules breeds title 18 of the United States Code, relating one alternative: "We must outmatch Russia further stretch-outs. in numbers of modern planes, and must build to the unloading of mail from vessels; with aircraft toward that goal." ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY -THREE WINGS BY out amendment (RE}pt. No. 1794). There is no valid reason why the United JULY 1, 1954 By Mr. LONG, from the Committee on States, in its position of world leadership, The issue, as we see it, is one of integrity. Armed Services: should be outnumbered in the air by the The slippage we hear so much about is too H. R. 5426. A bill relating to the reserve Soviet Union. At this critical juncture in often a state of mind. We have bypassed components of the Armed Forces of the our history, you are being called upon to target dates for security, and subsequently United States; with an amendment (Rept. rectify this situation. delivery dates for military goods as if they No. 1795). .7578 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 19 By Mr. STENNIS, from the Committee on The bill communism. Bills and a joint resolution were intro States through which the road shall pass. Electric power has a vital role to play duced, read the first time, and, by unani in keeping America strong and helping to That legislation marked the first rec shape that future. The reason is all around mous consent, the second time, and re ognition of the industry which now em us. It is thus of direct concern to every ferred as follows: ploys 5,500,000 men and women. The American to see that the development of By Mr. FERGUSON: trucking industry now moves, all or part electric power not only continues unfalter S. 3360. A bill to provide for the issuance of the way, 75 percent of everything the ingly in the future, but also that it is sold of a postage stamp in commemoration of at a price that will make possible its widest, 150 years of Highway Freight Transportation Nation eats, wears, and uses. maximum usage. Progress; to the Committee on Post Office The importance of the trucking indus Consequently, electric power is a matter and Civil Service. try to Michigan and to the Nation can not exceeded in importance by any other (See the remarks of Mr. FERGUSON when not be overestimated since it serves every subject now pressing for action before this he introduced the above bill, which appear business, agricultural, industrial, and Congress. Merely mention aluminum, cop under a separate heading.) defense activity in the Nation. per, steel, atomic energy, hydrogen bomb or By Mr. SMATHERS: In view of these facts, I hope this bill practically any aspect of modern industry S. 3361. A bill for the relief of Norberta and living, and you will find that electric will receive early consideration, together power is a basic part thereof. Linaza Yrigoyen and Maria Josefa Maseda with the companion bill which I under Lopez; to the Committee on the Judiciary. KNOWING WHAT POWER COSTS By Mr. O'CONOR: stand is being introduced in the House S. 3362. A bill for the relief of Gilbert by Representative J. CALEB BOGGS, of America has expanded to its- present Lemoine; to the Committee on the Judiciary. heights by means of private enterprise, ini Delaware, who is interested in the pro tiative, and inventiveness. In the realm of By Mr. CLEMENTS: posed legislation. electric power America. has grown still great S. 3363. A bill for the relief of Dr. Lotte er by the sharp yardstick of public power Bernstein; to the Committee on the Judi- that only recently entered the power scene. ciary. PROPOSED INVESTIGATION OF For a long time it was a trade mystery, but By Mr. MAGNUSON (for himself, Mr. PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES OF now, for the first time, the public knows GILLETTE, Mr. GREEN, Mr. HILL, Mr. PRIVATE UTILITIES what it costs to generate, transmit, and KEFAUVER, Mr. LANGER, Mr. LEHMAN, distribute electric power. Now also, for Mr. MORSE, Mr. MURRAY, Mr. TOBEY, Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, on the first time, the American people know and Mr. HUMPHREY) : behalf of myself, the Senator from Iowa Wh~t the same private utilities are charging S. J. Res. 168. Joint resolution authorizing [Mr. GILLETTE], the Senator from Rhode their customers for electricity in the .same an inquiry by the Federal Trade Commission Island [Mr. GREEN], the Senator from State, and in other parts of the Union. We into certain practices and activities of pri likewise know what public power is doing vate companies engaged in the production, Alabama [Mr. HILL], the Senator from throughout America and the world. distribution, or sale of electrical energy in Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER], the Senator Naturally, this has irked the private utili interstate commerce; to the Committee on from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER], the ties. The private utilities are like the pri Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Senator from New York [Mr. LEHMAN], vate conveyors of mail before the Federal (See the remarks of Mr. MAGNUSON when the Senator from Oregon [Mr. MoRsE], post office system was established-or the he introduced the above joint resolution, the Senator from Montana [Mr. MuR private owners of roads and pikes that pre which appear under a separate heading.) RAY], the Senator from New Hampshire ceded our present public-lOads system-or the railroad buccaneers of the nineteenth [Mr. TOBEY], and the Senator from century-or the private suppliers of city POSTAGE STAMP COMMEMORATING Minnesota [Mr. HuMPHREY], I introduce water that preceded the municipal owner 150 YEARS OF HIGHWAY FREIOHT for appropriate reference a joint resolu ship of our water services. Similarly, the TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS tion authorizing an inquiry by the Fed private utilities have long regarded their eral Trade Commission into certain monopoly to supply electric service as an Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I practices and activities of private com exclusive domain in which they could oper introduce for appropriate reference a panies engaged in the production, dis ate pretty much like private enterprise. bill to provide for the issuance of a post tribution, or sale of electrical energy in PUBLIC YARDSTICK age stamp in commemoration of 150 interstate commerce. I ask unanimous The public never shared this view. Early years of Highway Fr~ight Transporta consent that a statement I have pre in the development of these private utili tion Progress. I ask unanimous consent pared in connection with the joint reso ties, the State recognized that since they to make a brief statement relating to lution be printed in the RECORD. were affected with a public interest, a pri the bill. The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint vate utility could not operate the same as The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will private enterprise. The rights of the pub resolution will be received and appro lic had to be protected-and all activities be received and appropriately referred; priately referred; and, without objec that were contrary to such public interest and, without objection, the Senator from tion, tha statement will be printed in the were to be regulated and modified or pro Michigan may proceed. RECORD. hibited. But· such regulation, with the end- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7579 less series of legal battles, never worked ef lie-utility information." There were 28 such utilities as Bolsheviks, Reds, or parlor fectively. So yardsticks were developed in bureaus, and they covered 36 of the most pinks. the form of public power projects-not to populous States. Evidently creeping socialism was then supplant the private utilities-but to afford 2. The Federal Trade Commission found unknown. To many of my colleagues, who effective competition-and thus keep the that tn circulating such propaganda, the have supported public power on thls floor, service up; and the rates down. private utilities frequently engaged in secret some of the above labels will have a very It is important to recite these obvious activities in order to block the full expres familiar ring. facts-as they are not so obvious to the pri sion of opposing views on public power. vate utilities. At times they seem to for Often methods of indirect approach were UPHOLDING STATE REGULATION get that they are granted an exclusive mo employed by the private utilities in order to 10. While the Federal Trade Commission nopoly privilege, without any competition, get their propaganda to the public. In do found that only in a few instances was there and are guaranteed a profit on their invest ing so, injunctions of secrecy were given, so any effective State regulation, nevertheless ment-upon condition that they serve the that the private utility source of such propa the utilities proclaimed the complete effec public at the lowest rates consistent with ganda would not be known to the public. tiveness of such regulation as a foil to any sound operating practices. I remind you, I am reciting the conclusions further Federal or local regulation, or to any form of public ownership and operation. THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION UTILITY IN• of the Federal Trade Commission-reached VESTIGATION after 7 years of searching investigation-be DIRECT POLITICAL ACTIVITIES ginning in 1928. This is a subject very close to the pocket 11. The Federal Trade Commission found book of most of the American people. Back DISP.-.RAGING PUBLIC OWNERSmP that in many States, the utilities engaged· in in 1928, the public was aroused by certain 3. The Federal Trade Commission found direct political activities against any project activities of the private utilities-so an in that the subject of this concealed private of a public nature, and favored men and vestigation by the Federal Trade Commis· utility propaganda was to disparage all forms measures agreeable to the privately owned sion followed. of public ownership of utilities, and the utillty program. While that is a long time ago, many of us preachment of the economy, efficiency, and CREATING A HALO AROUND THE PRIVATE UTILITIES still remember the findings of the Federal general excellence of the privately owned 12. Finally, the Federal Trade Commission Trade Commission pursuant to Senate Reso utilities. This was done under the greatest found that while the private utilities were lution No. 83 of the Seventieth Congress, campaign ever conducted by private interests engaged in all these activities to disparage first session. With a staff of 50 economists, in this country. public or municipal ownership and operation, lawyers, and accountants, the Federal Trade CAREFULLY CONSIDERED PLANS the utilities pursued their ultimate objective Commission spent over 7 years investigating 4. The Federal Trade Commission found of ~reating a halo around their own practices. the propaganda and related activities of the that these propaganda activities were care ARE THEY DOING THE SAME THINGS AGAIN? private utilities in the United States. fully coru,idered and planned by the heads of It is importa~t that we now recall the the private-utility industries. The sponsors The charge has been made-in highly re principal conclusions that the Commission sponsible quarters-that the private utili and planners of this propaganda fully rec ties or their agents again are engaged in found, in over 80 volumes of sworn testi ognized its character and objective. mony and documentary exhibits. For once similar activities directed against: the pub again it is being charged in responsible quar USING SUBSIDIZED AGENCIES lic ownership of electric utilities; the public ters that the same utilities are engaging jn 5. The Federal Trade Commission findings ownership of the generation, transmission, or the same activities-at a time when all of show that the private utilities carried on distribution of electric power; rural electric us believed that the private utilities had their propaganda through a number of sub cooperatives; multipurpose projects; prefer cleaned house. sidized agencies. They took full advantage ence for public bodies in Federal power de And what did the Federal Trade Commis of the good will that was induced by their velopments; the construction and operation sion find? Before answering this question, advertising expenditures, and in a number of Federal transmission lines; wheeling, and we should state that all the findings of the of instances newspapers, or a controlling in other private utility contracts concerning the Federal Trade Commission were drawn-not terest in them, were acquired. transmission and distribution of electric from adverse or conflicting testimony-but I continue with the Federal Trade Com power; and related public power matters. from the documents, declarations, and mission's conclusions. There is a well established American tradi sworn testimony of the private utilities tion that a person is innocent until he is INFLUENCING EDUCATION themselves. proven guilty. In order for us to find out SUMMARIZING THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 6. The Federal Trade Commission findings the facts, I have introduced the resolution INVESTIGATION disclose that the private utilities influenced asking that the Federal Trade Commission schools, colleges, and universities in numer make an investigation -of the activities of In now summarizing these findings, it ous effective ways. School men were in the private util1ties in this country. I am should be recognized that I am not oppos fluenced to favor the private util1ties pleased to say that Senators GILLETTE, GREEN, ing the right of the private utilities to set through jobs, speaking engagements, plan HILL, KEFAUVER, LANGER, LEHMAN, MORSE, forth their views honestly and openly upon ning utiUty courses, making utility studies, MURRAY, and TOBEY join me in offering this any subject-provided that they do so with writing articles, by having direct money pay resolution. their own funds and not with money re ments made to many educational institu ceived from customers that should be used tions, through favorable textbooks, by elimi to improve service or reduce rates. nating matter in publications deemed un DEFINITION OF PHRASE "PEACE Turning now to the investigation of the fair or prejudicial by the utilities, or by private utHities, which began in 1928, we find bringing pressure on the largest publishers LOVING STATE" IN UNITED NA the private utilities were engaged in 12 differ for the effect it would have on the smaller TIONS CHARTER ent types of propaganda activities. The es ones. Mr. BREWSTER (by request) sub sence of the findings of the Federal Trade PRIVATE-UTILITY COMMITTEES Commission which follow discloses that mitted the following concurrent resolu 7. The Federal Trade Commission findings tion (S. Con. Res. 85), which was re these propaganda activities of the private reveal that the private utilities had various utlllties were not open and above-board, but committees for keeping in touch with the ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re concealed. Secretly, they had others whom industries of this country. Likewise these lations: they financed or controlled, speak in their cominittees kept in touch with many asso Whereas it is universally admitted that behalf-thus giving the public the impres ciations such as the United States Chamber the common people of all countries are over sion that the various private groups or indi of Commerce, Kiwanis, Rotary, Lions Club, whelmingly opposed to war; and viduals were honestly setting forth their Women's Clubs, churches or clergymen. Whereas history very definitely indicates own private views. As a matter of record, these so-called private views were actually OPPOSING PUBLIC POWER that the dictatorship state breeds war and the carefully planned views of the private that real democracy promotes peace; and 8. The Federal Trade Commission findings Whereas for all practical purposes the tre utilities, in disguise. disclose that the private utilities made re Here, then, are the main findings of the peated attacks upon every outstanding pub mendous power of religion to prevent war . Federal Trade Commission: lic-power project whether in existence or has never been harnessed; and Whereas the record of the United Nations KINDS OF PUBLICITY contemplated, including much propaganda against the proposed Muscle Shoals and clearly indicates the great need for growth 1. Since 1919, the electric utilities have Boulder Dam Government projects. and progress; and carried on an aggressive national propa Whereas there is an extremely urgent need ganda campaign, using their own agencies as PINNING THE RED LABEL UPON OPPONENTS to strengthen and promote democracy on a well as outside organizations, and actively 9. The Federal Trade Commission findings scale never before attempted in the world's employing all forms of publicity, except "sky show that a favorite method of attack was- history: Now, therefore, be it writing." This propaganda was National, not to meet the public-ownership argu Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep State and local in character. It was carried ment-but to pin the Red label on their resentatives concurring), That the Congress on by geographic associations, State associa proponents, and thus condemn those who of the United States favors the adoption of tions, State committees or "bureaus of pub- advocated the public ownership of public· the following definition of the phrase, XCVIII-477 7580 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 19 "peace-loving state," as used in article 4, of matter pending before the Senate, or the and several other Senators, earlier this ses the United Nations Charter: unfinished business, shall be the unfinished sion. It would provide first for effective "A peace-loving state is hereby defined as business to the exclusion of all other busi cloture, and secondly, it would remove the any nation which gives its people the right to ness until disposed of. immunity of the ru.les themselves to change vote in a referendum for peace or war, ex "'Thereafter no Senator shall be entitled through the process of orderly debate. cept in the case of direct invasion and ex to speak in all more than 1 hour on the The amendment recommended by the ma cept for the use of joint military power by measure, motion, or other matter pending jority or the rules committee to the Wherry this Organization." before the Senate, or the unfinished busi r ule, rule 22, makes little if any significant SEc. 2. It is further the sense of the Con ness, the amendments thereto, and motions change in the present situation. gress that any member nation of the United affecting the same, and it shall be the duty The proposal I and my colleagues are sub Nations which does not comply with this of the Presiding Officer to keep the time of mitting as a substitute would make rule 22 definition taking the necessary political ac each Senator who speaks. Except by unani into an effective rule to limit debate. Our tion within 5 years after its adoption by the mous consent, no amendment shall be in proposa 1 consists of three parts: The first Unit ed Nations, shall be automatically order after the vote to bring the debate to part of the proposed substitute provides dropped from membership in the United a close, unless the same has been presented for cloture or limitation of debate by a vote Nations. and read prior to that time. No dilatory of two-thirds of those present and voting, S:sc. 3. The Congress requests the Presi motion, or dilatory amendment, or amend after a waiting period of 2 days. This sec dent to instruct our Chief Delegate to the ment not germane shall be in order. Points tion of the rule is designed to be invoked United Nations to take all steps possible to of order, including questions of relevancy, for legislation of a national emergency na effect the purposes of this resolution. and appeals from the decision of the Pre t ·.ue where at least two-thirds of t h e Senate siding Officer, shall be decided without de desired speedy action. Under this section bate.' of the rule, two-thirds of the Senate could AMENDMENT OF RULE RELATING TO "(b) Subsection 3 of rule XXII of the order that debate on a question or motion Standing Rules of the Senate relating to be henceforth limited to 1 hour per Senator CLOTURE-AMENDMENT cloture, is amended to read as follows: and that no dilatory motions would there Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, on be "'3. If at any time, notwithstanding the after be entertained. half of myself, the Senator from Mon provisions of rule III or rule VI or any other To meet the need for democratic decisions tana [Mr. MuRRAY], the Senator from rule of the Senate, a motion, signed by 16 on nonemergency legislation, a separate sec Senators, to bring to a close the debate upon tion of the rule is proposed. This second Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON], the junior any measure, motion, or other matter pend section would make cloture possible after 15 Senator from West Virginia [Mr. NEELY], ing before the Senate, or the unfinished busi days by the vote of a majority of those the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DoUGLAS], ness, is presented to the Senate pursuant to present and voting. The 15-day period is the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. this subsection, the Presiding Officer shail at provided to give Senators in a minority HuMPHREY], the senior Senator from once state the motion to the Senate, and 1 position ample opportunity to appeal to pub Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN], the junior hour after the Senate meets on the four lic sentiment and to arouse public sup Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BENTON], teenth calendar day thereafter (exclusive of port for their position. Sundays and legal holidays) , he shall lay the The two sections of this rule are inde· the junior Senator from Rhode Island motion before the Senate and direct that the pendent of one another but they are inter [Mr. PASTORE], the senior Senator from Secretary call the roll, and, upon the ascer connected. Cloture may be invoked under Connecticut [Mr. McMAHON], the senior tainment that a quorum is present, the Pre section 2, or it may be invoked under section Senator from West Virginia [Mr. KIL siding Officer shall, without further debate, 3 of the proposed new rule. If cloture fails GORE], the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. submit to the Senate by a yea-and-nay vote under section 2, cloture may be attempted KEFAUVER], and the Senator from Mis the question: under section 3. souri [Mr. HENNINGS], I submit an "'"Is it the sense of the Senate that the The proposed new rule repeals outright debate shall be brought to a close?" that provision of rule 22·, now found in amendment in the nature of a substi subsection 3, which exempts amendments tute, intended to be proposed by us, "'During the period intervening between the statement of the motion to bring debate to the rules, or any motion incident there . jointly, to the resolution waves ings to this effect have repeatedly been ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS. ARTICLES, of emotionalism, of synthetic thinking, ETC., PRINTED IN THE APPENDIX made by United Nations military au rather than calm, reasonable, logical re thorities. Who knows, too, how germ On request, and by unanirhous con view of the facts. I will not name them, warfare may figure in the Kremlin's sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc., let the shoe remain on whosever foot plans against continental United States were ordered to be printed in the Ap it fits. itself-in the event of a third world war? pendix, as follows: In. this political period, where passion WE UNDERESTIMATED RED PROPAGANDA EFFEC• By Mr. FLANDERS: runs high on all sides, where anxious TIVENESS A Declaration to a World in Crisis, adopted men and their supporters seek highest at the conference of the International public office-in this time is provided the Mr. President, I have often warned Council for Christian Leadership, held in greatest opportunity for true leaders to against either over-estimating or under Holland, May 22 to May 25, 1952. demonstrate their leadership, their estimating the Soviet Union. In this By Mr. LEHMAN: instance of germ. warfare charges, I be Editorial entitled "New Bill," published in worthiness for public office, by rejecting lieve that America and indeed United the June 14, 1952, issue of the Pilot. the use of false weapons of propaganda, Nations diplomats sadly underestimated By Mr. SMITH of North Carolina: the big lie or the little lie, the big smear the Soviet propaganda wizards. Edit orial entitled "Full Year of Stale or the little smear. Let the November mate," published in the Elizabeth City 1952 election be won on fact, not on When the first ·charges of germ war (N. C.) Daily Advance of June 17, 1952. falsehood. Let each side have the cour fare were made against us, a great many age and fair play to talk issues, not per so-called skilled diplomats here and else sonalities, to promote understanding, where dismissed them lightly and as PROPOSED INVESTIGATION OF not bigotry. · sumed that the falsehoods would be com CHARGES BY SOVIET UNION OF Sometimes some of us in public life pletely ignored by the civilized world. GERM WARFARE feel that we might almost interrupt com But the well-oiled machinery of the Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I wish pletely our regular functions in order Cominform and its puppet Communist to speak upon what I consider ·to be a to smash ~own the propaganda weapons Parties in lands like France and Italy 7582 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE June 19 were sadly underrated in their ability known statesmen, of a caliber recognized The Soviet masters of the Kremlin are to "sell" the big lie. for political and diplomatic independ planning for still further outbreaks in The Soviets have not missed the slight ence, and whose nations are likewise southeast Asia and elsewhere. It is up est bet for propaganda attack; thus on recognized for their independence and to us to make absolutely sure that more Gen. Matthew Ridgway's arrival in sovereignty. misguided millions in these and other France, he was greeted by Communist Second. The report of this Committee areas do not become the dupes of inter demonstrators carrying banners calling shall be given due note in the press of national communism and do not take up him "microbe killer" and Fascist crim the Soviet Union and that of our coun arms to destroy the very forces of free inal." General Ridgway's reaffirmation try. In particular, the Soviet Union dom which are one of their greatest in Italy on Tueday that the germ charge shall pledge itself to print the report hopes for achieving the better way of was a fraud was of course hooted and within the pages of Pravda, and I for life. By point 4 and other aids, by our jeered at by the Red forces. one shall pledge to print the report, sub own previous record of unselfishness, by And so, the lie campaign continues. ject to intrinsic limitation on space, our own traditional support of the yearn In the streets of the cities of Europe Within the pages Of the CONGRESSIONAL ings for the sov6l'eignty of all ex-colonial have appeared innumerable posters and RECORD. peoples, by our own traditions of 1776, signs showing the Americans as killers I believe that statesmen of the caliber we have signified our common bond with engaged in microbe manslaughter. of Prime Minister Nehru of India and the restless, rising masses of Asia. Let us As one illustration of the amazing President Soekarno of the Republic of not lose them by our failure to antidote gullibility of even so-called informed Indonesia shall be the type to recom the poison which is being inocculated individuals, I cite the instance of John mend this investigation committee. into them. W. Burton, permanent head of the De I believe further that the Committee WE MUST ANTIDOTE POISON WITH TRUTH SERUM partment of External Affairs for the should consist of outstanding leaders of PROMPTLY previous Australian Labor Government. Asia, since it is they who are most vitally Poison does not cure itself. Poison re Mr. Burton has now lent his name to concerned with the charges which have quires a specific antidote. The venom the present anti-American drive. been leveled. We dare the Soviet Union of the Communist snake must be com I have seen other evidences that not to accept this challenge. We dare it to bated by the more powerful serum of just known sources sympathetic to com place its faith in the judicial decision truth. munism, but sources which we might re of Asia's own statesmen. It is time to make sure that never gard as being genuinely "neutral" or BIGGER LIES STILL TO COME again do we allow ourselves to fall so far even leaning toward our side-have swal Mr. President, I want us to succeed in behind in using the antidote so long lowed the Red line hook, line, and sinker. smashing this big lie because we may after the snake bite occurs. I say that the time is overdue for be sure there will be bigger lies to come. We have lost uncounted millons al American diplomacy to seize the offensive The germ-warfare charge is but one of ready-in whom the venom of hatred to "scotch" the big lie. the opening rounds of a bout which may against the West has taken hold. Let us To be sure, we have already taken be of relatively unlimited duration. lose none further. such steps as transmitting Voice of If we of the West prove our weakness Let the leaders of both Democratic America broadcasts which have rebutted in this early round, we can be sure that and Republican Parties address them· the Soviet charges. the skilled Soviet "boxers," completely selves to constructive problems of this We have challenged the Communists ignoring the Marquis of Queensbury sort, above and beyond partisan politics, to permit an open investigation by the rules, will be using thumbing, gouging, in the international realm. International Red Cross, an organization and every other illegal device of the prize Meanwhite, as we combat the propa known for its impartial and unselfish ring or the propaganda ring. ganda lie on the foreign front, let us ever service. The Soviets, however, contend Communism being founded upon the remember that we have a responsibility ed that such an investigation would not lie, is at home in its spreading of lies. on the domestic front, to set an example be satisfactory since the Russians said There is no fabrication too bold, no false of fairness, of decency, of sportsman that the International Red Cross had be hood too immoral for those whose code ship, which we have come to think of as come a "tool" of the United States. of conduct is based upon absolute au characteristic of the American way. REDS INSIST ON RATIFICATION OF GERM dacity, absolute immorality in achieving WARFARE PROTOCOL their ends. Soviet Russia, with typical craftiness But I refuse to accept the idea that we CIVIL FUNCTIONS, DEPARTMENT OF has demanded immediate ratification of of the democracies must be perpetually THE ARMY, APPROPRIATIONS, the Geneva Protocol of June 1925 con second best in the propaganda g?,me. 1953 cerning biological watfare. Jacob Malik We have the brains. We have the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair has cited the fact that the United States, truth. We have the cause. There is lays before the Senate the unfinished although a signatory to that protocol no reason under the sun why the Nation business, H. R 7268. did not ratify it, whereas the Soviet which has perfected advertising to an The Senate resumed the consideration Union, Britain, France, China, and five art, a Nation which knows salesman of the bill (H. R. 7268) making appro other members of the Security Council ship better than any other nation, should priations for civil functions adminis had ratified or acceded to the conven be perpetually second best in the propa tered by the Department of the Army for tion. ganda war. the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953, and We, however, have rightly pointed out TO LOSE BATTLE OF MINDS IS TO LOSE BATTLE for other purposes. that the Soviety Union continues com OF BATTLEFIELD The VICE PRESIDENT. The first pletely to refuse to enter into a confer Let us bear in mind, too, that the So amendment of the Committee on Appro ence on general and effective control of viets know that their propaganda lies priations will be stated. various types of weapons. fall on particularly fertile soil in the The first amendment of the Commit We feel that it is absurd for us to at minds of the largely illiterate masses of tee on Appropriations was, under the tempt to deal piecemeal with any one Asia, peoples who are just beginning to heading "Civil functions, Department of weapon such as biological warfare alone, have the opportunity and facilities to the Army-Cemeterial expenses," on when obviously the "Big H"-the hydro exercise their native reason and judg page 3, line 2, after the word "cemeter gen bomb and other dreadful weapons ment, peoples long oppressed in dark ies", to strike out "$4,000,000" and insert hover over the world. ness-peoples now longing for the light. $4,319,350." IMPARTIAL INVESTIGATIONS SUGGESTED We have learned only belatedly that Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I Mr. President, I specifically recom we must win the battle of men's minds should like to be recognized for a few mend that the President of the United if we are to win the battle of the phys minutes to make a statement. States call upon the Government of the ical battlefield. Today in North Korea, Mr. FERGUSON. Did I understand Soviet Union to accept an impartial in in Indochina, in Malaya, misguided na the Senator from Tennessee to say that vestigation of the charges of germ war tive peoples, armed and equipped by the he will make a statement before the fare under the following conditions: Kremlin, are murdering American boys, committee amendments are considered? First. The Committee on Investiga French boys, and English boys; and they, Mr. McKELL..l\R. Yes; I should like tion shall be appointed by three well· in turn, are dying. to make a very brief statement. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7583 Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator from able to any na;tion in the world. Cargo han Investments of public funds that this coun Michigan, and the Senator from N.ew dled at these ports has risen from about 463,- try has ever made. Hampshire desire to make a motion to 000,000 tons in 1929 to 630,000,000 tons in The relatively small appropriations for 1950. These facillties have proved their surveys have enabled the Corps of Engineers recommit the bill. We should like to essentiality as basic elements of our eco to keep this program up to date and present make that motion prior to the considera nomic and industrial structure, and in our to Congress soundly conceived reports and tion of any amendments. ability to wage war or aid the nations asso recommendations on new improvements and Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, the ciated with us in keeping the peace. modifications of existing projects which bill as reported to the Senate recom The federally improved inland and intra have been found necessary over the years. mends appropriations in the amount of coastal waterways, exclusive of the Great Appropriations for miscellaneous work are $666,774,699, which is $45,853,101 below Lakes channels, aggregate some 27,000 miles those for the continuing and general au the estimates of the Bureau of the in length. However, about 80 percent of the thorities which Congress has delegated to the commerce is carried on some 15 major water Chief of Engineers. These include such Budget and $174,339,799 above the ways. which have also received about 80 per work as removal of wrecks, clearing and amount of the bill as passed the House. cent of the Federal expenditure for this pur snagging of navigation channels, flood fight Before considering 'tnis bill which pro pose. Total traffic moving on the improved ing and emergency repair of flood protection .vides for carrying on the civil functions inland waterways has shown a tremendous works. Appropriations under these general of the Department of the Army for the increase from 8,600,000,000 ton-miles in 1929 and continuing authorities and for surveys fiscal year 1953 I should like to make a to 51,700,000,000 ton-miles in 1950, an in account for about 6.5 percent of the total few observations. crease of about 500 percent in the 22-year civil works appropriation to date. Although period. In terms of transportation savings this work thus constitutes a very small ·part During the past 128 years, that is, to shippers and receivers of cargo, these of the civil works program it has been most since 1824, appropriations for the civil waterways are currently paying off at a important in keeping the program up to date functions of the Corps of Engineers rate of well over $2 for every dollar of Fed and in permitting the accomplishment of mi have totaled $8,000,000,000, including eral cost. Moreover, during World War II nor work of an emergency or annually recur the $680,900,000 in the approved budget these waterways proved their value to the ring nature in an economical and effective estimate for the fiscal year 1953. Of national defense by providing protected manner. this amount $5,911,000,000 was for con routes for bulk movement of petroleum and I trust that the foregoing summary of the other basic materials, thus relieving the over appropriations for civil works and of the struction. burdened railroads to accommodate faster status and accomplishments of the civil Mr. President, I ask unanimous con moving tramc. In addition, more than 4,000 works program will provide the information sent to have printed in the RECORD at landing craft and small war ships were built you desire. If further details and support this point a letter from the Assistant along inland waterways and floated to the sea ing data are needed I shall be glad to sup Chief of Engineers for Civil Works via federally improved channels. ply them. which briefly states the accomplish The current Federal flood-control program Sincerely yours, ments of the Corps of Engineers in the is relatively new and dates essentially from C. H. CHORPENING, development of our rivers and harbors 1928, when the major project for the Alluvial Brigadier General, USA, Assistant Valley of the Mississippi River was author Chief of Engineers for Civil Works. in the interest of navigation, flood con ized by Congress. Since that time and trol, and power development. through fiscal year 1951 a total of 330 flood Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I There being no objection, the letter control and multiple-use projects, includ-ing wish to digress long enough to say that was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, those for the Mississippi and Sacramento I believe the Army engineers to be the -as follows: .Rivers.. have been placed in operation, and greatest organization of engineers any "DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, over 80 projects are no~ under construction. where in the world. They know their OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEERS, The works completed or in operation now serve to prevent flood damages estimated to business; they are honest and upright, washington, June 12, 1952. average more than $300,000,000 annually, and and efficient in every sense of the world. Hon. KENNETH McKELLAR, since 1928 they have prevented an acc-umu When they come before the committees Chairman, Committee on Appropria lated flood damage of well over $5,000,000,000 of Congress they give to the committees tions, United States Senate, Wash as compared with the total of $2,300,000,000 ington, D. C. accurate, full, and sound advice. Their DEAR SENATOR McKELLAR: In response to that has been appropriated for their con management and control of the work struction and operation through fiscal year entrusted to them has been character - your verbal request, I am pleased· to furnish 1952.. The major project for the Alluvial you the following information regarding the Valley of the Mississippi River · h·as at its ized by ability and professional skill. I Federal Civil Works program. present stage of completion returned over can say that from personal knowledge The total appropriations during the past $5 in benefits for every dollar expended; and and observation of their activities dur ·128 years (since 1824)' for navigation, flood the general flood-control program, where ing my service in the House and in the control and related improvements have projects have been in operation less than a amounted to $8,000,000,000, including $680,- Senate for a period of nearly 42 years. decade, on the average, has already repaid in Mr. President, I should now like to call 900,000 in the approved Bureau of the benefits more than half of its cost, and the · Budget estimate for fiscal year 1953. This useful life of these projects is actually just the Senate's attention to the number of total appropriation has been utilized (or al beginning. United States dollars we are spending located insofar as the amount for fiscal year The works completed or in operation now to develop the power, water, and soil 1953 is concerned) as follows: protect over. 860 communities and over 26,- resources of foreign countries. Direct (In millions of dollars] 000,000 acres of agricultural land, with an ·appropriations for such projects from aggregate population of about 4,600,000 in ECA funds in the fiscal year 1951 protected areas. These works are distrib River Flood amounted to $244,575,000; but, in addi and control Tota. uted widely over the country; located in 46 tion, almost $4,000,000,000 has been set harbor States of the Union. Appropriations for prosecution of the pro aside in a drawing account, called coun New work (construction) ___ 2, 410. 3 3, 500. 7 5, 911.0 gram for flood control and related purposes terpart funds, for such projects. Maintenance and operation_ 1, 342. 7 233. 6 1, 576. 3 have produced other important features. Today we are spending for such pur M iscellaneous and surveys__ 276. 9 244. 8 521. 7 Hydroelectric power installations authorized poses more money abroad than we are TotaL______4, 029. 9 3, 979: 1 8, 009. 0 by Congress and constructed under this pro spending at home. Not only are we gram total about 1,000,000 kilowatts of gen ·spending these enormous sums of money erating capacity and an additional 5,500,000 ·in foreign countries, but we are spending Of the total appropriations for rivers and kilowatts are now under construction to harbors, about half has been for seacoast meet the expanding industrial needs for them without limitation. On the other and Great Lakes harbors and channels and both civil . and military requirements. In hand, in this bill the House has provided the remainder has been used for inland and addition the program is producing large col a limitation on the expenditure of funds intracoastal waterways. lateral benefits. Civil works projects are aid in the United States, and that limitation These relatively small appropriations over ing in control of stream pollution; municipal would prohibit any expenditures for a century and a quarter have permitted the water supplies are being provided from 12 planning in connection with projects in improvement of 417 commercial ports (286 reservoirs; the works are providing impor the United States in the future. The coastal and 131 Great Lakes) 1 as well as the tant fac111ties for preservation of fish and provision of a number of harbors for refuge wildlife that would not otherwise be avail attitude of the House of Representatives and for small fishing and recreational craft. able; and recreational fac111ties provided by seems to be that we do not need to plan These harbors and channels have been im reservoir management programs attracted for America, but that we must make proved progressively to meet the needs of 26,000,000 visitors in 1951. plans for Great Britain and for France · maritime and lake commerce to provide this The Federal appropriat.ions for flood con and for Germany and for Italy and for country with the best port facllities avail- trol have proved to be one of the soundest Austria and for Asia and for Africa and. .7584 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.=. SENATE 'June 19 for South America. Oh, yes; it seems Mr. DWORSHAK. It seems to be 75 percent of the $8,000,000,000 has been to be quite all right, so far as the House quite difficult to visualize that during spent for construction, and the remain· of Representatives is concerned, to spend more than a century, only approxi· ing 25 percent has been spent, I assume, money to make plans for projects in for mately $8,000,000,000 has been spent un.. for maintenance. eign countries, and $8,000,000,000 is re .. der the supervision of the Army Corps of Mr. McKELLAR. Yes; for mainte quested for both planning and construc Engineers for all the various projects in nance, salaries of officers, and similar tion abroad. On the other hand, if it the United States, because the distin items. is desired to improve the Missouri River guished chairman of the Appropriations Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly. or the harbor of Detroit or provide for Committee knows that that sum only In the case of the 75 percent which has a dam in Texas or for a project in Wis .. approximates the amount we are spend been spent for construction, the great consin, the House of Representatives ing currently, in 1 year, on various proj majority of it has been spent for the takes the position that it will refuse to ects abroad. Is not that correct? construction of facilities which have agree to appropriate money for plans Mr. McKELLAR. Yes. All of us know helped make America what she is today. for such purposes. In short, the House that to be so. If there is a Member of the Mr. McKELLAR. Those facilities are will refuse to appropriate funds for plan Senate who thinks for a moment that vitally necessary to the prosperity and ning for the building up of the United we shall ever get back any part of the happiness of the American people. States, although it is willing that un money spent abroad, I should like to have Mr. President, I wish to say as one limited sums of money be appropriated him rise and say so. I challenge any Senator-and I believe the majority of for planning and for all kinds of con Member of the Senate to say that he be the Members of this body feel just as I struction in various other countries of lieves we shall get back any part of that do about this matter-that we should the world. money. continue to build up these projects which I wish to state to the Senate that I be Mr. President, we are making vast gifts have meant so much for the advance lieve now, and I have always believed, to foreign governments; but while we ment and wealth and happiness of the that our first duty is to the people of the are making those gifts, we are cheese United States. United States. We were chosen by our paring on every United States project. I Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, will constituents to legislate for America, and recall a project in the West for which an the Senator yield further? for America first. appropriation of $244,000 was requested, Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. Or1 the other hand, some persons seem but that item was reduced in the House Mr. McCLELLAN. We are expected to to take the attitude that it is quite all of Representatives, before the bill appropriate for overseas spending for right for us to provide for private build reached the Senate committee. There military assistance about $5,000,000,000, ings, if you please, in foreign countries after some of the members of the Sen as shown by the present budget. We say and for the construction of dams on for ate committee challenged the item still that is in the interest of our own defense; eign rivers and housing projects in vari further, and motions were made to re that it is in the interest of the mutual ous other countries of the world, with duce the appropriations for it by 5 per defense of the Atlantic Pact nations, in out any limitation at all; and such funds cent or 10 percent, or some such per· cluding the United States, to make our are voted without a word of protest, so centage. potential allies and friends strong mili far as many Members of Congress are Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, will tarily in the event of another war. But concerned. Yet the same Members of the Senator from Tennessee yield to me? when we undertake to spend money at Congress take the attitude that limita Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. home in order to strengthen America tions must be placed upon appropria Mr. McCLELLAN. Let me ask the dis there are those who do not want to re· tions for building up the United States. tinguished Senator from Tennessee, the gard that as having any impact upon Mr. President, the United States is chairman of the committee, whether the American strength in time of danger. coming out at the little end of the horn. $8,000,000,000 to which he has referred, But every dollar, or substantially every The provisions voted by the House of which he has stated the Corps of Engi dollar, proposed to be appropriated by Representatives will not even allow the neers has spent during the past 128 the pending bill will actually go toward appropriation of funds for planning for years, includes all expenditures for all building the economic strength and mili projects in the United States. the fine coastal harbors of the United tary power of America in order that we Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, States. may be prepared in the event of an will the Senator from Tennessee yield to Mr. McKELLAR. It does. other war. me? Mr. McCLELLAN. For their construc Mr. McKELLAR. I desire to cite a Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. tion, as well as their maintenance. few examples of what has been done. Mr. DWORSHAK. Will the distin Mr. McKELLAR. It does. The figure Consider what has been done on the guished chairman of the Appropriations stated includes the harbors of New York, Mississippi River, on the Columbia River, Committee repeat the figures he gave a Boston, and all the other ports along the on the Colorado River, on the Missouri few moments ago in regard to the Atlantic seaboard. River, and on all our other great rivers, amount of money spent over a long pe Mr. McCLELLAN. And also the ports as well as upon some of the smaller riod of years by the Army Corps of Engi on the Pacific Coast. rivers in the West and in the South, and neers? Mr. McKELLAR. Yes; and also all on the Ohio River in the Middle West. Mr. McKELLAR. Yes. During the the ports on the Gulf Coast and all the Consider what we have done in regard last 128 years-a very long period of ports or harbors on the Great Lakes. to the harbors of this country, to make time-the appropriations for the civil it possible for great ships to bring into functions of the Corps of Engineers have Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, those harbors cargoes from all the world. amounted to a total of approximately will the Senator from Tennessee yield No matter how large a ship may be, $8,000,000,000, including $680,900,000 in further to me? it can enter New York harbor and the the approved budget items for the fiscal Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. other great harbors along our coast. year 1953. Of this amount, $5,911,000,- Mr. McCLELLAN. I wish to empha Why? Because in the past we have 000 has been for construction. The ex size the point that of the $8,000,000,000 made appropriations to improve our penditure of that money has built up our which the Senator from Tennessee has great harbors for the benefit of our country and has aided tremendously in stated has been spent during a period of commerce with all the rest of the world. making the United States the greatest 128 years, most of the money has been In elaboration of what I have stated, country in all the world. spent for facilities which are vital and I desire to say very frankly that I am Yet under the bill as it has come to us absolutely indispensable to our great opposed, utterly opposed, and I may say from the House of Representatives, the commerce. viciously opposed, to the elimination of House has provided for stopping these Mr. McKELLAR. Yes; and 75 percent funds to be used in planning for the projects; the House would not even allow of that money has been spent for con future. I think such appropriations the appropriation of planning money for struction. Only 25 percent has been should be continued. Consider the such projects. spent for all other purposes. great dams of the West, in Oregon, Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, Mr. McCLELLAN. Yet a cry is always Washington, California, Idaho, and will the Senator from Tennessee yield made about "pork barrel." I wish to Missouri, and elsewhere. I want to say further to me? emphasize the statement the Senator to my good friend, the Senator from Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. !rom Tennessee has made, namely, that Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON], WhO sits be- 1952 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7585 fore me, that we have from time to time tee recommends $2,285,000 - for this flood at Kansas City. General Pick, the appropriated money for the develop- function. Chief of Engineers, and one of the best . ment of the harbors of the Great Lakes. · The committee feels .very strongly that and most efficient men in any depart I think that work ought to be continued. planning funds should be provided. ment of the Government, testified on the So, I do not believe we should discon Certainly planning will be continued on day before that flood occurred that if tinue the appropriation of money to be water-resource development projects in a great reservoir had been constructed used for planning. Nor do I believe foreign countries with American dollars. at Kettle Creek, Kansas City would be that we should discontinue the appro But in America, according to the House, safe from the ravages of floods. priation of money to be used in the con planning money is excluded. We have grown up with these projects, struction of great projects in our own 3. PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION so to speak; why should we stop them at country, while we at the same time give Mr. President, let me for a moment this time and yet contribute lavishly to limitless millions of dollars to foreign speak of projects now under construc foreign projects? I think we should be countries, from whom we do not expect tion. In my own State there is a project generous to our neighbors, yes, and I am to get one dollar back in the future. which is called Cheatham Dam, named willing to help them so far as we can Merely as an illustration, Mr. Presi in honor of Benjamin F. Cheatham, the properly do so; but I do not think we dent, several years ago we loaned $12,- celebrated general. Cheatham Dam is ought to do it at the expense of the 000 ,000,000 to Russia, an enemy of the in Cheatham County, Tenn., near the American situation as we find it. United States. Russia has never paid Kentucky line. The dam is about half Mr. CHAVEZ. The point I am trying back a cent of it. Does any Senator completed, and the House has stricken to make with respect to this particular believe that Russia ever will pay back out the appropriation for it. We have bill is that if there is one bill that is a dollar of it? I do not. She owes spent $6,000,000 on Cheatham Dam. If nonpolitical, it is this one. $12,000,000,000 and interest, and has work were stopped on the dam, it has Mr. McKELLAR. We tried our best owed it for a number of years. So I been estimated that it would result in a to make it that way. am appealing to Senators to build up loss of at least one-third of the amount Mr. CHAVEZ. Floods cause damage, American enterprise to develop Ameri which has been spent on the dam up to drown people, and destroy property in can resources, rather than stop the plan this time. Should work be stopped on Republican Kansas, Republican North ning which the Corps of Engineers has Cheatham Dam? I say it should not be Dakota, and Republican South Dakota, so well done in days gone by. stopped. Numerous other projects could as they do in Democratic Mississippi. Mr. President, to proceed a little fur be mentioned, some in the State of New This is a bill that involves constructive ther, I bring this matter to the attention · Mexico, some in the State of Arkansas, projects for the American people. It ·of the Senate because of the very re and some in the State of Texas, tTtat are means that creation of wealth, the sav stricted budget policy on public works in exactly the same status. There are ing of lives and property; it means ev which has existed for the past few years similar projects in the State of Michigan erything that is good for America. with respect to new starts. It is ap and in the State of Idaho. There are Mr. McKELLAR. I thank the Sena ·parent that this policy applies only to some in California. I want to say that tor from New Mexico for his remarks. projects in this country. I think New England, New York, and Mr. President, to stop the construc I cannot agree to such a policy. I Ohio ought to be treated in the same tion of the projects which are under con favor the development of our own way as the rest of the country. struction would be very costly and very natural resources. I believe that we Mr. TOBEY. I say so, too. unwise. I can remember when it was must proceed with the construction of Mr. McKELLAR. I have consistently argued in the Senate that electricity ·navigation, flood control, and power voted for a light and power project at could not be produced from water power. developments. Let us remember what Niagara Falls. I think it should be built. But look at the great projects which has happened in the West only during Mr. TOBEY. How about the St. Law have been built. By the way, the Fed the past year. Millions of dollars rence seaway? eral Government owns the dams. They worth of property was destroyed as the Mr. McKELLAR. I voted for the St. constitute one of the great assets of the result of failure to provide adequate Lawrence seaway because it seemed to American people. Not only that, but dams and reservoirs to control devas me that New England, New York, Penn the consumer of light and power gets tating floods. These projects should be sylvania, and Ohio should be treated in cheapter rates because of the building of recognized as the great national assets the same way California, Washington, Government dams in all parts of the they are. and Oregon have been treated. I frank Nation. I am one of those who believe There are four major differences be ly admit that the Senate has been very that that policy should be continued. tween the bill as passed the House on generous in its treatment of the Tennes I digress long enough to express the April 2, 1952, and the bill as reported see project, and I thank the Senate with hope that there will be no filibustering to the Senate. all my heart. The same policy should in connection with this bill. It should be passed. The time is growing short. 1. APPROPRIATED STRUCTURE be followed in the northeastern section 'of our country. Mr. WATKINS rose. In the past, appropriations for rivers Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr. McKELLAR. I think I can an and harbors and flood control, general Senator from Tennessee yield? swer the Senator's question before he and flood control Mississippi River and Mr. McKELLAR. I yield . puts it. We have tried to treat Utah in . tributaries have been carried in the bill Mr. CHAVEZ. Only last year there the same way we have treated every as three lump-sum items. In formu was a terrific flood in Kansas. This year other section. Has the Senator from lating the 1953 bill the House Committee there was a terriflc flood in Missouri. Utah an objection to the bill? broke these lump sums down into their Speaking about unfinished dams, I notice Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, will major component parts: namely, first, in the bill items with respect to the Gar the Senator yield? examination, surveys, planning and rison Reservoir and Fort Randall Reser M. McKELLAR. I yield. other study programs; second, construc voir. If the dams in connection with Mr. WATKINS. I am not making any tion; third, maintenance; and fourth, those reservoirs had been completed, · objection; but I should like to ask some administration. The flexibility provided 2,000,000 acres of the best farm land in questions. The Senator says that Utah !n the appropriation structure used in America would have been saved. But has been treated the same as every the past is considered necessary to meet because they were not completed, Oma- other State. _changing cpnditions which arise during ·ha, Sioux City, Council Bluffs, and other Mr. McKELLAR. If we have not the year. The bill as reported to the places had to suffer and 2,000,000 acres of treated Utah the same as we have treated ·senate is based on the appropriation the finest land went to perdition. every other ·State I aDl in favor of so structure which has served so well in the Mr. McKELLAR. I consider it highly treating·it. .past. patriotic to construct such projects. Mr. WATKINS. There have been 2. PLANNING MONEY Mr. CHAVEZ. If German Reservoir some very bad floods in Utah. The bill as passed the House provided and Fort Randall Reservoir had been Mr. McKELLAR. That is true. no appropriation for the planning of completed, billions of dollars would have Mr. WATKINS. And much property .river and harbor and flood-control proj been saved to America . has been destroyed. The Army engi .ects. The budget estimate for this func Mr. McKELLAR. I believe the Sena• neers have made surveys and planned a tion was $2,300,000, the Senate Commit- tor has omitted to mention the terrible number of projects, but they say they 7586 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE 'June ·19 cannot go ahead with them because elude an estimate for the project. It is spect to the streams and would have been there is no money in the fund for proj possible that the Budget Bureau turned glad to take up the matter with the ects of that kind. down the Army Engineers. But so far Senator. Mr. McKELLAR. What kind of proj as the committee was concerned, there Mr. WATKINS. I understood there ects are they? was no one who referred to any particu was to be a general increase in the fund Mr. wATKINS. They are not dams. lar flood-control project, which is the to take care of cases of this kind, so they They are levees, and the deepening of only type of project that can be con might possibly be covered. I shall check river channels so that they will not sidered in this bill. with the Army engineers to see if such overflow the farm lands, highways, and Mr. WATKINS. The Senator under streams are included in the general funds city and town areas. stands that the big flood-control projects provided. If they are not, I shall come Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I think in the West have been combined with before the Senate with an amendment. I can answer the Senator's question, if reclamation projects. I am not now I hope the Senate will not finish con the Senator from Tennessee will yield. speaking of that kind of multiple-pur sideration of the bill too quickly. I Mr. McKELLAR. I shall be glad to pose project; I am speaking now only of thank the Senator. yield. the clearing of rivers or streams, the Mr. McKELLAR. The next difference Mr. CHAVEZ. I believe the item in building of levees, and other work that between the Senate bill and the House the bill in which the Senator is inter can be done in the stream itself, without bill is under the heading "New starts.'' ested is the one providing for investiga actually impounding or storing water. The bill as reported provides $33,250, .. tions. Mr. McKELLAR. If the Senator from 000 for the initiation of 17 new projects Mr. WATKINS. The projeCts I have New Mexico will permit me, I may say to under rivers · and harbors and flood in mind have gone further than that the Senator from Utah that there are control, general, for which there are stage. I am interested in appropria three projects for Utah provided in the budget estimates, and $1,722,000 for the tions for actual construction work on bill: One at Magna, Utah, another at Salt initiation of 5 new projects for which flood-preventative measures on streams. Lake City, and another at Spanish Fork, there are no budget estimates. Mr. CHAVEZ. As the Senator from on the Spanish Fork River. In closing I should like to make two Utah well knows, the only place where, at Mr. WATKINS. The last is one of observations: this particular moment, he can get any those I am talking about. Private enterprise, once having deter help in connection with the condition Mr. McKELLAR. They are authorized mined to make a capital outlay for the which I know exists, and has been de projects. expansion of its facilities, provides funds scribed by the Senator from Utah, is Mr. WATKINS. They have been au as rapidly as the contractor can use with reference to some of the projects thorized for some time. them, in order that benefits from the which are multiple-purpose projects. Mr. McKELLAR. If the Senator will outlay of funds may be realized as soon In an appropriation bill which is now come before the committee and produce as possible. That is exactly what the being considered by the Committee on the proper evidence, he certainly will re committee bill proposes. Appropriations, some of the items which ceive consideration on the part of the For example, the House cut $108,100, .. the Senator from Utah has in mind will committee. So far as I am concerned, 000 on 18 power projects. If we do not be approved. I think I may safely say that I believe go ahead with these projects and do not Mr. McKELLAR. I should like to in such projects ought to be constructed, have the power on the line at the dates vite attention to some of the other items and I will do everything I can to have now scheduled, the value of power lost which are included in the bill. On page them provided for. to the Government will be in the neigh .. 32 of the report the Senator ·will find Mr. WATKINS. I thank the Senator. borhood of $89,000,000. Interest charge& reference to an item of $800,000 for I wanted to be sure there was sufficient on the work which is partially completed snagging and clearing, and also an item money in the fund. I should like to on these multiple-purpose projects will of $900,000 for the construction of know if the fund authorized in the bill be about $25,000,000 a year. smaller dams. I do not know whether this year carries an increase over what Not only that, but any Senator who the attention of the Senator from Utah has been previously authorized; or is it has had experience as a member of the has been called to that matter. Did the less? Appropriations Committee knows how Senator appear before the committee? Mr. McKELLAR. It is less than the difficult it is to have projects reinstated Mr. WATKINS. No. Word came to budget estimate, but more than is in after they are once stopped. I certainly me only 2 or 3 days ago. cluded in the House bill. The amount hope the Senate will agree with the ma Mr. McKELLAR. I did not think any provided for small projects is increased jority of the committee that the projects one from Utah had appeared before the over the amount provided by the House. ought to be continued. committee. I assure the Senator that so Mr. WATKINS. It is an increase over Finally, the average annual flood dam long as I am chairman of the committee, the House figure? age in this country between 1924 and or a member of the committee, I shall Mr. McKELLAR. Yes. 1948 was $110,811,975. Very conserva treat Utah exactly as Tennessee, New Mr. WATKINS. Does the Senator be tively, one-fourth of this yearly loss is a York, or any other State is treated. lieve the amount is ample to take care direct loss to the Federal Treasury Mr. WATKINS. The projects to which of other small streams? through income-tax deductions. I am inviting attention have already Mr. McKELLAR. I believe so. I sug In recommending approval of the bill been surveyed and investigated by the gest that if the Senator from Utah will as reported to the Senate, I submit that Army engineers and have been recom communicate with General Chorpening, there are two ways to balance the budget: mended for construction. They are not one of the most efficient men in the First, by reducing expenditures; second, large. Corps of Army Engineers, I believe the by increasing revenues. The bill before Mr. McKELLAR. There is a fund of Senator will have no trouble about re the Senate today will accomplish an in $1,700,000 which can be used. The Sen ceiving consideration. crease in revenues. For that reason, the ator would have to see the Chief of Engi Mr. WATKINS. I may say to the bill should be passed. neers or the Assistant Chief of Engi Senator from Tennessee that the reason Mr. President, I ask that the Senate neers, General Chorpening, as to how he why I am mentioning the matter now is consi'der the first committee amendment. can get a portion of the money for such that I have just received communica The PRESIDING OFFICER. The projects. We have had no evidence from tions ~rom my State with reference to question is on agreeing to the first com Utah, as I recall. those streams. They had not previously mittee amendment, which has been Mr. WATKINS. I think the Army been called to my attention as projects stated. Engineers themselves probably would or which would be for flood control inde .. Mr. SEATON. Mr. President, I suggest should have included in their report or pendent of reclamation. the absence of a quorum. their b:J.dgetary requirements sums to Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator's at.. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sec take care of particular streams. tention should have been called to them retary will call the roll. Mr. CHAVEZ. That might be pos before. The legislative clerk proceeded to call sible. I may say to the Senator from Mr. WATKINS. I realize that. the roll. Utah that the Army Engineers could Mr. McKELLAR. The committee Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi have requested the Budget Bureau to in- would have taken testimony with re- dent, I ask unanimous consent that the 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·- SENATE order for the quorum call be vacated, Senator from Tennessee, [Mr. McKELLAR] and some of the funds contained in this bill and that further proceedings under the the minority leader [Mr. BRIDGES] or some will receive more than absolutely neces one designated by him; and In the case o:f call be dispensed with. any other amendment or motion, by the sary at a time when we are trying to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. mover of any such amendment or motion, save money. GILLETTE in the chair). Is there· ob and the Senator from Tennessee: Provided, The second approach would be for the jection? however, that In the event the Senator from Senate to consider each of these projects Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, in the Tennessee is in favor of any such amend individually and attempt to determine absence of the Senator from Michigan ment or motion, the time in opposition the full value of each with an eye toward [Mr. FERGUSON], I feel constrained to thereto shall be controlled by the minority cutting or even eliminating. Without object. leader or some one designated by him. any doubt this would get us into a Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi As I previously explained, this request wrangle and we might do irreparable dent, will the Senator withhold his ob was presented to the ranking minority damage to the civil-functions program. jection for a moment, while I make an Member of the committee [Mr. FERGU• I suppose objection may be heard explanation? SON], to the acting minority leader [Mr. against curtailment of any part of the Mr. DffiKSEN. Certainly. WELKER], and to the Senator from Illi civil functions programs. I myself have Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. There are nois [Mr. DouGLAS]. I was informed heard the remark passed that, in view four amendments to the bill lying on that the terms of the agreement would of all the money we are sending abroad the desk. After a lengthy conference be satisfactory to them. There are only to rehabilitate foreign lands, we should with the acting minority leader [Mr. four amendments at the desk, and the have no compunctions about spending WELKER J, the Senator from Michigan time set for for those four amendments any amount under the civil-functions [Mr. FERGUSON], and the Senator from was suggested by the author of the programs. Illinois [Mr. DouGLAS], the author of the amendments. I point out that we have reduced the four amendments, we drafted a unani The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there foreign-aid program. I also point out mous-consent request, which was sub objection to the unanimous-consent re that the Senator from New Hampshire mitted to the Senator from Michigan quest submitted by the Senator from voted for and was prepared to support [Mr. FERGUSON], who approved it, to the Texas? The Chair hears none, and it is further reductions in the foreign-aid acting minority leader [Mr. WELKER], so ordered. program because he felt it could be done who approved it, and to the senior Sen The question is on agreeing to the first without any material damage to the pro ator from Illinois [Mr. DouGLAS], who committee amendment. gram. The Senator from New Hamp approved it. I assured them that be Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, on be shire has always favored a sound inter fore we proposed the agreement we half of myself and the Senator from national program, but he realizes that would have a quorum call, because of Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] I move to re there are many duplications and much the possibility that one or two Mem commit the so-called civil functions bill waste in the foreign-aid program. He bers on the other side might object to to the Committee on Appropriations can well understand how we could make such a request being proposed without with instructions that the committee re further cuts in it without any impair a quorum call. The Senators to whom port back a bill amountip.g to not in ex ment of the general objectives of the I have referred have passed on the unan cess of $600,097,230. It is a 10-percent foreign-aid program. Therefore, I would imous-consent request, and it is agree cut from the amount as reported by the eliminate that excuse as any reason for able to all the Senators involved. The committee. not cutting this bill. Senator from Michigan [Mr. FERGU The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I Understand that I will not be very soN] told me that he proposed to make GILLETTE in the chair). The question is popular for approaching the pending bill a motion to recommit the bill with in on agreeing to the motion of the Sen with the suggestion of cutting it. I real structions, and assured me that 45 min ator from New Hampshire. The Senator ize that the committee, headed by the utes would be all that he would require from New Hampshire is recognized for distinguished chairman, the Senator for the discussion of that motion. In 45 minutes. from Tennessee, has worked hard and accordance with his request, we included Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I sub sincerely on the bill. I realize that the that time in the unanimous-consent mit the motion on behalf of the Senator committee has spent long hours and long proposal. The Senator from Texas from Michigan [Mr. FERGusoN] and my days on it, and I pay tribute to the sub would like to propose such a request at self. committee and to the full committee. this time. Mr. President, I am perfectly aware The Committee on Appropriations oper Mr. DIRKSEN. I have no personal that in submitting this motion to the ates under very decided handicaps, with bias in the matter. Senate I am somewhat in the position a lack of a sufficient staff and a lack of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I assure the of being between the devil and the deep opportunity for proper investigation. Senator from Illinois that I have cleared blue sea. But I am faced with the con They heard the evidence and they sub the proposed agreement with all Sena clusion that the drastic discrepancy be mitted a report which in their judgment tors who are interested. tween the totals of the bill as it passed 1s an excellent one. Mr. DffiKSEN. If that is the case, I the House and the recommendation of The Senator from New Hampshire and withdraw my objection. the Appropriations Committee is com the Senator from Michigan, as well as The PRESIDING OFFICER. With pletely at variance with the spirit with some other members of the subcommit out objection, proceedings under the which we have faced other appropria tee, opposed the appropriation in the quorum call are suspended. tions bills during this session. Until we full committee and we offered various Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi were faced with the bill for civil func amendments. One of the amendments dent, I submit the following unanimous tions of the Department of the Army we would have had the effect which would consent request: have maintained a reasonable difference be accomplished by the adoption of my That during the further consideration of between the House figures and our own. motion to recommit. H. R. 7258, the Army Civil Functions Appro As I say, I am somewhat in the middle We offered other amendments. All of priation b111 for 1953, debate be limited as with this motion because in trying to them were rejected by the Committee on follows: ( 1) 1 V:z hours on a motion to re Appropriations. So we proceeded logi commit the bill to the Committee on Ap· bring this individual appropriation bill propriations; (2) 1¥2 hours each on amend in line with the other bills we have ap cally. First we tried to make the cuts in ments D and E intended to be proposed by proved, there would seem to be only two committee. Now, we come to the floor the Senator from Illinois (Mr. DoUGLAS], and methods left open for action. The first of the Senate and offer the Senate the 30 minutes each on motions by the Senator is, of course, the meat ax approach and same opportunity of opposing what we from Illinois to suspend the rule to propose we all avoid that except as the last re opposed in the full committee. amendments Band c to the said blll; (3) 30 sort. Should we suggest a fiat 10 per I believe very sincerely that we must minutes on any other amendment or motion (including appeals): and (4) 1 hour on the cent across-the-board cut, I feel sure economize. We must economize all passage of the bill: Provided, That the time many worthwhile projects which should along the line. I believe I have been ln all cases shall be equally divided and con be completed in fiscal 1953 will be hurt very consistent in that regard. I do not trolled, ln the case of committee amend or unnecessarily delayed while many believe I have varied my view at all. I ments, and the passage o:r the bill, by the projects which could well do withou1i have been in favor of practicall7 every '7588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,_ _SENATE June ·19 economy move that has been made. I of any increase over House figures which percent, I would feel obliged to support hope I shall continue to be so. If there we have voted on otner bills. We re such an approach, on the basis of state are some moves made on the floor which duced some of the bills under the House ments I have made heretofore. I do not think are practical or sound, figures. Op the other hand, I find it very dif· I shall not l ... esitate to oppose them. The amount I have suggested will per· ficult to support a reduction of 10 per However, to date I have been consistent mit an increase of $107,662,330 over the cent over and above the cut or reduction along the line of economy. amount voted by the House of Repre .. of $45,000,000 which already has been I should like to say, Mr. President, that sentatives. The approach we are mak· made. the 'Jill should be recommited to the ing i::1 this matter is a rather generous Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I ap ~ommittee which has made the studies, and sound one. Of course, the question preciate the feeling of the Senator from with instruction from the Senate that is one of judgment as between Senators, South Dakota. the bill be cut back to not over $600,- but it is important that we give most se Nevertheless, the motion has been 097,230, which I think is certainly an rious consideration to this matter. made. So far as I am concerned, I be adequate amount to appropriate in Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I appre lieve the issue is clear. The matter has these times of world stress and while we ciate the generous references the Sen· been very simply stated. I have no rea are straining our own economy. ator from New Hampshire has made to son to prolong the debate, and I am per Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the me personally. In my experience I have fectly willing to have it brought to a con Senator yield? found, at times, that when the Members clusion whenever the distinguished Mr. BRIDGES. I yield. of the House anticipated that the Sen chairman of the committee desires to Mr. CASE. I should like to address ate would, by its action, be a little gen· have that done. a question to the able Senator from New erous, the House Members have been in Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, the Hampshire. Do his figures contemplate clined to make cuts somewhat more se Senator from New Hampshire recalls, I a 10-percent cut in the bill as reported vere than the ones they expected would finally be carried in the bill as enacted know, the great amount of work which by the committee or a 10-percent cut in has been done on this bill. We have the budget estimates? doing so for the sake of what some Mem bers of the House termed "trading stock.'' worked on it since January, I believe Mr. BRIDGES. The motion I am off and on, but most of the time on. A making, I may say to the distinguished The Senator from New Hampshire has great many witnesses have appeared be Senator from South Dakota, would pro participated in a great many confer .. fore the committee, and we have under vide for a 10-percent cut in the bill as ences; and he will understand, I am sure, taken to be fair to all of them and also reported by the committee. the use of the term ''trading stock." to all parts of the Nation. An amendment of that nature was of Mr. BRIDGES. I think the Senator from South Dakota has divulged a secret We have voted to reduce the appro fered in the Committee on Appropria priations carried by the bill by $45,000,- tions. When that amendment was de in respect to the action taken on oc casion by the House of Representatives. 000 under the budget estimates. The feated we offered an amendment to cut amount voted by the committee is larger 5 percent from the bill as reported by Mr. President, in making the motion I am not singling out the civil-functions than the amount voted by the House of the subcommittee. When that amend Representatives, it is true; but the House ment was defeated we finally offered an appropriations as the subject of any special cut in appropriations. This mo of Representatives voted to eliminate all amendment to cut the bill10 percent be appropriations for planning and a great low the budget estimates. Since the to tion is a part of a general movement to tal figure in the bill was already under maintain the fiscal solvency of our coun many of the appropriations for construc the budget figure, it would have made try. When the Senate agrees to allow tion, and the House voted to stop the an additional reduction of 3.4 percent. appropriations in the total amount voted building of a great many projects. We went from 10 to 5 to 3.4, which would by the House of Representatives, plus an The Senator from New Hampshire has have brought the bill to 10 percent un additional $107,000,000, I believe the been chairman of this committee-one of der the budget figure· We were defeated Senate will be very generous. the best chairmen the committee has on all the amendments we offered. On the other hand, if the Senate were ever had. He is a splendid, able man; Mr. CASE. Mr. President, it has been to increase the total by more than $174,- he is a careful and prudent man; he is the position of the junior Senator from 000,000, or an increase of more than 35 a great legislator. I take off my hat to South Dakota that if the bill were cut percent, I believe the Senate would be him. He has done a wonderful work, both in the same proportion as other bills departing somewhat from a sound ap as a member of this committee and as were cut there would be no basis for proach. chairman of the committee. I appeal to complaint on the ground of unfair Mr. CASE. Mr. President, let me say him not to overturn the hard work which treatment. However, when the Sena that no Member of the Senate has has been done by the members of the tor from New Hampshire compares the greater respect than I have for the ab ~ e committee in an earnest endeavor to ar proposed cut in the pending bill with the work the Senator from New Hamps. rive at a reasonable and proper bill. cut made in the foreign aid authoriza does in endeavoring to prevent the r. If the Senator from New Hampshire tion, the comparison breaks down a bit, ing 0f excessive appropriations. He l_ _ .1 will give this matter a little more consid· if the cut is made on the amount re justly say that he has been consistent, eration, I believe he will reach the same ported by the committee and no credit for, so far as I have been able to observe conclusion that a majority of the mem is given for the cuts already made which both since I have been in the Senate and bers of the committee have reached, bring the bill under the budget estimates. befo1·e I served here, the Senator from namely, that the bill is fair, equitable, Mr. BRIDGES. I point out to the New Hampshire has consistently worked and sound. Senator from South Dakota-and I know in an endeavor to hold down the total Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I ap he is very sincere in his approach-that amount of Federal expenditures. preciate the plea of the Senator from of course the Senate has not yet com However, it occurs to me to suggest Tennessee, and I certainly appreciate pleted action on the foreign-aid bill. It that a reduction of 10 percent in budget his words of commendation of me. must still be considered by the Commit items totalling $712,000,000 would As I have said, it has been a pleasure tee on Appropriations. I also point out amount to approximately $71,000,000. to work with him, and I know how hard that on the pending bill we have kept The bm as reported to the Senate is al and how sincerely he works on these in line with the House version of the ready $45,853,000 under the budget esti· bills. bill. The Senator from South Dakota mates. Mr. President, there is a difference of has been a very able Member of the If the proposal of the Senator from opinion between us. Of course, a dif House of Representatives, and while New Hampshire were to have the total ference of opinion is what makes horse serving in the House he was a Member amount provided by the bill constitute a races. I felt a major concern about thfs of the Committee on Appropriations. I reduction of 10 percent in the amount matter because of the very peculiar and know he has stood up and fought for of the budget items, thereby giving credit serious financial status of our country. the House figures many times when he for the $45,000,000 reduction made thus I simply am not willing to have the Sen· served in that body. The bill as reported far, and calling for an additional reduc ate increase by 35.4 percent, or $174,- shows an increase of 35.4 percent over tion of approximately $26,000,000, the 000,000, the appropriation items voted by the House figure, which is far in excess total reduction would then amount to 10 the House of Representatives. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE The 10 percent cut which the motion that very thing. It has carefully con vail. But I should like to say to the dis to recommit carries with it-thus allow sidered every item of the bill. It has tinguished Senator from Michigan that I ing the committee that has studied the studied each item with the greatest of do not believe we can rewrite this bill bill to make the reductions at the points care. The committee has already done very effectively on the floor of the Senate, where it believes it would be most con exactly what the Senator from Michi and that if it should be the judgment of structive to make them-would still gan now proposes to have done, except the Senate-! think it would be a mis· leave the total amount of the bill $107,- that we are now asked to make an over-· take-that the bill should be recom· 000,000 above the amount voted by the all cut, or a lump-sum reduction. mitted to the Appropriations Committee, House of Representatives . . Mr. FERGUSON. I realize that the we might as well forget about adjourn Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I committee did that, and the House did it "ing on July 3. I do not think y.,re would wish to say a few words on the motion. also. But some Senators believe that be able to do it. If the bill is recom· I appreciate the work the distin Members of the House sometimes feel mitted, the Appropriations Committee guished chairman. of the committee has that they can safely make a reduction, will have to go through the whole bill, done on this appropriation bill. At one because of their belief that the Senate item by item. In my judgment that time I served on the subcommittee which will increase the appropriations. I have would considerably delay any prospect has reported the bill, and I know the heard Representatives say that the rea of adjournment. number of hours of work required to be son for calling the Senate the "upper Hearings have not been completed on done by the committee on a bill of this House" is because we are always "up the foreign-aid bill, and several other kind. The total amount of work re ping" appropriations. Members of the appropriation bills have not yet been re· quired is enormous. House know we can do that. ported by the committee. The m€mbers Mr. McKELLAR. We have had wit Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will of the Appropriations Committee are all nesses from all over the country. the Senator yield? serving on more than one subcommittee, Mr. FERGUSON. That is correct. Mr. FERGUSON. I yield to the Sen as the distinguished and able Senator Mr. President, I realize that if we can ator from Kansas. from Michigan well realizes. spend such great amounts of money Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I should like to ask Therefore I think that the Senate abroad, we should be able to spend ade the distinguished Senator from Michi should at least give some weight to the quate amounts of money here at home. gan whether it is not true that the Ap fact that the Appropriations Committee I simply am fearful that if we are not propriations Committee of the Senate has held prolonged hearings on the bill, careful we shall regard the money we has still kept considerably below the . and should consider what the general are spending abroad-some of it being budget estimate? While the amount tactical situation would be were we to spent for our common defense-as an recommended by the Senate committee start recommitting appropriation bills excuse and a reason for not trying to do may be rp.uch higher than the amount to the committee. our level best to economize here at home. provided by the House, is it not also true that there is such a disparity between Mr. McKELLAR. If I may interrupt Of course we should appropriate suf the Senator from California at that ficient funds for the things we need. the action of the House and the action of the Senate Appropriations Committee, point, I may say it took a week to mark The pending motion is not a motion up this bill after numerous hearings had against flood control or a motion against that this bill must inevitably go to con ference, and that many adjustments been held. I have the volume of hear rivers arid harbors. The motion would ings in my hand, which shows how much simply provide that we act in accord could be made in conference more readily than on the floor of the Senate? .testimony was taken on this one single ance with our capacity. bill. Were it to be recommitted, it This bill contains appropriation items Mr. FERGUSON. One of the greatest fallacies in the thinking on the part of would take a week to mark up the bill for 52 new projects or new modifications again, since it would be necessary to go of existing projects. · The bill contains Members of Congress is the idea that figures, rather than language, should at over every item of it. In that event, as only 15 appropriation items for projects the Senator from California has said so which will be completed as a result of the times be worked out in conference. I know that at times amounts are tenta well, we might as well give up hope of appropriations carried in the bill. That adjournment on July 3. I sincerely is why we are asking that the cuts not tively placed in bills, either in the House or in the Senate, with the thought that hope that the Senate will not recommit be made on the floor of the Senate, for the bill. We have done the very best we realize that no matter how skillful they can be taken to conference and some sort of compromise reached. In we could. We have tried to be fair to the surgeon may be, he cannot "operate" every witness, to every interest, and to well on the floor of the Senate. Such my opinion, we should not proceed in that manner at this time. every State of the Union in the prepa action would be similar to that of a ration of this bill. I am sure that both surgeon who attempted to perform a Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question? the Senator from Michigan and the Sen major operation on a street corner, ator from New Hampshire will agree rather than in the surgical room of a Mr. FERGUSON. I am glad to yield to the Senator from California. that that has been done. Let us not re good hospital, where he would have the commit the bill. Let us vote it up or proper instruments and facilities. Mr. KNOWLAND. AJ3 a member of the subcommittee which conducted hear vote it down, and let it go at that. We have confidence in the subcom Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, mittee and in the full committee, but I ings on this bill, as the able Senator from believe that the committee should take Tennessee has indicated, over a period will the Senator from Michigan yield for figures which I believe the Senate should of several months, with hundreds of a question? consider to be the amount we can afford witnesses appearing before us, I should Mr. FERGUSON. I yield to the Sen to spend this year, and that, if the com like to say that I think any member of ator from Arkansas. mittee were to reconsider the matter, ap that committee would be the last person Mr. McCLELLAN. Is it the purpose plying their skill and their wisdom, and to say that this is a perfect piece of legis .. of the distinguished Senator from Mich exercise their right of consultation with lation. But I do say, in line with there igan to propose a 10-percent cut below the department, they could perform this marks of the Senator from Kansas, that the budget estimates? Is that the objec delicate operation. If the Senate should obviously it will be necessary that this tive he seeks before the ultimate passage make an over-all reduction of 10 per bill go to conference. .Obviously, the fig .. of this bill? cent in each item, or should take 20 per ure finally agreed upon will be consider .. Mr. FERGUSON. No. The desire cent from one project and 10 percent ably below the Senate figure. I think the now is to reduce the figure of $666,000,- from another, lacking the necessary skill action taken by the Senate committee can be amply justified. In the Senate 000 by 10 percent. on our part, we could do great harm to Mr. McCLELLAN. If that were done, this bill. Appropriations Committee, both in the Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will full committee and in the subcommittee, what would be the cut percentagewise the Senator yield? · I had made a motion or a suggestion below the budget estimates? Mr. FERGUSON. I am glad to yield along the line of that of the Senator Mr. FERGUSON. I shall endeavor to to the Senator from Tennessee. from South Dakota [Mr. CAsE], that the figure that. Mr. McKELLAR. The difficulty is amount of reduction be 10 percent under Mr. McKELLAR. It would be slightly that the committee has already done the budget. That motion did not pre- more than 10 percent; would it not! 7590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE June 19 Mr. FERGUSON. I shall have to de- · any appropriation bill. No Senator can The PRESIDING OFFICER. The termine the percentage it would be be come to the Senate floor and get any clerk will call the roll. low the budget estimates. pleasure out of opposing his committee The legislative clerk proceeded to call Mr. McCLELLAN. If I may ask the or advocating the cutting of any of the the roll. Senator a further question, does he en appropriations. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask tertain any doubt whatever that, when Mr. CHAVEZ. Is the Senator from unanimous consent that the suggestion the bill is reported from conference, Michigan willing now to have cut from of the absence of a quorum may be with with the reductions already made by the the bill the amount which was appro drawn, that the order for the call of the Senate below the budget figures, there priated to take care of the Great Lakes? roll may be rescinded, and that further will be a 10-percent reduction below the Mr. FERGUSON. I do not believe proceedings under the call be dispensed budget when the bill is finally passed? there is anything in the bill to take care with. · Mr. FERGUSON. I hope that will be of the Great Lakes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without true. Mr. CHAVEZ. Yes; there is some objection, it is so ordered. Mr. McCLELLAN. Does not the Sen thing in the bill about it. The question is on agreeing to the mo ator feel confident that in conference Mr. FERGUSON. There is an item tion of the Senator from New Hamp the other 3-percent reduction would be under planning. shire [Mr. BRIDGES], for himself and the made? Mr. CHAVEZ. That is correct. Senator from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON], Mr. FERGUSON. That would only be Mr. FERGUSON. It is in connection to recommit the bill to the Committee on a reduction of 3.6 percent below the with States which border on the Great Appropriations, with instructions. present figure. Lakes, for a survey as to controlling the Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I ask Mr: McCLELLAN. In other words, if level of the Great Lakes. It would for the yeas and nays. in conference we were to lose 3.6 per amount to approximately $350,000. The yeas and nays were ordered and cent of the amount now in the bill, that Mr. CHAVEZ. I think it is a good th~ legislative clerk called the roll. would effect a 10-percent reduction be· idea. Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce low the budget; would it not? Mr. FERGUSON. I now state upon that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Mr. FERGUSON. That is correct. the floor that I should be glad if the item BENTON], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. Mr. McCLELLAN. These projects could be cut the same amount or more BYRD], the Senator from Texas [Mr. and improvements are so vital that if than the cut in other items. The survey CoNNALLY], the Senator from Colorado we arrive at a figure 10 percent below is essential for all the States which bor [Mr. JOHNSON], the Senator from Ari the budget estimates in our final action der on the Great Lakes, but the appro zona [Mr. McFARLAND], and the Senator upon this bill, we shall certainly have priation is $350,000 out of a total of from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] are practiced economy in the face of the $666,774,699, with a plann~ng fund, absent on official business. need for and the urgency of the con alone, of $2,285,000. So the State of The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE struct ~ on of many of these improve Michigan, together with the other States FAUVER], the Senator from South Caro ments. in the Great Lakes region, would have in lina [Mr. MAYBANKJ, and the Senator Mr. FERGUSON. The figure about this bill an item of $350,000 out of a pos from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] are absent which the Senator inquiries would be sible planning fund of $2,285,000. by leave of the Senate. approximately 15 percent under the Mr. CHAVEZ. I think I under The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. budget. stand-- McMAHON] is absent because of illness. Mr. McCLELLAN. The reduction Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator asked I announce further that the Senator would be 15 percent? me about the cut. from South Carolina [Mr. MAYBANKJ is Mr. FERGUSON. Yes, instead of 10 Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the paired on this vote with the senator from percent. We are asking to start at 10 Senator yield further? Ohio [Mr. BRICKER]. If present and percent below the amount recommended Mr. FERGUSON. , I shall be glad to voting, the Senator from South Carolina by the committee, and begin on that yield. would vote "nay," and the Senator from basis to negotiate with the House. Mr. CHAVEZ. The only difference Ohio would vote "yea." Mr. McCLELLAN. Does not the Sen between the Senator from New Mexico The Senator from Arizona [Mr. Mc ator from Michigan realize that if we and the Senator from Michigan is that FARLAND] is paired on thl.s vote with the reduce it 15 percent, the reduction has the Senator from Michigan is looking at Senator from Ohio (J'A:r. TAFT]. If pres got to come between what the House it from the standpoint of cutting a cer ent and voting, the Senator from Ari appropriated and the 15 percent, and we tain percentage from the total item, and zona would vote "nay," and the Senator will finally wind up with a reduction the Senator from New Mexico thinks from Ohio would vote "yea." under the budget of around 20 percent that the Great Lakes project is so im Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that instead of the 15 percent now proposed? portant that the committee did not al the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. BuT Mr. FERGUSON. Of course, we who low half enough to do the work that LER] is absent because of the death of advocate the motion think that would should be done in the State of Michigan. his brother. be a good thing. Mr. McKELLAR. It will take at least The Senator from Washington [Mr. Mr. McCLELLAN. Some S~matQ.fS twice that amount, and it will require a CAIN] and the Senator from North Da may think so. 2-year period for the purpose of making kota [Mr. YouNG] are absent by leave Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the the investigation. I think it should be of the Senate. Eenator from Michigan yield? done. The Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARL Mr. FERGUSON. I yield. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, in SON], the Senator from Massachusetts Mr. CHAVEZ. After the committee the light of the present economic condi [Mr. LoDGE], and the Senators from Ohio its;;lf reduced the amount more than 6 tions in the United States, and in con [Mr. TAFT and Mr. BRICKER] are neces percent below the budget figures, why nection with our over-all preparedness sarily absent. did not the Senator from Michigan un program, I think we would be doing the The Senator from North Dakota [l\Ir. dertake in the committee to cut the right thing if we took 10 percent from LANGER] is absent on official business. amount 10 percent? appropriations recommended by the The Senator from Indiana [Mr. JENNER] Mr. FERGUSON. We tried that in committee, which would make the total is detained on official business. the committee, but we failed. about15 percent below the budget figure, If present and voting, the Senator Mr. CHAVEZ. The Senator, who and make that a starting point in the from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] would knows more than the other members ot negotiation with the House conferees. vote "yea." the committee, would cut it 10 percent If we started at 15 percent we would ar On this vote the Senator from Ohio more? rive at a just figure. [Mr. BRICKER] is paired with the Senator Mr. FERGUSON. No; the Senator . Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I do from South Carolina [Mr. MAYBANK]. from Michigan does not claim to know not desire to speak any further. If there If present and voting, the Senator from more than the other members of the is any Senator on our side who wants to Ohio would vote "yea," and the Senator committee. He is submitting the ques speak I shall be glad to yield. If not, from South Carolina would vote "nay." tion to the Senate. . We know how un I suggest the absence of a quorum, so On this vote the Senator from Ohio popular it is to try to cut anything from that we may vote on the question. [Mr. TAFT] is paired with the Senator 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE .7591 from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND]. If of the two Houses thereon, and that Mr. Mr. SALTONSTALL. But the bene present and voting, the Senator from WHITTEN, Mr. HEDRICK, Mr. MARSHALL, fits go to the citizens of a State before Ohio would vote "yea," and the Senator Mr. CANNON, Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN, Mr. the time when the .State acts. from Arizona would vote "nay." HoRAN, and Mr. TABER were appointed Mr. GEORGE. Provided the State af The result was announced-yeas 27, managers on the part of the House at firmatively acts. nays 50, as follows: the conference. • Mr. SALTONSTALL. If it acts nega YEAB-27 tively at that time-which presumably it Aiken Ferguson O'Conor would not do-what happens to the bene Bennett Flanders Robertson AMENDMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY fits which have been received in the Brewster Hendrickson Saltonstall ACT RELATING TO EFFECTIVE meantime? Does the Federal Govern Bridges Hickenlooper Smith, Maine DATESOFAGREEMENTSENTEREQ Butler, Md. Ives Smith, N.J. ment bear the entire expense? Dirksen Martin Watkins INTO WITH STATES Mr. GEORGE. There would be no Douglas Millikin Welker expense. If a State does not affirma Dworshak Moody Wiley Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, from Ecton Morse Williams the Committee on Finance, I report fa tively act, its employees are not brought under the act, and we do not receive any NAYB-50 vorably, without am{mdment, the bill ill merely extends for 1 year the having met, after full and free conference, time in which they may act. have agreed to recommend and do recom 677) to fix the personnel strength of the mend to their respective Houses, as follows·: United States Marine Corps, and to es Mr. SALTONSTALL. So their citi That the Senate recede from its disagree tablish the relationship of the Comman zens will receive the benefits in the mean ment to the amendment of the House and dant of the Marine Corps to the Joint time. Assuming that a State does not agree to the same with an amendment as Chiefs of Staff. act at the time set, what happens? follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be The message further announced that Mr. GEORG-E. Its employees would inserted by the House amendment insert the the House had agreed to the report of not be covered. Under the Social Se following: the committee of conference on the dis curity Act of 1950, as amended, about "That the first sentence of section 206 (c} 1,400,000 employees and citizens of the of the National Security Act of 1947 is here agreeing votes of the two Houses on the by amended to read as follows: 'The United amendments of the Senate to the bill States who were not covered under any States Marine Corps, within the Department Louisiana in as paragraph: DouGLAS] is present, and this affects a. suring the Senator from Iowa, and other " 'The Commandant of the Marine Corps Senators who may feel as he does on shali indicate to the Chairman of the Joint statement which he made before a com Chiefs of Staff any matter scheduled for con mittee, which statement gave me some the question he has raised, that that sideration by the Joint Chiefs of Staff which disturbance, and because I supported subject, to the best of my knowledge, directly concerns the United States Marine the original bill, I should like to ask did not come up in the hearings or in any Corps. Unless the Secretary of Defense, whether anything contained in the con of the executive discussions concerning upon request from the Chairman of the Joint ference report or in the bill constitutes the bill. As a member of the conference Chiefs of Staff for a determination, deter the Marine Corps as a force which the committee, I may say to the Senator mines that such matter does not concern the from Iowa that we worked very hard to United States Marine Corps, the Comman President could use at his whim or dis dant of the Marine Corps shall meet with cretion at any spot in the world and get the bill in such form that it would the Joint Chiefs of Staff when such matter under any circumstances if he should so not increase, or put a floor under, any is under consideration by them and on such desire. of the Armed Forces. I believe the bill occasion and with respect to such matter The reason I ask the question is, with is in much better form today than it the Commandant of the Marine Corps shall all courtesy to the Senator from Illinois, was when it passed the Senate, and cer have co-equal status with the members of tainly it is 100 percent better than the the Joint Chiefs of Staff.' that as I understood his statement be "SEc. 3. Section 2 (b) of the Act of April fore one of the committees, it was to the bill that passed the House. 18, 1946 (60 Stat. 92) is hereby repealed." effect that if the bill were passed it would Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the And the House agree to the same. give the President a force to use any Senator yield? EsTES KEFAUVER, where in the world and under such cir Mr. LONG. I yield. JoHN C. STENNIS, cumstances as he saw fit, if he so desired. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, on the RUSSELL LoNG, I want to clear up that point, because point raised by the Senator from Iowa, LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, which I think is a very important point, RALPH E. FLANDERS, I would not support either the bill or Managers on the Part of the Senate. the conference report if it created any as one of the conferees I would say that authority in the President to throw the such a concept is entirely foreign to the CARL VINSON, intendment and purpose of the bill. The OVERTON BROOKS, marines into conflicts all over the world CARL T. DURHAM, at his whim. whole substance of the bill is directed to DEWEY SHORT, I should like to have the Senator from the end of giving certain assured power LEsLIE C. ARENDS, Louisiana make completely clear that and strength to the Marine Corps as a Managers on the Part of the House. particular point in the bill. part of the fighting forces of our armed Mr. LONG. The bill does not add services. That is the extent of it, and no The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there anything to the existing authority of the other concept is involved. objection to the present consideration of President to use the Marine Corps or Mr. LONG. Mr. President, Senators the conference report? any other armed force of our Govern will recall that, so far as the Korean sit There being no objection, the Senate ment. I suspect that the rather loose uation is concerned, it was not the Ma proceeded to consider the report. language in the House report might have rine Corps but certain divisions of the Mr. LONG. Mr. President, from the caused some apprehension. Some of the Army which first went to the scene. Senate point of view, I believe this was language could be interpreted to mean What we wish to do is to make certain a successful conference. The Senate that the bill would create a strong force that there will be a Marine Corps and version of the bill provided that the capable of occupying advanced bases and that it will not be whittled down to such United States Marine Corps should have going to the scene of trouble anywhere insignificant size that it would be in four divisions and that the strength in the world. If it did what the Sen capable of materially assisting our Na- . should be not more than 400,000. It also ator from Iowa apparently fears I tion in defending itself and in meeting provided that the Commandant of the would not support the bill. serious emergencies. Marine Corps should be a consultant to Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I should like Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, as one the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and that he to make clear that I do not want to cur of the original sponsors of the bill, I wish should have a voice in all matters con tail or cut down the proper and legiti to congratulate the committee, particu cerning the Marine Corps. mate strength of our military forces larly the members of the subcommittee, The House version of the bill provided needed to protect, in the traditional for their excellent work on the measure. that the Commandant of the Marine form, worthy American interests which They have worked very hard and with Corps should be a member of the Joint need protection, as we understand the great care. They have tried to reconcile Chiefs of Staff, and that the strength of term "protection." the different views and opinions on the the Marine Corps should be three divi However, I did not want a provision of bill, and I believe they have done a mag sions and three air wings, and not less the bill to enlarge the theory of the nificent job. As one of the sponsors of than 220,000 men. President's powers whimsically to assign the bill-and I feel I can speak for many It seemed to the Senate conferees that and deploy troops in foreign ventures of its other sponsors also-! wish to a floor of 220,000 men would be too great, under all circumstances, as he may see thank the committee. because in time of greater security this fit. I want to make that point fully· The bill does two very important Nation might not need such a large force. clear. things. It prevents the elimination of Therefore, the Senate conferees insisted Mr. LONG. I agree with the Senator the Marine Corps as a combat organiza on striking the floor of 220,000. We ac from Iowa, and I assure him that so far tion by any action of the Joint Chiefs of cepted the provision that there should as we have been able to determine, there Staff. It is a well-known fact that in the be three divisions and three air wings in is nothing contained in the bill which past many leaders of our Armed Forces, the Marine Corps, and that the Com would in any way broaden the authority particularly those attached to the Army mandant of the Marine Corps should of the President. and Air Force, have wished to subordi meet with the Joint Chiefs of Staff on all Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I should like nate the Marine Corps as a combat or matters involving the Marine Corps; also to go a step further. It is not so much ganization and to confine its work to the that when there was a difference of opin that there may be something in the bill beaches and to ship-to-shore move ion as to whether or not the Marine which might broaden the authority of ments. It is also well known that the Corps was involved, the Secretary of De the President. Does it in any way, Commandant has not been consulted in fense should determine whether or not standing alone and without any other matters relating to the Marine Corps. a particular matter involved the Marine previous authority, create or place any The bill creates three divisions and three Corps. I believe this is somewhat less, such authority in the President? air wings. It provides that the Com even, than the Senate bill initially pro Mr. LONG. No; it does not. mandant of the Marine Corps shall meet vided, and I hope there will be no objec Mr. HICKENLOOPER. With that as with the Joint Chiefs of Staff unless for tion to the conference report. surance, I have no objection to the con bidden to do so by the Secretary of De Mr. IDCKENLOOPER. Mr. Presi ference report. fense. I believe the conference report is dent, will the Senator yield for a ques Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, a very happy reconciliation of the two tion? will the Senator yield? bills, and I again congratulate the Mr. LONG. Certainly. Mr. LONG. I yield. committee. 1952 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7593 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953, and printed c;luring a recess of Congress shall be SMATHERS in the chair) . The question for other purposes. printed, with lllustrations, as documents of is on agreeing to the report. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the next succeeding session of Congressi to Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the question is on agreeirtg to the first com remain available until expended, $2,635,000: Provided, That no part of this appropriation Senator from Louisiana yield? mi~tee . amendment, on page 3, line 2. shall be expended in the conduct of activi Mr. LONG. I yield. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I have ties which are not authorized by law: Pro Mr. CASE. The comment made by an objection to the committee amend vided further, That the expenditure of funds the able Senator from Illinois [Mr. ment on pages 6 and 7, but not to this tor completing the necessary surveys and DoUGLAS], himself a distinguished mem committee amendment. plans and specifications shall not be con- . ber of the Marine Corps, has answered The PRESIDING OFFICER. The strued as a commitment of the Government some questions which I had in mind. I Senator from Illinois is advised that the to the construction of any project: Pr ovided further, That from this appropriation not t o should like to ask one or two questions of Senate is considering the first committee exceed $2,000,000 shall be avallable for trans the Senator from Louisiana. Will the amendment. fer to the Secretary of the Interior for ex Senator state what the bill does with re Mr. DOUGLAS. That is on page 3, as penditure for the purposes of and in ac gard to the Marine Corps as of the pres I understand. ·cordance with the provisions of the act of ent day? Does it augment or decrease The PRESIDING OF"FFCER. On page August 8, 1946 (16 U. S. C. 756) and t he act the Marine Corps as it stands today? 3, line 2. of August 14, 1946. Mr. LONG. It would keep it about as Mr. DOUGLAS. I have no objection CONSTRUCTION it is. to that amendment. For construction of authorized rivers and Mr. CASE. Does it protect it in that The .PRESIDING OFFICER. With harbors projects or parts thereof and for position? out objection, the first committee amend other related activities as may be authorized Mr. LONG. It is conceivable that as a ment is agreed to. by law, to remain available until expended, part of general policy, the Navy, the The clerk will state the next commit $117,710,000. Army, and the Marine Corps might at tee amendment. OPERATION AND MAINTEN ANCE some future date be reduced in strength The next amendment was, under the For the preservation, operation and main and that some divisions might be main heading "Corps of Engineers," on pa ge tenance of existing rivers and harbors projects tained at less than full strength. If that 3, after line 17, to strike out: or parts thereof and of other related activi ties, as authorized by law; for prevention Of were the case, the Marine Corps could For carrying out the civil functions of obstructive and injurious deposits within the be maintained on the same proportion the Corps of Engineers as provided in the harbor and adjacent water of New York City; ate basis as other forces. various :flood.control and rivers and harbors for removing sunken vessels or craft ob Mr. CASE. The proportion would be acts and other acts applicable to that agency, structing or endangering navigation as au as follows: protected and maintained? thorized by law; for surveys of northern Mr. LONG. Yes. The Marine Corps And insert: and northwestern lakes and other boundary and connecting waters as heretofore author would be assured that no policy, if rec .. RIVERS AND HARBORS AND FLOOD Korean war after the first of They cut the total figure submitted to ments on specific items, I am told, "Those July were not included. It is now ap them by the Bureau of the Budget by specific items are most necessary for the parent that these costs will continue, $188,000,000. In other words, they made safety and defense of this Nation and and if they continue at the rate at which a cut of approximately 30 percent. I for its economic growth." they have run in the past there will be congratulate the House of Representa .. The amendment which I offer now, in a further expenditure of about $5,000,· tives for the general program of econ its initial form, merely calls for a reduc 000,000 for that item alone. omy they have carried into effect. Per· tion of $100,000,000. It would give to the HUGE IMPENDING DEFICITS haps here and there they may have Army engineers the power of making It is furthermore apparent that a. eliminated a project which was worthy, reductions where they thought it would supplementary request will be made to and in some·cases I believe they included be most advisable to make them. Congress for added appropriations for projects which were not particularly · To indicate that I am not merely talk the Air Force and for air base con· worthy; but, on the whole the House of ing through my hat and that the figure 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7595 of $100,000,000 is not picked out of the all other appropriations which Illinois Apparently . the administration is not air, I shall, even though it is somewhat will get, because this bill does not carry willing to do anything much about recla dangerous from a parliamentary stand· one dollar of appropriation for Utah. mation in Utah. We cannot even get point, descend into the lowlands and Mr. DOUGLAS. I had not thought from the administration an estimate for name some specific projects which I think there were any great rivers running a simple project calling for $1,350,000, should be eliminated. The way in which through Utah. even though that project is in a defense I would recommend the $100,000,000 re· Mr. WATKINS. We have some that area. · duction be made is set forth on pages go on rampage and do tremendous For the upper Colorado storage and 7454-7456 of the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD damage. The Senator from Illinois related projects, we could not even get of June 18. should have been there this spring when the Secretary of the Interior to send the I want to sound off by taking a project I was there, and should have seen the report of the Reclamation Bureau to in my own State of Illinois, because it is homes and the farms which were washed Congress, as is provided for under the very easy to cut projects in other States, out by the floods. reclamation law. Even if that project but to think that your own projects are Mr. DOUGLAS. I believe the State were authorized today, it might be 10 extremely important. of Utah will have its turn when the rec· years before its construction would be EVEN GOOD PROGRAMS MUST BE REDUCED lamation bill and the flood-control fea· begun. tures of this bill come before the Senate So I join with the Senator from Illi I should like to call attention to the and when we deal with the waters run· nois in his desire to achieve economy; dam and locks which extend between ning off the Wasatch Mountains into the but if he· wishes to put Illinois on the Keokuk, Iowa, and Hamilton, Ill. It is Great Salt Lake. However, the items same basis as other States, including called the Keokuk Dam, but it might carried in this section of the bill deal Utah, it will be necessary to cut the items equally well be termed the Hamilton with communications by waterway to the in the bill much more than the Senator Dam, because Keokuk is just opposite sea, and I had never thought that Utah Hancock County in my State. from Illinois is attempting to cut them. I think probably this is one of the best had water communications with either Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I think projects in the bill. The river traffic on the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean. the Senator will find that I have favored the Mississippi is large. As I recall, 4,· ·Mr. WATKINS. The Government re· foreign-aid reductions in previous years. 000,000 tons of traffic a year go through g-ards one of the rivers in Utah as a also. the lock. The lock· was originally built navigable river. The Government has I know something about the history of taken the position that if a stream is the Colorado River. I believe that in the in 1913. The concrete is deteriorating, usable by any type of boat, the stream and it is said that the lock is not ade· old days the boats used to go to what is is a navigable one, and thus comes with· now Yuma, but I never heard of boats quate for the longer boats which are in the jurisdiction of the Federal Gov· coming on the Mississippi. going up through the Grand Canyon or ernment. 'beyond the Grand Canyon. Only seven Yet the House omitted an appropria· · Mr. DOUGLAS. I believe my good tion for this purpose. The ultimate cost have gone up and only a few canoes have friend, the Senator from Utah, is build· been able to ·come down through the of the new lock is $18,000,000, and the ing up his case for the Wasatch project, initial estimate for the coming year is rapids. The upper Colorado River cer ·which is included in the reclamation bill, tainly is not navigable, whereas the rivers $2,500,000 of the $18,000,000. under the Department of the Interior. The Senate committee voted to re· in Illinois are navigable; and, as is said Mr. WATKINS. No. Let me say that in our State song, they are "gently flow· store the $2,500,000 Budget estimate. I have voted with the Senator from Illi· In view of the many projects of an ing," and they certainly do not have the nois for the cuts he has proposed, and rapidity of flow the upper Colorado River extremely doubtful nature which the I votP.d to recommit the bill, and I have committee voted to include in the bill, if has. voted with the Senator from Illinois at Mr. President, I submit this initial rec that is the committee's standard of com· other times. parison and if certain other projects are ommendation simply to show my good Mr. DOUGLAS. That is true. ·faith. I have made a rough computa to be included, I believe the Keokuk Mr. WATKINS. But I have never Hamilton Lock certainly should be in· tion, and it shows that the effect of this seen the Senator from Illinois vote with proposal, if it is adopted, will mean a eluded. us when it came to cutting the appro But I do not believe the other_projects much larger .cut, . percentagewise, for priations for reclamation projects in Eu· Illinois than · would be made for the should be included. Since one should rope or Africa 01 other foreign lands. be willing to take for himself the medi country as a whole by the cuts which I Mr. DO-UGLAS. I ask the Senator to ·shall propose. · cine he dishes out for others, I am going wait a minute, please; the memory of to suggest that the item for this lock and INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, JACKSONVILLE TO my good friend is not so good as it should MIAMI, FLA. dam be omitted from the bill for the be. If he will examine the record for coming year, or that we make a cut in this year he will find that I voted for a I am very glad to see in the ·chamber the amount of $2,500,000. In other cut of $1,500,000,000 in foreign aid, my good and amiable friend the junior words, I make a votive offering to the ·although that proposal was defeated; -Senator from Florida [Mr. SMATHERS] .. other Senators, as I proceed to urge and I then voted for a cut of $1,400,000,- because I should like to discuss the intra· cuts in the appropriations for projects in . 000; and I also voted for the successful coastal waterway running between Jack their States, I want them to know that cut of '$1,200,000,000. sonville and Miami, the estimated total first I urge the making of a cut in the Mr. WATKINS. I am glad the Sena cost of which is $26,000,000, to provide a appropriations for projects in my own tor from Illinois did so this year. I may channel 125 feet wide and 12 feet deep State, and I am perfectly willing to have have had in mind the other years when between those two cities. my own State treated just as rigorously we tried to have such cuts made, but had There is already in existence a channel as is any other State. not yet converted him. He seemed to 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep which runs Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, will have established a line of conduct on between those cities. The allotment to the Senator from Illinois yield to me? foreign-project appropriations which it date has been $10,000,000 . . The 1953 Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. is difficult for me to forget. I am glad budget estimate was $2,200,000. The Mr. \VATKINS. _ How much will .Illi· to know of his conversion, and I appre House cut that item to $2,000,000. The nois get after the appropriation for this ciate his efforts to remove from these Senate committee has recommended project is eliminated? bills any of the fat that should be re that the amount voted by the House be Mr. DOUGLAS. I have not figured moved. retained. that up. I have not made a computation Recently I made an investigation, from I would suggest that this item be elimi in terms of specific States. which I found that under the Marshall nated entirely. My reason for suggest Mr. WATKINS. Will Illinois receive plan, the ECA, and the various other for ing its entire elimination is that there any appropriation? eign relief and aid programs for over· already is an 8-foot channel to Miami, Mr. DOUGLAS. Oh, yes. There will seas areas we have authorized or have and there is a 12-foot channel from Jack be a moderate amount of about a. mil· spent $1,800,000,000 on reclamation and sonville to New Smyrna. Now it is pro- lion dollars for rivers-and-harbors work. power projects in Europe, Asia, and · posed that this further appropriation be Mr. WATKINS. Then the Senator Africa. I wish to call the attention of made to continue the 12-foot channel to from Illinois should move to strike out the Senator from Illinois to that fact. Cocoa and Banana. XCVIII-478 ~596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 'June ·19 Mr. President, I have examined tb;e and you only had. an s.foot depth at Cana• ment in the repair of the river and in the figures in regard to the traffic on this veral Harbor. Has there been any effort construction of the works along the river. made to try and get a deepening ot the '!'his .is like the island in the Orkneys, magnificent coastal highway. Accord Canaveral Harbor? ing to the figures of the Army engineers, · General CHORPENING. Well, as I recall it. whose inhabitants were said to make a. which will be found at pages 65-68 of last year there was· a request xnade for some very respectable living by taking in each the House hearings, the traffic on this work at Canaveral. It was in the budget. other's washing. The chief business on intracoastal waterway bas been dimin but it was not allowed by the House. There the Missouri River consists of the boats ishing. From 1900 to 1945 it was ~P were certain conditions of local cooperation of the Army engineers, carrying sand proximately 400,000 tons a year-wbtch Which we learned after testifying here, would s.nd gravel for their work. not be complied with, so we did not ask for On the upper Missouri the conditions is not a large figure-one-tenth of the restoration of the funds. traffic carried through the Keokuk Lake. Mr. Fo.ao. And tbe needs for Canaveral are even worse. I have before me the In 1949 and in 1950 it fell to a little more were not included last year nor in ·this figures for the calendar year 1950. Total than 200,000 tons a year, or virtually current budget? traffic from Kansas City to Sioux City nalf what it had been theretofore. Gene!'al CaoaPENING. That is correct. was 869,000 tons, 181,000 tons of which Deepening to 12 feet the channel from }.!r. FoRD. You are not asking for funds for was commercial traffic and 686,000 tons Jacksonville to Miami is not-necessary Canaveral Harbor this year? Government traffic. Eighty percent of for the Air Force at Canaveral H~rbor, General CHORPENING. That is correct. the tramc therefore was the traffic of because the harbor there, according to So that if I did fall into a grievous the Army engineers themselves. When the Army engineers, is only 8 feet deep, error, it was an error shared by General the work of construction is over, there and no requests have been made to deep .. Chorpening of the Army Engineers wben will not be many barges moving up and en it. In short, the result of the inclu they were testifying, as late as the winter down the Missouri River. sion of this item in the blll would be that of this year. Mr. President, yesterday the St. Law there would be a 12-foot channel with an Furthermore, navigation facilities are rence project was rejected by the votes s.foot harbor. On the other hand, per.. already available. The proposal would of many Senators who are keen for im haps the 12-foot channel would simply merely permit bigger barges to move on provements on the Missouri and on the be a come-on for a future request for a an existing waterway. Mr. President, Arkansas and on the Mississippi. It 12-foot harbor. that is merely an indication of how this was rejected although it would have paid Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will waterway could be deferred. It could for itself; it would have been self.liqui .. the Senator from Illinoi$ yield to me? easily be postponed. dating, But no; it was not thought to . Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. I hasten to be a sumciently meritorious project. DE:MOPOt.IS LOCK ~~p ~AM, AJ;..A. state that I did not realize that the sen Yet we c~n spend hundreds and hun.. ior Senator from Florida was also pres. There is another project which might dreds of millions of dollars of Govern .ent, or I would have included him in be postponed, namely, the Demopolis lock ment money to construct 9·foot chan the tribute I paid to the junior Senator and dam, in Alabama, the cost of which nels and 12-foot channels for traffic from Florida. · will be approximately $21,000,000. The which will never move and from which Mr. HOLLAND. I thank the Senator allotment to date has been $7,40'0,000. the Federal Government will never col from Illinois for his tribute, which I did The 1953 budget estimate is $5,500,000. lect a dollar of revenue. not hear; but I am sure it was a warm .That was cut by the House to $5,000,000, Mr. President, this is a complete error one. and by the Senate, to $4,500,000. I think as to what is worth while for the Gov Mr. DOUGLAS. I referred to the it might very well be entirely omitted. ernment to undertake. Not a cent for junior Senator from Florida as "my This is a project to improve an already the St. Lawrence, not a cent for a proj amiable friend, the junior Senator. from existing waterway. The channel is now ect which would be seif-liquidating, but ·Florida." I now expand that tribute by in use and 2,600,000 tons were shipped hundreds of millions of dollars to try including the senior Senator from Flor over it in 1950. The benefit-cost ratio is to construct 9-foot channels-and it is ida, to whom 1 refer at this time as my not stated in House hearings, but General dubious whether the amount of water very amiable friend. Chorpening agreed that it was low. is sufilcient to float craft_even in the Mr. HOLLAND. Tbe reason for my Since navigation facilities are already 9-foot channels-for transportation and interruption, for which :I apologize- available,_ further improvement of this traffic which will never move. Mr. DOUGLAS. No, I am delighted ·project can easily be postponed. The The appropriation, specifically before to have the Senator from Florida do so. new locks, which are to be covered in the · the Senate, is apparently a bank-stabili.. Mr. HOLLAND. The reason for my appropriation bill, are in the planning zation project. But it is tied up with interruption is that the Senator from stage, so that work already in place will the navigation project. It is intended Illinois was about to fall into very griev not be hurt by postponement. to restore the channels of navigation. ous error 1n stating that the depth of the MISSO'tml J:tlVER NAVIGATION IMPROVIME:NTS It 1s not a flood.control item: it is for Canaveral Harbor is ·only· 8 feet. The Mr. President, another project where navigation, the feasibility of which is engineers have just completed deepen we could make economies is that for highly questionable. It has previously ing it to 27 feet, with connection into the bank stabilization and channel rectifica been postponed in periods of financial Atlantic Ocean at that depth; and I tion of the river banks of the upper stress, and it can again be postponed. wculd not want the Senator's statement Missouri River, from Kansas City to Let me now return to the lower Mis in error to go unchallenged. .Sioux CitY. Iowa. · The total cost of this souri River. from Kansas City to the Mr. DOUGLAS. I shall hunt up the project is $179,000,000. There has been mouth of the river at St. Louis. To date authority for the figures I gave. I shall allotted to date approximately $107,000, .. ·there has been allotted to this project cite it in a moment. 000. The 1953 budget estimate is $5, .. $91,400,000. The 1953 budget estimate Let me say that in 1948, of the 35,000 00'),000, which the House cut to $4,250, .. was $3,50.0,000. That was a cut of 30 motor vessels using the intracoastal 000, and which. the Senate committee percent in the House, but restored to waterway, 32,000 of them drew less than raised to $5,000,000. I think we could $3,500,000 by the Senate committee. In 4 feet. Of the 2,200 barges which used postpone th.is project. my judgment it should be omitted. This the waterway, less than 10 percent of . This Missouri River navigation project is · also a navigation project. Accord them . or only about 200, drew more than is going to be an example of throwing ing to General Chorpening, it has noth 6 feet. money down a d__rain pipe. It cost the ing to do with :flood control. No work So the waterway is already sufficientlY Government $116,000,000 to construct was done on this project during World deep to take care of the overwhelming the 9-foot channel from St. ·Louis to proportion of the traffic there. War IL In 1950, over half of the ton Kansas City. FoQr lines of railway could nage shipped consisted of material for The senior Senator from Florida bas have been built between St. Louis and just said there is a 27 -.foot harbor at Kansas City for the same amount, and the construction of rivers and harbors. Canaveral. I now :read from the hear the freight could have been carried free ARKANaAs JUVER ings this year before the Subcommittee for tbe cost of this waterway. In the Mr. President, I now turn to Arkansas, on Civil Functions of the House Appro last year of which I have record, there and I hope that my good friend, the Sen priations Committee, at page 68: was moved only approximately 800,000 . ator from Arkansas [Mr. McCLELLAN] Mr. FoRD. Last year it was brought out tons of freight, of which more than half will be here when I speak about this. that you wanted a 12-foot depth to cocoa was sand and gravel used by the Govern- I know the Arkansas River project is 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7597 dear to the hearts of some of my col project, the money provided for in this in that condition. What are we going leagues. item is money to stabilize banks, so that to do about it? Allow more land to be Mr. McCLELLAN. Let the RECORD if the day ever comes when it is advisable lost forever, or are we going to act on the show that the Senator from Arkansas to build an over-all navigation project, basis of its being a permanent project, is present. there will be that much permanent work on which money can be spent for a Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes, I understand. done. permanent purpose and without waste? I wanted to notify the Senator from The Senator from Illinois has referred Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I Arkansas who was leaving the chamber to some one wading across the Arkansas should like to point out that the total of what I was about to say, so that I River. I would not question any state- budget estimates for this project were would not be speaking in his absence. ment which may have been made to him $4,000,000. The House provided $2,000, Mr. McCLELLAN. I appreciate that, by some one in whom he has great con- 000. but I did want the RECORD to show that fidence, but I will say to the Senator that Mr. McCLELLAN. Oh, no. Let us I was present. the same person would tell him there correct that. The Bureau of the Budget Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the are other times when it takes a steam- submitted an original estimate of only Arkansas River project, for which au ship or an airplane to get across the $2,000,000, and the House granted that thorization has been made, will ulti river, because there are times when tre- amount. The $2,000,000 was for projects mately entail the expenditure of $800,- mendous floods occur and great damage started last year which are now in 000,000, at a minimum. Even the done when they occur. There are mar- process of construction. The Bureau of Army engineers, who are most liberal in velous fertile lands in the valley, and the Budget submitted an estimate of their estimates of benefits, who always they are being eroded by floods and being $2,000,000 to continue those projects tend to overestimate benefits and to carried away and forever lost. The proj- only. Subsequently, the Bureau of the pad the figures of indirect benefits, and ect is not only to protect investments al- Budget submitted an estimate for an who always underestimate costs-even ready made by local interests, and by the other $2,000,000 for other projects. The the Army engineers have a ratio of Federal Government, in levees, so as to last figure was not before the House benefit to cost of only 1.05. protect the fertile lands, the industries, when it considered the bill. I submit that before the Arkansas the pipelines and gas lines that cross the Mr. DOUGLAS. I was coming to project is completed it will cost infinitely river to feed eastern industry, but these that. Certainly it is true that the more than the benefit derived from it. are emergency funds which are absolute- Senate committee increased the House I know we always take a great deal of ly necessary now-not day after tomor- :figure by $5,000,000. pride in our native rivers. Running row, but now-if we are going to protect Mr. McCLELLAN. And the budget water has a great fascination for us. the investment, the wealth, the values figure by $3,000,000. I challenge any The prospective toot of the steamboat placed there by nature; and the indus- Senator to read the record and not whistle has a tendency to capture our tries and improvements made by private agree that it is one of the strongest imagination. We are proud of our enterprise and by the Federal Govern- cases ever made out before a flood-con streams in Illinois, the Illinois River, ment itself. trol committee or an Appropriations the Rock River, the Fox River, and so Mr. President, it is all right to talk Committee. on. Therefore, I hope my friend from about a great navigation project which Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will Arkansas will not think I am indulging we hope some day may be fully realized, the Senator from Illinois yield? in sectionalism if I mention the depth but not a dollar of these funds are pri- Mr. DOUGLAS. I am glad to yield ·of the Arkansas River. marily for the purpose of a navigation to my amiable and well-beloved col Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, will project, but they are for the purpose of league from Tennessee. the Senator from Illinois yield? doing the prudent thing, the thing that Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator from Mr. DOUGLAS. First let me intro is a moral obligation upon the part of Illinois made a statement a while ago duce a brief statement. I should lilce to the Government, since it has taken over which I think he would want to correct. read from page ·63 of the· House hear those levees, to strengthen them and He said that many of us from "down ings. Speaking of the depth of the to protect them. There are already south" had voted against the st. Law Arkansas River from the mouth of the breaches in the levees. The Government renee seaway. river to Fort Smith, 373 miles, it is is authorized to set back levees and throw.. , Mr. DOUGLAS. I give the senator stated as follows: more fertile lands into the river. What from Tennessee credit for voting in Three feet or more for 4 months and less we are trying to do is to save the land, favor of the st. Lawrence seaway. than 3 feet for 8 months. to save the levees, so that we shall not Mr. McKELLAR. I thank the. sena spend money uselessly and lose more of tor. There were several other Senators Mr. President, it is no disparagement our natural resources-but will be able from the South who voted in favor of either of the State of Arkansas or of the to preserve them and make them more the st. Lawrence seaway. Arkansas River if I say that for two productive. Mr. DOUGLAS. I thank them very thirds of the year the depth of the river Mr. DOUGLAS. Let me say in reply much, and I only wish that their virtue is less than 3 feet. Are we going to to my good friend from Arkansas, for were more widespread and more con make a great artery of commerce and whom I have great admiration, that I tagious amongst their geographic neigh navigation out of the Arkansas' River? should like to quote from General Chor- bors. Are we going to have steamboats going pening, on page 64 of the House hearings. Mr. McKELLAR. I know 'the Senator up and down that river when for two First, I quote a statement made by Mr. would not want to make a mistake of thirds of. the year there is a depth of Ford: that kind. less than 3 feet of water in the river? This emergency bank stabilization can be Mr. KERR. Mr. President, will the It has not been my privilege to have allocated benefitwise to what part of the Senator yield? walked across the Arkansas River, but valuation? 1 d t 1 ld t 'friends have testified to me, and I think General CHORPENING. It would have bene- Mr. DOUGLAS. I am g a ·o y e 0 they are truthful people, that they have fits of general bank stabilization. It would my friend, the expert ''needier'' from waded across the Arkansas River at cer have benefits eventually in the savings in Oklahoma. tain periods of the year without getting transportation charges because, certainly, if Mr. KERR. Does not the Senator their knees wet. we can stabilize some portion of the channel from Illinois think that if he wants to now it will be helpful at such time as we give something to the Senator from Ten- I now yield to the Senator from Ar go ahead with the navigation project. nessee, it should be other than what he kansas. Mr. McCLELLAN. In the first place, I Mr. McCLELLAN. That is correct. has just referred to? Because in view of am sure the Senator from Illinois wants Mr. DOUGLAS. In other words, it is the fact the Senator from Tennessee to be fair, and, in the second place, I obvious that the Army engineers voted for that project, would he not, as know that if the Senator had studied the thought-- a matter of right, be entitled to that project he must be aware that while it is Mr. McCLELLAN. The expenditure of credit? classified as a navigation project, there the money actually fits in with the long- Mr. DOUGLAS. Oh, certainly. .are many elements of flood control in range program. A levee is broken and Mr. KERR. Will the Senator yield volved. While the work is listed under the damage is done, because of the cav- further? rivers and harbors and as a navigation ing of the banks. Two of them are now Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. 759.8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD=:.SENATE June 19 Mr. KERR. If the Senator from Illi The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unless this year's appropriation were nois desired to be generous in giving time of the Senator from Illinois has made available for completion of the something, it would have to be something expired. effort begun 2 years ago, and begun else. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I could solely at the request of the Air Force, Mr. DOUGLAS. That is true, but I continue in some detail. However, if and under certification by the President am ::1ot pretending to be generous. It is Senators Will look at the CONGRESSIONAL that it was essential in the national very hard for a Scotchman to be gener REcORD for yesterday, they will find the defense. ous, but he can be just. other justifications which I have ad I have here the justification submitted Mr. KERR. When he is just, would vanced. I merely give these to indicate by the Department of the Army at the he call the attention of the Senate to it? that a cut of $100,000,000 would be per Senate and the House hearings. It ends Mr. DOUGLAS. We will let Senators fectly feasible. with the words, and the Senator may find that out for themselves. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The see them- JIM WOODRUFF DAM, FLA. Senator from Tennessee is recognized The President has certified this improve Mr. President, I am afraid I must re for 45 minutes. ment as being important to the national turn to the subject which concerns my Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I defense, and the matter is predicated wholly friend, the Senator from Florida, and shall not use 45 minutes. I merely wish upon that purpose and its fulfillment. take up the Jim Woodruff Dam. Some to say that a few minutes ago the Senate Before leaving that project, I wish to times this project is justified on the basis rejected a proposal to cut $66,000,000 remind the Senate that Canaveral Har of navigation; sometimes it is justified on from the whole bill. The Senator from bor has been recently completed to a the basis of power. Its ftood control Illinois proposes a cut of $100,000,000 depth of 27 feet, and $1,100,000 of local benefits are negligible. The cost is going on rivers and harbors only, just a por money was added to Federal money for to be quite large. The ultimate cost is tion of the bill. Surely the Senate, hav that purpose. Regardless of the good estimated as $46,000,000. The allotment ing voted against a cut of $66,ooo;ooo intentions of the distinguished Senator to date is $21,000,000. The Bureau of with respect to the whole bill, would from Illinois, apparently he has not been the Budget estimated $11,300,000 for not vote for a cut of $100,000,000 on the advised that such is the case. 1953. The House cut that amount to rivers and harbors section of the bill. Mr. DOUGLAS. Was General Chor $11,000,000. I desire to congratulate the Mr. President, I yield back the re pening in error? Senate committee on cutting the figure mainder of my time. Mr. HOLLAND. General Chorpening to $10,300,000. But, in my judgment, Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will was in error, because the harbor has the whole sum could be omitted entirely. the Senator yield? been built to a depth of 27 feet. I have Mr. President, an examination of the Mr. McKELLAR. I yield to the Sen seen it, and I know a great deal about House hearings discloses that appar ator from Florida. this harbor which I am sure the dis ently this lock dam taken by itself is Mr. HOLLAND. I thank the Senator. tinguished Senator from Illinois does not not of great value. It is a part of a The PRESIDING OFFICER. How know. four-dam system, including Buford Dam, much time does the Senator from Ten If it is necessary to unload 12-foot in Georgia, Fort Benning Dam, and one nessee yield to the Senator from Florida? barges on the Cocoa side, the cargoes other dain. If we consider the system Mr. McKELLAR. How much time can still reach the guided-missile base as a whole, the Army engineers have a does the Senator from Florida request? simply by being transported a few miles benefit-to-cost ratio of only 1.12-one Mr. HOLLAND. Six minutes. across the peninsula-on a very fine high and one-eighth. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The way. So the completion of the project As the Senate well knows, the Army Senator from Florida is recognized for to Cocoa does fulfill the defense purpose, engineers always estimate benefits very 6 minutes. certified as such 2 years ago. What is high. They tend to overstate the in Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I now provided for is the last link of that direct benefits. The over-all costs are wish to speak very briefty for my col particular purpose and its fulfillment. invariably greater than the original esti league and myself about the two Florida Mr. President, with respect to the Jim mates of costs. Yet, with their most items that have been mentioned. I am Woodruff Dam, the Senator from Illinois liberal estimates, the engineers have sorry that time will not permit my pre- is correct in saying that in comparison come forward with a combined ratio of . senting the facts as to some other items, with great projects elsewhere in the Na one and one-eighth to one. That is for but I do happen to know about the two tion this may not be a great project from the four dams taken as a whole. Florida items, and should like to make the standpoint of the amount of electri At page 70 of the House hearings, part a brief statement as to them. cal energy which it will supply. It will I, there appears the following: First, with reference to the item of supply only 30,000 kilowatts. However, Mr. RABAUT. Is the Jim Woodruff lock and deepening the intracoastal waterway as we view it in our part of the country, dam economically self-sufficient? from Jacksonville down to Cocoa or the that is a large project. Thi.s stream hap General CHORPENING. Jim Woodruff Dam is Banana River guided-missile base, one pens to be about the only interstate part of the comprehensive plan on the Chat• of the great military installations of the stream ftowing through Florida which is tahoochee River, and it requires all four dams Nation, the Senator from Illinois de susceptible of hydroelectric development. to make it fully effective. The answer is that scribed that particular project at some It is the first of several projects in this the Jim Woodruff Dam by itself is not eco length, but he failed to say that all the nomically justified because there will be only basin which vitally affect not only our partial benefits from the navigation features way through the justifications, from the own State, but also Georgia and Ala and only direct navigation up to that point. time the project was begun 2 years ago, bama. It is now nearing completion. I It takes the remainder of the dams to get it has been predicated entirely upon de have before me the justification of the the maximum benefits. · fense. engineers, which shows that the project In other words, the project is not eco For instance, at page 65 of the House as a whole is 46 percent completed now, nomically justified. What about the hearings this year, General Chorpening, and that so far as the construction and power features? The initial production testifying about this project, stated: the building of machinery is concerned, of power will be 10,000 kilowatts, as I General CHORPENING. This project calls for it is much more than half completed, be understand, or the initial · installation the widening and deepening of the Intra cause a large part of the appropria coastal Waterway all the way to Miami. At tion for this year and for next year will will provide 10,000 kilowatts. I think it this time we are only proposing to extend will be found that the unit cost for instal be for the clearing of the area to be the waterway to Cocoa, Fla., and it is being covered by the waters which will be lation will be extremely high_much high asked for and being done as a defense meas er than the national average in capital ure at the request of the Air Force which impounded. investment per kilowatt. The capacity has a guided-missile base at Cape Canaveral, Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will of the Jim Woodruff Dam would be less Fla. The funds we are asking for this year the Senator yield? than 1 percent of the present installed will complete the work of deepening and Mr. HOLLAND. I yield if I may have electrical capacity of Georgia, Alabama, widening the channel to Cocoa, Fla. a couple of minutes more. and Florida, according to a statement The Senator from Illinois did not state Mr. DOUGLAS. I shall be very glad furnished in the House hearings, at that the appropriations of the last 2 to have the Senator yield on my time. page 75. years would have been completely idle Mr. HOLLAND. I am happy to yield. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7599 Mr. DOUGLAS. Were the Army engi will allow material to be brought all the kota [Mr. LANGER] are absent on official neers correct in stating, on page 75 of way from Newark, N. J., down to the business. part 1 of the House hearings, that the guided-missile base. At present it must If present and voting, the Senator capacity of the Jim Woodruff Dam is be transshipped somewhere up the line, from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER) and the Sena about eight-tenths of 1 -percent of the and loaded on smaller barges. tor from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] total capacity presently installed in the I am sorry that the Senator from Illi would each vote ''yea." surrounding States of Georgia, Alabama, nois attacks the only two river-and-har On this vote the Senator from Ohio and Florida? bor projects which the State of Florida [Mr. TAFT] is paired with the Senator Mr. HOLLAND. I have no reason to has in the bill. Both of them are defense from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND]. If pres doubt the accuracy of their statement, projects, and with respect to _both of ent and voting, the Senator from Ohio but the 30,000 kilowatts made available them he undoubtedly has not taken oc would vote "yea" and the Senator from in that area have a tremendous meaning casion to inform himself, or he would Arizona would vote "nay." to the 10 or 12 rural electric coopera not have made this attack upon them. The result was announced-yeas 22, tives which are eagerly awaiting the day Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the nays 56, as follows: when they can obtain that electric Senator from Tennessee yield to me for YEAS-22 power. Thirty thousand kilowatts are the purpose of submitting certain Aiken Hunt Smith, Maine not to be sneezed at, even in this day and amendments? Brewster Ives Smith, N.J. Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. Bridges Jenner Tobey time, particularly when our investment Douglas Martin Welker is more than half made, and when the Mr. CORDON. On behalf of the Sen Dwor~hak Moody Wlley date of cloture is the first of October ator from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] I Ferguson O'Conor Williams am sending to the desk two amendments Flanders Robertson next year, which will be possible of ful Frear Saltonstall fillment even with the reduced appro intended to be proposed by the Senator priation. from Michigan for himself and the Sen NAYs-56 ator from New Hampshire [Mr. Anderson Hickenlooper McKellar Perhaps it is difficult for the Senator Bennett Hill Millikin from Illinois to understand, but we have BRIDGES]. Butler, Md. Hoey Monroney repeatedly made it clear that we do not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Capehart Holland Morse amendments will lie on the table and Case Humphrey Mundt wish to go further with these projects Chavez Johnson, Colo. Murray than is necessary to fulfill the demands be printed. Clements Johnson, Tex. Neely . of the Armed Forces. So far as the Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I Connally Johnston, S.C. Nixon Cocoa project is concerned, the Budget yield back the remainder of my time, and Cordon Kern Pastore ask for the yeas and nays. Eastland Kerr Schoeppel submitted a request for $2,200,000. The Ecton Kilgore Seaton House cut it to $2,000,000. I read from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ellender Kn'Jwland Smathers page 635 of the Senate hearings: question is on agreeing to the amend Fulbright Lehman Smith, N. C. ment of the Senator from Illinois [Mr. George Long Sparkman Senator HoLLAND. Are you able to say for Gillette Magnuson Stennis the record at this time whether the addi DouGLAS] to the committee amendment Green Malone Thye tional $200,000 which was cut off by the on page 7, line 9. Upon this question the Hayden McCarran Underwood yeas and nays have been demanded. Is Hendrickson McCarthy Watkins House is needed to complete the project? Hennings McClellan General CHORPENING. It will not be the demand sufficiently seconded? needed, sir. We have checked that very care The yeas and nays were ordered, and NOT VOTING-18 fully, and the $2,000,000 will complete this the legislative clerk called the roll. Benton Dirksen McFarland work. Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce Bricker Duff McMahon Senator HOLLAND. I stand by my state Butler, Nebr. Kefauver O'Mahoney that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Byrd Langer Russell ment. On the strength of the statement BENTON], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. Cain Lodge Taft made by the engineers that they can com Carlson Maybank Young plete the work to the guided-missiles base for BYRD], the Senator from Arizona [Mr. $2,000,000, we will not ask for the restora McFARLAND], and the Senator from Wyo So Mr. DouGLAs' amendment to the tion of the $200,000 I referred to. ming [Mr. O'MAHONEYJ are absent on committee amendment on page 7, line 9, official business. was rejected. In the case of the Jim Woodruff proj The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I call ect we stood for a reduction of $1,ooo: KEFAUVER], the Senator from South up my amendment to the same commit OOO, because the engirleers stated at the Carolina [Mr. MAYBANKJ, and the Sena tee amendment. hearing before the Senate committee tor from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] are ab The PRESIDING OFFICER The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. HOUSE AMENDMENT Senator from Michigan will state it. MARTIN] and the Senator from Kansas The amendment offered by Mr. SA.D Mr. FERGUSON. Instead of beirig [Mr. ScHOEPPEL] are detained on official I.AK and adopted by the House to sec able to reduce this figure in the amount business. tion 101 of the Defense Production Act of $12,829,100, as proposed by an amend If present and voting, the Senator of 1950, as amended, is amended by add ment which now is at the desk, the pend from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER], the Senator ing at the end thereof the following: ing amendment to the committee amend from Pennsylvania [Mr. MARTIN], the When all requirements for the national ment, if adopted, would increase this Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. defense, for the stockpiling of critical and item by approximately $8,000,000; is that LODGE], and the Senator from Ohio [Mr. strategic materials, and for military assist correct? . TAFT] would each vote "nay." ance to any foreign nation authorized by The PRESIDING OFFICER. If the The result was announced-yeas 24, any act of Congress have been met through pending amendment to the committee nays 48, as follows: allocations and priorities it shall be the pol amendment is adopted, that will be cor icy of the United States to encourage the YEA8-24 maximum supply of raw materials for the rect. Aiken' Hickenlooper Long civilian economy, including small business, Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, a Capehart Hill Malone thus increasing employment opportunities parliamentary inquiry. . Clements Humphrey McCarran Eastland Hunt Mundt and minimizing inflationary pressures. No The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ecton Joh!lson, Colo. Murray authority granted under this act may be used Senator from California will state it. Ellender Johnston, S.C. Neely to limit the domestic consumption of any Mr. KNOWLAND. Has the Chair George Kerr Seaton material in order to restrict total United stated that the yeas and nays have been Gillette Lehman Smith, N.C. States consumption to an amount fixed by ordered? NAYs-48 the International Materials Conference. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Anderson Hennings Nixon ESSENCE OF AMENDMENT Chair stated that apparently there was Bennett Hoey O'Corior Brewster Holland Pastore Sadlak, of Connecticut, amendment a sufficient second of the request for the Bridges Ives Robertson adopted by a teller vote of 162 to 102- yeas and nays. Butler, Md. Jenner Saltonstall denies authority to limit the domestic Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Case Johnson, Tex. Smathers Cordon Kern Smith, Maine consumption of any material in order to suggest the absence of a quorum. Douglas Kilp:ore Smith, N.J. restrict total United States consumption The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Dworshak Knowland Stennis to an amount fixed by the International Ferguson Magnuson Thye Materials Conference after meeting re clerk will call the roll. Flanders McCarthy Tobey The legislative clerk proceeded. to call Frear McClellan Underwood quirements of national defense, stock the roll. Fulbright Millikin Watkins piling, and military assistance to foreign Green Monroney Welker nations. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ask Hayden Moody Wiley unanimous consent that the order for a Hendrickson Morse Williams A SADISTIC BRAINSTORM OF THE STATE quorum call be rescinded and that fur DEPARTMENT ther proceedings under the call be dis NOT VOTING-24 Benton Dirksen McKellar Mr. President, the International Ma pensed with. Bricker Duff McMahon terials Conference-a sadistic brainstorm The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Butler, Nebr. Kefauver O'Mahoney of the State Department-designed to objection to the request of the Senator Byrd Langer Russell Cain Lodge Schoeppel take the place of the ill-fated Inter from California? The Chair hears none, Carlson Martin Sparkman national Trade Organization to distrib and it is so ordered. The question is on Chavez Maybank Taft ute the markets and production of this agreeing to the amendment of the Sen Connally McFarland Young Nation with the low living standard ator from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE]. The So Mr. GILLETTE's amendment to the countries of the world. yeas and nays having been ordered, the committee amendment was rejected. THREE-PART, 19-YEAR-OLD PROGRAM clerk will call the roll. The administration's 3-part, 19-year ·The legislative clerk called the roll. ELIMINATION OF AUTHORITY OF old program to destroy the workingman Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce and investors through the division of the that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS CON markets and production of this Nation BENTON], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. FERENCE FROM DEFENSE PRO moved a step nearer realization through BYRD], the Senator from New Mexico DUCTION ACT-AMENDMENT TO Senate approval of the International [Mr. CHAVEZ], the Senator from Texas H. R. 8210 Materials Conference, the third part of [Mr. CoNNALLY], the Senator from Ari the program. zona [Mr. McFARLAND], the Senator from Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I have Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY], and the just been informed that the House, HOUSE TO BE COMMENDED Senator from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN] through the Sadlak-Republican, Con The House is to be commended for are absent on official business. necticut--amendment has eliminated the their refusal to put into the hands of The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. authority of the International Materials the low wage living standard nations of KEFAUVER], the Senator front South Car Conference from the Defense Production Europe and Asia the power to arbitrarily olina [Mr. MAYBANKJ , and the Senator Act by a vote of 162 to 102, and I want to control the production and to divide the from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] are absent congratulate the House on its common markets of this Nation. by leave of the Senate. sense action. The first two parts of the 19-year pro The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. RECOGNIZING INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS gram to destroy the American working McMAHON] is absent because of illness. CONFERENCE man and investors are the 1934 Recipro Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that The Fulbright-Democrat, Arkansas cal Trades Act-free trade-and the the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. BuTLER] amendment to the Senate Defense Pro continued foreign aid starting with is absent because of the death of his duction Act recognized the International lend-lease and UNRRA to the Marshall brother. Materials Conference-a creature of the plan, ECA, point 4, and mutual security. The Senator from Washington [Mr. State Department-as the official body to make up the trade balance deficits CAIN] and the Senator from North Da to divide the available markets and pro until such time as our markets can be kota [Mr. YoUNG] are absent by leave of duction between the nations of the divided with the nations of the world. the Senate. world on the basis of need. DIVIDE OUR MARKETS AND PRODUCTION The Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARL CIVIL FUNCTIONS, DEPARTMENT soN], the Senator from Illinois [Mr.1 The objective of distributing the pro DIRKSEN], the Senator from Massachu duction and employment of this Nation OF THE ARMY APPROPRIATIONS, setts [Mr. LoDGE], and the Senators from among the countries of the world on the 1953 Ohio [Mr. TAFT and Mr. BRICKER] are basis of need is accomplished through The Senate resumed the consideration necessarily absent. the simple expedient of allocating or of the bill Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRJ, and the Sena Cain Lodge Taft best judgment. If the Senate proposes tor from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] Carlson •· Maybank Young to have $12,000,000 allocated in that way, are absent on official business. So the amendment offered by Mr. FER why not let the whole $600,000,000 be The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. GUSON for himself and Mr. BRIDGES to the allocated in similar fashion? I do not KEFAUVER], the Senator from South committee amendment was rejected. see the force of the Senator's reasoning Carolina [Mr. MAYBANK], and the Sena The PRESIDING OFFICER Mr. CAPEHART. Therefore, it would The amendment, as amended, was M~NANCE be impossible to have a levee without agreed to. For expenses necessary for maintenance such an arrangement. Is that correct? The PRESIDING OFFICER~ The of flood-control works or parts thereof and Mr. UNDERWOOD. The Senator is clerk will state the next committee other related activities in accordance with entirely correct. It is absolutely essen· the provisions of the Flood Control Act, ap amendment. proved May 15, 1928, as amended (33 U.S. C. tial. The next amendment was, on page 11, 702a), $14,827,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The after line 19, to strike out: EMERGENCIES question is on the amendment of the EMERGENCIES Senator from Kentucky [Mr; UNDER· For rescue work and for repair or main For rescue work and for repair, restora tenance of any flood-control work on any wooD] to the committee amendment. tion, or maintenance of any flood-control The amendment to the amendment tributaries of the Mississippi River threat work threatened or destroyed by flood in ened or destroyed by flood, in accordance was agreed to. accordance with section 210 of the Flood with section 9 of the Flood Control Act, ap The amendment, as amended, was Control Act of 1950 (33 U. S. C. 701n), proved June 15, 1936 (33 U. S. C. 702g-i), agreed to. $8,000,000, to remain available until ex $250,000. pended. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill is ADMINISTRATION open to further amendment. And in lieu thereof to insert: For necessary expenses of general admln· Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, Flood control, general, emergencies: For tstration and related functions in the Office since we are on the flood-control section rescue work and for repair, restoration, or of the Chief of Engineers, $193,000. of the bill, I should like to ask the distin maintenance of any flood-control work guished chairman of the Appropriations threatened or destroyed by flood in accord And in lieu thereof to insert: Committee, who is in charge of the bill, ance with section 210 of the Flood Control Flood control, Mississippi River and tribu a question. The report, insofar as it Act of 1950 (Public Law 516, approved May taries: For expenses necessary for' prosecut pertains to the $10,000,000 item I have 17, 1950, 33 U. S. C. 701n), $8,000,000, to ing work of flood control in accordance with remain available until expended. the provisions of the Flood Control Act, ap in mind, has this notation on page 21: proved May 15, 1928, as amended (33 U.S. C. An appropriation of $10,000,000 is recom · The amendment was agreed to. 702a), $62,020,000. mended for flood-control works in connec The next amendment was, on page 12, tion with the Tuttle Creek Reservoir, Big after line 6, to strike out: The amendment was agreed to. Blue River, Kans .. with the understanding The next amendment was, on page 14, that the dam wJll be operated as a dry dam, ADMINISTRATION after line 23, to insert: without either power or recreational features. For necessary expenses of general admin istration and related functions in the Office Flood control on tributaries of Mississippi I want to say to the able Senator from of the Chief of Engineers; for expenses of River, emergencies: For rescue work and for Tennessee that I thoroughly agree with the California Debris Commission in carrying repair or maintenance of any flood-control the statement in the report, but I want on the work authorized by the act approved work on any tributaries of the Mississippi to make doubly sure that there will he March 1, 1893, as amended (33 U. S. C. 661, River threatened or destroyed by flood, in no conservation pool back of the dam or 678, and 683) ; for expenses of the Board of accordance with section 9 of the Flood Con Engineers for rivers and harbors; for ex trol Act, approved June 15, 1936 (33 U. S. C. a head of water that will be used for 'l02g-1)' $500,000. navigation. There has been some con penses of the Beach Erosion Board; for mis cellaneous inspections, issuance of permits, The amendment was agreed to. troversy about the extent of inundation harbor lines, commercial statistics and con of lands back of the reservoir. If the tingencies, $3,008,000: Provided, That not to The next amendment was, on page 15, statement set forth in the report is ad exceed $1,665,000 shall be available for the after line 4, to strike out: . hered to, it will meet practically all the services of such civilian personnel as the SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. objections which have been manifested Secretary of the Army may deem necessary For prosecuting work of flood control, in that area. I want to be doubly sure to be employed ·in the Office of the Chief of Sacramento River, Calif., in accordance with that there is to be no conservation pool Engineers, to carry into effect the various ap the provisions of the act approved March 1, or head of water to be utilized for navi propriations for rivers and harbors and flood 1917, as amended (33 U. S. C. 703, 704; 50 control, surveys, and preparation for and the Stat. 849; 55 Stat. 638-651), $1,000,000. gation purposes. consideration of river and harbor and flood Mr. McKELLAR. We were assured control estimates and bills: Provided further# And in lieu thereat to insert: that it would be used purely for a pool to That not to exceed $5,000 of the amount Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif.: catch the waters and let them out when herein appropriated shall be available for the For prosecuting work of flood control, SJ.cra it is dry below, and keep the waters high support and maintenance of the Permanent mento River, C&lif., in accordance with the only when there is a wet spell. lnternational Commission of the Congresses provisions of the act approved March 1, 1917. Mr. SCHOEPPEL. If I correctly, un of Navigation and for the payment of the as amended (33 U. s. C. 703, 704; 50 Stat. derstand the able Senator-- expenses of the properly accredited delegates 849; 55 Stat. 638-651), $1,000,000. Mr. McKELLAR. I do not know that of the United States to the meeting of the I have stated it properly, but it is nothing Congresses and of the Commission. The amendment was agreed to. but a pool; it is not for navigation and ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I not for power. It is purely to catch the Appropriations to the Corps of Engineers have an amendment at the clerk's desk, waters, as I have stated. shall be available for the purchase of not to which I wish to call up. Mr. SCHOEPPEL. The type of con exceed 200 passenger motor vehicles for re The PRESIDING OFFICER. The placement only in the current fiscal year and clerk will state the amendment of the struction was to be such that it could hire of passenger motor vehicles and purchase be constructed as quickly as possible, of one motor boat (to be acquired from sur Senator from 'Oklahoma. consistent with the capacity of the river plus stock where practicable) and the main The CHIEF CLERK. On page 15, after below the dam when the water im tenance, repair, and operation of aircraft; line 14, it is proposed to insert the pounded there was to be let out. the various appropriations for the Corps of following: Mr. McKELLAR. That is correct. Engineers may be used for examination of Two percent of the funds appropriated Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, will the estimates of appropriations in the field; not herein for flood control shall be transferred f;)enator yield? to exceed $150,000 shall be available for the to the Secretary of Agriculture for use in employment of consultants as authorized by accordance with the Flood Control Aet, ap Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I yield. law (5 u. S. c. 55a, Public Law 516, 81st Mr. HAYDEN. I think I have the same proved June 22, 1936 (Public Law 738), as Cong.); the reservoir formed by the Blakely amended and supplemented, on authorized understanding as the Senator has, that Mountain Dam, Ark., shall hereafter be projects for construction of flood-prevention the primary purpose of the dam was to designated as "Lake Ouachita," and the reser works in accordance with the provisiOllS of take the peak off the flood so it could not voir formed by the Narrows Dam, Ark., shall laws relating to the activities of the Depart do damage to the ·lands below the dam; hereafter be designated as "Lake Greeson." m ent of Agriculture. but the channel below was to be kept FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND full of water continuously. The idea TRIBUTARIES The PRESIDING OFFICER. The was to take the peak of the flood off and CONSTRUCTION Chair would say to the Senator from let the water down as quickly as possible For construction of flood-control works or Oklahoma that his amendment is not at after .that. parts thereof and for other related activities the moment in order. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in accordance with the provisions of the Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, it is question is on agreeing to the com· Flood Control Act, approved May 15, 1928, in the nature of an amendment to the mittee amendment, as amended. as amended (33 U.S. C. 702a), $44,335,000. committee amendment. on page 15., 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7607 Would it not be in order to amend the Mr. CAPEHART. I refer to the lan Mr. CAPEHART. My point is that un next committee amendment? guage of the amendment; til Congress settles the matter, why The PRESIDING OFFICER. The For engineering and economic investiga should the money be spent for the pur Chair would advise the Senator from tions, pending authorizatio;n for construc pose stated in the wording of the amend Oklahoma that the amendment is not at tion, of projects for development and utiliza ment? I call attention to the fact that this time in order. tion of the waters of the Niagara River, the wording is, "pending authorization Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I $900,000, to remain available until expended. for construction." Congress is asked to should like to have the next committee If I understand it correctly, the money appropriate $900,000, which would re amendment stated. cannot be spent until there has been an main available until expended. That is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The authorization for construction. There point No. 1. The second point, if I read clerk will state the next committee fore, why handle it at all? the amendment correctly, is that the amendment. Mr. IVES. I do not know; that is money cannot be spent until authoriza The next amendment was, on page 15, what I am trying to ascertain. tion is made for construction. after line 14, to insert: Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Senator yield in my time? NIAGARA REDEVELOPMENT REMEDIAL WORKS the Senator yield? INVESTIGATION Mr. CAPEHART. I yield. Mr. CAPEHART. I yield in the Sen For engineering and economic investiga The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ator's time. tions, pending ~uthorization for construc Senator from Indiana has 15 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion, of projects for development and uti 'Mr. McKELLAR. On page 291 of the Senator from New Mexico should un lization of the waters of the Niagara River, Senate hearings, this testimony, refer derstand that he does not have any time. $900,000, to remain available until expended. ring to the plans, appears: The Senator from Tennessee is in con Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I am Regardless of which one of those is finally trol of the time. opposed to this committee amendment. authorized, the present engineering work Mr. McKELLAR. I yield time. covered by this estimate should proceed un Mr. CAPEI-IAP..T. I am sure the Sena The amendment refers to engineering der governmental auspices to make sure that tor from Tennessee will be fair. I know and economic investigations, pending au the project is developed in the very best he will yield time. thorization for construction, of projects possible way. for development and utilization of the Mr. CHAVEZ. There cannot be an waters of the Niagara River, $900,000, That is, there would have to be a deci authorization under ~he law until the sion whether the project should be han Army engineers determine and report to to remain available until expended. Congress that the project is ·feasible. There are three bills pending before dled under private ownership, Canadian the Committee on Public Works with ref ownersh~P. State ownership, or United That is why I believe the wordi::ci of the erence to this project. · One bill provides States Federal Government ownership. amendment is unhappy, because unless for turning it over, 100 percent, to the Mr. CAPEHART. I again return to there is a report upon feasibility, there Federal Government. Another bill pro the wording of the amendment, which is cannot be an authorization. vides that the' State of New York shall "pending authorization for construc Mr. CAPEHART. The Army engi have jurisdiction. The third bill pro tion." If I read that language correctly, neers have already spent some $400,000 vides that the power shall be developed the $900,000 could not be spent until over a period of years. Now there is a by private industry. Private industry is there had been an authorization by Con request in the bill for $900,000 in 1 year. perfectly capable of doing it, and it wants gress for construction. Yet it is not known at the moment, and to do it. There are already some power Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the will not be known until Congress acts, projects there. I see no reason for ex Senator from Indiana yield to me? whether the State of New York or the pending $900,000 at the moment, partic Mr. CAPEHART. I yield, but I hope Federal Government · will handle the ularly when the amendment provides for that later the Senator will yield to me, matter, or private industry will be per the money remaining available until ex because we are operating under a unani mitted to handle it. pended, until the Congress decides mous-consent agreement. Mr. McKELLAR. That is exactly whether it wants the State of New York Mr. CHAVEZ. I believe the wording what is desired to be. ascertained. In to handle the project or the Federal Gov of the amendment was unhappy. · The vestigations of various projects are made ernment to handle it or private industry only purpose of the appropriation in this because money is appropriated for that to handle it. The House turned it down. . bill was to provide for a survey to deter purpose. Investigations come first • Here is a case where a Senate commit mine the feasibility of the project, and Between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000 is pro tee, in its wisdom, has added $900,000, the estimated cost of the survey was vided for that purpose. to which the House did not agree. $900,000. I do not believe the wording, Mr. CAPEHART. Just what is being I think the Senate should reject this "For engineering and economic investi proposed? In 1951 Congress appropri gation, pending authorization for con ated, and the taxpayers paid, $277,000 amendment. struction," was at all necessary. All the for making surveys. How much money Mr. tVES. Mr. President, will the Sen committee intended, based upon the tes is it necessary to pay out for the making a tor from Indiana yield? timony presented, was to have an engi of surveys? Mr. CAPEHART. I yield. neering investigation made to determine Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, will Mr. IVES. I should like to ask the the feasibility of doing something along the Senator yield? distinguished Senator whether he knows the Niagara River. Mr. CAPEHART. I yield for a ques whether this particular activity, which Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, let tion. is proposed in the language he seeks to me call the Senator's attention to the Mr. WELKER. I am interested in the delete, is necessary as a prerequisite to fact that the justification, which I hold suggestion that this development be any of the undertakings proposed in the in my hand, says, "surveys," for which made by private enterprise. Does the three bills to which he has referred. $150,000 would be provided; $600,000 is Senator assume for a moment that pri Mr. CAPEHART. I question whether for design of structures and power fa vate enterprise would require the ex it is or not. For example, the purpose cilities; $150,000 is for subsurface inves penditure of $900,000 for the drawing of for which the money can be expended is tigations or surveys; $100,000 is for plans to tell private enterprise how to the design of structures and power facili model studies. build this power plant? ties. Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr. CAPEHART. I would not think Mr: IVES. The reason why I raise the Senator yield? so, but in 1951, $277,000 was spent, and point, Mr. President, is . that 2 years Mr. CAPEHART. Since the Senate is in 1952, $172,000 was spent, for the pur ago, as I recall, some of us were very operating under a unanimous-consent pose of making the surveys we are talk anxious to have this kind of an appro agreement, I will yield in the Senator's ing about. Now there is a request for priation provided in order that a survey time. · $900,000 more. I repeat, the House al could . be made in that particular area. Mr. CHAVEZ. Very well. lowed nothing. The House said it did It was my 1,mderstanding that the survey The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen not want to appropriatt: any money at was absolutely indispensable as a pre ator from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR] all for this purpose. Yet the item is requisite to the undertaking itself. controls the time. included in the pending bill. I hope the ..~ :7608 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- SENATE June 19 Senate will reject it, because I think it each country would receive 65;000 cubic Mr. LEHMAN. If I yield at all, I must is necessary, first, that the Committee second-feet of water. Canada has al yield to the Senator from Indiana. on Public Works consider the question ready developed far greater water power Mr. AIKEN. Why does the Senator whether the State of New York, the Fed than this country has developed. How from New York have to yield to him? eral Government or private industry ever, the treaty equalizes the use of Mr. LEHMAN. I yield 1 minute to should handle the matter. Private in water, and will equalize between Canada the Senator from Indiana. dustry is already developing power, it and the United States the production Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I has money, and is perfectly willing to of power from the flow of water. make the point of order against this go forward just as soon as Congress tells Canada can go ahead under our treaty amendment that it is legislation on an private industry what is wanted. and use every cubic foot of water unless appropriation bill. The reason why Congress must pass we develop it ourselves. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, a parlia upon the matter is that there is a treaty Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, will mentary inquiry. between this Nation and Canada, and the the Senator yield? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does proposed pr-oject is for development of Mr. LEHMAN. May I just finish my the Senator from New York Jield for the the Niagara River, which connects Lake thought? purpose of a point of order being made? Erie with Lake Ontario, and runs over Mr. CAPEHART. I wish to make the Mr. LEHMAN. I have not yielded for Niagara Falls. point of order that this item is legisla that purpose. I do not know whether I Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the tion on an appropriation bill. Perhaps have the right to stop the raising of a Senator yield? after the Senator yields-- point of order. Mr. CAPEHART. I yield to the Sen Mr. LEHMAN. I wish to finish my Mr. THYE. Mr. President-- ator from New York. thought. The time belongs to the Sena The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. LEHMAN. I appeared before the tor from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR]. Senator from New York has the floor. Committee on Appropriations in behalf These works are being built today. Mr. THYE. Mr. President, a point of of this itP.m. I .asked for a million dol Every drop of that water can be used order. lars, and the amount was reduced to to develop power. The works are being The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $900,000. Last year, the Senate may re developed, and they will continue to be Senator from New York has the floor. call, an appropriation for a million dol developed either by us or by Canada. Mr. THYE. Mr. President, a parlia lars was added to the appropriation bill Our great resource is going to waste mentary inquiry. on the floor of the Senate. It was not because we refuse to develop it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The agreed to in conference, and therefore Mr. President, it does not make any Senator from New York has the floor. was eliminated from the bill. difference whether this power resource is The Chair cannot recognize the Sena· The undertaking at Niagara is one of developed by the State of New York, by tor from Minnesota for a parliamentary the most important power developments the Federal Government, or by private inquiry unless the Senator from New in the country. It will develop at ·least capital. Surveys, investigations, and York yields. as much power as will be developed on studies must proceed before anything Mr. LEHMAN. I yield to the Sena the St. Lawrence. It will develop as can be done. The water must be har tor from Minnesota for that purpm:e. much power, substantially-- nessed and coordinated with the protec Mr. THYE. Mr. ·President, the Sen Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator tion of the scenic beauty of the falls. ator from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR] mean, then, that we will not need the St. Yesterday we witnessed on the floor yielded 6 minutes to the Senator from Lawrence project developed? of the Senate a successful effort to pre New York, and he was informed by the Mr. LEHMAN. No, I do not agree to vent the development of water power on Chair that there was an additional 3 that for an instant. We need both of the St. Lawrence, and the building of a minutes, which he yielded to the Senator them badly: The Niagara project will seaway. I believe that what we did yes from Indiana. That was the under develop as much power as has been de terday was a tragic mistake. I believe standing under which we were proceed veloped at Bonneville and Grand Coulee that it is a mistake which we shall live ing on this side. dams. to rue in a very short time, and we will Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The never be able to justify to future gener unanimous consent that the Sena.tor time of the Senator from Indiana has ations our tragic, our inexcusable, from Indiana [Mr. CAPEHART] may have expired. failure. 3 minutes. I certainly want the Senator Mr. McKELLAR. I yield additional Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN] to have 5 time to the Senator from Indiana. Senator yield? minutes. I therefore ask that the Sena Mr. CAPEHART. I am sure the able Mr. LEHMAN. If we stop the devel tor from Indiana may have 3 minutes Senator from Tennessee will yield 3 min opment of the water power on the and the Senator from Vermont may have utes to me, since I was interrupted by Niagara, we shall be sacrificing a great 5 minutes. other Senators. natural resource which belongs to the Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I Mr. LEHMAN. If we do not finish at people of the United States. New York make the point of order-- the expiration of 15 minutes, I shall of is willing to repay the Federal Govern The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fer a minor amendment to enable us to ment for the entire cost of development. time of the Senator from New York has have more time for debate. · It will not cost the Federal Government a expired: The Senator from Indiana is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The single cent, but it will make possible the recognized for 3 minutes. Senator from Indiana is recognized for use of cheap power for the benefit of all Mr. CAPEHART. I make the point an additional 6 minutes. the people of New York State and for of order against this amendment that it Mr. LEHMAN. I think this matter is the people of Ohio and Pennsylvania, is legislation on an appropriation bill. vitally important to the economy and and I hope of some of the New England . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The welfare not only of the State of New States within economical transmission Chair is advised that under a previous York, but of States adjacent to New distance. ruling the point of order made by the York, and to the economy of the country I cannot understand how anyone can Senator from Indiana is not now in as a whole. It is a tremendous under possibly object to this appropriation, or order, and will not be in order until the taking, involving many hundreds of mil object to the undertaking of this highly time has expired on the pending amend .. lions of dollars. Canada is already de important and essential development. ment. veloping power. The project is not ex Mr. CASE and Mr. CAPEHART ad· Mr. CAPEHART. At that time, I clusively an undertaking for the develop dressed the Chair. shall make the point of order. ment of power, but it is also an under Mr. LEHMAN. I shall be glad to yield, Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the taking to safeguard the scenic beauties of if I have any time. Senator from Tennessee yield 5 minutes Niagara Falls, a great asset to the entire The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to me? country. Senator from New York has 1 ·minute Mr. McKELLAR. I yield 5 minutes to Under our treaty with Canada, sur remaining. Does he yield; and if so, to the Senator from Vermont. plus water that flows down the Niagara whom? Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, 4 years River is allocated evenly to Canada and Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the ago I made the prediction on this floor to the United States. Under the treaty, Senator yield to me? that the Niagara-Hudson Power Co., 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 7609 now the Niagara-Mohawk Power Co., amendment has been exhausted, the different from his own, it is perfectly would undertake to steal Niagara Falls. Chair will recognize the Senator from agreeable to me, and I have no objection My prediction has come true to an alarm New York. whatever. ing degree. The power interests have Mr. LEHMAN. I understand that the Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the spent not $900,000, but more than $9,000,- time has been exhausted. Senator ,yield? 000 in propagandizing the country, try The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. CAPEHART. I am against the ing to get the Congress to be a party to Senator from Indiana [Mr. CAPEHART] amendment. I think it is wrong. All taking Niagara Falls away from the has 6 minutes. I want the Congress to do is to settle the State of New York and giving it to the Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, Ire question of whether private industry will private power companies. They have gret that I must reply to the able Sen develop the waters in question, whether invaded every club they can. They infil ator from Vermont. I do not know why the State of New York will do it, or trate farm and labor and business or he became so excited. It is easy for a whether the Federal Government will do ganizations as far as possible. They have Senator, or for an individual, to make it. Once Congress decides that question, gone to them with false propaganda. statements such as he has made. It is no one. will hear me crying "Sour They have sought to prejudice the minds very simple. I could stand here and grapes." of the public in every way. They have make the statement that he represents I shall be governed by the decision of been to every chamber of commerce in certain interests which I do not like, Congress. I have noticed Senators, in the northeastern part of the country. although I do not know that he does. effect, cheering when another Senator They have carried full-page advertise Mr. AIKEN. I might make the same makes a statement which is against the ments in magazines and newspapers all statement with respect to the Senator rules of the Senate. If Senators get over the country. They have spent God from Indiana. - any satisfaction out of it they can go knows how much money, but possibly 20 Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, will right ahead and enjoy it. It is perfectly times $900,000, in an attempt to put the able Senator please remain in his agreeable to me. enough pressure on the Congress to get seat? Mr. President, I now make a point of the Congress to turn over to them this I am not representing the power order that the amendment is legislation great natural resource, one of the great companies-- on an appropriation bill. est natural resources we have, which Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The properly belongs to the people of the Mr. CAPEHART. I am not represent Senator from Tennessee has 4 minutes country. ing the power companies in this instance. remaining. Yesterday in defeating the St. Law I am representing private industry in Mr. McKELLAR. I shall use 2 min _rence development the power companies America. If the able Senator from Ver utes. Mr. President, from an examina of the United States won one of the mont or any other Senator wants to at tion of the committee amendment, I am greatest victories of all time on this tach any odium to me for being for pri afraid that it contains some words which floor-something that the Congress will vate industry in America, for being for make it subject to a point of order. regret in years to come. the American system, I shall accept it. Therefore, -I offer an amendment, on Why do we let the power companies Again I say that talk is cheap. It is page 15, line 20, to strike out the words take over everything? Why do we let easy to make such charges. It is easy ''to remain available until expended." them spend $9,000,000, $10,000,000, to charge that the power companies have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $15,000,000, or $20,000,000 in propagan spent millions and millions of dollars. question is on agreeing to the amend dizing the country and charging the cost I do not know whether they have or not. ment of the Senator from Tennessee to to the electric power users; and then I have not the slightest idea. I know the committee amendment. try to block the expenditure of $900,000 that this is a free country; and I know The amendment to the amendment for the defense and welfare and interest that if a man is against something he was agreed to. ·of the public? Are the power companies has the right to say so. If he is for ,Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I going to run the Congress? Are they go something he has the right to say so. offer an amendment, on page 15, line 17, ing to run the Government as a whole? Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President after the word "investigations" to insert They are working desperately in that Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President- the words "and surveys."· direction. I say that this is the time to Mr. CAPEHART. Why the able Sen The PRESIDING OFFICER. The .stop them. If we think anything of our ator from Vermont should rise and at• question is on agreeing to the amend country at all, we will not let them get tack the power companies, and attack ment offered by the Senator from Ten away with this. If this $900,000 is to be those of us who are fighting for and be nessee to the committee amendment. spent in defense of the natural resources lieve in the American system of govern The amendment to the amendment which belong to the people of the coun ment, I do not understand. I do not was agreed to. try, let us spend it-or $900,000,000, if know what his object is; but if he gets The question is on agreeing to the we have to, but do not let history record any satisfaction whatsoever out of blam committee amendment on page 15, line that this Congress agreed to dissipate ing others, and assaulting the intentions 15, as amended. the resources that properly belong to the of others, by inference or otherwise, it Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I wish public. is perfectly agreeable to me. to offer an amendment. Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I ask Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unanimous consent to have 3 minutes Senator from Indiana yield? · clerk will state the amendment. to reply to the Senator from Vermont. Mr. CAPEHART . . Not at this time. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there If the Senator from Vermont gets any draw my amendment for the time being. objection? satisfaction out of impugning the motives The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. LEHMAN. I object. of his fellow Senators, if he thinks it question is on agreeing to the commit The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec will get him to heaven, if he thinks he tee amendment on page 15, line 15, as tion is heard. will be loved more by his family, or if he amended. Mr. LEHMAN. I object, pending the thinks he will be loved more by his Several Senators requested the yeas offering of an additional amendment. I friends, he has a perfect right to do and nays. want more time to discuss this question. what he has done. The yeas and nays were ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I presented my argument in a business Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, a Senator from New York does not have like way, without any emotion. I was parliamentary inquiry. the floor. honest and sincere in what I said. If The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. LEHMAN. I may offer an amend the Senator from Vermont wishes to Senator from Indiana will state it. ment, may I not? connect me with the power companies Mr. CAPEHART. Will the Chair Mr. CAPEHkRT. Mr. President and millions and millions of dollars, if state the question before the Senate? Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, a par he thinks it will get him to heaven, if Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will liamentary inQuiry. May I offer an he thinks it will make a bigger man out the Chair state the question before the amendment? of him, or if he thinks that he can as Senate? As I understand, it is on agree The PRESIDING OFFICER. When sault my character and accuse me and ing to the committee amendment on the time for debate oil the pending other Senators of having some motives page 15, line 15, as amended. .7610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 19 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Dakota [Mr. LANGER] are absent on offi THE PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennessee is correct. The cial business. Senator from Oklahoma will state it. clerk will state the committee amend· The Senator from New Hampshire Mr. MONRONEY. Have all the com ment as amended. [Mr. BRIDGES], the Senator from Mary mittee amendments been disposed of? The CHIEF CLERK. The committee land [Mr. BuTLER], the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. They amendment on page 15, beginning on Vermont [Mr. FLANDERs], the Senator have been. line 15, as amended, reads as follows: from California [Mr. NrxoNJ and the Mr. MONRONEY. Are amendments NIAGARA REDEVELOPMENT REMEDIAL WORKS Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] from the fioor now in order? INVESTIGATION are detained on official business. The PRESIDING OFFICER. They For .engineering and economic investiga If present and voting the Senator are. tions and surveys, pending authorization for from N-ew Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES], the Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I construction, of projects for development and Senator from Maryland [Mr. BuTLER], have an amendment at the desk, and I utilization of waters of the Niagara River, and the Senator from Massachusetts now call it up. $900,000. [Mr. LoDGE] would each vote "nay." The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, a On this vote the Senator from Ver amendment submitted by the Senator parliamentary inquiry. mont [Mr. FLANDERS] is paired with the from Oklahoma will be stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 15, Senator from Indiana will sk,te it. If present and voting, the Senator from after line 14, it is proposed to insert the Mr. CAPEHART. Is the Senate now Vermont would vote "yea" and the Sen following: voting on the committee amendment? ator from New Jersey would vote "nay." Two percent of the funds appropriated The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On this vote the Senator from Ohio herein for fiood control shall be transferred Senate is about to vote on the committee [Mr. BRICKER] is paired with the Senator to the secretary of Agriculture for use in amendment, as amended. from Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY]. If accordance with the Flood Control Act, ap proved June 22, 1936 (Public Law 738), as Mr. CAPEHART. A "yea" vote is in present and voting, the Senator from amended and supplemented, on authorized favor of the committee amendment and Ohio would vote "nay" and the Senator projects for construction of flood-prevention in favor of the appropriation of $900,- from Minnesota would vote Hyea." works in accordance with the provisions o! 000 ; a "nay" vote is against the appro On this vote the Senator from Ohio laws relating to the activities of the Depart priation of $900,000. [Mr. TAFT] is paired with the Senator ment of Agriculture. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE]. If present Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will Senator is correct. The clerk will call and voting, the Senator from Ohio would the Senator from Oklahoma yield to me? the roll. vote "nay" and the Senator from Iowa Mr. MONRONEY. I yieid for a ques The Chief Clerk called the roll. would vote "yea." tion to the Senator from California. Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I an The result was announced-yeas 45, Mr. KNOWLAND. I notice that the nounce the Senator from Connecticut nays 25, as follows: Senator from Oklahoma has offered his [Mr. BENTON], the Senator from Vir YEAS-45 amendment to be inserted after the pe ginia [Mr. BYRD], the Senator from Iowa Aiken Hun-t Moody riod at that point in the bill. Is the [Mr. GILLETTE], the Senator from Min Anderson Ives Morse Senator from Oklahoma proposing that nesota [Mr. HUMPHREY], the Senator Chavez Johnson, Colo. Murray from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND], the Sen Clements Johnson, Tex. Neely the 2-percent reduction be made in the Connally Johnston, S. C. O'Mahoney funds appropriated for work on the ator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRl, and Cordon Kerr Pastore Sacramento River, and that funds to the Senator from Virginia [Mr. RoBERT Douglas Kilgore Seaton ·soN] are absent on official business. Eastland Knowland Smathers that extent be taken for use by the De Ellender Lehman Smith, N.C. partment of Agriculture; or would this The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE Fulbright Magnuson Sparkman amendment apply to the entire appro FAUVER], the Senator from South Caro Green McCarran Stennis priation? lina [Mr. MAYBANKJ, and the Senator Hayden McClellan Thye Hennings McKellar Tobey Mr. MONRONEY. Two percent of the from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] are absent Hill Millikin Underwood entire fiood-control appropriation con by leave of the· Senate. Holland Monroney Wiley tained in this bill would be transferred The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. NAY8-25 for upstream soil-conservation work, as McMAHON] is absent because of illness. Bennett Hendrickson Mundt now authorized by Congress and now be I announce further that the Senator Brewster Hickenlooper Saltonstall ing carried forward at a snail's pace by from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] is paired on Capehart Hoey Schoeppel this vote with the Senator from Ohio Case Jenner Smith, Maine the Department of Agriculture. [Mr. TAFT]. If present and voting, the Dworshak Kem Watkins Mr. KNOWLAND. Is the distinguished Ecton Long Welker Senator from Oklahoma sure that would Senator from Iowa would vote "yea," and Ferguson Malone 'Williams the Senator from Ohio would vote "nay.'' Frear Martin be the effect of his amendment, if it is The Senator from Minnesota [Mr. George McCarthy adopted to the bill at the point at which HUMPHREY] is paired on this vote with NOT VOTING-26 his amendment is offered? Or would the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKERJ. Benton Duft' McMahon his amendment merely provide that 2 . If present and voting, the Senator from Bricker Flanders Nixon percent of the funds a,ppropriated for Bridges Gillette O'Conor fiood control on the Sacramento River Minnesota would vote "yea," and the Butler, Md. Humphrey Robertson Senator from Ohio would vote "nay." Butler, Nebr. Kefauver Russell would be set aside fGr the purpose stated I announce also that if present and Byrd· Langer Smith, N.J. in his amendment? Cain Lodge Taft Mr. MONRONEY. I advise the Sena voting, the Senator from Maryland [Mr. Carlson Maybank Young O'CoNOR] would vote ''nay." Dirksen McFarland tor from California that that would not Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce be the effect of my amendment; and I that the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. So the committee amendment, as make that statement on the advice of BuTLER] is absent because of the death amended, was agreed to. legislative counsel who carefully pre of his brother. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pared tr..e amendment and suggested that The Senator from Washington [Mr. next amendment of the committee will it be offered at this point in the bill. CAIN] and the Senator from North be stated. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will Dakota [Mr. YoUNG] are absent by leave The next amendment was, under the the Senator from Oklahoma yield to me? of the Senate. heading "Canal Zone government/' on Mr. MONRONEY. I yield for a The Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARL page 17, line 3, after the word "trans question. soN], the Senator from Illinois [Mr. fusions", to strike out "$16,139,500" and 'Mr. McKELLAR. Would not the DIRKSEN], the Senator from Massachu insert "$18,822,549." amendment be proper •to be offered to setts [Mr. LoDGE], and the Senators from The amendment was agreed to. an agricultural bill or a deficiency bill? Ohio [Mr. TAFT and Mr. BRICKER] are The PRESIDING OFFICER. That I do not think the amendment is proper necessarily absent. completes the committee amendments. in connection With the pending bill. The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. Mr. MONRONEY.. Mr. President, a Mr. MONRONEY. Perhaps as I de DUFF] and the Senator from North parliamentary inquiry. velop the case for the amendment I may 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 761l be able to answer the distinguished I believe the amendment is fully in This has to do with gully streams, chairman of the Appropriations Com line with the other appropriations made check dams, the soil-conservation treat mittee. in this bill for the purpose of controlling ment of watersheds, and so forth, in Mr. President, I now ask unanimous floods. places where it would be possible to con consent that a change be made in the I should be glad to have the chairman trol floods and prevent the washing away page and line of the bill to which the of the committee test whether the of the soil into the stream channel and amendment is offered, in order to remove amendment is germane. seal off the multimillion dollar dams any doubt on the part of the Senator But surely, Mr. Pr.esident, in passing which we are building in such great from California. . I ask unanimous con a bill carrying appropriations of $365,- abundance throughout the country. sent that the amendment be inserted on 500,000 for main-stem dams, we should Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will page 11, after line 19. not ignore the fact that there must be at the Senator yield for a question? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there least some means by which we may ap Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the Sen objection to the request of the Senator propriate a few dollars in order to pro ator from Kansas. from Oklahoma? Without objection, it ceed with work of the type I have just · Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I should like to is so ordered. mentioned, as well. ask the distinguished Senator from Ok Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will As I have said, the bill carries appro lahoma whether it is not his intention in the Senator from Oklahoma yield to me priations of $365,500,000 for the huge, proposing this amendment to build up a for a moment? gigantic main-stem dams, whereas my fund, in order to accelerate effectively Mr. MONRONEY. I yield· for a ques amendment will add only $7,000,000 for the upstream development, which he tion; I do not wish to yield at this time 11 authorized projects which now are feels-and I agree with him-has been for a point of order. proceeding at a snail's pace. sadly neglected? Mr. McKELLAR. I shall not make The amendment would provide on an Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator from the point of order until later, but at this average only $460,000 additional for each Kansas is entirely correct. It is the time I inform the Senator from Okla of these 11 projects, work upon which purpose of the Senator from Oklahoma homa that I shall make a point of order was authorized by the Congress many to try to accelerate this program, and to against the amendment. I do not think years ago. I ask unanimous consent to take some action to obviate the necessity the amendment is at all proper to this have printed in the RECORD at this point of waiting 50 years for the completion of bill; adoption of the amendment would in my remarks a list of the projects, this program. The project is only one confuse the entire situation in the case showing the estimated number of years sixth finished, and we apparently shall of this appropliation. required for completion, and the esti.. have to wait for 50 years. and then later Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I mated number of years required for com build one-sixth of a dam. It is only one appreciate the courtesy of the Senator pletion under present appropriations. sixth of the way across the strE;am, and from Tennessee in withholding the point we cannot hope to control floods through of order. There being no objection, the table was this upstream program if we do one At this time I wish to develop the case ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as sixth of the work and then let the work for the amendment. follows: rest for 20 or 30 years. Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I want to say to the Senator from Oklahoma yield to me? Pro- Years to the able Senator from Oklahoma that I posed complete Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. years under pres- am heartily in accord with his position, Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I understand that Name of project to ent appro- and that I sympathize with what he is there are either 10 or 11 projects- com- priations attempting to do. Whether it should be Mr. MONRONEY. There are 11 au plete rate 1 done in connection with the pending thorized, approved flood-control proj N. bill, I do not know, but I think the Sen Buffalo Creek, y ______18 23 ects which are under way at only a Colorado, Middle, Tex ______20 24 ator has made a most able presentation snail's pace, under present appropria Coosa, Ga. and Tenn._------20 22 of the problem. Little SioUJ: Iowa and Minn ______1 15 12 tions. Little Tallanatchie, Miss ______20 14 Mr. MONRONEY. I thank the dis Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I should like to ask Los Angeles, CaUL ______10 31 tinguished Senator from Kansas. this question: If the amendment is Potomac, Md., Va., Pa., W. Va __ _ 24 13 Mr. SEATON. Mr. President, will the Santa Ynez, Calif ______10 6 adopted and if the bill as thus amended 15 M Senator yield? is passed by both Houses of Congress and 15 29 Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the Sen is signed by the President, will the R;:~;g:!~:::::::::::::::::::: 20 49 ator from Nebraska. Mr. SEATON. I should like to ask amount of money to which the amend 1 Based on total estimated Federal costs for 1949 and ment relates be limited to only the 11 1952 appropriations figures. the distinguished Senator from Okla .. projects? Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, the homa whether the 2. percent would apply, Mr. MONRONEY. It would be limited Congress studied, approved, and placed on page lO. line 5, to the $294,077,200. to the 11 projects which heretofore have its stamp on the value of upstream flood Mr. MONRONEY. It would be 2 per been authorized by Congress. If we at control. This was not done haphazard cent of the $365,000,000 carried in this tempted to do otherwise, we would be ly. It was not done without adequate bill for flood control. It would repre making an appropriation for projects study; and yet we appropriated but $7,- sent a total of $7,300,000, which would which the Congress has not authorized. 000,000 in the agricultural bill for this double the appropriations now being For that reason, the amendment is spe purpose. I plead with Senators to con made for this very valuable work of up cifically restricted to the 11 projects sider, as we appropriate $365,000,000 for stream flood control. This covers all of which now are. under way. main-stem dams. to do a little bit for the the 11 projects. Mr. President, the purpose of the farmers who are trying to hold their Mr. SEATON. I should like to say amendment is very simple. It is offered bottom land, seeking a way to control that I am in complete sympathy with to a bill which proposes to appropriate a floods where the water falls, and before the Senator's amendment. vast sum of money-a total of $365,500,- it reaches the maln stem of the channel. Mr. MONRONEY. I thank the distin.. 000-largely for one type of flood control. Can we not afford 2 cents out of every guished Senator from Nebraska. namely, main-stem dams. This amend dollar in order to give the upstream Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will ment is offered in an effort to channel flood-control program a chance to be the Senator yield? only 2 cents out of every dollar into up Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the dis tried out and to be completed without tinguished chairman of thf. committee. stream flood control, in an effort to try waiting 50 years? There are but 11 to hold the water where the water falls, Mr. McKELLAR. Is it not true that in an effort to prevent the inundation of projects, of which the total cost to com money for this item should properly hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of plete will be only $152,000,000. Yet we come from the funds of the Department acres of our most valuable bottom lands. are appropriating only $7,000,000 a year. of Agriculture, and that, in fact, there and in an effort to get on with a task My amendment proposes that 2 percent 1s this year an item of $6,372,800 in the which Congress has authorized, but for cf the funds appropriated for the gigan.. agricultural bill for this very purpo~e? which Congress has appropriated at a tic projects be used for these upstream Mr. MONRONEY. I may say to the vary niggardly rate. flood-control projects. distinguished chairman that when the XCVIII-479 ~612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 'June 19 agricultural bill was before the Senate, though I do not think we have sufficient riod, proves to be incapable of yielding rev.. the junior Senator from Oklahoma made evidence before us upon which to accept enues from user charges sufficient to meet an effort to add funds to that appropri such an amendment as this. the costs of its maintenance and operation. The term "improved inland waterway" as ation. We were told at that time that Mr. MONRONEY. The committee used in this section includes any inland or it would increase the agricultural ap must have had evidence, because Con coastal canal.and any natural inland water propriation above the budget figure. So gress years ago authorized these projects. way and the connecting cl.annels therc'Jf, at that time, as the big flood-control We have been appropriating for them at constructed or improved in aid of navigation bill appropriating hundreds of millions a snail's pace in the agricultural bill. I at the expense of the United States, except of dollars for flood control was presently do not think the farmers are going to that the term does not include the Great coming before the Senate, we were per accept as a reason for not getting the Lakes and their connecting channels or such suaded to wait. Now that this flood-con projects under way at a decent pace the portion of any improved inland waterway as is used regularly and to a substantial ex trol measure is being considered, since fact that there is a great degree of de tent by oceangoing vessels engaged in for the Army engineers have no exclusive partmentation between two committees. eign commerce. omnipotence in the matter of flood con We should set a precedent that flood (b) The Interstate Commerce Commission trol, we think it logical and reasonable to control funds, both upstream and down ls hereby authorized and directed to pre ask that 2 cents out of every dollar be stream, belong in the Civil Functions ap scribe and promulgate on or before Septem spent on upstream flood control. propriation bill. ber 1, 1952, user charges which, on and The Senator from Oklahoma at this I shall ask for a yea-and-nay vote after January 1, 1953, shall be imposed by time is seeking a test in the United States when the point of order is made, to see the United States for the use of each im Senate to determine whether this body whether the Senate wants to get busy proved inland waterway by means of vessels is interested in upstream flood control, on this program. It has been fully in operated for commercial purposes. vestigated and authorized: it has been (c) The user charges to be prescribed by and whether Senators are willing to ear the Commission hereunder for the use for mark 2 cents of every dollar now being appropriated for, in a niggardly way, in commercial transportation purposes of each spent for gigantic dams for use in hold the agricultural bill. We talk of billions improved inland waterway shall be at a rate ing the water where it falls, before it of dollars. Let us drop a few crumbs or rates calculated to cover, as nearly as reaches the main channels of our rivers. from our table for the benefit of the practicable, all costs of providing, maintain Mr. McKELLAR. The purpose of the farmers in aid of the most valuable asset ing, and operating the improvements made Senator's amendment is clear, but the this country has. thereon in aid of navigation, including rea Senator did not come before the com The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sonable allowances for interest on the invest time of the Senator from Oklahoma has ment and amortization thereof over such mittee. We had no evidence about this reasonable period as may be determined by matter at all. There is nothing in the expired. the Commission: Provided, That in deter hearings about it, as I recall. I am quite Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, 1 mining the level of user charges to be pre sure the Senator from Oklahoma did not. make a point of order against this scribed for any such waterway the Commis come before the committee ~ We would amendment. sion shall take into consideration not only have been glad to hear him. I _xemem The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the present, but also the reasonably pro ber extending an invitation to every point of order is sustained on the ground spective, use thereof for commercial tra:ns Senator having any matter _pertaining to that the amendment would add legisla portation, and the Commission may divide the waterway into different sections and pre this bill to come before the committee. tion to an appropriation bill. scribe different user charges for the use of We had no proof on this matter, and Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, on different sections, and shall also have author there has already been an appropriation the point of germaneness- ity to change from time to time the level of of $6,372,800 to the Department of Agri The PRESIDING OFFICER. No one user charges for any such waterway or sec culture for this very purpose. Under has raised the question of germaneness. tion thereof and to rearrange any section those circumstances, it would seem that Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I division thereof which it may have made: the Senator should wait until the next make the point of order that the Chair And provided further, That, upon application time. I am inclined to sympathize with and after affording opportunity to all inter has already ruled. ested parties for a hearing, the Commission his purpose, but I think he is pursuing Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I shall exempt any user of any such waterway the wrong course in attempting to appeal from the decision of the Chair, from the payment of user charges for any use achieve it. and ask for the yeas and nays. thereof which it finds to be of such nature as Mr. MONRONEY. I appreciate the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The not to be facilitated or benefited by the im comments and the sympathy of the dis question is, Shall the decision of the provements on account of which the user tinguished chairman, but the farmers Chair stand as the judgment of the Sen charges are imposed. of this country want action. They do ate? (d) Before prescribing ·· or changing the not want to wait for 50 years to get this user charges to be imposed for the use for On this question the yeas and nays commercial transportation purposes of any program started. The junior Senator have been requested, but the request is such waterway or section thereof, or divid from Oklahoma went before the Appro not sufficiently seconded. [Putting the ing or redividing any such waterway into priations Subcommittee of the Depart question. J The decision of the Chair is sections for the purpose of prescribing user ment of Agriculture, where we seemed sustained. charges therefor, the Commission shall hold to have made a good case. The result The bill,is open to further amendment. a public hearing for the purpose of deter was, however, that our item was cut Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I call mining the just and reasonable user charges $750,000, because an effort was being up my amendment identified as ''6-18- to be prescribed. It shall give notice of the made to reduce the amount that would 52-C." nature and scope of each such hearing at least 30 days in advance thereof by publish be spent for flood control. The distin The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ing a notice thereof in the Federal Register guished subcommittee chairman, the clerk will state the amendment offered and by serving a copy of s.aid notice upon Senator from Georgia [Mr. RussELL], in by the Senator from Illinois. each carrier subject to its jurisdiction oper formed the Senator from Oklahoma that The CHIEF CLERK. On page 21, after ating on the waterway or waterways in he did not think flood control belonged line 10, it is proposed to insert the fol volved and upon all other carriers which in the agricultural bill, and hinted that lowing new section: in its opinion might be interested in the it might be wise to seek it as a part of proceeding, and shall give such further no SEc. 105. (a) To the end that inland tice of said hearing as to it appears advis the general flood-control bill. That is waterway improvements in aid of navigation where we are today, able. heretofore or hereafter made at the expense At any such hearing, it shall be the duty . Mr. McKELLAR. What I am saying of the United States may be rendered self supporting and, so far as practicable, self· of the S~retary of the Army, upon request 1s that the Senator from Oklahoma of the Commission, to make available to the should have come before the Committee li~uidating, it is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress (1) to impose reasonable Commission' all information in his posses on Appropriations, to consult members sion with respect to the expenditures made of the committee, before proposing his user charges for the use of the improved in land waterways of the United States b1 by the United States in the construction, amendment on the floor of the Senate. means of vessels operated for commercial improvement, maintenance, and operation of I do not know what the facts are. I do purposes, and (2) to discontinue further ~ed· the waterway or waterways under consid not know whether the matter has been eral expenditures in the maintenance and eration, the nature and volume of the trar fully investigated. I think there should operation of any improved inland waterway fic moved thereover, and any other matter be upstream flood control, of course, al- which, after a reasonable development pe- pertinent to the purpose of the hearing. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE 7613 (e) After user charges shall have been and lts amortization over a reasonable fuse to appropriate any money for a prescribed by the Commission for any in period are not required. But my amend.. project which can be financed by tolls land waterway and shall have become effec ment would require the setting of rates and charges. tive, the owner or operator of any vessel (including any government, State or Fed to reflect costs of operation and main.. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the eral, and any corporation or instrumentality tenance. Senator from Illinois yield? owned or controlled thereby) who shall use The user charges would be based on Mr. DOUGLAS. .I yield. such waterway for commercial transporta operation costs. These would net pos Mr. LONG. If I read the Senator's tion purposes shall, unless exempted there sibly $35,000,000 a year to the Federal amendment correctly, the question is from by the Commission, pay to the United Government and would put the use of whether we are willing to fix tolls for States the prescribed and effective user our waterways on a basis similar to that every waterway except the Great Lakes? charges. It shall be the duty of the Secre we were recommending in the case of Mr. DOUGLAS. The Great Lakes are tary of the Treasury to collect such user charges and to prescribe reasonable rules the St. Lawrence seaway except that we international in character. and regulations relating to the payment and would be less stringent. Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the collection thereof. The change I desire to make in my Senator from Illinois yield? (f) Any person or corporation who shall amendment is on page 2, line 23, after Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. fall or refuse to pay the user charges pre the word "navigation" to strike out the Mr. MOODY. If the Senate had ap scribed in accordance with the provisions of comma and the words "including rea proved the St. Lawrence seaway, would this section or to comply with the regula sonable allowances for interest on the not tolls have been fixed in the same tions which shall be promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury relating to the investment and amortization thereof way? payment and collection thereof shall be over such reasonable period as may be Mr. DOUGLAS. That is exactly cor guilty of a misdemeanor and upon convic determined by the Commission:" rect. We are saying that if it was a good tion thereof in any court of competent juris Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the principle for the St. Lawrence seaway, diction shall be punished by a fine of not Senator from Tilinois yield? we believe it is a good principle for the less than $100 and not more than $2,000, Mr. DOUGLAS. I yic.ld. improved inland waterways of the and every failure of any such person to pay Mr. LONG. Did not the Senator in country. such user charges or to comply with said regulations shall be deemed a new and sepa form us in the course of the debate on Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the rate offense and subject such person to ad the submerged lands bill that these Senator yield further? ditional penalties therefor. In addition to streams belonged to the States and not Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. the criminal action provided for in this sec to the Federal Government? Mr. LONG . . Will the Senator tell me tion' and in addition to all other civil reme Mr. DOUGLAS. The land under whether the St. Lawrence seaway would dies which may be possessed by the United nea-:;h the inland waterways belongs to be an international waterway? States of America, the United States of Amer the States. We were willing to make Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes; the St. Law ica shall have a lien for the user charges it statutory by the O'Mahoney amend upon any vessel for the movement of which rence River is an international water user charges are not paid as provided for 1n ment. We are simply saying that the way. this section. Federal Government should have some Mr. LONG. The Senator proposes (g) This section shall not apply to naval return on the money which it has ex that it charge tolls, and that every other or other noncommercial vessels of the United pended. waterway, except the Great Lakes, States, and no user charges shall be imposed Mr. LONG. Take a case where the should do the same. I wonder why the under the authority of this section on ac Government has spent no money, for Senator excepts the Great Lakes. Inas count of the use of any of the navigable instance, where a ship plies Long Island much as he believes other waterways inland waterways which form boundaries between the United States and any foreign Sound, traveling over an area where the and internal improvements should be ~ation, except such as may be permitted by Federal Government has spent no money charged for, we might try it on the Great treaties. on the improvement of the channel. Lakes first and see how the program Does the Senator feel that in such a works. Page 21, line 11, strike out "SEc. 105" case charges should be made for the use Mr. . DOUGLAS. The Great Lakes and insert in lieu thereof "SEc. 106!' of the waterway? have not been improved. Certain har Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I gave Mr. DOUGLAS. If my good friend bors on the Great Lakes have been im notice yesterday, as appears in the CoN will look .at page 2 he will see that proved. The operating cost of those GRESSIONAL RECORD, that I WOUld ask for charges are to be imposed simply for harbors probably should be charged a suspension of the rule. There ·is one the use of each improved inland water against the traffic. change which I should like to make, but, way. · The rates are to be established Mr. LONG. I read from page 2 of the first, let me make an explanatory state- by the Interstate Commerce Commis Senator's amendment: ment. . sion and collected by the Treasury De The term "improved inland waterway" as When the St. Lawrence project was partment. used in this section includes any inland or before the Senate yesterday it provided Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will coastal canal and any natural inland water that the cost would be met out of tolls the Senator from Illinois yield? way and the connecting channels thereof, and power rates. In other words, there Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. constructed or improved in aid of navigation were to be no costs to the Government Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator admits at the expense of the United States, except except an initial advance of money, and that the term does not include the Great that his amendment is subject to a point Lakes and their connecting channels. the users of the service provided by the of order. What is the Senator's plan? waterway would pay for the cost of the Mr. DOUGLAS. That the rule be I wonder why the Senator excludes waterway. Those of us who ·believed in suspended. the Great Lakes? that project were very glad to make that Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I Mr. DOUGLAS. There was some point clear and definite. In connection make the point of order against the question about the Soo Canal. with our inland waterways the Govern amendment. Mr. LONG. It would seem to me that ment spends hundreds of millions of dol The PRESIDING OFFICER. The. the Senator might experiment with the lars in improving rivers, and then they Great Lakes first. are used completely free by ship and point of order is sustained. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I move Mr. DOUGLAS. Why not experiment barge owners. on the Mississippi River? A proposal similar to mine has been that paragraph 4 of rule XVI be sus offered in the form of a bill by the dis pended in order that the amendment Mr. LONG. The junior Senator from tinguished Senator from Ohio [Mr. may be proposed. Louisiana is not proposing it; inasmuch BRICKER] and the distinguished Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as the Senator from Illinois is proposing from Indiana [Mr. CAPEHART] providing question is on the motion of the Senator it, it would seem appropriate to apply that the users of waterways must pay from Illinois. He has 15 minutes. the proposal first to areas with which charges which would meet not only op Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I am he is very familiar. erating costs but interest on investment firmly convinced that this is an issue Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the and amortization. which we must face. The question is Senator yield? My amendment is not so stringent whether we shall spend hundreds of mil Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. since, in the setting of rates, reasonable lions of dollars as a subsidy to those who Mr. MOODY. I am interested in the allowances for interest on the investment use waterways, and at the same time re- Senator's amendment, and I hope the ~614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 19 Senate will suspend the rule in order to tive is required for the motion to pre claims la!!d by putting water on the permit it to be offered and debated. The vail. [Putting the question.] The Chair land. genial and brilliant Senator from Louisi is of the opinion that the "noes" are in So far as irrigation is concerned, ana has asked a question about the the majority, so the motion to suspend while the principal, at least, is returned, Great Lakes, but he has not advanced the rule is rejected. the cost of levee projects in general any reason why the proposal should not Mr. DOUGLAS. First, let me con and I emphasize "in general"-is not be applied to other waterways. If there gratulate the Chair on the accuracy of reimbursed. is any reason W:hY the amendment his ruling that a vote of two-thirds in the I know that prior to 1928 localities did should be rejected, I should like to hear affirmative was not obtained. provide most of the funds for the levees it stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The which were constructed, and I am well Mr. DOUGLAS. In order to make my Senator's amendment B is at the desk. aware of the fact that it is quite prob proposal perfectly clear, I am willing to Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I ask able that here and there localities now strike out, on page 2, line 8, all after the that the amendment be stated. make contributions. Even these, how words "United States" through the end The PRESIDING OFFICER The ever, usually consist of easement, rights of line 11. clerk will state amendment B of the of-way, and moving utilities where Included in the part to be eliminated Senator from Illinois. necessary; not actual construction costs. is the clause, ''except that the term does The CHIEF CLERK. On page 15, after Certainly, so far as general policy is not include the Great Lakes and their line 14, it is proposed to insert the fol concerned, the cash capital outlay is connecting channels." lowing: made by the Federal Government it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The Secretary of the Army shall not com self, but benefits are not confined to Chair advises the Senator from Illinois mence or proceed with any feature of any the Federal Government. They also go that at this time, a point of order having flood-control or drainage project if he de to adjoining landowners, by reason of been made against his amendment, he termines that such feature will be of direct improvement in value of the land. There is not permitted to strike out that lan and substantial benefit to any lands or area definable with reasonable certainty, unless are instances in which uncleared land is guage. The question now is on the mo the owners of such lands or a State, mu worth $5 or $10 an acre, the cost of tion to suspend the rule. nicipality, conservancy district, or other re clearing the land will be $25 an acre, and Mr. DOUGLAS. If the motion is sponsible party shall, by contract wlth the the land will be worth well over $100 agreed to, then before the bill is finally Secretary, have agreed to repay or to advance an acre once it has been cleared. passed, I shall move to strike out the to the Secretary one-half of the cost of. con. It is an accepted policy of local city words I have indicated. structing such feature. All moneys received finance that costs of sewers, sidewalks, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from such contracts shall be deposited in the and sometimes of roads, will be assessed question is on agreeing to the motion Treasury of the United. States as miscel against the adjoining property which is of the senator from Illinois to suspend ~aneous receipts. benefited. One of the first examples of the rule. . Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, ' I that was the laying out of Riverside · Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President. I ask make the point of order that the amend Drive in New York, and that project was unanimous consent that I be permitted ment of the-Senator from Illinois is leg carried out. to strike out those words. islation on an appropriation bill. I am trying to see if we can establish Mr. LONG. I object. I have an The PRESIDING OFFICER. The a principle of charging half the cost of amendment in the nature of a substi point of order is sustained. levees against the land which is to be tute to offer to the amendment of the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I move benefited, rather than throwing the en Senator from Illinois. to suspend paragraph 4 of rule XVI in tire burden upon the shoulders of the Mr. CASE. Mr. President, is any time order that I may offer the amendment. taxpayers. available? If so, who is in control of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the time. Senator from Illinois is recognized for question is on agreeing to the motion of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Fifteen 15 minutes. the Senator from Illinois to suspend the minutes are available, and the time is Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, my rule. · [Putting the question.] In the controlled by the Senator from Ten amendment is a proposal that at least opinion of the Chair, the "noes" are in nessee. half of the cost of levee and drainage the majority, and the motion is re Mr. McKELLAR. I yield 3 minutes to projects shall be assessed against ad jected. the Senator from South Dakota. joining real estate which is directly and The bill is open to further amendment. Mr. CASE. The amendment of the substantially benefited. I believe it If there be no further amendment to be Senator from Illinois poses an entirely would eliminate a big vacuum in our offered, the question is on the engross new approach to the problem dealing public-works policy. ment of the amendments and the third with waterways and authorizations for As Senators know, appropriations for reading of the bill. them. The amendment is clearly legis public-power projects are reimbursed The amendments were ordered to be lation. It runs thr.ough 6 pages, and not only for capital but also for current engrossed and the bill to be read a third would involve an entire change in the interest payments. I think that is a wise time. method of authorization of projects. It provision. Irrigation projects, which put is certainly a subject that should not be water on land, are reimbursed, so far as The bill lN THE MARINE CORPS Gilda S. Codispoti Laurence A. Ballinger Herbert N. Rapson Grover S. Stewart, Jr. The following-named officers Of the Ma Paul M. Moriarty Walter R. Miller Joseph Northrup George M. Dauphine rine Corps for permanent appointment to Kenneth J. Houghton Cyril D. Jeffcoat William J. Kopas Herschel G. Connell the grade of colonel: R aymond F. Garraty, Marion J. Griffin George H. Elias Curtis D. Jernigan Jr. Herman H. Jones James Sharp II Harry B. Stuckey Raymond B. Hurst Richard D. Hughes Roy I. Wood, Jr. Gerald E. Goss Myron P. Wieczorek Rex A. Deasy Robert E. Cushman, Charles 0. Bierman Albert B. Atkinson John H. McGuire John B. Marshall, Jr. Robert N. Welch Jr. Frederick A. Ramsey, John R. Fields Paul F. McLellan· Gustave F. Lueddeke, Dean Caswell Robert A. Black Jr. Justin B. Johnson, Jr. Albert J. Gunther Jr. Harold R. Foltz Gordon E. Hendricks William N. McGill Charles D. Garber Aaron M. Rottenberg Dwaine Wise John B. Mason Charles W. Shelburne Kenneth D. Kerby "K" "K" Bigelow Thomas B. Wood Charles C. Ward Clifford A. Allison Richard G. Weede Carl A. Laster Warren P. Nichols Louis H. Steman Robert Wade Danny "W" Johnson The following-named officers of the Marine Charles E. Call Alfred T. Moret, Jr. William A. Lutnick Murray V. Harlan, Jr. Corps for permanent appointment to the Patrick Harrison Homer L. Daniel Owen V. Gallentine William H. Mulvey grade of lieutenant colonel: Edward C. Kicklighter Paul A. LeMaire, Jr. Ernest L. Engelkes Robert S. Robertson William A. Wood Ralph H. Currin· Wendell 0. Livesay "H" Leverett Jacobi Ernest R. Doyle, Jr. Louis E. Dunning William H. Atkinson Arthur H. Haake Stanley N. McLeod William H. Irvin, Jr. Nicholas M. Seminotr John H. Cavalero John S. Dewey Oscar F. Peatross Albert J. Sinuc Richard Morton Robert H. Cook Walter Panchision John D. Bradbury Frank E. Garretson George R. Burke Harold P. Will1amson Robert J. Craig MarshallS. Austin Robert A. Churley Norman R. Nickerson Russell Hamlet Anthony R. Epplin · Cloyd V. Hines Chester J. Pappa Will1am H. Junghans, George A. Rickert Raymond L. Valente Tom s. Parker Elmer A. Krieg Lewis C. Street III Jr. Norman Pozinsky Wesley C. Noren Maurice E. Flynn John C. Boulware Leo J, Carboy, Jr. Harvey M. Miller Fraser E. West Lawrence L. Graham Paul L. Allen James W. Luther Glenn L. Ferguson, Jr. John R. Barreiro, Jr. Stanley S. Nicolay Donald D. Pomerleau John D. McLaughlin Arthur s. Tarkington William J. Long William McReynolds Darrell D. Irwin Henry W. Stankus George J. Kovich, Jr. MarshallS. Campbell Lawrence J. Hofmeist- John E. Sundholm James K. Dill Richard C. Kuhn Richard M. Remington Victor E. Johnson, Jr. er. Robert W. GUckert Stephen J. Zsiga Hudson G. Birming- Hector G. Risigari- Dewey F. Durnford, Joe "B" Henson John L. Hopkins . Vernice 8. Calvert ham Gal, Jr. Jr. Theodore R. Moore Henry w. Seeley, Jr. Robert E. A. Lillie Glenn E. Ferguson John J. O'Donnell Noble L. Beck Thomas J. Jones Henry G. Lawrence, Anthony J. Dowdle William D. Porter Michael D. Benda Leroy V. Corbett James R. Weaver Jr. Granville Mitchell Ralph E. June Bernard M. Boress Clyde P. Guy Clarence H. Pritchett James G. Kelly Paul B. McNicol Armand G. Daddazio Richard M. Hunt Henry A. Checklou William L. Walker William C. Ward, Jr. Charles C. Campbell Lawrence H. Bosshard Robert B. Jeter Leslie L. Davenport Thomas 0. Weghorst John T. Bradshaw George C. Axtell, Jr. George K. Reid Raymond H. Spuhler Gene Robertson Floyd H. Butler, Jr. Robert E. Collier Harold B. Penne Carl L. Sitter Warren A. Leitner James P. Bruce Richard H. Bushnell Alexander A. Elder Walter J. Carr, Jr. Richard E. Roach Lawrence E. Kindred Clyde B. Shropshire Douglas D. Petty, Jr• . Ward K. Schaub Charles Kimak George C. Westover Junius M. Lowder, Jr. John D. Cotton Wayne H. Hoereth Maurice L. Appleton, Wallace G. Fleissner Keigler E. Flake John F. Mentzer Taylor H. Wagner James H. Berge, Jr. Jr. Robert H. Gray Ralph L. Widner Robert W. Minick James M. Weidner Alvis H. Allen Eugene V. Bora The following-named officers of the Ma· Anthony Edwards Thomas L. Sullivan Robert K. McClelland Louie N. Casey rine Corps for permanent appointment to Lud R. Tucker Daniel Greene Clifford F. Quilici John J. Wade, Jr. the grade of major for limited duty: William H. Kellogg Tho~as R. Egan Rufus D. Sams, Jr. Karl N. Smith Robe:rt C. Evans Charles E. Street, Jr• . Thomas M. Burton Horace C. Parks Hubert G. Bozarth Marion H. Deckard Donald H. Foss Victor R. Bisceglia Bernard W. McLean Paul R. Paquin Charles H. Ludden Howard C. Frazer Cecil B. LaFayette James H. Tatsch Olin W. Jones, Jr. Lawrence McGlad~ Kerwin W. Jacobs Robert Y. Stratton John L. Frothingham The following-named officers of the Ma John P. Flynn, Jr. George D. Kew Nathaniel Morgenthal Chester L. Christen- rine Corps for permanent appointment to Duane A. Swinford Don M. Perkins Louis G. Ditta son the grade of captain: Edgar A. Monroe James T. Cronin Gerald F. Russell Horace E. Knapp, Jr. Jack A Miller Roland B. Heilman William N. Gustafson Lawrence C. Norton John T. O'Neill Stephen C. Munson, . Kenneth G. Fiegener Henry J. Jadrich Stanley B. Voth Paul F. Pedersen Tom N. Ha.speris Jr. Donald A. Panska William L. Atwater, Jr. · John Padach, Jr. Harold L. Haley Ernest L. Medford, Jr. Henry H. Reichner, Jr. Charles C. Angle Walter E. Daniel Thomas G. Elder George H. Green, Jr. Frederick J. Mix, Jr. Edwin B. Wheeler Guy "M" Washburn Daniel P. Githens, Jr. Harold V. Deering Thirl D. Johnson The following-named officers of the Marine Lenhrew E. Lovette Forrest "I" Townsend Anthony R. DiGio- Russell A. Davidson Corps Reserve for permanent appointment Richard J. Sullivan William H. Bortz, Jr. vanni Stuart V. Schuyler to the grade of lieutenant colonel: Robert F. Warren Harry G. C. Henneber- Eugene T. Card Ernest E. Poor Hugh D. Argo James F. Coady Roderick J. Munro ger James L. Dumas William R. Watson, Jr. Henry G. Holmes, Jr. William Whitehill Calvin Wall Coleman C. Jones Ruel H. Corley, Jr. Earl A. Trager, Jr. Donald M. Winters Roger c. Lawson The following-named officers of the Marine Harry F. Painter Williams P. Brown Charles A. Broudy Harry F. Abbott Corps for permanent appointment to the John M. McLaurin, Jr. Robert "J" Zitnik Martin Capages Jack H. Adam grade of major: Urban A. Lees Arnold W. Barden Beryl B. Sessions John V. Hanes Charles W. Boggs, Jr. Clarence F. Zingheim William Bradford William H. Roley William W. Bryant James R. Coltrane Richard F. DeLamar Donald L. Mallory Clarence H. Schmid Don G. Derryberry Allen L. Phillips III Thomas J. Branighan Bernard J. Stender Crawford B. Malone The following-named officers of the Ma John B. Bristow Fred A. Steele Charles D. Dawklns,John J. Hill III rine Corps for permanent appointment to Martin J. Sexton Christopher M. Spur• Jr. George Mottl the grade of first lieutenant, subject to qual Cobunn Marston lock Lewis E. Bolts Joseph B. DeHaven ification therefor as provided by law: F i·ederick J. Cramer James J. Bott Donald F. Mileson Dan C. Holland William L. Sims Louis P. Penney Oliver J. Koester Sylvester F. Leis Ernest B. Altekruse Kelly J. Davis, Jr. Ellsworth T. Nobles Tillman E. Bishop Ward L. Hooper James E. Meehan Tilton A. Anderson Harold L. Dawe, Jr. Maurice C. Ashley, Jr. Thomas J. Deen, Jr, John A. Creamer Gilbert N. Powell Robert B. Robinson William R. Lucas Daniel M. Manfull Elmer L. Starr Alexander Wilson Robert E. McCarville Raymond L. Barrie, Jr. Robert D. Dern Lelon L. Patrow George W. Doney Robert D. Green Walter N. Roark, Jr. Robert J. Barton Lewis H. Devine Alex H. Sawyer Andrew J. Stroh- Dwain L. Redalen John 0. Kaylor William D. Bassett, Jr. John R. Dickson George K. Parker menger Jefferson A. Davis, Jr. Richard H. Peacock Wendell 0. Beard Thomas E. Driscoll R ichard J. Buckley Fletcher R. Wycoff Robert J. Wright Thomas E. Mulvihill John G. Belden John L. Eareckson James P. O'Laughlin Dudley F. McGeehan Harold G. McRay Otis R. Waldrop James J. Boley Richard c. Ebel Robert J. Fairfield Donald L. Herrick Kenneth L. Anstock Clark Ashton Thomas G. Borden Samuel E. Englehart Philip N. Pierce Milton A. Hull Russell G. Patterson, Thomas H. Hughes Kenneth· A. Bott Clyde L. Eyer Bernard G. Thobe Julian Willcox Jr. Casimir C. Ksycewskl Philip C. Branno:.J. Charles D. Fay Richard R. Bucher Robert A. Thompson Richard B. Newport William J. Peter, Jr. Derrell C. Briden Matthew C. Fenton, Ralph H. Brown III Augustine B. Reyn- James K. Linnan Harvey E. Wendt DonaldS. McClellan olds, Jr. James C. Norris, Jr. William J. Budge Richard H. Francis Harry 0. Taylor Joseph F. Kirby, Jr. Ivil L. Carver Walter A. Gagne, Jr. David Foos, Jr. Ross T. Dwyer, Jr. Robert J. Graham Elmer F. Koehler Robert G. Willard James F. Mcinteer, Jr. Henry. A. Commisky, Samuel P. Gardner Clifford J. Robichaud, Samuel Jaskilka Varge G. Frisbie John L. Greene Sr. James R. Gober Jr. John A. Lindsay John F. McMahon, Jr. Dail D. Fine James J. Connors, Jr. John C. Gordy, Jr. Jake B. Hill Franklin L. Smith Jack H. Hagler Kenneth L. Fellows John F. Conroy Francis A. Gore, Jr, Remmel H. Dudley Robert M. Jenkins James W. Ferris Judson J. Bradway Andrew B. Cook Fred Grabowsky Albert Wood David H. Lewis Robert King, Jr. Raymond H. w. Pett Robert H. Corbet George H. Grimes 7620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Thomas I. Gunning Tom D. Parsons tude of prayer, we are beseeching Thee DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE John W. Haggerty, ill Raymond C. Paulson to lead us to the deep inner springs of APPROPRIATION BILL, 1953 Arthur J. Hale Roger W. Peard, Jr. wisdom and power. Wayne L. Hall Willard S. Peterson Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Robert T. Hardeman Charles R. Petty Grant that we may enter upon each unanimous consent to take from the Allen S. Harris Richard L. Prave new day with faith and courage, confi Speaker's desk the bill STYLES BRIDGES, fication therefor as provided by law: on the part of the Senate. Eleanor M. Russell Essie M. Lucas RALPH E. FLANDERS, Doris V. Kleberger Betty J. Preston The message also announced that the Managers on the Part of the Senate. Senate' disagrees to the amendment of •• ..... •• the House to the bill (S. 1539) entitled STATEMENT "An act to amend an act entitled 'An The managers on the part of the House act to provide extra compensation for at the conference on the disagreeing votes HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES overtime service performed by immi of the two Houses on the amendments of grant inspectors and other employees of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 5990) to amend THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1952 the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, sub the Immigration Service', approved mit the following statement in explanation The House met at 12 o'clock noon. March 2, 1931"; requests a conference of the effect of the action agreed upon by with the House on the disagreeing votes the conferees and recommended in the ac The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, of the two Houses thereon, and appoints companying conference report: D. D., offered the following prayer: Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina, Mr. LEGISLATION IN CONFERENCE God of all grace, as we turn our PASTORE, and Mr. BENNETT to be the con The blll passed the House on May 5, 1952. thoughts toward Thee in the sacred atti- ferees on the part of the Senate. It passed the Senate in amended form on
