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SAHS Transactions Volume XXXI

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SAHS Transactions Volume XXXI Staffordshire SampleCounty Studies Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council, Department of Technical and Development Services, P.O. Box 42, West Bromwich, B71 3RZ SANDWELL VALLEY ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT StaffordshirePROJECT STAFF , 1982-1988 Project Directors: M. A. Hodder (1982-1987), G. C. Jones (1987-1988) Supervisors: R. Barnes A. Cox J. Hall S. Jeffery D. Sandhu J. Carmichael J. Glazebrook N. Hewitt A. Lenihan S. Webster L. Collett J. Glew G. Higgerson S. O'Donnell T. Westwood K. Corbett I. Greig G. Higginson Staff: K. Adams I. Clews T. Green M. Maydew A. Skipp M. Adolf J. Conniff M. Griffiths L. Mills A. Skitt P. Ahmed B. Cooke J. Groves P. Moore H. Smith M. Alcock C. Cooper B. Haley B. O'Carroll S. Smith F. Ali A. Cottrell P. Handley L. O'Connor T. Smith J. Anslow M. DabbSamples P. HandCountys E. O'Donnel l P. Spruce R. Archer S. Darby P. Hennefer S. O'Donnell C. Staddon D. Aston G. Davies W. Hocknull K. Parker M. Stanyer L. Aston N. Davies T. Hodgetts A. Parry G. Stevens P. Atkinson S. Davies I. Hough B. Patel P. Stevens T. Austin J. Day J. Hoult D. Patel H. Summers L. Baker S. Dixon P. Huggins R. Pearce A. Tarifa P. Baker P. Downer D. Issac A. Perry T. Taylor S. Banfield S. Driver D. James C. Perry D. Thompson P. Banner D. Ebanks D. Johnson D. Perry L. Thompson C. Barnett J. Eley R. Jones D. Pitt StudiesL. Thompson K. Beddington C. Emery R. Jones M. Power J. Turner M. Bentley A. Emms T. Keeling D. Prosser C. Vaughan B. Bernard C. Emms J. Lawne D. Redfern T. Venables D. Blackham D. Etheridge M. Lawne P. Rennie A. Ward S. Boswell P. Facer A. Lawrence I. Robertson C. Westmancoat M. Bowdler G. Faulkner D. Lawrence S. Robinson D. Westwood J. Bradley M. Fearon R. Ledbury C. Rodney P. Westwood P. Bradley C. Flood T. Lester S. Ryley M. Whitehouse J. Broadbent P. Flood G. Lilley M. Salhan S. Whittle A. Burrows S. Flood A. Lloyd N. Salt D. Wilkins C. Burton G. Ford M. Lloyd M. Scarrott H. Willetts K. Butler P. Gayle M. Longmore S. Scrimshaw J. Williams P. Carpenter C. Gaynham L. McDermott P. Senior M. Williams S. Charlton G. Glotham C. McNally A. Shaw S. Williams P. Chilton P. Golding B. McNamara I. Shermer C. Wilson s. Chisholm P. Facer A. Mansell H. Shore J. Wood H. Clarke J. Gray G. Mantle R. Silvester K. Wood M. Clarke D. Green M. Martin T. Simms A. Wright A. Clement J. Green L. Maydew P. Simpson Cover: Reconstruction of Priory church, c. 1300, drawn by Robert Harper EXCAVATIONS AT SAND WELL PRIORY AND HALL 1982-88 StaffordshireA MESOLITHIC SETTLEMENT , MEDIEVAL MONASTERY AND POST-MEDIEVAL COUNTRY HOUSE IN WEST BROMWICH M.A. HODDER Samplewith specialist Countycontributions by: S. Brown, J. Cherry, W. Cocroft, E. Crowfoot, G. Egan, R. Flinn, D. Higgins, M. Hughes, J. Hunt, P. Lankester, M. Locock, G. McDonnell, R. Morris, S. Nye, A. Saville, D. Symons, C. Thomas, P. Walton and G. Zarnecki Studies SANDWELL METROPOLITAN BOROUGH COUNCIL being SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS XXXI FOR 1989-90 1991 CONTENTS Page StaffordshireList of Tables vi List of Figures vn List of Plates viii ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 2 SURFACE FEATURES, 1982 4 EXTENT OF EXCAVATIONS 6 LAYOUT OF REPORT SampleCounty 6 THE RECORDING METHOD 7 PRE-PRIORY : Structural Sequence 8 : The flint artefacts, by A. Saville 11 : Other prehistoric and Roman material, by MA. Hodder 22 : Roman fibula, by D.J. Symons 23 : Discussion Studies24 PRIORY Introduction 26 : Period l,c. 1150-1250 26 : Period 2, c. 1250-1450 32 : Period 3, c. 1450-1524 43 : Priory Finds (reports by M.A. Hodder, if not stated otherwise): Architectural fragments 51 Sculptural fragments 58 Decorated grave slabs 62 Inscriptions 62 Medieval roof tiles 62 Structural timbers 65 Iron nails 66 Plain window glass 66 Painted window glass, by S. Brown 66 Lead window cames 68 Animal bone, by M. Locock 69 Page Medieval floor tiles 70 Neutron activation analysis of floor tiles from Sandwell Priory and local clays, by M.J. Hughes and J. Cherry 74 Medieval pottery 77 StaffordshireMedieval glass vessel, b y W.D. Cocroft 82 Medieval coins, by D.J. Symons 82 Other small finds, by G. Egan 88 Graves and grave contents 97 The textiles, by E. Crowfoot 100 The leather shoes and leggings, by C. Thomas 102 Rods Ill The human remains, by R. Flinn 115 Discussion 137 Sandwell Priory, a feudal context, by J. Hunt 144 POST-PRIORY : Introduction 146 : Period 1, 1525-1650 147 : Period 2, c. 1650-1701 154 : Period 3,Sample c. 1701-1705 County 161 : Post-Priory Finds (reports by M.A. Hodder, if not stated otherwise): Wooden object 165 Stone object 165 Building stone 165 Brick 165 Iron nails 166 Animal bone, by M. Locock 166 Shells Studies168 Copper-alloy pins and lace-ends 168 Other metalwork, by G. Egan 169 Clay pipes 173 Imported clay pipe, by D.A.Higgins 176 Post-medieval pottery 176 Vessel glass, by W.D. Cocroft 183 Slags, by G. McDonnell 191 Post-medieval coins, by D.J. Symons 191 : Period 4, c. 1705-1800 195 : Period 5, c. 1800-1928 203 : Period 6, 1928-1982 205 : Discussion 206 CONSOLIDATION AND DISPLAY 210 THE FUTURE ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE SITE 210 REFERENCES 215 Page SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY Notices and Programme 228 StaffordshireOfficers 229 SampleCounty Studies FIGURES Page Staffordshire a 1. Location f f'P8 1 2. Surface features 1982 and areas excavated 1982-88 5 3. Pre-Priory features 9 4. Flint artefacts 16 5. Flint artefacts 17 6. Flint artefacts 18 7. Prehistoric pottery and Roman brooch 23 8. Priory Period 1 27 9. Priory Period 2 33 10. Priory Periods 1 and 2, detail of church area 34 11. Priory Periods 1 and 2, detail of east range 36 12. Priory features in areas 1/7/8,2/9/10, 12, 6/13 38 13. Priory Period 3 45 14. Priory Period 3, detail ofSample church area County 46 15. Priory Period 3, detail of east range 47 16. Sandwell Priory: Architectural details 52 17. Sandwell Priory: Architectural details 53 18. Sandwell Priory: Architectural details 56 19. Sandwell Priory: Architectural details 57 20. Sandwell Priory: Architectural details 59 21. Sandwell Priory: Sculptural fragments 60 22. Sandwell Priory: Sculptural fragments Studies61 23. Sandwell Priory: Grave covers and inscriptions 63 24. Priory: Crested ridge tile and possible finial, and structural timbers 64 25. Sandwell Priory: Painted window glass 67 26. Sandwell Priory: Decorated floor tiles 71 27. Sandwell Priory: Distribution of floor tile designs represented at Sandwell Priory 73 28. Sandwell Priory: Location of clay samples 73 29. Sandwell Priory: Medieval pottery 80 30. Sandwell Priory: Medieval pottery 81 31. Sandwell Priory: Metal work and other objects 89 32. Sandwell Priory: Metalwork and other objects 92 33. Sandwell Priory: Metalwork and other objects 95 34. Sandwell Priory: Thread fragments 102 35. Sandwell Priory: Leather 105 36. Sandwell Priory: Leather 106 37. Sandwell Priory: Leather 107 38. Sandwell Priory: Wooden objects from graves 114 39. Axonometric reconstruction of Sandwell Priory church c. 1300 141 40. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Period 1 148 Page 41. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Period 1, detail of church area 150 42. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Period 1, detail of east range 151 43. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 2 and 3 154 44. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 2 and 3, detail of church area 155 Staffordshire45. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Perio d 2, detail of east range 158 46. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Period 3, east range 162 47. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory features in Areas 1/7/8, 2/9/10,4/12, 6/13 163 48. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory metalwork and clay pipe 170 49. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory metalwork 172 50. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Medieval pottery 180 51. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Medieval pottery 181 52. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Vessel glass 185 53. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Vessel glass 187 54. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 4, 5 and 6 195 55. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 4, 5, and 6, detail of east range 197 56. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 4, detail of church area 200 57. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Post-Priory Periods 5 and 6, detail of church area 202 58. Sandwell Priory and HallSample: Archaeological potential 211 59. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Sections throughCounty site 212 60. Sandwell Priory and Hall: Priory features beyond main buildings 214 PLATES Studies 1. Sandwell Hall, shortly before its demolition in 1928 225 2. Wall of Sandwell Priory exposed in 1928 225 3. East end of Priory church during excavation 226 4. Possible remains of chest tomb against north wall of chancel 226 5. East range under excavation 227 6. Burial with rod in south transept 227 TABLES Page Staffordshire 1. Typology and quantification of the total flint collection 11 2. Cores: Maximum dimensions 14 3. Cores: Maximum lengths of surviving flake scars 14 4. Cores: Weights 14 5. Animal bone: number of identified species, Priory periods 2 and 3 69 6. Medieval floor tiles 72 7. List of tile and clay samples analysed by neutron activation 75 8. Neutron activation results on tiles and clays from Sandwell Priory 76 9. Medieval pottery 78-79 10.
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