Scientist Letter to President : Protect U.S. Arctic Important Marine Areas

June 16, 2016

The President The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, DC 20500

Dear Mr. President:

The Arctic is home to vibrant communities of indigenous peoples, provides vital marine habitats for iconic wildlife such as beluga whales, walruses, and ice seals found nowhere else in the , and plays a critical role in global climate systems. As you witnessed during your trip to Alaska this past summer, the region is profoundly affected by climate change—including loss of sea ice, acidification of the ocean, and increased access for industries that pose significant risks to the ocean environment. Careful planning and management can help protect and sustain this valuable ecosystem in the face of these and other threats.

We applaud the leadership you showed in 2015 by withdrawing 9.8 million acres of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas from future oil and gas leasing. This important action to conserve parts of the U.S. Arctic Ocean was a significant step toward protecting Arctic marine ecosystems. We are encouraged by your comprehensive joint vision for the Arctic with Prime Minister Trudeau, which includes taking steps to conserve Arctic through science- based decision-making.

As scientists and natural resource managers, we support additional steps to protect vital habitats in the Arctic Ocean. More action is needed to ensure the resilience of the Arctic marine ecosystem and sustain the people who use its living resources to thrive. No new oil and gas leasing or exploration should be allowed in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas in the foreseeable future, including in the next five-year leasing plan. Additional ecologically important and sensitive marine habitats should be placed off-limits to oil and gas activity, while honoring subsistence hunting, fishing, and other uses and access for indigenous peoples, to protect the long-term health and function of these waters.

We know your administration is committed to ensuring sound, science-based decision-making. It is clear that certain offshore areas—often those with durable physical or oceanographic attributes—make critically important contributions to ecosystem functioning and subsistence. Most or all of these areas can be expected to remain productive and essential to ecosystem well-being even as climate change continues to reduce sea ice, alter the , and otherwise affect Arctic waters. As you yourself have said, “some areas are too special to drill.”

Beyond those areas you already have withdrawn from oil and gas leasing, there are additional places that warrant consideration because they encompass especially diverse habitats, support high species richness, provide habitat for wildlife during critical life stages, host extraordinary productivity, or otherwise sustain the resilience of the Arctic marine ecosystem. Examples are long-established migration routes for seabirds and bowhead whales, foraging hotspots, subsistence use areas, rich seafloor habitats, lingering ice habitat, and areas where algae and phytoplankton thrive. We, the undersigned, ask you to remove the two Arctic planning areas, which together comprise nearly the entire U.S. Chukchi and Beaufort seas, from the 2017–2022 Outer Continental Shelf Leasing Program. We further ask that you consult with indigenous communities and tribes, who have extensive traditional knowledge relevant to decision- making, and with Arctic scientists to identify and permanently withdraw additional important marine areas to promote a sustainable, resilient future for this extraordinary ecosystem.

Sincerely,

The Honorable Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D. John Teal, Ph.D. Dr. Thomas C. Shirley Marine Scientist Emeritus Professor Emeritus Oregon State University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Texas A&M Univ.-Corpus Christi Former Administrator of NOAA Professor Emeritus Kathleen Stafford, Ph.D. University of Alaska Fairbanks C. Scott Baker, Ph.D. Principal Oceanographer Associate Director Applied Physics Laboratory Stuart Pimm, Ph.D. Marine Mammal Institute University of Washington Doris Duke Chair of Conservation Oregon State University Anne K. Salomon, Ph.D. Enric Sala, Ph.D. Associate Professor Kate Moran, Ph.D. Explorer-in-Residence Simon Fraser University Ocean Networks Canada National Geographic Society Victoria, BC, Canada Henry P. Huntington, Ph.D. Professor James Hansen International Arctic, Science Director Thomas E. Lovejoy Climate Science Awareness and The Pew Charitable Trusts Environmental Science and Policy Solutions, The Earth Institute George Mason University Peter H. Raven, Ph.D. President Emeritus Paul R. Ehrlich, Ph.D. Carl Safina, Ph.D. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Ecology Endowed Professor for and Stanford University Humanity, School of Marine and Sylvia A. Earle, Ph.D. Atmospheric Sciences National Geographic Explorer in Mark Hixon, Ph.D. Co-chair, Alan Alda Center for Residence Professor and Hsiao Endowed Chair Communicating Science steering in Marine Biology committee, School of Journalism Gordon H. Orians University of Hawaii Stony Brook University Professor Emeritus of Biology University of Washington Peter Abrams F. Stuart Chapin III, Ph.D. Professor Distinguished Professor Emeritus Brendan P. Kelly, Ph.D. University of Toronto, Canada University of Alaska Fairbanks Executive Director Study of Environmental Arctic Robert M. May, O.M., A.C., F.R.S. Paul K. Dayton, Ph.D. Change President, Royal Society 2000-2005 Distinguished Professor Emeritus University of Alaska Fairbanks Distinguished Professor Emeritus Scripps Institution of Oceanography Oxford University, UK Trevor A. Branch, Ph.D. George L. Hunt Jr., Ph.D. School of Aquatic and Fishery Robert Elsner, Ph.D. Research Professor Sciences Professor Emeritus Aquatic & Fishery Sciences University of Washington School of Fisheries and Ocean University of Washington Sciences The Honorable Sherburne B. Abbott University of Alaska Fairbanks Daniel Pauly, Ph.D. University Professor Professor of Fisheries Syracuse University Kai Chan, Ph.D. University of British Columbia Associate Director OSTP/EOP Associate Professor 2009-2011 Environmental Science and Stanley Senner, M.S. Sustainability Vice President for Bird Conservation P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D. University of British Columbia Pacific Flyway Wadsworth Endowed Chair in Nation Audubon Society Philip Alatalo, M.S. University of Washington

2 John Alcock, Ph.D. Simona Bartl, Ph.D. Ocean Conservancy Emeritus Professor of the School of Life Sciences Nathan Basiliko, Ph.D. Allesandro Bocconcelli Arizona State University Associate Professor and Canada Research Specialist Research Chair in Environmental Woods Hole Oceanographic James Allen, Ph.D. Microbiology Institution Biobehavioral Health & Population Laurentian University, Canada Sciences Walter J. Bock, Ph.D. University of Minnesota Medical Trina Bayard, Ph.D. School Audubon Washington Columbia University

David J. Anderson, Ph.D. Giovanni Bearzi, Ph.D. Bazartseren Boldgiv, Ph.D. Department of Biology Dolphin Biology and Conservation Department of Ecology Wake Forest University National University of Mongolia David L. Bechler, Ph.D. Jacob Anderson, M.S. Professor Emeritus Finn Borchsenius, Ph.D. Geosciences Valdosta State University Aarhus University, Denmark Boise State Valdosta, GA William D. Bowman, Ph.D. Todd Anderson, Ph.D. Jessie Beck Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Professor of Biology Wildlife Biologist University of Colorado, Boulder San Diego State University Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge Bert Boyer, Ph.D. William D. Anderson, Jr., Ph.D. Paul Beier, Ph.D. Director, Center for Alaska Native Systematic Ichthyology Regents' Professor of Conservation Health Research Grice Marine Biological Laboratory Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Charleston Northern Arizona University Richard Bradley, Ph.D. Ricardo Antunes, Ph.D. Craig Benkman, Ph.D. The Ohio State University Ocean Giants Program Professor of Zoology & Physiology Wildlife Conservation Society University of Wyoming M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Ph.D. Associate Professor Caroline Armon John A. Berges University of Alaska Fairbanks Marine Ecology Educator Professor, Biological Sciences and Salish Sea Association of Marine Freshwater Sciences Carol A. Brewer, Ph.D. Naturalists University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Professor Emerita University of Montana, Missoula Janet Armstrong David M. Bird, Ph.D. Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Emeritus Professor of Wildlife Kenneth T. Briggs, Ph.D., D.V.M University of Washington Biology Mercy Pet Hospital McGill University Citrus Heights, CA Lauri Arvola, Ph.D. Environmental Research Jeff Black, Ph.D., D.Sc. Paul Broady, Ph.D. University of Helsinki, Finland Department of Wildlife University of Bristol, U.K. Humboldt State University Marta Azzolin, Ph.D. Annette Broderick, Ph.D. Life Sciences and Systems Biology Sandra Black, D.V.M. Associate Professor of Marine Department University of Calgary Faculty of Conservation University of Turin, Italy Veterinary Medicine, Department of University of Exeter, UK Ecosystem and Public Health Christopher R. Barnes, Ph.D. Franziska Broell, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Earth and Ocean Harvey D. Blankespoor, Ph.D. Department of Oceanography Sciences Professor Emeritus of Biology Dalhousie University University of Victoria, BC 1991 U.S. CASE U.S. Professor of the Year Jamie L. Brusa, M.S. Professor Rob Barrett Tromsø University Museum, Norway Tasia Blough Curtis Burkhalter, Ph.D. Research & Education Spencer C.H. Barrett The National Audubon Society New England Aquarium Whale Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Watch Gregor M. Cailliet, Ph.D. University of Toronto, Canada Professor Emeritus Sarah Bobbe, M.Sc. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories

3 California State University Dr. John Clague Memorial University Canada Simon Fraser University Michael L. Cain, Ph.D. Antony Diamond, Ph.D. Gershon Cohen, Ph.D. Bowdoin College University of New Brunswick CSAW Project Director Prassede Calabi, Ph.D. Earth Island Institute Lawrence Dill, PhD, FRSC Professor University of MA, Boston Emeritus, David C. Coleman Simon Fraser University Ken Caldeira Professor Emeritus Dept. of Global Ecology Odum School of Ecology Andy Dobson, D.Phil (Oxon) Carnegie Institution for Science University of Georgia Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Prof. Antonio Camacho, Ph.D. Mark A. Colwell, Ph.D. University of Valencia Wildlife Department Ellen Druffel Humboldt State University Fred Kavli Professor of Earth System Robin K. Cameron, Ph.D. Science David O. Conover Plant Biology U.C. Irvine McMaster University, Canada Professor, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Lawrence K. Duffy, Ph.D. Professor Miquel Canals Stony Brook University University of Alaska Fairbanks Marine Geosciences University of Barcelona, Spain Joseph Cook, Ph.D. Peter Dunwiddie, Ph.D. Biology Biology Department F. Lynn Carpenter University of New Mexico University of Washington Professor Emerita University of California, Irvine Colleen Corrigan Matthew Dzieciuch, Ph.D. University of Queensland Project Scientist Mark H. Carr Scripps Institution of Oceanography Professor, Department of Ecology and Nicola Crockford Evolutionary Biology Royal Society for the Protection of Peter Eklöv University of California, Santa Cruz Birds Professor in Limnology Uppsala University, Sweden Walter Carson, Ph.D. David A. Culver, Ph.D. Biological Sciences Aquatic Ecology Josef Elster, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh Ohio State University Centre for Polar Ecology University of South Bohemia Stephen Cumbaa, Ph.D. Ralph Cartar, Ph.D. Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Ecology & Researcher Emeritus University of Calgary, Canada Canadian Museum of Nature Dr. John England Professor Emeritus Herbert Curl, Jr., Ph.D. Nanette E. Chadwick Arctic Environmental Change, Earth NOAA (retired) Associate Professor of Biological & Atmospheric Sciences Sciences David Curson, Ph.D. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Auburn University Director of Bird Conservation Gidon Eshel, Ph.D. Hazel Chapman, Ph.D. Audubon Maryland-DC School of Biological Sciences Dominick A. DellaSala, Ph.D. Eugenie Euskirchen, Ph.D. University of Canterbury, NZ Chief Scientist Associate Research Professor David M. Checkley, Jr. Geos Institute, Ashland, OR Ecology, Institute of Arctic Biology Professor University of Alaska Fairbanks Amy Denton, Ph.D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Professor and Chair of Biology & William E. Faber, Ph.D. Constance Chen Sanchez, M.S. Geology Natural Resources Director, Important Bird Areas California State University Channel Central Lakes College, Brainerd, MN Program Islands Andrew Farnsworth, Ph.D. National Audubon Society Emma Despland, D.Phil. (Oxon.) Information Science John A. Cigliano, Ph.D. Biology Cornell Lab of Ornithology Environmental Conservation Program Concordia University, Canada Neus Figueras, M.S. Cedar Crest College Rodolphe Devillers, Ph.D. Geography

4 Daniel C. Fisher, Ph.D. Anthony Gaston Melania Guerra, Ph.D. Dept. Earth & Environmental Science Senior Research Scientist University of Washington University of Environment and Climate Change Canada Karlene Gunter, Ph.D. Thomas L. Fleischner, Ph.D. Biophysics Natural History Institute Thomas A. Gavin University of Rochester Prescott College Professor Emeritus Dept. of Natural Resources Sarah Gutowsky, Ph.D. Lisa Floyd-Hanna, Ph.D. Dalhousie University, Canada Prescott College Prescott, AZ Harold J. Geiger, Ph.D. Sigmund Hågvar Chief Scientist Norwegian University of Life Andrew Foggo, MA DPhil St. Hubert Research Group Sciences University of Plymouth, UK Juneau, Alaska Benjamin Halpern, Ph.D. Douglas J. Forsell Leah Gerber, Ph.D. Professor of Marine Conservation Life Sciences Bren School of Environmental David Foster Arizona State University Science & Management Director, Harvard Forest Director, National Center for Martin Gibling, Ph.D. Ecological Analysis & Synthesis University of California, Santa Shannon Leone Fowler, Ph.D. Celine Godard, Ph.D. Barbara Associate Professor of Environmental James Hanken, Ph.D., Director, Toxicology Michael Fox, Ph.D. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Texas Tech University School of the Environment Harvard University Trent University Ilan Golani Gordon F. Hartman, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Zoology Dr. William R. Fraser Fisheries Science Tel Aviv University Nanaimo, B.C., Canada Gail Fraser, Ph.D. Faculty of Max Goldman Bradford A. Hawkins, Ph.D. Environmental Studies Arctic Marine Ecologist Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary York University, Canada Audubon Alaska Biology Art Fredeen Michael N. Gooseff University of California, Irvine Professor, Ecosystem Science and Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research Ken R. Helms, Ph.D. Management University of Colorado University of Northern British Department of Biology Columbia, Canada Elise Granek, Ph.D. University of Vermont Environmental Science and Kringen Henein, Ph.D. Douglas J. Frederick Management Instructor in Environmental Science Professor of Forestry and Portland State University Environmental Resources Carleton University North Carolina State University Stewart Grant, Ph.D. Sharon M. Hermann, Ph.D. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Silvia Frey, Ph.D. Dept. of Biological Sciences Director Science and Education Cornelis Grimmelikhuijzen Auburn University OceanCare Professor of Biology Luise Hermanutz, Ph.D. University of Copenhagen, Denmark Alan Fryar, Ph.D. Ecologist Memorial University Earth and Environmental Sciences Gary D. Grossman, Ph.D. Canada University of Kentucky Forestry & Natural Resources Gerhard J. Herndl, Ph.D. University of Georgia Jed A Fuhrman, Ph.D. Professor of Marine Biology McCulloch-Crosby Chair of Marine Emeritus Professor Colin Groves University of Vienna, Austria Biology School of Archaeology & Ellen Hines, Ph.D University of Southern California Anthropology Professor Australian National University San Francisco State University Stuart H. Gage, Ph.D. Canberra, Australia Professor Emeritus Michael F. Hirshfield, Ph.D. Michigan State University Pamela Groves, Ph.D. Chief Scientist and Strategy Officer University of Alaska Fairbanks Oceana

5 John Hocevar, M.Sc. David Innes University of Washington Greenpeace USA Department of Biology Memorial University Walter D. Koenig, Ph.D. Peter Hodum, Ph.D. Cornell University Associate Professor, Biology David W. Inouye, Ph.D. University of Puget Sound Department of Biology Marianne G. Korosy, Ph.D. University of Maryland Important Bird Areas Program Mimi Hogan, M.S. Audubon Florida Wildlife Biology Dr. Carlos Alberto Iudica U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service Department of Biology and Ecology Dipl. Biol. Sven Koschinski Susquehanna University Meereszoologie, Nehmten, Germany Douglas A. Holdway, Ph.D. Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Erik I. Johnson, Ph.D. Gail Krantzberg, Ph.D. Aquatic Toxicology Director of Bird Conservation Aquatic Scientist University of Ontario Institute of Audubon Louisiana McMaster Masters in Engineering Technology, Ontario, Canada and Public Policy Program Mark Johnson, Ph.D. Karen Holl Scottish Oceans Institute Marcel Lambrechts, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental Studies University of St. Andrews University of California, Santa Cruz Mitchell M. Johns, Ph.D. William F. Laurance, Ph.D., FAA, Richard T. Holmes, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Soil and Crop FAAAS, FRSQ Biological Sciences Science Distinguished Research Professor & Dartmouth College California State University, Chico Prince Bernhard Chair in International Nature Conservation Osmund Holm-Hansen, Ph.D. James R. Karr, Professor Emeritus James Cook University Research Oceanographer School of Aquatic and Fishery Australia & Singapore Scripps Institution of Oceanography Sciences University of California at San Diego University of Washington, Seattle Isabelle Laurion Professor, Limnology Geoff Holroyd, Ph.D. Monika Kędra, Ph.D. INRS-ETE, Canada Retired Research Scientist Oceanography Canadian Wildlife Service IOPAN, Poland Dennis Lavrov, Ph.D. Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Roger LeB. Hooke Jeremy T. Kerr, Ph.D. Biology Geomorphology University Research Chair in Iowa State University University of Maine Macroecology and Conservation University of Ottawa Beverly Law, Ph.D. Haakon Hop, Ph.D. Global Change Biology Norwegian Polar Institute Knut Kielland, Ph.D. Oregon State University Tromsø, Norway Ecology University of Alaska Geoffrey S. LeBaron, M.S. Lara Horstmann, Ph.D. Christmas Bird Count Director Marine Biology William M. Kier, Professor National Audubon Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Biology UNC-Chapel Hill Ruth Leeney, Ph.D. Mads F. Hovmand Simon Fraser University, Vancouver Senior Scientist Alexander S. Kitaysky, Ph.D. Terrestrial Ecology Professor Pauline Snoeijs Leijonmalm Department of Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Professor of Marine Ecology University of Copenhagen, Denmark Stockholm University, Sweden Daniel Klem, Jr., Ph.D., D.Sc. Prof. Dr. Hans-W. Hubberten Biology Luc Lens Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany Muhlenberg College, USA Full Professor of Terrestrial Ecology Ghent University, Belgium Karen W. Hughes, Ph.D. Dr. Holger Klinck University of Tennessee Bioacoustics Research Program Marty L. Leonard, Ph.D. Cornell University Dalhousie University David Hyrenbach, Ph.D. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Associate Professor of Oceanography Terrie Klinger, Ph.D. Hawaii Pacific University Professor and Director Ken Lertzman, Ph.D. School of Marine and Environmental Professor, School of Resource and Affairs Environmental Management

6 Simon Fraser University Marc Mangel University of Florida British Columbia, Canada Distinguished Research Professor University of California Santa Cruz De Forest Mellon, Jr., Ph.D. Simon Levin, Ph.D. Princeton University Daniel H. Mann Associate Professor Arthur J. Miller, Ph.D. William Z. Lidicker, Jr. Department of Geosciences and Scripps Institution of Oceanography Professor of Integrative Biology Institute of Arctic Biology Emeritus University of Alaska Brian T. Miller, Ph.D. University of California Berkeley Department of Biology James H. Marden, Ph.D. Middle Tennessee State University Gene E. Likens, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Founding Director and President Pennsylvania State University Dr. Myron J. Mitchell Emeritus and Distinguished Senior Distinguished Professor Scientist Emeritus Jennifer L. Maresh, Ph.D. SUNY College of Environmental Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies University of California Santa Cruz Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY

Richard L. Lindroth, Ph.D. Timothy J. Maret, Ph.D. Twila Moon, Ph.D. Professor NSF Postdoctoral Fellow University of Oregon Karin Lochte, Ph.D. Shippensburg University Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Tiago A. Marques, Ph.D. Helmut C. Mueller Ph.D. Center for Polar and Marine Research Senior Research Fellow Emeritus Professor of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Heike K. Lotze, Ph.D. University of St. Andrews Hill Canada Research Chair in Marine Patrick Martin, Ph.D. Renewable Resources Alison Munson, PhD Dalhousie University, Canada Forest Ecology Cristiane C. A. Martins, Ph.D. Université Laval, CANADA Prof. Gary Luck, Ph.D. Tryphon Océans Institute for Land, Water and Society David F. Murray Jerome Marty, Ph.D. Charles Sturt University, Australia Professor of Botany and Curator University of Waterloo Emeritus Devin Lyons University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Nicole Misarti Water and Environmental Research University of Alberta Steven N. Murray Center Professor Emeritus Michael C. MacCracken, Ph.D. University of Alaska Fairbanks California State University, Fullerton Climate Institute, Washington, DC Dr. Juan F. Masello Knute J. Nadelhoffer, Ph.D. Sheila Macfie, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Ecology and Dept. of Biology Katie Matthews, Ph.D. Evolutionary Biology University of Western Ontario Deputy Chief Scientist Director, Canada Oceana Biological Station University of Michigan Stephen F. MacLean Kevin S. McCann, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Canadian Research Chair in Robert J. Naiman Institute of Arctic Biology and Biodiversity Professor Emeritus Department of Biology and Wildlife Aquatic & Fishery Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Daniel P. McCarthy, Ph.D. University of Washington Dept. of Earth Sciences Julie A.K. Maier, Ph.D. Brock University, Canada Donna Newman, Ph.D. Research Scientist Biochemistry Institute of Arctic Biology Dr. Marla S. McIntosh North Caroline State University University of Alaska Fairbanks Professor Emerita University of Maryland Barry R. Noon, Ph.D. Marvin W. Makinen, M.D., D.Phil. Professor of Wildlife Ecology Ian McLaren, Ph.D Colorado State University Daniela Maldini, Ph.D Biology Chief Scientist Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Richard D. Norris Okeanis Professor Gary K. Meffe, Ph.D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Adjunct Professor, Retired University of California, San Diego

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Gretchen B. North Guido Pietroluongo William E. Rees, PhD, FRSC Professor of Biology Veterinarian, Cetologist Professor Emeritus Occidental College University of British Columbia Dr. Jay Pitocchelli Steffen Oppel, Ph.D. Biology Mary Reid, Ph.D. Wildlife Biology Saint Anselm College Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Calgary, Canada Stephen Porder, Ph.D. Sarah Otto, Ph.D. Institute at Brown for Environment Marcel Rejmanek Department of Zoology and Society Professor, Department of Evolution University of British Columbia Brown University and Ecology University of California, Davis Dianna K. Padilla, Ph.D. Roger A. Powell Department of Ecology and Evolution Department of Applied Ecology Martin Renner, Ph.D. Stony Brook University North Carolina State University Tern Again Consulting Homer, AK Margaret A. Palmer David W. Pratt, Ph.D. Distinguished University Professor Chemistry John D. Reynolds, Ph.D. and Director UC Berkeley Department of Biological Sciences National Socio-Environmental Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada Synthesis Center Lynda Prior, Ph.D. University of Maryland University of Tasmania Fred M. Rhoades, Ph.D. Research Associate and retired Snæbjörn Pálsson, Ph.D. Laura Prugh, Ph.D. instructor, Biology, Professor School of Environmental and Forest Western Washington University, University of Iceland Sciences Bellingham WA USA University of Washington Michael A. Patten Denise Risch, Ph.D. Oklahoma Biological Survey David Punter, Ph.D. PostDoctoral Resarcher in University of Oklahoma Department of Biological Underwater Noise Sciences Scottish Association for Marine Judith Patterson, Ph.D. University of Manitoba Science (SAMS) Science College Concordia University Robert Michael Pyle, Ph.D. Julie Rivers Montreal Quebec Founder, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Inna Rivkin, Ph.D. James L. Patton, Ph.D. Portland, Oregon Associate Professor Professor and Curator Emeritus Dept. of Psychology and Center for Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Mirwais Qaderi, Ph.D. Alaska Native Health Research Department of Integrative Biology Department of Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks University of California, Berkeley Mount Saint Vincent University Martin Robards, Ph.D. Gustav Paulay, Ph.D. Professor James S. Quinn, Ph.D. Director, Arctic Beringia Program Florida Museum of Natural History Biology Department Wildlife Conservation Society University of Florida McMaster University, Canada Lee H. Robinson, M.S. Dan Pendleton, Ph.D. Volker Radeloff, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist Research Scientist Conservation Biology University of Wisconsin-Madison John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory Prof. George Robinson New England Aquarium José Luis Rangel, Ph.D. State University of New York at Albany Charles H. Peterson, Ph.D. Department of Conservation Biology The College of the Southern Frontier Distinguished Professor Dr. Michael S. Rodway R.P.Bio (ret.) Marine Sciences Chiapas, México University of North Carolina G. Carleton Ray, Ph.D. Andy Rogan Esther C. Peters, Ph.D. Research Professor Science Manager Biological Oceanography University of Virginia Ocean Alliance George Mason University Ginger Rebstock, Ph.D. Thomas Rooney Professor W. Tad Pfeffer Department of Biology Associate Professor of Biological University of Colorado at Boulder University of Washington Sciences Wright State University

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Terry L. Root, Ph.D. Anchorage, AK Professor of Integrative Biology Emerita University of California, Berkeley Woods Institute for the Environment Andreas Schramm Robert B. Spies, Ph.D. Stanford University Professor of Microbial Ecology Applied Marine Sciences Aarhus University, Denmark Howard Rosenbaum, Ph.D. Editor Emeritus Director-Ocean Giants Program David L. Secord, Ph.D. Marine Environmental Research Wildlife Conservation Society Barnacle Strategies Little River, CA University of Washington Toby Ross, M.Sc. Maria Stager, M.S. Simon Fraser University Science Manager Division of Biological Sciences Seattle Audubon Society Maria Servedio, Ph.D. Department of University of Montana Biology, University of North Carolina John T. Rotenberry, Ph.D. Christopher Still, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Biology Thomas W. Sherry, Ph.D. Ecology University of California-Riverside Ecology Oregon State University Tulane University Jeffrey N. Rothal Craig S. Strong Jeffrey W. Short, Ph.D. CEO, Crescent Coastal Research Julia A. Rowe, M.Phil., Ph.D. JWS Consulting LLC Powell Strong, M.Sc. Candidate Senior Lecturer University of Hawaii at Manoa David H. Shull, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental Science Pembrokeshire College, UK Dustin Rubenstein, Ph.D. Western Washington University Bridget Stutchbury Associate Professor Distinguished Research Professor Columbia University Dave Shutler, Ph.D. Department of Biology York University, Toronto Eric W. Sanderson, Ph.D. Acadia University Benjamin Sullender, M.S. Senior Conservation Ecologist Nova Scotia, Canada Audubon Alaska Wildlife Conservation Society Derek Sikes, Ph.D. Dipani Sutaria, Ph.D. Sarah Sargent, Ph.D. University of Alaska Museum ( James Cook University, Australia ) Program Manager for Bird University of Alaska Fairbanks India Conservation Claudio Sillero, D.Phil. Audubon Pennsylvania Trent M. Sutton, Ph.D. Wild Conservation Research Unit Fisheries Science Paul J Schaeffer, Ph.D. University of Oxford, UK University of Alaska Fairbanks Physiology Thomas D. Sisk, Ph.D. Miami University Michael C. Swift, Ph.D. Olajos-Goslow Chair of St. Olaf College Joseph R. Schiller, Ph.D. Environmental Science and Policy Zoology Northern Arizona University John Y. Takekawa, Ph.D. Austin Peay State University Director of Bird Conservation Scott Slocombe, Ph.D. National Audubon Society Science David W. Schindler, D.Phil. Professor of Geography & Division Killam Memorial Professor of Environmental Studies Ecology Emeritus Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada David Tallmon, Ph.D. University of Alberta Biology and Marine Biology Program Melanie Smith University of Alaska Southeast William H. Schlesinger, Ph.D. Director of Conservation Science Duke University Audubon Alaska Sherry Tamone, Ph.D. University of Alaska Southeast Dr. Ingo Schlupp Richard C. J. Somerville Biologist Distinguished Professor Emeritus Michael Tedengren, Ph.D. Norman, Oklahoma Scripps Institution of Oceanography Department of Ecology University of California, San Diego Stockholm University, Sweden G. Carl Schoch, Ph.D. Marine Ecology Heidi M. Sosik Joerg Tews, Ph.D. Coastal and Ocean Resources Woods Hole Oceanographic Trailmark Systems (Canada) Institution John W. Schoen, Ph.D. Margaret Thayer, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecologist, retired Wayne P. Sousa, Ph.D. Biology

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Field Museum of Natural History, US G. J. Wasserburg, Ph.D. Steven B. Young, Ph.D. Crafoord Laureate, John William H Thomas Ph.D. D.MacArthur Prof. (emeritus) Yanling Yu, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology Oceanography and Arctic Research University of Washington Simon R. Thorrold, Ph.D. David M. Watson, Ph.D., Professor of Senior Scientist Ecology, Charles Sturt University Dany Zbinden, M.Sc. Woods Hole Oceanographic Mériscope Marine Research Station Institution Lawrence J. Weider, Ph.D. Canada Gene R. Trapp, Ph.D. Gunter Weller Stephan I. Zeeman, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Professor Emeritus University of New England Dept. Biological Sciences University of Alaska California State University Anna M. Zivian, Ph.D. Sacramento Jeffrey Wells, Ph.D. Ocean Conservancy Science Director Nick Tregenza Boreal Songbird Initiative Roman Zurek, Ph.D. Chelonia Ltd.

Jan Marcin Weslawski Andrew Tyre, Ph.D. Professor, Institute of Oceanology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Polish Academy of Sciences Mark C. Urban, Ph.D. Sopot, Poland Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dr. Sue Wick University of Connecticut University of Minnesota James W. Valentine Sharon Wilcox, Ph.D. Professor of Integrative Biology Ocean Conservancy University of California, Berkeley Chad Wilsey, Ph.D. M. Jake Vander Zanden, Ph.D. National Audubon Society Science University of Wisconsin-Madison Division Peter D. Vickery, Ph.D. Jon D. Witman, Ph.D. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Raimo Virkkala, Ph.D. Brown University Leading Researcher Finnish Environment Institute Larry L. Wolf, Ph.D. Professor of Biology, Emeritus Frank A. von Hippel Syracuse University Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, George M. Woodwell University of Alaska Anchorage Director Emeritus Woods Hole Research Center Donald A. Walker, Ph.D. Professor, Institute of Arctic Biology Timothy Wootton University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Ecology & Evolution University of Chicago Bradley B. Walters, Ph.D. Professor of Geography & Bettina Wurche Environment Biologist and Journalist Mount Allison University Darmstadt, Germany New Brunswick, Canada Camila Azevedo Xavier, M.Sc. Jon Warrenchuk, M.Sc. Marine Bioacoustics Oceana Oran R. Young, Ph.D. Stuart Warter, Ph.D. Bren School Biological Science University of California, Santa California State University Barbara Long Beach Rebecca C. Young, Ph.D.

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