Roundup Fall parade SPACE CENTER ROUNDUP • Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Volume 44 • Number 12

The annual Child Care Center Fall Carnival Costume Parade NASA JSC2005E42729 snaked through JSC on Oct. 28, bringing an adorable assortment of superheroes, princesses, witches and goblins to the center. JSC team members lined up outside their buildings to pass out goodies to the trick-or-treaters. NASA JSC2005E42780 NASA JSC2005E42737 NASA JSC2005E42771 Copyright NASA by Pat Rawlings/SAIC NASA JSC2005E42775 Photography: Crystal Schroeder

Space Center Roundup PRSRT STD Out-of-this-world food The Roundup is an official publication of the U.S. POSTAGE National Aeronautics and Space Administration, PAID Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, and is WEBSTER, TX Space food scientists at Johnson Space Center project that fruit and vegetable crops grown during published by the Public Affairs Office for all Space Permit No. 39 future missions to the moon and Mars will be cultivated in hydroponic growth chambers similar to Center employees. The Roundup office is in Bldg. 2, this conceptual image. Hydroponic growth chambers enable scientists to grow plants in a water-based Rm. 166A. The mail code is AP121. Visit our Web system that delivers food and water to the roots of the plants while eliminating the need for soil. site at: http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/roundup/online/ For distribution questions or to suggest a story idea, please call 281/244-6397 or send an e-mail to [email protected]..gov. December Joanne Hale Editor Kendra Phipps Assistant Editor Catherine Borsché and Brad Thomas Staff Writers 2005 Marshall Mellard Graphic Designer Houston, Texas

From the Center Director NASA names former A MESSAGE FROM CENTER DIRECTOR MICHAEL L. COATS new Johnson Space Center director

Michael L. Coats has been named director of Johnson Space Family matters Center. Coats is a former astronaut, and recently served as vice president of Lockheed Martin Astronautics in Denver. He is the ninth person to serve as director in the It seems appropriate, especially at this time of year, that my first Roundup column be about one center’s 44-year history.

of my top priorities, and that is families. The nature of our space business is such that we attract “Mike Coats brings a perfect blend of experience to his new role as the head of the talented, dedicated and hard-working people. They take a great deal of pride in the jobs they do, nation’s primary center for human spaceflight development and operations,” said NASA and they do them well. There are times we all have to work long hours, sometimes for extended Administrator Michael Griffin. “As a former pilot and astronaut, and a long-time periods of time, and frequent travel away from home is part of the job. But it’s imperative that aerospace industry executive, he knows what our next generation of manned spacecraft families come first. must be able to do, and he knows what it takes to produce them. I’m delighted to Rick Emerie welcome Mike back home to NASA.” I’ve learned over the years that taking good care of the family at home makes you much more productive at work. And while NASA S86-33163 Coats joined NASA in 1978 as a member of the first astronaut class specifically selected there are times when we all put in the extra time and effort when we should, there is enough flexibility built into the rules to fly the . He flew three shuttle missions, the first as pilot for the maiden to allow everyone to invest the necessary time in our family life. Coats is a retired Navy flight of Discovery in 1984. He commanded two subsequent shuttle missions, logging a captain who graduated total of more than 463 hours in space. I certainly enjoyed my shuttle missions, but my fondest memories are of coaching my daughter’s soccer and softball teams, from the Naval Academy my son’s Little League and Pony League teams, and attending their high school baseball games and marching band in 1968. He flew 315 Before joining NASA he was a combat missions in performances. I even miss sitting in hard bleacher seats. distinguished U.S. Navy aviator. He southeast Asia from logged more than 5,000 hours of flight 1970-1972 as an A-7E After more than 37 years in the aviation and space business, I know I’ll never have to tell someone they aren’t working hard time in 28 different types of aircraft. pilot aboard the USS He retired from NASA and the Navy in enough, but many times I’ve had to tell folks late at night to go home to the family. I encourage everyone to stop for a few Kittyhawk. He later August 1991. minutes and think about their priorities. And remember that you are part of your family, too, and taking care of yourself is served as a test pilot and flight instructor at the critical. You owe it to yourself and your family to make the effort to be around for a long while. “I look forward to returning to JSC, Naval Test Pilot School. and I am honored by the trust Mike I know I don’t have to explain the benefits of proper diet and exercise, and I haven’t always been the best example, but your Griffin has shown in me,” Coats said. health has to be your first priority. Personal time is also important. Part of a healthy lifestyle is to find the time on a regular “We will embrace the challenge of the basis to do what you enjoy doing. The pace of life is becoming more frantic all the time. If you don’t believe me, just try Selected as an astronaut new Constellation program that will take us first to the moon, and then driving at the speed limit sometime. Make sure you slow down occasionally and enjoy the riches and beauty of the wonderful candidate in January 1978, Coats became on to Mars. At the same time, the world around us. a NASA astronaut in contributions of the space shuttle and August 1979. A veteran International Space Station will be Lastly, I’d like to point out that you are part of the “Space Family” as well. It doesn’t matter to me whether you’re a of three spaceflights, critical steps in that journey, and we government or contractor employee; we are all part of a team that needs to function as smoothly as possible in order to Coats has logged over remain committed to their success.” accomplish the missions of operating the shuttle and station safely while at the same time transitioning to a new space 463 hours in space. transportation system. Good communications are mandatory, and treating each other with respect, consideration and patience Coats replaces Jefferson D. Howell Jr., who is on assignment as a visiting will not only help us achieve our mission objectives but continue to make the Johnson Space Center the best place in or out professor to the Lyndon B. Johnson of this world to work. I am realizing one of my dreams, which is to work for all of you here at JSC, and I’m looking forward School of Public Affairs at the to a busy and productive year in 2006. Please enjoy the holiday season, and spend some time with your proudest University of Texas at Austin. achievements – your families.

NASA S78-35297

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HOLIDAY TRADITIONS IN SPACE When the Beyond ‘the good Earth’ clock strikes midnight... by Brad Thomas on Jan. 1, it signifies the end of one year and the beginning of another. Officially, the same is true on the International Space Station. However, a station crew could make the case for oliday observances from space have varied in scope, celebrating New Year’s more than once in a 24-hour period. but the first caused people around the world to turn The station crew’s official time-keeping system is Coordinated Htheir attention to the heavens when the Apollo 8 Universal Time (UTC), which is often referred to as Greenwich Mean crew delivered its famous Christmas Eve broadcast from Time. Central Standard Time, which is the time used by Houstonians, lunar orbit. is six hours behind UTC. For example, when the new year arrives on the station at 0000 UTC (12 a.m.) Jan. 1, it will be 6 p.m. CST Dec. 31

Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell NASA STS103-713-015 in Houston. and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans The sun reflects off the Hubble Space Telescope above the space shuttle Due to the station’s orbit, the crew will unofficially see the arrival to orbit the moon on Christmas Eve 1968. They were also the Discovery’s cargo bay in Earth orbit. It was returned to service by the of the new year multiple times. The space station orbits the Earth first to spend Christmas in space. STS-103 crew on Christmas Day, 1999. 16 times per day; therefore, it crosses the International Date Line 16 times. During the live broadcast, they sent Christmas greetings and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and spent a quiet Station crews usually enjoy well-deserved off-duty time and talking images back to their home . The mission provided Christmas Day opening gifts and talking to their families. with their families on New Year’s Day. stunning images of the moon and of the Earth, including the The crew, the first to live aboard the station, marked famous image of the Earth rising above the lunar surface. Even though Santa and his reindeer are unable to reach the the beginning of 2001 with a special log entry. Commander Bill Lovell said, “The vast loneliness is awe-inspiring, and it makes orbital outpost, the station crews still receive gifts. The Shepherd followed a U.S. Navy tradition in which the person in charge you realize just what you have back there on Earth.” NASA ISS010E11145 holiday treats are sent to the station on space shuttle, Soyuz on a ship provides an entry at the start of a new year. He entered a Astronaut Leroy Chiao, Expedition 10 commander and ISS science officer, and Progress spacecraft. Near the end of the broadcast, the Apollo 8 crew read from poses with holiday decorations in the Destiny laboratory of the poem that he penned. the Bible in the Book of Genesis. Before the Scripture reading, International Space Station. Four more crews have spent Christmas on the space station. Borman closed the message with the words “good night, good Expedition 4 celebrated with turkey and other traditional luck, a Merry Christmas, and God bless all of you – all of you In 1999, the STS-103 crew gave NASA and the world a present holiday foods. The Expedition 6 crew assembled and frosted on the good Earth.” that is still giving to the scientific community. After three a cake shaped like a candy cane. consecutive days of spacewalks to make repairs and upgrades, It is estimated that as many as 1 billion people watched the they returned the Hubble Space Telescope to service on The Expedition 8 crewmembers – Commander Mike Foale and historic broadcast or listened to it on the radio. Christmas Day. Hubble had been in hibernation since the loss Flight Engineer Alexander Kaleri – celebrated their second of its fourth gyroscope, which was designed to enable the Christmas in space with a relaxing day off. Foale served as an Apollo 8 launched from Earth on Dec. 21, 1968 and entered telescope to point precisely at distant astronomical targets for STS-103 crewmember and Kaleri served aboard with Blaha. lunar orbit on Christmas Eve. The Apollo 8 crewmembers ended scientific observations. But before winding down for their time off, the duo provided their history-making journey when they splashed down in the a video of holiday preparations. Pacific Ocean on Dec. 27. Eight more Apollo missions would After waking to Bing Crosby’s “I’ll be Home for Christmas,” visit the moon, with six of them landing on its surface. STS-103 Commander Curt Brown began the busy Christmas Day In 2004, Christmas Day was unique for Mission Control and for in orbit with a special holiday greeting. “Merry Christmas to all the crew aboard the station. As parts of Houston experienced The Skylab 4 crew was the next set of astronauts to spend of you down there,” Brown said. “And Hubble will be home for their first-ever white Christmas, flight controllers tracked the Christmas in space, in 1973. To give Skylab a touch of the Christmas ‘cause today we’re going to set her free.” progress of a special delivery to the station. Late in the day, holiday season, Commander Gerald Carr, Pilot William Pogue the Expedition 10 crew welcomed the arrival of a Progress and Scientist Edward Gibson made a Christmas tree with Later, each of the seven STS-103 crewmembers, including cargo ship carrying supplies.

food cans. astronauts from the United States, France and Switzerland, ISS008E10768 The station’s current crewmembers, Expedition 12 Commander

called down holiday wishes from space in several languages NASA It would be 22 years before another American would spend Bill McArthur and Flight Engineer Valery Tokarev, expect to after Space Shuttle Discovery departed Hubble. Astronaut C. Michael Foale (left), Expedition 8 mission commander and ISS science Christmas outside Earth’s atmosphere. Astronaut John Blaha receive holiday goodies aboard a Progress cargo ship scheduled officer, and cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri, flight engineer, pose with holiday celebrated the holiday in orbit aboard the Russian Mir space The first Christmas aboard the space station occurred in 2000 to arrive at the station Dec. 23. decorations in the Zvezda Service Module on the space station. station in 1996. with the Expedition 1 crew. Astronaut Bill Shepherd and

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Cosmic cuisine of the future A typical martian dinner might include THE ADVANCED FOOD SYSTEM dishes such as spinach and tomato by Tiffany Travis crouton salad, wheat pasta...

How do you feed a crew of six astronauts on “Our biggest challenge in the near future is to develop a When the crewmembers arrive at their destination, the lack important it is to have a quality food system that is nutritious, packaging material that provides us with high oxygen and of fertile soil on the lunar and martian surfaces will make safe and tasty. an 80-million-mile, three-year mission to Mars, moisture barrier properties without the foil layer (now being stepping into the backyard to grow a garden impossible. used in food packaging). In addition, this packaging material Instead, astronauts will build hydroponic growth labs, where In addition to the crew’s physical health, psychosocial health has been identified as an important factor during space where there are no grocery stores, gardens, must be compatible with our current preservation pick-and-eat vegetables – as well as white and sweet potatoes, technologies,” Perchonok said. soybeans, wheat, rice, peanuts and dried beans – can be grown. missions. There is a concern that if crewmembers are under stress, their health and performance will suffer. farms, fertile soil or a resupply vehicle? The latter crops would require processing to convert raw goods, “If we are successful, the result will be less packaging waste such as wheat, into foods such as bread and pasta. and easier waste disposal through biodegradation or by Anecdotal reports state that healthier and tastier foods will incineration,” she said. To make food processing a reality, specialized equipment will decrease the stress often experienced by the crew. This suggests that taste, menu variety and an array of textures, colors and Michele Perchonok, advanced food systems lead likely be needed for each crop grown. The martian food The AFS approach includes extending the shelf life of a stored flavors can contribute to the psychosocial well-being of the crew. at Johnson Space Center, is one of the many processing equipment will be much smaller than standardized food system from 18 months (currently the typical shelf life space food scientists working harder than ever equipment and will use minimal water, power and crew time. Dr. of space station stored foods) to up to five years, while Next steps to find the answer to this question. Perchonok is developing an maintaining a variety of great-tasting foods. With the need If harvested crops cannot be grown, bulk ingredients such as In the near term, researchers of the AFS must determine the Advanced Food System (AFS) that will provide crews traveling for longer shelf life, the menu will move more towards packaged soybeans or wheat berries can be sent with the crew galley requirements for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and to the moon and Mars with safe, nutritious and appetizing food thermostabilized foods, which maintain their quality longer on the mission to be used later. develop the new and improved packaging material that will while minimizing volume, mass and waste. than current freeze-dried foods. integrate with current preservation technologies. Perchonok said one of the most exciting outcomes of the What’s cooking in the kitchen? The food will be contained in airtight, lightweight packaging In the long term, scientists will determine which preservation research and development of an AFS is the potential Once on the moon or martian surface, each of the crew’s meals toensure freshness. It will then be stored in the crew vehicle to methods and packaging materials will provide a five-year shelf advancement in food technology. will be prepared in the habitat galley using fresh vegetables, maximize its shelf life while remaining accessible to the crew. ingredients processed from the crops and other stored items. life for the stored food system. Then experts will need to “There are so many emerging technologies that will be available The galley equipment will likely be similar to commercially develop enough products to provide the crew with enough for use by the time we go on extended missions to the moon Space gardening available gourmet kitchen appliances, modified for use in variety and nutrition for the three-year mission to Mars. or Mars,” Perchonok said. “These technologies, whether new In addition to stored foods, the AFS includes a menu of fresh partial gravity. Perchonok and her team at JSC are also keeping several extreme preservation technologies or improved methods to process the vegetables. Ten pick-and-eat vegetable crops have been long-term goals in mind. crops, will allow us to have an even more acceptable and identified for possible growth in transit on long-duration A typical martian dinner might include dishes such as spinach missions: lettuce, spinach, carrots, tomatoes, green onions, and tomato crouton salad, wheat pasta with tomato sauce and nutritious food system.” “We will also be developing food preparation and food radishes, bell peppers, strawberries, fresh herbs and cabbages. a chocolate peanut butter soymilk shake. processing equipment for the Mars missions that is really long Shelf life and packaging These crops will provide the crew with added nutrition and term since the Mars missions – where crops are grown and food One of the biggest challenges facing Perchonok and her team Martian dining for the body and mind variety. Veggies, unlike prepackaged foods, will add bright is processed – are over 30 years away!” Perchonok said. of space food scientists is the development of the packaging The crew’s health and well-being will be a high priority colors, crisp textures and fresh aromas to the crew’s menu. materials needed for the AFS. throughout the mission. The longer the mission, the more

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This places the new planet in the , a dark realm astronomer in the Astromaterials Research and Exploration beyond Neptune where thousands of small icy bodies orbit the Science (ARES) Directorate at JSC, said. “I’m really on the side sun. The planet appears to be typical of Kuiper Belt objects, only that it’s not a planet.” Stealing Pluto’s thunder much bigger. Its sheer size in relation to the nine known means that it can only be classified as a planet, Brown said. The debate heated up as astronomers learned more about our solar system and found that Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, by Catherine E. Borsché Backyard astronomers with modern detectors mounted on large Saturn, Uranus and Neptune were not alone. Scientists began telescopes can find the new planet, which looks like a dim speck discovering objects that did not fit neatly into the planet of light moving very slowly against the starry background. category, but were still significant nonetheless. It became clear these objects were not planets, but “little planetoids,” Dr. Mark The planet was discovered by Brown, of the Matney, JSC ARES planetary scientist, said. Gemini Observatory in Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and David This artist’s concept shows the planet cataloged as 2003UB313 at Rabinowitz of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. They first As a result of these findings, a separate “minor planets” the lonely outer fringes of our solar system. Our sun can be seen photographed the new planet with Caltech’s 48-inch Samuel category was designated. Ten years ago, there were about in the distance. The new planet, which is yet to be formally Oschin Telescope on named, is at least as big as Pluto and about three times farther Oct. 31, 2003. The away from the sun than Pluto. It is very cold and dark. The object was so far “Having a moon is just inherently cool – and it is planet was discovered by the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the away, however, that near San Diego, Calif., on Jan. 8. something that most self-respecting planets have...” its motion was not detected until they reanalyzed the data in January of this year. 28,000 minor planets, also known as . Now close to 300,000 have been discovered. “We are 100 percent confident that this is the first object bigger than Pluto ever found in the outer solar system,” Brown said. “It’s clear that Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are a family, the gas giants. But Pluto we’ve known for a long time The planet’s temporary name is 2003 UB313. A permanent name is different from the others. Then, with the discovery of Kuiper has been proposed by the discoverers to the International Belt objects, people began talking about Pluto maybe being a Astronomical Union (IAU), and they are awaiting a decision big Kuiper Belt object,” Matney said. “And here you find an before announcing the name. However, scientists have object [Xena] that’s clearly bigger than Pluto…” nicknamed the planet Xena after the fictional warrior princess. To complicate matters, Xena has a moon. “And that’s where the And, to add even more wonder to the discovery itself, this parallels really are. In fact, there are two or three other Kuiper planet has company out in the recesses of the solar system. Belt objects that have moons also,” Barker said.

“Since the day we discovered Xena, the big question has been So, is Xena just really a Kuiper Belt object with a moon – or whether or not it has a moon,” Brown said. “Having a moon a planet? is just inherently cool – and it is something that most self- respecting planets have, so it is good to see that this one Unfortunately, it’s more in the eye of the beholder than does too.” anything else. The IAU has not officially ruled on whether or not Xena is a planet, or even how they plan on defining a Brown estimates that the moon, dubbed Gabrielle after Xena’s planet in general. sidekick, is at least one-tenth the size of Xena. There are probably more cultural reasons to classify Xena as “Pluto once seemed a unique oddball at the fringe of the solar a planet than anything else. If Pluto stays categorized as a system,” Brown said. “But we now see that Xena, Pluto and the planet because it has long been considered one, then Xena too NASA/JPL-Caltech others are part of a diverse family of large objects with similar must be a planet. Xena clearly has more heft than Pluto, and characteristics, histories and even moons, which together will has a moon to boot. teach us more about the solar system than any single oddball ever would.” “Whatever happens to Pluto, it sounds like Xena will be in the It looks as if the schoolteachers may be On July 29, 2005, Dr. Mike Brown of the Institute same category,” Matney said. redoing their solar system charts. of Technology (Caltech) announced the discovery of the new To be or not to be…a planet planet in the outer region of our solar system. The planet, Not everyone in the astronomy community agrees with Xena’s, One thing is for sure. “There’s just a lot of leftover building A new planet has been discovered in the solar system. And, if which hasn’t been officially named yet, is about 97 times or for that matter Pluto’s, planetary distinction. blocks out in the outer solar system,” Barker said. you were to craft this planet out of foam for a school science farther from the sun than Earth, or 97 Astronomical Units (AU). Which means, as Matney said, “There may be some more Xenas project, it would be roughly 20 to 30 percent larger than Pluto. In comparison, Pluto is 30 AU from the sun. “There’s been a big debate going on for some time, even before the tenth planet Xena was discovered,” Dr. Ed Barker, planetary before we’re done.”

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Roundup 10 A new day A newday NASA/Blair JSC2005E42285 Engineer V (above right)andFlight Commander BillMcArthur Oct. 24,talkwithExpedition12 Center andMissionControlon during avisittoJohnsonSpace and Rep.AlGreen(D-TX), Rep. SheilaJackson Lee(D-TX), Rep. Ken Calvert(R-CA), Pictur the InternationalSpaceStation. ed lefttoright: alery T okarev aboard

NASA/Blair JSC2005E42285 r “In an our ultimate survival. stati Starboar task. The new device issimilartothe camera assemblyonthe 3 and Port 4Truss segments during STS-115. O by CatherineE.Borsché a newmission also afi United Statessuitsinmore thantwoyears. Thisspacewalkwas Cam tog On N don’t thinkaboutthe future don’t liveinthe future.” importan The abilitytogrow and harvestfood inspaceisof considerable be abletoconsume asfood.” g obtain peasgrown onthe station inthe fourth and fifth is anexperiment called Plants. Thatexperiment allows[us]to flights tothe other planets,” Tokarev said. “Forexample, there plan One such experiment “givesusthe opportunitytogrow some accumulated aboard the station. than 100,000h expected tototalseveral thousand hours, adding tothe more The operation of individual experiments on Expedition 12is crews willhaveanevenmore capablespacestation toworkin.” expansion of thisuniquelaboratory environment sothatfuture and workinspace,” McArthur said. “We wouldlike tosee research thatistargeted toward enhancing ourcapabilitytolive operational state of the International SpaceStation, toconduct “In itsverybroadest sense, ourgoals are tomaintain first the continue tobepriorities. focused educational activities and Earthobservations will of the time for the Expedition 12crew, research, science- most Although station operations and maintenance willtake up an William McArthur, Expedition 12Flight Engineer Valery Tokarev esour eneration, and we’llbeabletoalsogrow greens thatwewill d spaceflight participant Gregory Olsen. eth er ts onthe spacestation tobeready togo for long-duration on assembly ov a in ces y case othe orbiting complex were Expedition 12Commander to th n Sept.30,humankind againreached for the starswith er . 7,the crewmembers participated intheir spacewalk first rst f . Thise d 1Truss. Thiscamera willplayabig role infuture e launch of the Expedition 12crew. Onboard the trip ce ,” T stallati , asitwillben or Tokarev. , wear ok ar x ours o cursi , asitwillbeusedafterth on th ev said. “People who don’t lookahead and e now living inaworldwithlimited on wasthe firststation-based spacewalkin f experiment operation time already e P ecessary f ort 1Truss wasthe firstprimary or lon g-d e arrivalo ur ation flight and f th X e Port to allowusd space e comfortable. Well, weneed togivebirth totrueinterplanetary bit scar we’r and keep uswarmand safe,” McArthur said. “It’s almost like M human condition better.” world the development of technology inthiscountry, and inthe think spaceexploration hasbeenthistremendous catalystfor di in 20years, you’llbemore disappointed bythe things you “Well, tostealafewwords from Mark Twain …He wrote that, solved before wecanventure tothe moon, Mars and beyond. m toward the Vision for SpaceExploration during the crew’s six- Expedition 12willhaveample opportunities tomake itsmark Airlock, butthatisstillbein athird spacewalkinearly2006originating from the Quest be additional spacewalk isslatedfor December. There may even This won’tbethe lasttime the crew ventures outside. An along railroad-like tracks onthe station’s main truss. circuit breaker. Thisisonthe mobile transporter, which moves and replacement of aremote powercontroller module, akind of Crewmembers then completedasecond get-ahead task:removal potential and compare ittothe surrounding plasma. Probe, which isdesigned tomeasure the station’s electrical The crew then removed and jettisoned the Floating Potential space station. back toseewhatwent wrong before others are sent tothe con the get-ahead tasks:the retrieval of afailed remote joint motor the Floating Potential Probe jettison,they moved ontoone of th McArthur and Tokarev spent abouttwohours, 10minutes on we havethiscad we spen “I thinkwecheat alittlebitright now. We launch from Earth, n eeds tobe cArth onth stay. There are stillmany unknowns thatneed tobe dn’t do thanbythe things youdid do,” McArthur said. “I e camera assemblyinstallation. Inorder tohavedaylight for troller. Engineers said they were anxious toget thisone e th . I ur o xploration. And, Iwouldsaythe space station isgoing ed t’s beenatr e childthat’speeked outof the womb, gotten alittle d alon , an ffers another viewpoint onwhere spaceexploration . d we’veg g time onorbit,and wego backtoEarthwhere o that.” r e o em f won 12 en on d e backinwh d ous catalystf erful peopleth g discussed ere it’snice and safeand or ustomake the . ere toscoopusup Roundup 11