1955 New Expressway Through Placerville, Illustrated______10 by P

D Publie Works Building ~~.11for~ia Ki Twelfth and Sfreefs ~h~a ~ s N aid Public forks Sacramento O~cial Journal of the Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of California

KENNETH C. ADAMS, Editor HELEN HALSTED, Assistant Editor MERRITT R. NICKERSON, Chief Photographer

Vo1.34 November-December Nos.11-12

Page Historic Sherwin Grade in Inyo-Mono Counties which is being modernized. Photo by Robert A. Munroe, Photographic Section, Department of Public Works, M. R. Nickerson, Chief. (See Page 13). Cover FIFONI THE CHIEF JUSTOCE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Freeways in District XI, Illustrated_ _ _.______1 Washington 13, D. C. By J. Dekema, District Engineer CHAMBERS OF „Open Water" Fill, illustrated _ __ — _ ------_ --- $ THE CHIEF JUSTICE By Vincent O. Smith, Senior Highway Engineer November 14, 1955 New Expressway Through Placerville, Illustrated______10 By P. C. Sheridan, Assistant District Engineer and T. G. Smith, District Construction Engineer MR. K. C. ADAMS,Editor Sherwin Grade, Illustrated___--_..------14 California highways and By Dorothy Sherwin Vellom Public Works Redwood Empire, Illustrated ___ _ _-----__-.__------___---- 17 Dear Ken: Enclosed you will find the card requesting the California Plumas County Bridge Receives Award, Illustrated______._..______19 Highways and Public Works. Placer County Uses FAS Funds to Replace Outmoded Bridge, Illustrated____ 2p would feel lost without it. For me, it By Herbert E. Abell, Road Commissioner is as exhilarating as a western Manteca Freeway, Illustrated ____ 22 thriller. I read and reread every By K. N. Hatch, Resident Engineer issue because it reflects more than any other publication the growth, Bay Bridge, Illustrated_ __..______24 By William Travis, District Construction Engineer development and progress of Cali- fornia. Cajon Pass, Illustrated_-_-___--___--___.-_---_----_--_--- - _-_--- 27 With best wishes to you and all of By C. G. Beer, Assistant District Engineer your associates in the Department of Employees Receive 25-Year Awards _ 30 Public Works, I am New Budget -----__. _. _---_--_-_ 31 Sincerely, Cost Index.------____------__ _- 36 EARL WARREN Do People Like Freeways? Illustrated.._.___.______---___— 38 Retirements From Service, Illustrated______..______--_-__ 42 Shasta County Project Now Is Completed, Illustrated ______--_-_------48

Traffic Lines, Illustrated-_--_---_--_-_-..------50 Published in the interest of highway development in Cali- By Earl E. Sorenson, Equipment Engineer fornia. Editors of newspapers and others are privileged to Findings, Illustrated______------— ------52 use matter contained herein. Cuts will be gladly loaned ---- — ------By Bailey Tremper, Supervising Materials and Research Engineer, and upon request. W. E. Haskell, Associate Materials and Research Engineer Address communications to Factors in Output of Highway Organizations_____..-_------— ------56 Engineering CAi!FORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS By Harmer E. Davis, Director, Institute of Transportation and Traffic P. O. Box 1499 Engineer's Wife Writes About Jungle Road Building _____-__-_------___ 61 Sacramento, California Out of the Mail Bag _ ------_---- - 62 By J. DEKEMA r~evua s n District Engineer

San Diego Meets Challenge For Modern Highways is ric

location of all fu- ~HE PHENOMENAL glOWtll of the SSri advance geometric design of all inter- lishing the ultimate Diego area continues to demand the change facilities. ture state freeways and the location modern highway transportation that i~ of alb future interchanges and ramp Loeal Agencies Cooperate the foundation of today's economy. connections so that local planning de- As an illustration of the growth of San The Division of Highways in co- partments can establish outlets and Diego County, suffice it to state that operation with local agencies is estab- connections for their systems. the population has increased in the Street intersection. past 50 years at a rate almost 2%Z times Federal Aid Secondary job in A►varado Canyon in La Mesa, Jackson in background. Limited access design. as great as the growth rate for the Fletcher Hills State of California as a whole. Fortunately, the citizens of San Diego have been acutely highway conscious since the advent of the automobile. The county is blessed with many fine highways built years ago as a result of public donations and local bond issues. Austin B. Fletcher organized the county highway system in such a fine manner that he was offered the position of State Highway Engineer to do a similar job for the State after passage of the first state highway bond issue.

Advance Planning Far-sighted advance planning has continued, and as early as 1931 the City of San Diego adopted a "Major Street Plan" that incorporates many of today's freeway projects. The California Division of High- ways, the County of San Diego, and the cities of the metropolitan area are cooperating in the development of an integrated system of freeways, major highways and city streets. The City of San Diego has established a technical coordinating committee, including a committee on transportation research, which is establishing a long range system for the ultimate development of the entire road system in this area. This committee is integrating the city and county major street and highway plans with the State's freeway system. The ultimate aim of this committee is the adopted location of all future freeways and major highways and the establishment of final grades and the

Highways

2 California California

Carlsbad San San to County County Diego Diego 395 395 San San in in US US Diego Diego of of all all Valley, Mission Mission of of north north road, road, same same through through Freeway Freeway

the north north of to to conversion conversion require require of of to to traffic traffic cient cient the the the On On of of tion tion interchanges. interchanges. several several portion portion completed completed

point a a suffi- distance distance of of generate generate ultimately ultimately 13 13 will will mona mona lanes lanes this this moderniza- six six to to four four the the and and miles. miles. From From

to to border border Po- Corona Corona City, to to and and Elsinore Elsinore 13th 13th through through from National National -Park, -Park, Balboa- expansion expansion Street Street requires requires in in

Mexican has has been been Murrietta and and Temecula Temecula between between completed completed 395 395 beautiful of of heart heart the the through through US US from from the the

395 of of ception ception US US three three intersections, with with junction junction at the the from from 71 71 carrying Cabrillo Cabrillo known known -grade -grade Freeway, Freeway,

Montgomery Montgomery Route Sign Sign ex- State State Freeway, Freeway, of of standards standards modern modern the the The The expressways. expressways. well- with with freeways freeways and and

the the At At end end south south on completion completion the of of eventual eventual the the with with bined bined existing county county of of improvement improvement further further the the

to to completed completed been been Bernardino, Bernardino, com- standards. San San freeway freeway Riverside Riverside and and is the the contemplated contemplated work work of of Much Much

of of sections sections of Cities Cities the the Several Several through through 395 395 US US have US US 101 101 of of ment ment

Cabrillo Cabrillo Expansion Freeway Freeway

improve- further further VIII VIII

District District In In mar. mar. commission.

Mira- of of north north four four

to to

lanes lanes two two

from from County. Diego Diego for for by by conclusion conclusion consideration consideration the

present present facility the the

expanding expanding

require require

San in in progress progress of of status status the the freeway freeway arrive arrive to to a a way way at at Engineer Engineer tentative

also will will Escondido Escondido Diego Diego

and and

San San

map map indicates The The accompanying accompanying the the enable enable will will that that

tion tion State State

High-

traffic traffic between commercial commercial and and

muter muter

and and informa- oped oped additonal additonal obtain obtain to to

commission. the the by by

com- Increasing Increasing being being planned. planned. is is

way way

devel- with with have have that that facts facts the the been been

78 78 freeways as as adopted adopted been been have have and and

present present express- intersections intersections the the on on

public

the the trict trict acquaint acquaint to to

engineer engineer

Routes Routes Sign Sign State State and and 80 80 US US of of

of of grade all all

elimination elimination the the Miramar, Miramar,

dis- the the are are ings ings by by conducted conducted

being being

395, 395, and and

of of most most segments US US 101 101 US US

at Station Station Air Air Naval Naval by by erated erated

the the

meet- that that so so sufficiently sufficiently progressed progressed

county county

of remainder remainder all all the the In In the the of of

the the gen- Because Because traffic traffic heavy heavy of of

have section section this this short short on on Studies Studies 395, 395, 94. Sign Sign State State and and US US Route Route 101, 101,

Commission. Highway Highway California California the the 1956. 80, 80, US US San San of of City City the the Diego, Diego, US

by freeway freeway a a declared declared been been has has route route 31, about about contract contract the the of of July July tion tion state state the the of of traversing each each highways highways

entire the the Leucadia, Leucadia, from from to to Mar Mar Del Del comple- expects expects Jesperson, Jesperson, A. A. James James a a adopted adopted has has routing routing freeway freeway for

section short short a a for for US US is is Except Except 101. 101. engineer, resident resident The The closed. closed. be be California California The The Highway Highway Commission

County Diego Diego San San serving serving wayfacility wayfacility to are are Avenue Avenue Homewood Homewood and and Street Street state state the the area. of of the the in in highways highways tially tially

high- -south -south north other other major major The The intersections intersections Fulton at at -grade -grade At consists consists them. them. freeway freeway essen- basic basic system system

between constructed constructed be be to to is is road road age age business business downtown downtown the the area. area. in in The

101 US US

On On

a a Drive Drive front- Avenue Avenue and and Aero Aero and and originate originate trips trips all all of of end or or percent percent

bought. been been have have rights rights be be Genesee at at built built to to are are changes changes 24 showed showed -53 -53 in in survey survey traffic traffic 1952

access the the of of most most and and expansion, expansion, freeway. freeway. Inter- full full a a to to pressway pressway San San The The they they if if Diego wish. wish. it it avoid avoid

permit to to width width sufficient sufficient of of is is chased chased present present the the 1.95 1.95 ex- of of miles miles convert convert area, area, to or or enter enter downtown downtown the the to to

pur- way way of of right right the the originally originally of of $668,472 $668,472 to contract contract a a holds holds Company Company for for it it make make motorists easy easy will will that that

much Fortunately, Fortunately, standards. standards. freeway freeway Vista Vista Griffith area, area, Linda Linda the the through through a a in in system been been has has mind mind goal goal The The

ramps type type diamond diamond showing showing Carlsbad, Carlsbad, and and Oceanside Oceanside between between 78 78 Route Route Sign Sign and and separation separation 101 101 US US Visia Visia of of junction junction at at Way Way and Oceanside the existing highway has been that motorists wanting to Street, overlooking San Diego Bay, consists of short stretches of freeway get to the opposite side of the city looping into Balboa Park to cross the together with sections of highly im- from any given point have had to Cabrillo Freeway at Date Street, and proved multilane divided highway. Pa- pass through the congested business then south to join the Montgomery cific Highway (US 101) past the San area. The origin-and-destination traffic Freeway. Diego Civic Center is now carrying study showed that 30,000 cars a day East-west Freeways an A. D. T. of 40,000 vehicles, and shuttled through the city without at Oceanside it•is about 25,000. stopping. Most of these cars were Two major east-west freeways ap- During 1952 and 1953 a cooperative starting from and stopping at points pear on the map of metropolitan San origin and destination study was con- within the county. This meant wasted Diego. One of these, US 80 through ducted by the Federal Government, gasoline and wasted hours for many Mission Valley, was constructed to the State of California, and the City motorists. expressway standards by the City and of San Diego. Through personal in- These studies indicated that to re- County of San Diego (FAS) and sub- terviews with motorists, post card sur- duce the load on the existing US 101 sequently taken into the State High- veys, traffic counts, and projection of to a volume that it can comfortably way System as Route 12 to replace traffic patterns, were determined the carry, a new freeway location swing- the outmoded E1 Cajon Boulevard. needs, desires and traffic requirements ing around the downtown area to the The district is actively engaged in pre- throughout the San Diego metropoli- north and east is necessary. The total paring plans to convert the entire road tan area. estimated cost, from the end of the from US 101 to El Cajon to a fu1.1 1Vlontgomery Freeway in National freeway, eliminating the hazardous Lack of Crosstown Arteries City to the junction with the existing and congestion-creating signals at va- The lack of crosstown or around- highway at Washington Street north rious intersections. town arteries has been a serious handi- of the civic center, is 45 million dol- The first unit is planned for con- cap in the San Diego area, for the ]ars. Plans are now being prepared struction in the immediate future. The terrain is bisected by many deep can- for this freeway to gradually ascend first contract in this conversion pro- yons. One of the chief difficulties the hillside southerly of Washington gram is construction of an interchange

Sign Route 78 between Oceanside and Vista. Typical intersection. Limited access design.

and Public Works 3 at Baltimore near La i~~Iesa. Bids Drive Avenue, Ward Road and Texas Street sists of a combination of State Legisla- for this project were opened can O~to- will follow as soon as funds can be tive Routes 200 and 198, Sign Routes ber being low 14, 1955, V. R. Dennis made available. 94 and 67. The new freewav route with a price of $410,913. Work should One of the pending Mission Val- was adopted by the Highway Com- be completed by July 1, 1956, accord- ley projects which is unique is the mission in three units: the first, Wa- ing to resident engineer, A. C. Estep. proposed revision of the present inter- bash Boulevard to Campo Road on This project includes a frontage road change at the junction of Routes US June 17, 1953; the second, from paralleling the highway from east of 80 and US 395. The existing facility Campo Road t~ Highway 80 on Oc- Maryland Avenue to the Baltimore tivas one of the foremost highway de- tober 22, 1953; and the last from 18th Drive overcrossing. This job is about velopments in this area at the time it Street. to Wabash. Boulevard on No- three-fourths of a mile in length and vas constructed, being the first of its vember 17, 1954. Two projects are ti~ill provide an excellent connection type in Southern California. It was a already under contract, a third adver- for traffic using the federal aid sec- noteworthy advance in highway de- tised, the fourth is in the 1956-57 Fis- ondary contract now nearing comple- sign and proved satisfactory for the cal Year budget, and the fifth and final tion on Alvarado Avenue extension. traffic volumes that were contem- link will be built. as soon as the right The latter project is itself an express- plated at the tune it was designed. of way can be cleared and construc- way and will feed ti~~ffic to and from However, the phenomenal population tion funds made available. the nearby Fletcher Hills residential and traffic grnwth in the San Diego This freeway begins at a junction section and from the ilortherly EI area rationall~~ predicted. could not be with. the new US 101 freeway near Cajon area. the exist- Thus the design capacity- of 18th and F Streets in downtown San ing facility has been reached at a Diego, and joins US 80 at Grossinont Interchange Projects much possiblz~ earlier date than could Summit in 1a Mesa, 11.1 miles away. The 1956-57 Fiscal Year budget al- be foreseen. Plans are currentl~> being locates funds for air interchange at completed to revise the interchange to Bridge 54ructures Lake Murray Boulevard and conver- accommodate present and anticipated The two contracts sion of 1.5 miles of the present US 80 traffic volumes. tinder way are held by at- that location to a full freeway. The second major east-west free- the Guy F. Atkinson Com- Elirninatio~l of signals at l~ airnio~mt i~~av in metropolitan San Diego con- pany and total 4.5 million dollars for 4.5 miles of six-lane freeway that can be ultimately expanded to eight lanes.

(DIST. VIII Clarence E. Wa]cott .is resident engineer on the first contract, with R. L. '~ Hatha«~ay the representative for the Bridge Department. The following four bridges are included: College Avenue Uz~c~evc~~ossi~2g. A '~\ BONSIl~ RINCOH ~~ ME W4~TNE~HS NEMSNAW - 05 single • X span welded steel bridge with

(~ [~y ETTIST1~~ 1T //q composite reinforced concrete deck a~\E STA COHNER ~. ~ d 11 d V llf~ L ~ TH~JI slab approximately 84 feet long, pro- ~~ GX150 xumarrs am viding• ~~ \\ ScONgCO - two roadwa~rs, one, 61 feet 645~DfL ~~ide and the other, 56 feet ~s~ide. LFULMiR\1` JUl1GN BGNNEP ~A~~ ~ ~ ENCiNiT~i~ C~~IpipuIF,F• OE3 RANOHP LANE ~U WALA Brocrdwczy On-s~ar~zp O. C. A sin- GEFC~{~` ~ g•le span welded steel ~lA ~ WSJ ~E dV 11 ll bridge with DEL Y ~/ SAN O ~ ~~yYICEMIF composite reinforced concrete deck ~ ti.J LME l~~y~lM,EL ~~,~ ~~ LAKE s[ab approximately 11~ feet long, pro- u J/ uKE9~0E 1• AL%ME ~~ PIME viding aroadway width of 22 feet. ~JOI/ V6LlEY

BuCrckaN aBEA L N 9VR1 09 Feclerczl Boulevcz~cl On-rc~rnp U. C. e~ AN rc A single span reinforced concrete box IE~ `cam "A"KE T. roinII Hcilrov n~ swu~~rE~ ~~y~~ EL Ct girder bridge about 46 feet long, pro- LOMR~ 80ULEV~P \ CMVU. WL2URq ~~iding two separated roadways, each \1 V18T1 YOTRERO <4M~0 ~ IYPEPI ~~~~ ~- ~9 feet wide. ~~v`'"r,.~~.~.'" M E X i C O F`if ty -sixth Stveet O. C. A f~ur- ~p~n reinforced concrete bridge about MAP OF LEGEND 225 feet long; consisting of two 7p- FREEWAYS ANO EXPNESSNCAYS COMPLETED 3AN DIEGO COUNTY UNDER CONSTRUCTION OR BUDGETED. foot box birder spans and two flat slab o~~~ E%PRESSWAYS, INITIAL TWO LANES COMPLETED, spans; one, 35 feet and tl~e ether, 60 SF10W I1VG UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OR BUDGETED. FREEWAY PRt?~RESS ON w««~ ADOPTED FitEEWAY AND E%PRESSWAY LOCATIONS. feet. CONSTRUCTION TO BE BUDGETED. STATE HIGH~!/AYS 0000000 FREEWAY NOUTINGS UNDER STUDY Trepte Co.c~oratiou is subcontrac- AS OF NOV.,1955 tqr ~1i the bridges.

cai~fo~-~,~a ~;~hwpy~ old US 101 junction in upper right background. Beginning US 101 and Montgomery Freeway at Mexican border. International Ga}e in foreground,

four- Donald C. Smith is resident engineer eastbound structure is about 146 feet Costa Bella Drive P. O. C. A bridge on the second contract, which in- long with a 42 feet wide roadway. span reinforced concrete girder providing an cludes the following structures: GYOVe Street O. C. The two span about 301 feet long and eight-foot walkway. Massachusetts Avenue U. C. Two reinforced concrete box girder bridge rein- separate structures, each consisting of about 216 feet long, providing a road- Quarry Road P. U. C. A secrion a welded steel girder span and two way width of 28 feet. forced concrete box and "U" feet long, providing an concrete girder spans. The westbound Czrave Street U. P. A two-span about 264 walkway. structure is appro~mately 156 feet riveted structural steed girder bridge eight-foot long with a roadway width of 40 feet about 247 feet long, providing for a Dexter Drive P. U. C. A rein- and the eastbound structure is about single railroad track. forced concrete box and "U" section 172 feet with a roadway width of SO about 298 feet long, providing an Route 198/200 Railroad Separation. feet. ~, eight-foot walkway. A single span reinforced concrete "T" De- Waite Drive U. C. Two separate Mr. Hathaway is also Bridge beam bridge about 55 feet long and con- structures, eaci~ with one reinforced partment Representative nn this providing two separate roadways, one concrete box girder span and two contract. crete "T" beam spans. The westbound 49 feet wide and the other providing The first contract, from Euclid structure is about 166 feet long with a minimum of 61 feet. The three Avenue to College Avenue, a distance a roadway width of 40 feet, and the pedestrian structures are as follows: of 2.4 miles, is expected to be com- and Public Works 5 Sign Route 94, 56th Streef separation near east city limits of San Diego, wifh new subdivision development in area.

pleted by April, 1956. The second Lemon Ave7azae U. C. Two parallel must merge two large freeways, Route unit, from College Avenue to Campo bridges each consisting of two rein- 12, US 80, and Route 198, State Sign Road should be open to traffic less forced concrete "T" beam approach Route 67; must provide adequate serv- than. a year later. spans and one welded steel girder span ice to the La Mesa area via East La From Campo Road to the junction about 130 feet long. The westbound Mesa Boulevard; must adequately pro- with US 80 near the Grossmont ~um- structure provides a 28-foot roadway vide for the circulation of local traffic, mit is a distance of 1.90 miles, and bids and the eastbound provides a 44-foot both to and from the freeway as well will be opened on December 2, 1955. roadway. as across the freeway, and must make The four bridges included in this pro- Gross~nant Boulevard U. C. Sim- adequate provision for the handling of posed contract are: ilar to Lemon Avenue U. C. except pedestrian traffic to the Grossmont Pcznora~~a Drive U. C. A three- each roadway is 28 feet wide and the High School. The easterly section of span welded steel girder bridge about westbound bridge is about 137 feet the Grossmont Summit development 165 feet long and providing a 28-foot long and the eastbound about 158 feet will provide a primary` connection to roadway. long.. the El Cajon Valley area via the ex- Mariposa Street O. C. A two-span The development of the existing isting El Cajon Boulevard, and will welded steel girder bridge about 123 highway through the Grossmont provide for a relocated freeway de- feet long, providing a 28-foot road- Summit involves several interesting velopment of US 80 to the north and way and one five-foot sidewalk. and complex problems. This section east.

0 California Highways System of Ramps To summarize, there are 17 bridges Low Accident Rate These various movements and con- and three pedestrian structures in- nections will be adequately provided cluded in these four contracts. They On Freeways Can Be for with a system of ramps and struc- include six structural steel bridges of Further Reduced tures that will safely channelize traffic which five have a concrete deck and into the various arteries with no con- one is a railroad bridge, eleven rein- The relatively low accident and fa- flicting moverr;ents. A structure will forced concrete bridges and three tality rates on freeways can be fur- be provided to permit direct access to bridges which are part structural steel ther reduced if motorists will follow La Mesa Boulevard from US 80; a and part reinforced concrete. There a courteous and sensible safety pro- second structure will separate con- is approximately $2,750,000 worth of gram of freeway driving "musts," says flicting movements from both US 80 bridges included in these contracts. the California State Automobile Asso- and State Sign Route 67; an overhead Plans are being completed for the ciation. The motorists' organization structure will be provided at Fuerte portion between 18th Street and Wa- lists the five points of the program as Drive to permit the circulation of bash Boulevard and the entire freeway follows: local traffic and to provide access to from downtown San Diego to Gross- 1. Slow drivers keep to the right. and from both freeways; a separation mont Summit should be open to traffic Remember, if you're being repeatedly structure will be provided near Mur- in a few years. Further extension of passed on your right, you're probably ray Boulevard to permit circulation of State Sign Route 67 to the north in the wrong lane. Carefully move local traffic and to provide access to through Lakeside is also planned for over to the lane farthest to the right. and from the freeway to areas on the the future and the freeway route 2. Adjust your speed and following east. A pedestrian overhead structure through this area has been adopted. distance to the flow of traffic and Boule- will be provided near Murray In the northern part of the county weather. One car length for each 10 vard to accommodate pedestrian traf- heavy traffic between Oceanside, m.p.h. of speed is advised; in other fic between the Grossmont High Vista, and Escondido has necessitated words, at 40 m.p.h. stay four car School and areas south of the freeway. the start of freeway construction in lengths behind the car ahead, at 50 structure In a future contract a major this area. An expressway from Ocean- m.p.h. stay five car lengths. just east of Gross- will be provided side to Vista was constructed under 3. Decrease your speed and increase mont Summit to carry the new free- two contracts, the last of which was your following distance during rain and A. Railway way over the S. D. E. completed on June 28, 1955. Cost of or poor visibility; also use headlamps, direct to and to provide a connection the first contract covering 3.48 miles not parking lights. westbound from the El the freeway was $608,865 and it was built by the Cajon area (US 80). 4. Watch the signs and avoid exces- Griffith Company. The second con- sive or abrupt lane changing by plan- Bridge Advertising tract, covering 3.41 miles was held by ning ahead. If you intend to exit at a W. F. Maxwell Co. and Hermreck of the the given point, allow yourself plenty of At the other end freeway and Easter with a final cost of $602,- to time to change lanes easily. In all cases, section from Wabash Boulevard 000. J. A. Jesperson was resident en- in Fiscal look first, then be sure to signal and Euclid Avenue is the 1956-57 gineer on both projects. Year Budget and should be ready for change lanes one at a time. advertising in the near future. The Studies are underway to extend the 5. If you miss aturn-off, don't slow bridges on this proposed contract are: project 11 miles from Vista to a junc- up or engage in any erratic maneu- Horne Avenue Off-raasnnp U. C. A tion with US 395 at Escondido. This vers. Continue as you are, for there is six-span steel girder bridge about 422 freeway will complete a loop of lim- only one thing to do in such a case feet long, providing a roadway width ited access facilities around San Diego- and that is ro go on the next exit point. of 22 feet. Oceanside-Escondido-El Cajon that It is always prudent to study before- Home Avenue On-ramp Bridge. A will bring a freeway to the doorstep hand afreeway map of a city in which four-span reinforced concrete "T" of 90 percent of the population of San you have never driven before, but if beam bridge about 140 feet long and Diego County.The continued growth you do find yourself on a strange free- providing a 22-foot roadway. and economic prosperity of the area way without previous study, be extra FoYty-seventh Street O. C. A four- are assured by this distribution system alert to spot the exit you want. engi- span reinforced concrete bridge about now either completed or on the neer's drawing boards. 255 feet long, consisting of two box Speaking before the Los Angeles girder spans and two "T" beam spans, Chamber of Commerce Los An- providing a roadway of 52 feet and CLEANING HIGHWAYS EXPENSIVE geles Beautiful Committee, W. D. and two five-foot sidewalks. A total of $5,000,000 is expended Sedgwick, district maintenance engi- Euclid Avenue O. C. A four-span in Angeles, Orange, and neer for the division, said a large por- reinforced concrete bridge about 292 yearly Los time of maintenance and feet long, consisting of two box girder Ventura Counties to clean up road- tion of the spans, one flat slab span, and one "T" side litter tossed on the highways by landscaping crews is spent in picking beam span and providing two divided careless motorists, according to a State up trash on state highways in this roadways, each 26 feet wide. Division of Highways official. district.

and Public Works 7 cc ~~ r ~ Unique Project Is Nearing Completion

By VItdCEt~lT O. SMITH, Senior Highway Engineer oN NovEn~aEx 9, 1955, a contract stricted right of way on the existing of method of building this project. was awarded to Guy F. Atkinson Co. route through the Visitacion Va11_ey After eliminating the possibility of a for completion of the grading of one area, it was determined that the most causeway the two methods most care- of the most unusual and interesting economical and desirable solution fully analyzed and compared were: high~~ay projects ever ~ttempted. was to bypass this area with a new lo- (1) displacing the mud with dry fill This portion of Bayshore Freeway, cation. This would provide two fa- by end dumping and (2) several between the intersection of Third cilities through this area with a new variations of predredging the mud to Street and Bayshore Boulevard in San freeway for through traffic and the provide a reasonably stable embank- Francisco and South San Francisco, existing route to serve local traffic. ment with a minimum of mud dis- will cross an arm of San Francisco placement. Several Rmutes 5fudied Bay approximately two miles wide, Because of large cuts on each end bypassing one of the most congested Studies of several routes bypassing of the project and the fact that an sections of highway in the day area. this area led to recommendation of the ample quantity of borrow material The need for additional highway present route. It subsequently was was readily available from nearby facilities to handle the increasing traf- adopted and declared a freeway by sources, it was determined that sub- fic between San Francisco and the fast the Highway Commission in July, stantial savings would be realized if developing peninsula area became 1941. the end dump mud displacement apparent in the mid-1930's and nu- Since the new route crossed an arm method would provide a stable em- merous traffic studies were made to cif San Francisco Bay, with underlying bankment. Since this method of con- determine the type and extent of ex- mud ranging in depth from a few feet struction had never been used on such pansion that would best alleviate the to nearly 80 feet, construction pre- a large scale with dimensions and con- growing congestion. Due to the highly sented amajor problem. Comprehen- ditions resembling those to be en- developed industrial sections, sub- sive studies were made to determine countered, it was questioned whether standard alignment, grades, and con- the most feasible and economic type the fill could be suceessfullp can- SAN FQAI~CISCO BAY

CANDLESTJCK PT. FUTURE PRESENT ~AYSHORE Z ry,~D EARTH f>LL FREEWAY

°~~~~~~~~~vs.~oe~o~ ~ o~a~~

_~' 2? ~ ,,\\~ TUNNEL°'~\~ vIv HAUL ROAD~`~ TUNNE~~ i e

SAN /~n ~e s PR.R. FRANCISCO q}"syo `,yqY ~~ '~F H~~N BRISBANE ~'►~ / U 2~i~~'~e ~AYSH02E e~y ~x~~ ~ //SOUTH ~ SAIV FRANCISCO j7~~~~

8 California Highways nearly two miles of haul road to a borrow site west of the e~sting Bay- shore Highway. To reach the center line of the proposed freeway fill it was necessary to c~'oss 1,200 feet of the bay with the haul road which was to be constructed 30 feet wide over mud that reached a depth of 60 feet. Construction of a fill of this width resulted in nearly 100 percent displacement of the soft bay mud and provided aroad over which nearly 3,000,- 000 cubic yards of dill material has been hauled with only normal grading for maintenance. The successful completion of this haul road confirmed further the feasibility of the method of construction, so instead of feasibility, our main con- cern during construction of the sec- and experimental fill became placing the fill in such a manner as to obtain a uniform displacement of xnud both laterally and longitudinally.

Uniform Displaeemaat If the fill could be placed so that a uniform displacement of mud could be obtained, differential settlement would be a minimum and only normal maintenance would be required. Borings were made during construction to determine the depth of displacement, and records of quantities and methods of placement were with these borings to deter- Fill for open woter secFion of Bayshore Freeway across Candlestick Cove. Widening a} center of picture correlated is locatisn where reinforced concrete box culverts will be constructed to equalize water level. mine factors affecting displacement. Numerous variable factors were found prime strutted in this manner. Hence to de- the fill was advanced further into the that influenced displacement, the termine the feasibility of the proposal bay at a width of 300 feet. ones being: of funds were made available and a con- Reducing the width caused greater 1. The shape of the advancing face tract was let in January, 1952, to con- displacement, so the fill vas narrowed the embankment. used to place struct an experimental secrion of fill again. The remainder of the experi- 2. The type of equipment by end dumping. mental fill unit was constructed 250 the fill material. placed. feet wide, being completed in August, 3. TMe rate at which tfie fill was fill was nn~a Fnt 1952. 4. The elevation at which the Material for this contract vas ob- Based on the success of obtaining a carried. tained from the right of way and was reasonably stable fill over mud of a 5. Stoppages. of which the placed using 20 cubic yard carryalls maximum depth of 40 feet on this first 6. The type of material constructed. and tournapulls. The fill was advanced contract, a second experimental proj- fill was the underlying mud. on a 400-foot-wide front in an attempt ect was recommended to be placed by 7. Strength of underlying mud. to float the fill with a minimum of the same method to determine the 8. Depth of the mud displacement. As the fill pro- feasibility of construction over mud 9. Tide action. by borings gressed, it was determined which reached a depth of 80 feet. A change in any of these factors dis- that much greater pe~'etration and caused others to vary and resulted in than Overhead Crossing placement of mud was occurring a change in displacement. Controls had been originally estimated. Calcula- This second contract was awarded had to be established and varied dur- tions showed this gxeater penetration in June, 1953, and it included building ing construEtion to meet the condi- would allow the width to be reduced an overhead crossing over eight tracks tions at hand. and still obtain reasonable stability so of the Southern Pacific Railroad and .. Continued on page 28

9 and Public Works ~~1^ / ,~/ ~~~['`1 /~ /~ Freeway Throug}a p{a~erville ~ ~~ ~~ J ~ V Completed at Cost of $1,649,000

By P. C. SHERIDAN, Assistant District Engineer, and T. G. SMITH, District Construction Engineer

of the portion of MoDExxizATroN in 1886. With the signing of an inden- US SO between Sacramento and Lalce SH~N9GLE SPRINGS PROJECT ture dated February 28, 189b, it be- Tahoe is advancing with the com- OPENED came the first state road in California. pletion of two projects; one the portion between near Clarksville and The five-mile section of US 50 in This historic route notes the con- Shingle Springs, a two-lane facility EI Dorado County, between 2.3 tinuing changes of the times. First as miles east constructed on right of way acquired of Clarksville and Shingle a trail with its strings of mules, the Springs, was opened to public for future expressway development; trafFic Pony Express and the mountain on Friday, October 7th. and second, and more spectacular, schooners, followed by Concord the The new section of highway is new expressway coaches to the early gasoline buggy, through Placerville. entirely on new location, with only and on to the US 50, or the Lincoln Highway as a few slight curves, as contrasted modern motor car and powerful it is sometimes known, and in the past with the existing highway which motorized freight trucks of today. known as the Pony Express Route, contains numerous sharp curves posted for reduced speeds. The new follows the general route of the orig- With the changes in type of trans- section has also been built on a inal historic pioneer port, the road itself has trail. As an emi- wide right of way, and consists of undergone grant road, Johnson's "cut-off" grad- two 12-foot lanes with eight-foot necessary changes. Much of the tor- ually increased in popularity and surfaced shoulders. tuous, winding, narrow highway `vas importance, diverting travel from the Construction on this portion of reconstructed in the late 1920's and US 50 has been in the 1930's by the State Division Carson Pass Road. Its chief advantage progress for a of little more than a year, at a cost of Highways and the Bureau of Public was lower elevation with a longer more than $700,000. The contractor Roads, leaving what was then the period of freedom from snow. This is A. Teichert &Son of Sacramento. "tolerable" stretches for later con- largely accounted for its beinD chosen struction. as the route of the transcontinental mail and passenger stages. About 1860, portions were rebuilt between Placer- ville and Virginia City, a distance of 116 miles, at a cost estimated at $500,- 000. As much more was spent between then and 1868 for betterments and maintenance, which during the same period was more than repaid by tolls amounting to approximately $6,000,000.

Old State Wagon Road The first indication of a new era was an act approved March 26, 1895, creating the "Lake Tahoe State Wagon Road" which included the Placerville Road from the junction near Smith's Flat to the Nevada state line. The rights to the toll road had been purchased by El Dorado County and it was declared a public highway

Aerial photo showing realigned US 50 from 2.25 miles east of Clarksville to Shingle Springs. Old route shown with dotted line on right.

~o C~ilifornia Highways x~

'gar

,S ~,

~ '; ~' ~~,.~ f ~~

~~4Y

r Fa

Moforisfs no longer have fo contend with the traffic congestion on US 50 through Placerville as shown in these two photographs taken just before com- freeway pletion of ►he Placerville

Meyers Grade Realignment Realignment of Meyers Grade from the summit to Lake Tahoe Valley was started prior to World War II, but not completed until after the war. ~; Also, immediately following World War II, the section between Pollock Pines and Fresh Pond was constructed by the Bureau of Public Roads. The .~>x., ~: State completed projects, also imme- ~~> - diately following World War II, between Shingle Springs and near El Dorado, followed within a few years by projects from near Nimbus to White Rock, bypassing the town of Folsom, and the construction of the project just east of Placerville from the railroad crossing near Merryman's Route of Freeway row width, parking, and pedestrian to Five-mile Terrace. In 1951 the con- The route as proposed. generally fol- traffic, barely allows for two-way struction from the foot of Meyers lows the course of Hangtown Creek trafFic. On some holiday weekends Grade to Mays was completed by the through the city. Placerville lies in the trafFic has been jammed so that Bureau of Public Roads. the narrow ravine formed by Hang- it has taken up to an hour to traverse to`vn Creek with its main street on the t~~o miles through the community. consideration was Early in 1948 the south side roughly paralleling the The new expressway follows the being given to the project through creek. The residential portions of the course of Hangtown Creek on the Placerville. The route was adopted to~~n follow up the tributary ravines Southern Pacific and declared a freeway by action of and residences dot the surrounding north side with the be- the Highway Commission on Novem- hillsides. The superseded highway fol- Placerville Branch tracks located ber 16, 1949. lows Rain Street, which with the nar- tween the highway and the creek. and Public VVorlcs 11 The new facility is a four-lane di- sites are' at a premium in Placerville. cate most of the railroads' facilities. vided expressway with grade cross- As a result, right-of-wa~~ acquisition This work was done by railroad forces ings at Canal Street, Spring Street and negotiations were made difficult in under service agreement at a cost Bedford Avenue. These threes inter- that in many cases it was necessary to which will approximate a quarter mil- sections at grade will be signalized. provide substitute facilities. For ex- lion doIlars. Pedestrian overcrossin~s are provided. ample, the Christian Science Church, Again, because of restricted space at the former crossing of Coloma the Shakespeare Club, the Standard available, negotiations with the Placer- Street and at Bedford Avenue. Grade Oil bulk plant, and the Southern ville Fruit Growers Exchange were separations without connections to Pacific Railroad depot and freight complicated. This plant, one of the the facilit~~ are provided at Clay handling facilities, as well as many largest pear packing plants in the Street and Locust Street. A complete residences had to be relocated. The world, lies between the railroad and two-quadrant interchange is provided January-February, 1952, issue of Ccrli- the new facility near the east end of at Washington Street where the struc- for7~ia Highways a~2c~ Public Works the project. ture spans the railroad tracks and contains an interesting account of Emigrant Ravine, as well as u%ashing- right-of-u~a~~ acquisition for this proj- Started in 1453 ton Street. Ramp connections are pro- ect. Actual construction on the project, ~ided at the beginning of the project The Placerville Branch of the South- other than right-of-way adjustments, to the old highway and to Coloma ern Pacific Railroad and its inter- started in March of 1953 on a contract Street near the center of town, as well for the construction of change with the Camino, Placerville the. Locust as the connections previously men- Street and Washington Street grade and Lake Tahoe Railroad roughly tioned. separation structures. This unit was parallel the ne~~~ facilit~T throughout Right of Way Problems follo~~ed successively by a grading most of its length. Because of the re- contract, a base and surfacing con- Because of the terrain, residential, stricted width available in the bottom tracr, and last, a signal and lighting commercial and industrial building of the ravine it «gas necessary to relo- contract.

LEFT—Looking easterly at beginning of project. Old highway swings right across tracks and Hangtown Creek to follow Main Sfreet. Spring Street (S.S.R. 49) crosses the expressway near center of picture. RIGHT—Looking westerly from near end of project. Washington Street Overhead in foreground. The structure spans re1ocafed Washington $freet, fhe Southern Pacific Railroad, and emigrant Ravine. Placerville Fruit Growers pear packing plant, one of the world's largest, LEFT CENTER.

~ 2 California Highways Construction problems galore were encountered while building the road. Chief among these was redoing the town's utility systems to make v~~ay for the freeway. In a town as old as Placerville, the location of many of the water and sewer pipes was lost in antiquity and it was found most prao- tical to excavate until a pipe ~~vas discovered by breaking it with a tractor and then to figure out where the pipe started, whether it was in use, and what to do with it. The dif3'iculty was that while this was being decided some of the town might be out of eater, and so immediate action was necessary. However, the townspeople l~new the problems that were being faced and were very cooperative. Surpris- ingly few complaints were received when the vast amount of utility changing is considered. This photograph shows the Camino, Placerville and Lake Tahoe Railroad truss that was salvaged and Utilities Relocated used to span a highway grade separation structure to permit fihe use of over-legal loads during construction In addition to moving the water and sewer lines, power and telephone lines Bridge Department was the resident awarded in September, 1955, to R. had to be relocated. The work of rail- engineer. Flatland. The lighting is a standard road relocation vas complicated by The second contract, the main grad- mercury vapor installation, but the carrying city traffic across the project ing and structure work, was awarded signal system is unusual. The equip- at every-intersection, and it is obvious to Piombo Construction Company of ment includes a traffic actuated cycle a great deal of cooperation was neces- San Francisco in January, 1954. The selector with railroad pre-emption. sary between the various forces on the structures included pedestrian over- Sik possible cycles are available in the project in order to get all jobs done crossings at Coloma and Bedford equipment being installed. The cost of at the right time. However, all work Streets. These crossings presented this ~~ork approximates $66,000. T. H. was completed with a minimum of many problems in forming and con- \Zadsen was resident engineer. delay. structing. Particularly difficult were An interesting event on the grading The roadway material consisted the ramps circling the columns. This project was the discovery of an old mostly of a clayey shale which re- contract ~a~as completed in ~~1a~~, 19~ S, mining tunnel. The surface opening quired some blasting to break it up at a cost of about $875,700. T. G. had seemingly been lost for many enough to handle with a power shovel. Smith was resident engineer. years as none of the old-timers in Fortunately onl~~ a small amount of The base and paving contract was town could remember this mine being blasting ~~as necessary. awarded to Harms Bros. of Sacra- worked, or even where it had started. 1~1any springs were intercepted on mento in May, 1955. The whole Whoever had dug the mine was care- the project. At times it was difficult to length of the project is curbed, and ful to keep his work from prying eyes. tell whether the springs, were natural for a time it was believed that placing The tunnel ran back from the cut or the result of a broken water pipe or this amount of curb and gutter would slope about 75 feet and showed evi- septic tank. In order to stabilize the prevent the contractor from finishing dence of very careful hand digging. subgrade it was necessary to place the project during the 1955 construc- No shoring had been used and a re- about 2,500 feet of perforated metal tion season. However, this did not markably small amount of material pipe, some of ~~hich drains the year prove to be the case, as the contractor had sloughed from the sides or top of round. moved in an excellent curb and gutter the tunnel. However, it looked as this Four Contracts crew and completed enough of though the tunnel was a failure as no part of the contract so that no delay evidence of gold was discovered. The work was done under four The cost of this unit was encountered. During construction old-timers in contracts. The first, early in 1953, was will approximate $399,365. E. F. Silva Con- town were observed searching some of let to Fredrickson & Watson was resident engineer. struction Company, and included the the excavation areas for evidence of grade separation structures at Wash- Lighting System gold. So far as is known, no great ington Street and Locust Street at a The fourth and final contract for strikes ~~ere made but it is assumed cost of $308,000. J. H. Horn of the highway lighting and signals vas ...Continued on page 29

and Public Works 13

Highways California California 14 14

Sherwin Sherwin Grade, being state state first first it it workmen, workmen, high- the the of of engineer engineer

the the dent dent for for

maintained maintained

builder builder and and

granddaughter granddaughter

original original the the of of

* * and up up to to set set Secretary Secretary as as assigned assigned District District Bishop, was was Baxter, Baxter, resi- in in E. E. F. F. camp camp Engineer Engineer and and all all Fresno, Fresno, A A tains tains natures. natures.

of supplies supplies the the moun- across across and and headquarters headquarters groceries groceries stock, stock,

with with fuel, fuel,

Ingo -Mono -Mono Sherwin and and line line county county

equipment, Inyo this this labor; labor; area for for -Mono -Mono of of charge charge in in then then arrangements arrangements

highway highway between between the

construction construction

innumerable make make Woodson Woodson Engineer Engineer ~~as to to Division Division was was

necessary necessary

the the state formal formal for for

authorization authorization

it start start

2ctually 2ctually

could could

work work

Before Before

-79 -79 S, S, No. No. D 4, 4, October October dated dated 191 191 was

Study Route Route First First

rect.

Day Day Order Factually, Factually, Work Work Labor Labor

cor- him him proved proved orders orders quent quent work work Hill. Sherwin Sherwin on on earth earth

Pro~eat Pro~eat 7915 Started Started in in

Subse- Sherwin Sherwin Hill. Hill. from from northerly northerly warm the the into into scraper scraper his his ing ing Fresno Fresno

work of of approval approval was was anticipating anticipating bang- mules, mules, of of team team driving driving Paiute Paiute a a

became became

public public

a a

highway.

evidently Boyer Boyer miles, miles, 10 10 of of project project eastern eastern by by Sierra native native some some started started

to to

ceased ceased a a be be

private private

and road road toll toll

construction a a Contemplating Contemplating down. down. was was formall~- work work likely likely Very Very

Grade, Grade, though though

this long long road ago ago

cause cause shut winter winter a a would would storms storms time time posterity.

as as

known known

Sherwin Sherwin Sherwin and and Hill Hill

the and and September September between between section section for marked marked event event significant significant ticular ticular

and and

bear bear

grade grade are are

his his

still and and name name

the the -mile 10 of of miles miles 6 6 about about of of ing ing par- any any there there was was nor nor turned turned was was

since since

those those both both

but but

early early hill

days days

grad- the the completing completing of of hopes hopes pressed pressed of of earth shovelful shovelful first first no no traditional traditional

many many

been been Many, Many, have have

changes changes made

ex- He He home home people. people. to to employment employment speeches speeches made, whistles whistles were were no no blew, blew,

Round Round

from from

to to

Valley Valley

Mammoth.

furnish to to order order in in available available as as teams teams no -Mono -Mono Inyo the the of of region, region, annals annals

a a camp camp mining mining a a busy busy

built built

road

and and

and men men local local many many as as hire hire to to were were the the in in highway da~T da~T historical historical highly highly

at at became

mill mill that that

Mammoth Mammoth

when when

plans announced announced originally originally Boyer's Boyer's unlenown, unlenown, vet that that on on particular particular

He He

saw-

grade. grade. the the

another another

developed developed

Boyer. C. C. C. C. study, study, sance sance say say to to safe safe is is that known known It It records. records.

the the of

foot foot operate operate the the at at

sawmill sawmill

reconnais- and and route route first first the the made made from from available available is is anv started started not not

to where where

from from continued continued

Sherwin Sherwin Mr. Mr.

actually who who man man the the IX, IX, District District as as work work day day The The actuall~r 395. 395. the the

now now is is

what what

as as known known

Meadows Swall Swall

known now now is is what what in in project project way way US on on miles, miles, 5.8 5.8 a a of of distance distance Hill, Hill,

The The to moved moved sawmill. sawmill. then then family family

a established established he he where where Creek Creek Rock Rock

curves and and ascent ascent bad bad eliminate eliminate io io modernized modernized be be will will summit summit the the of of north north Grade Grade Sherwin Sherwin section section This This to Hill Hill Sherwin Sherwin of of over over road road the the built built

so materials materials building building for for need need the the

1874 1874 saw he he In In Creek. Creek. Rock Rock on on stead stead

1866 1866 home- to to in in Valley Valley Round Round to to

1859, 1859, Benton, Benton, to to then then then in in vada, vada,

Virginia Virginia to to Ne- City, City, first first Kentucky, Kentucky,

bride bride his his from brought brought gold, gold, its its and and

the the of of lure lure by by west the the called called win, win,

C. C. James James Sher- L. L. Sierra. Sierra. High High the the of of

slopes

eastern eastern

the the VELLOM VELLOM S. S. DOROTHY DOROTHY

pioneers pioneers in earliest earliest

the of of one one of of life life

the in in beginning beginning its its

Grade Grade Sherwin Sherwin has

Hill Hill and Sherwin Sherwin

story story The The of

permits. weather weather

as as as soon soon year year

started started be be next

Construction Construction will

11.3 11.3 adistance adistance •'yon, •'yon, miles. of of

Whiskey Whiskey and and Canyon Canyon Can- Birchim Birchim

395 395 US US Mono Mono in in County County between

$1,515,000 $1,515,000 for for surfacing and and grading grading

fornia fornia Highway Highway Commission Commission voted

orr orr the the 1955, 1955, sErTE~u~sEx sErTE~u~sEx Cali- 20; 20;

VELLOM SHERWIN SHERWIN DOROTHY DOROTHY By By

rd rd

n n ~ ~ V V ~ ~ r`\/ r`\/ ei ei Be Be ReconsfOUCted ReconsfOUCted Will Will ute LEFT-Sherwin Grade, looking south. Dotted line shows proposed relocation. RIGHT—Upper' East Mesa, looking south. Proposed relocation to the left; existing State highway on right. moved from time to time to keep it zag development up the: slope. Some smoothing off the roadbed it was nec- as close as possible to the job site. 40 to 60 men were employed in the essary to complete the grade with When the work site became as far as construction work, all of whom were borrow material wherever it could be 2% or 3 miles away, camp was moved. on the State's payroll. Personnel em- found. Camps were tents; the kitchens and ployed was generally local. A few For the` next 40 years this road as dining rooms were constructed in::seo- , -professional mule~~skinners who fol- herein described continued to serve tions which could be bolted together `: lowed railroad and highway work ever increasing trafric needs with only and then covered with canvas. Boyer, made up the skilled labor contingent. surface changes. as both superintendent and resident Quite a few local Indians were en- It is a sincere tribute to our early engineer, had his office "under his gaged on this project. Work done in road builders and a marvel that they hat." the fall of 1915 was grading and minor could Y~uild so well with so little with Early Day Problems drainage structures. Wherever the which to do. earth was such that. it could be moved In some cases dry camps were es- with teams and scrapers, that method January, 1916's, headlines carried tablished and then it became a neces- was used. Because of the general scar- the news of one of the worst storms sity to haul water to the camp sites. city of pure earth material numerous in eastern Sierra history. This storm This was done in wagon tanks hauled grade changes were made nearly all had the effect of closing down the by mule teams. All supplies this first of which were raises in grade to avoid newly inaugurated highway project fall were hauled to camp by mule heavy rock work. for a period of about three months. teams. Hay and grain available locally Four feet of snow on Sherwin's slopes were so purchased bit all other sup- Hand Drilling Necessary plus extremely cold weather made plies were either hauled from Bishop Rock excavation was done by drill- productive work on the road impossi- or from Laws which was the railroad ing and blasting; hand drilling was of ble. It wasn't until late March before point of delivery. necessity done. The blasted material the snows had melted and the temper- The highway which was actually was removed by stoneboats and mules atures risen sufficiently that the con- built up Sherwin Hill was mostly on and by wheelbarrows. Where no struction men were able to resume an 8 percent grade and followed a zig- earthy material was encountered for their .labors. In April, 1916, the first

and Public Warks 15 truck was. assigned to this area. [t was way funds were made available to celebrate their first highway project a two-ton truck, chain driven and provide a penetration oil surfacing to completion with a colossal whing equipped with solid tires. This truck this 5.8-mile section up Sherwin. ding. The local newspaper carried was put on the Laws-Bishop-to-camp headlines in Because the Owens Valleyites in large capital letters and route carrying needed supplies and in the framed their travels northerly could witness center of the front page materials. The original field book the following the completion of the grading work announcement: "Cele- showing the log of trips, type of cargo bration of it was only natural that they should Sherwin Hill Conquest to and cost of repairs is still available and Occur One Week in burn with a desire to try out the new From Monday makes interesting reading in itself. Rock Creek ~ road. Boyer appealed to the traveling Canyon." Invitations The first car assigned to this area was were sent to the public in every way to forego trying owners of 300 li- a four-door sedan used by Bayer. cense cars to come and bring many to go through the new work. During as friends as their cars would hold, as UniT Completed in 7916 one weekend 90 cars were counted well as a basket lunch except meats traveling over the new road. Such By June, 1916, the grading and and coffee which would be provided. heavy traffic through construction structures were essentially completed The actual ceremony occurred on made it necessary for foyer to estab- to Sherwin Summit. In order to con- September 4, 1916, when about a lish road control hours during the .last tinue on the much needed northerly thousand people shared the pleasures two weeks of the construction period. descent from Sherwin Summit into of an outing on Rock Creek when El No one was allowed through the job Rock Creek, Day Labor Word Order Camino Sierra's first unit was auspi- from 7 to 11,30 a.m. or from 1 to No. D-101 was issued under date of ciously dedicated. For 4.30 p.m. 35 years since April 4, 1916, for 4.8 additional miles. J. L. C. Sherwin created his to11 road The same crews and camp setup Celebra4ion Held over that rock strewn slope and into arrangements were used in what Having worked so long and dili- the canyon beyond, humans and amounted to a continuation project gently for highway progress in this horses had expiated their sins on its northerly under Boyer's direction. area it was only natural that the peo- punishing climb and descent. While this extension work was under ple of Inyo-Mono should desire to ...Continued on page 30

LEFT—Looking south from Whiskey Canyon, showing existing route and proposed relocation. RIGHT—Looking north from Bircham Canyon shovsing proposed relocation on right. • Convention Cites Need for e ~v/ V oo m Ire Federal Highway Appro~ariations

Weymouth and J. P. Sinclair, District PRESSING NEED for many additional millions of dollars in highway con- Engineers; C. A. Maghetti, Highway struction appropriations was accented Commission Secretary; Kenneth C. during Redwood Empire Association's Adams, Editor,and Robert Rose, cam- 35th Annual Convention at Hoberg's eraman, California Highways and in Lake County, October 20th-22d. Public Works magazine; Peter Mitch- Particular emphasis was laid on the ell, President, and Ralph Bell, Press need for new federal-aid funds. Relations Officer, State Public Utili- The convention was one of the most ties Commission; Forest Fiorkni, Chair- successful and heavily attended in the man, California Aeronautics Commis- association's long record in behalf of sion and Clyde P. Barnett, Director highway development, tourist-vaca- of Aeronautics; F. H. Raymond, State tionist traffic promotion, and related Forester; John L. McLaughlin, State activities. Organization policies were Department of Motor Vehicles; J. set on a wide range of issues affecting Stuart Watson, Assistant Executive the present and future welfare of the Officer, State Lands Commission; Empire although the main themes of Ralph Phillips, U. S. Bureau of Pub- discourse related to highway and high- lic Roads Engineer; Webb Kennedy, way problems. Chief Engineer, U. S. Forest Service; and Fred T. Johnson, U. S. National Long List of Notables Park Service. The official and public interest with Other guests included: Russel Ells, which the associarion's activities are President, California Redwood Asso- viewed was attested to by the long ciation; Harold J. McCurry,Past Pres- list of notables who attended the REED W. ROBINSON ident and Edwin J. Moore, General Governor's dinner the closing night Manager, California State Automobile son of fan Francisco, who was elected of the convention. A crowd of 450 Association; Archie D. Stevenot, Pres- to a second term as president. He was filled the huge dining room to virtual ident, Mother Lode Highway Asso- by Arthur J. Schilder of capacity. Speakers included U. S. presented ciation; Frank E. Marsh, Executive Ukiah, a past president. Robinson paid Senators William F. Knowland and Vice President, San Francisco Bay to the organization's Thomas H. Kuchel. Toastmaster was singular tribute Area Council; Vincent Cooper, Assist- general manager, Clyde Ed- Robert R. gyros of San Francisco, Vice veteran ant General Manager, County Super- of San Francisco, whom he President of Pacific Gas &Electric mondson visors Association of California; and as "Mr. Redwood Em- Company, who returned recently introduced many others. Edmondson has been directing from a month behind the Iron Cur- pire." head of the association since 1925. Senator Kuchel Urges Highway Legislation tain. at the speaker's table in- Durkee and Allen delivered mes- Unable to attend the function be- Others State Senators A. W. Way and sages from the governors of their re- cause of his a-bsence from the State, cluded E. Busck~, and Assemblymen spective states pledging energetic sup- Governor Goodwin J. Knight was James Belotti and Ed Gaffney. Sen- port of sound highway programs officially represented by State Direc- Frank P. ator Busch welcomed the association's aimed at eliminating traffic hazards tor of Public Works Frank B. Durkee, and guests on behalf and otherwise improving highways Chairman of the California Highway representatives the citizens of Lake County. linking California and Oregon. Commission. Representing Governor of State and federal officials at the din- Although Knowland devoted a ma- Paul Patterson of Oregon was Niel R. included: T. Fred Bagshaw, As- jor portion of his address to interna- Allen of Grants Pass. Official greet- ner sistant Srate Public Works Director, tional affairs, he strongly endorsed ings from the California Highway served for many years on Red- Kuchel's earlier call for bipartisan Commission were extended by Com- who Empire Association's Executive support of President Eisenhower's rec- mission-er F. Walter Sandelin of wood R. H. Wilson and B. W. ommendations for an adequate inter- Ukiah. Board; Bool~er, Assistant State Highway En- state system of highways. Robinson Reelected President gineers; C. E. Bovey, Cooperative Kuchel blamed politics for the de- Presiding at the Governor's dinner Projects Engineer; Milton Harris, feat of the President's multibillion- as well as at other major functions of Construction Engineer; A. E. Elliot, doilar highway program in the last the conven~io~ was Reed W. Robin- Bridge Engineer; Alan S. Hart, L. A. session of Congress.

and Pubic Works 17 Supervisors Unit The supervisors unit, the association's policy-setting body on highways and legislative matters, met prior to the Governor's dinner. In further- ance of some of its lonb-established policies, the unit reiterated its inten- tions to: 1. Continue its campaign to promote additional federal-aid highway construction appropriations in all. classifications; 2. Increase its efforts to bring about the inclusion of US 101 and US 199 in the national system of interstate highways; 3. Campaign to promote additional federal funds for the U. S. Forest Service highways, U. S. Forest Serv-

Frank H. Bartholomew, Naw York City (right), Peesident United Press Association, was featured speaker at newspaper publishers unit breakfast session during the annual convention Redwood Em- pire Association at Hoberg's, October 22. Ukiah publisher, Ben A. Caber (center), presided as president of the publishers unit. At left is Earle W. Ful- lerton, Mendocino County vice president.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE BOARD MEMBERS, REDWOOD EMPIRE ASSOCIATION FOR THE NEW FISCAL YEAR 1955-56. FRONT ROW LEFT TO RIGHT—Board member George H. Allen, General Manager Clyde Edmondson, President Reed W. Robinson, $an Francisco; Past President Leo H. McLeod, Fortuna; Senator A. W. Way, President Shoreline Highway Association; Assoceation Counsel Elliot M. Epsfeen, San Francisco; Albert F. Beecher, Josephine County (Oregon); Unit President Leland J. Guglielmetti, Santa Rosa. BACK ROW LEFT TO RIGHT—Lake County Vice President Don Emerson; Unit President E. R. Freyer, Plercy; Board member Ted Huggins, San Francisco; Morin County Vice President Elias S. Day; Judge Raymond A. Lathrop and Josephine County Vice President Edwin S. Heydenburk, Grants Pass; Sonoma County Vice President Harry S. Graham.

1 ~ Californ►a Highways ice roads and trails and for other federal highway projects; 4. Pursue with increased vigor its PLUMAS COUNTY BRIDGE RECEIVES AWARD campaign for repeal of the remaining 10 percent federal transportation tax against persons. Chairmaned by its president, Earle W. Wrieden of Middletown, the supervisors unit unanimously decided that the association should continue to coordinate certain phases of its programs with those of the National As- sociation of Travel Organizations, American Association of State High- way Officials and other influential groups in an effort to realize some of its major objectives.

Shoreline Highway The unit also adopted into polic~T a series of recommendations of Shore- line Highway Association, a Redwood Empire Association affiliate of which Senator Way is president, calling for important highway improvements in Marin County and along the Empire coastline. is the bridge given an honorable mention award 6y fhe American Institute of Steel Construction During the final convention assem- This bly, resolutions were unanimously adopted expressing appreciation to California Division of Highways re- hardly an episode, but seemingly con- Governors Knight and Patterson; the ceived recognition for the appearance tinuous with the rugged highway con- State Highway Commissions of Cali- of one of its structures this month struction." fornia and Oregon; Director of Pub- when honorable mention award ~~as lic Works Durkee; George T. Mc- received from the American Institute PLANS ARE MAPPED FOR AltBA Engineer, and Coy, State Highway of Steel Construction in its annual ROAD SWOW AND CONVENTION other officials and engineers of the competition for the bridge over In- Plans for the 1957 American Road State Division of Highways; U. S. dian Creek in Plumas County. This Builders' Association Annual Conven- Bureau of Public Roads; U. S. Forest structure on the scenic Feather River tion and International Road Show are Service; federal and state legislators, Highway bridges Indian Creek near developing fast. Preliminary arrange- for their interest in state and federal where it joins Spanish Creek Keddie, ments for the show, which wi11 ex- highway projects and legislation, and one of the forks of the to form hibit all types of heavy construction for funds allocated for highway im- River. The structure is com- Feather machinery, were `corked out by rep- provements. posed two riveted girders, six feet of resentatives of ARBA and CIMA Other public officials who partici- a 28-foot concrete deep, supporting (Construction Industry Manufacturers. pated in unit and committee sessions single shaft concrete roadway. The Association) in September. were: Assemblyman Lloyd W. Low- piers add to the trim lines of the fin- rey; Harold B. LaForge, Engineer, ished structure. The new 248-foot The most spectacular indoor exhi- Federal-aid Secondary Highway Proj- bridge was completed August 24, bition of its kind ever held will draw ects; William L. Berry, Principal Hy- 1954, replacing an old 327-foot timber tremendous throngs to the enlarged draulic Engineer, State Division of deck truss structure built in 1929. Chicago Amphitheater from January Water Resources; Ruben Johnson, 26 to February 3, 1957. Space exceed- The award states:. "This bridge was representing Division and District En- ing 300,000 square feet will be de- chosen because it is well integrated gineers, Corps of Engineers;" U. S. voted to the equipment display. Dele- with the mountainous landscape, Army; Kenneth A. ,Brown, Deputy gates from every state and from most Real Estate Commissioner; Homer F. foreign countries, representing all Potter, acting Regional Director, analyst; and Frank H. Bartholomew branches of government and industry, Small Business Administration; Ran- of New York, President, United Press will participate in the brilliant con- dall Ward, President, California Mis- Association, who was the principal vention program to be offered by sion Trails Association; Henry T. speaker at the newspaper publishers ARBA and in the special activities of Maschal, nationally known research unit breakfast. the road show.

and Public Works 19 PLACER COUNTY USES fAS FUNDS TO REPLACE OUTMODED BRIDGE

By HERBERT E. ABELL, Road Commissioner

The Mother Lode country has removed another obstacle to modern transportation by the completion of a new bridge across the north fork of the American River in Placer County, three miles east of Auburn. The bridge lies on the historic route of the '49ers between Auburn and the fabulous placers of the American River Basin, the Foresthill Divide and the Town of Foresthill. Prior to 1862 the old timers forded or ferried the river at this point but soon recognized the advantage of a dry crossing and constructed a low level wooden bridge. Between that time and 1911 several wooden structures and a combination truss bridge served the traffic of those times. In 1911 a steel bowstring truss bridge was erected serving traffic on a one-way basis- until 1944 when it was deemed necessary to strengthen the structure to adequately provide for the ever-increasing loads. Even with this added reinforcement it was necessary to ford the stream with A new bridge downstream construcFed by Placer County under the Federal Air Secondary Highway overweight out-size equipment needed Program replaced this narrow steel truss bridge which served the Foresthill area between 7911 and 1955 for present-day logging operations.

Close-up of Placer County new FAS bridge

24 California Highways Current average daily traffic is approximately 700 vehicles, made up of the trucks that haul 60,000,000 feet of lumber to market annually, and all of the people engaged in that production, avestige of the '49ers and those of our cities who have found the peace of solitude in the vast recrea- tional area served.

With advent of the federal-aid secondary program for county roads in 1944, the people of Placer County and particularly those of the Foresthill Di- vide were given hope of relief from some of the inadequacies of their vehicular transportation system. Ac- cordingly, the county road from State Two different views of the new bridge across the North Fork of the American River in Placer County Highway No. 49 to Baker Ranch, via Foresthill, was designated as FAS made available by the County High- federal-aid secondary project to cor- Route 767, connecting with the $3,- way Aid Act of 1945, the California rect this deficiency. In January, 1954, 000,000 Mosquito Ridge forest access Construction and Employment Act of foundation investigations, preliminary road terminating at Foresthill, and 1946 and the county. County projects surveys for approaches and the pro- other important access roads which of stage construction and stepped up curement of other pertinent data were provide the outlet for forest products maintenance activities have, in part, initiated. The determination of the to the ever-demanding market. A proj- ]cept apace of traffic. most economical and most suitable ect, correcting the deficiencies of the type of structure was made immedi- grade climbing easterly out of the No. 9 Defieieney ately after adequate data were ob- Middle Fork Canyon, was initiated By 1952 the bridge constructed in tained. Of economic consideration and constructed with three fiscal year 1911 had become the No. 1 deficiency was the proposed use of the area as allotments of federal-aid secondary of the entire county primary road the reservoir site for the downstream highway funds plus matching funds system. The county programmed a ...Continued on page 47 and Public Works 21

Highways California California

22 22

Freeway Manteca Manteca the the of of complzfion complzfion before before occurrence occurrence daily daily

was was

which which 99, 99,

US US

Street, Street,

Main Main 66, 66,

and and Route Route

State State Avenue, Avenue,

Yosemite Yosemite of of the the at at intersection intersection in in Manteca Manteca congestion congestion traffic traffic the the show show two two photographs photographs These These

span. and Avenue Avenue Louise Louise Avenue, Avenue, Cottage Cottage borrow of of procurement procurement The The project. project.

single a a but but on traffic traffic of of consists consists which which local local serve serve ing ing structures structures tion tion the of of southeast southeast mile mile site site one one a a from from

separa- and and at at grade, grade, overcross- Manteca Manteca intersection intersection obtained south south the the was was except except borrow borrow Imported Imported

old the the replaces replaces 66 66 99 99 Route Route and and intervals. piling, concrete concrete -foot -foot 60 at at reinforced reinforced on on provided provided ments ments

US of of

intersection intersection new new

the the at at change change joints paper paper and and sawed sawed were were joints joints abut- concrete concrete type type reinforced reinforced low low

inter- full full a a ends; ends;

south south

and and

north north

plane weakened weakened

Intermediate Intermediate base. base. and and hol- bents bents center center

concrete concrete

forced forced

the at at provided provided were were A~Ianteca A~Ianteca from from untreated on on

-mix -mix

plant with with

paved paved

are are

rein-

on on

supported supported spans spans

girder girder

box box

to to

and traffic traffic

serve serve

to to interchanges interchanges roads tial tial frontage frontage and and ramps ramps and and grade, grade,

continuous

two two of of

and and

consist consist crete crete

Par- required. required.

were were

structures structures

sub- Six Six

treated treated

- on on cement concrete concrete ment ment

con-

reinforced reinforced are are structures structures All All

Works. Public Public crzzd crzzd way way ce- portland portland of of constructed constructed been been have have

the the overcrossings.

High- California California of of issue issue May -June -June lanes The The through through developed. developed.

need need

east east

Road Road

Lathrop Lathrop

with with

connecting connecting

year's this this in in Helwer Helwer Sam Sam by by such such a cussed cussed when when lanes lanes six six to to expansion expansion

Avenue

North North

and and

Avenue Avenue South South

dis- was was This This subject subject table. table. water water the the allow to to incorporated incorporated were were

provisions provisions

bet~~een

and and

Avenue Avenue

Cottage Cottage

and and

and agriculture agriculture highly highly developed developed the the facility, -lane -lane the the four designing designing

In In

66 Route Route between between constructed constructed

were were terrain, level level the the to to due due

problems problems

of of

Expanded Be Be

Cnn Cnn

roads

Frontage Frontage Road. Road. Lathrop Lathrop on on

a a number presents presents area area this this in in material material signs.

"stop" -`vay -`vay by by four controlled controlled grade grade

at intersection intersection highway highway a a and and ings ings

cross- grade grade railroad railroad three three ness ness area, area,

busi- Manteca Manteca the the of of center center very very the the

through highway highway -lane -lane two of of 5.7 5.7 miles miles

some eliminates eliminates It It access. access. of of control control

with with full highway highway divided divided four a a -lane -lane

of consists consists -mile -mile relocation relocation 4.6 The The X. X.

99 99 District in in US US on on travel travel to to opened opened

be to to freeway freeway full full of of section section third third

is is the Manteca Manteca east east of of unit unit This This

99 99 broizen. was was US US on on

bottleneck traffic traffic major major year, year, a a this this of of

in in early early November Freeway Freeway Manteca Manteca

WTx WTx the of of traffic traffic to to opening opening TxE TxE

Engineer Resident Resident HATCH, HATCH, K. K. N. N. By By

reev~a

ec~ ec~

an an Broken 991s 991s US US On On

Tragic Tragic Major Major bottleneck The ne~v route traverses a highly developed agricultural area served by the South San Joaquin Irrigation Dis- trict. It was necessary for the contractor to schedule the placing of reinforced concrete pipe for eight irrigation ditches and four drainage ditches so as to provide uninterrupted irrigation service.

Irrigation System Because of a high water table, the contractor selected the ``well-point" system in placing irrigation structures. He drilled a series of shallow wells at 12- to 15-foot intervals and backfilled with a pervious material which facili- tated the percolation of water into the wells where it could be removed by means of small pumps. This system to«-ered the water table sufficiently to allow the placing of concrete pipe «~ithout difficulty. Some 60 parcels of land, containing a total of 193 acres, were acquired for right of way on the new freeway. With the exception of two parcels requiring condemnation, all property was acquired by mutual agreement with the owners. The cost of land and improvements was $560,000 and utility relocations amounted to $50,000.

Troublesome Bottleneck The former highway was con- Aerial view of Manteca Freeway, looking south, showing Coffage Avenue and Louise Avenue structed in 1925 and consisted of two separation structures concrete lanes. The northern portion traversed Main Street, the major nation study conducted in 1948 and bid $1,821,227.40. Collins Electric north-south business thoroughfare in 1949. Company of Stockton was the suc- Manteca. The intersection of Main Destination Survey cessful bidder on the lighting contract aC $2~,~~~.7~. Street with Yosemite Avenue. (State From a total of 21,000 vehicles, the contractor's Route 66) has been a bottleneck to 20,000 driver interviews were con- Adolph Bauer was Eric Nordlin was traffic and a source of dissatisfaction ducted. The results indicated that 60 superintendent and representative for to both motorists and residents of percent of the north-south traffic de- Bridge Department Manteca. sired to bypass Manteca and that 35 the State. The intersection of these two nar- percent of traffic west of Manteca on Work commenced August 5, 1954, ro~v streets impeded the movement of Route 66 entered or left the south leg and the scheduled date for comple- trucks which had difficulty negotiat- of US 99. In removing the route from tion is in December. Because one ap- ing the short radii returns, and the Manteca, it is estimated that the trav- proach to the Lathrop Road over- four-way stop signs introduced addi- eling public will save $14,000,000 in crossing would block use of the old tional delay to traffic. Residents of 20 years because of reduced transit highway at the north end of the proj- Manteca and the surrounding area time and distance. These and other ect, it was necessary to have the free- found it difficult to shop in Manteca factors were considered in determin- way open before constructing this ap- due to vehicular congestion and lack ing the ultimate routing and on March proach. For this reason, the contrac- of parking areas. 18, 1953, the California Highway tor's operations continued some eight opened. Modernization of US 99 and State Commission adopted the present route tiveeks after the project was traffiic on Route 66 through Manteca has. been as a freeway. During this period, local a system under study for a number of years. Bids were received June 30, 1954, Lathrop Road was served by portions of the The first major step towards achiev- and the contract awarded to A. of frontage roads and freeway. in~ this goal was an origin and desti- Teichert and Son of Sacramento who old highway and the new

and Public Works 2~ a ~ I ~ New East Bay Distribution Structure Opened to Tragic

By WILLIA/V! TRAVIS, District Construction Engineer ~, oN ocTOSEx 24, 1955, the final por- Highway Advisoxy Committee. The for of Public Works Franlc B. Durkee, tions of the newly reconstructed East guests were welcomed by President B. W. Booker, Assistant State High- Bay distribution structure were Norris Nash of the Oakland Chamber way Engineer in charge of District opened to traffic. The occasion was of Commerce and Chester E. Stanley IV, Assemblyman W. Byron Rum- marked by ribbon-cutting ceremonies of the Alameda County Highway Ad- ford, Mayor Clifford E. Rishell of at the site and aluncheon-reception visory Committee acted as chairman Oakland and Supervisor Kent D. sponsored by the Alameda County of the day. Speakers included Direc- Pursel of Alameda County.

View looking easterly, showing East Bay distribution structure as originally constructed in 1936 View looking easterly, showing Easl Bay disfrlbutfon sfrueture as reconstructed

The original interchange at this lo- Third TraNic Level change area as does the Key System cation was placed in service in 1936 The new construction provides a Interurban Line which passes beneath when the San Francisco=Oakland Bay third level of highway traffic by the the Southern Pacific tracks. Canse- Bridge was first opened to traffic. The construction of separate ramps to in- quently, there are five separate levels design provided interchange of Bay terchange traffic between MacArthur of traffic in the completed inter- Bridge traffic, Eastshore Freeway traf- Boulevard and either the Bay Bridge change. fic and traffic from MacArthur Boule- or the Eastshore Freeway. This con- Of primary importance in the de- vard. While the original design was struction completely eliminates the sign of the new facility was the neces- extremely advanced in its conception weaving sections of the original struc- sary provision for the 120,000 vehicles it did contain weaving sections 550 ture. Because, however, of the excel- which daily pass through the inter- original design the greater feet in length which have for some lence of the change. Several designs were devel- part of the original structure remains years been greatly overtaxed by rea- oped which, upon completion, would son of the tremendous increase in in service to interchange traffic be- adequately serve traffic but which de- traffic in the East Bay. The design, tween Cypress Street and either the when no practi- however, did provide a full directional Bay Bridge or the Eastshore Freeway. signs were discarded interchange with relatively high speed The main line of the Southern Pa- cal means could be worked out to ramp design. cific railroad runs through the inter- serve traffic during construction.

and Public Works 25

Highways California California 26 26

entirely entirely adequate. this Upon Upon grade. grade. the the in in material material ing ing pitches short short of of number number a a had had grade grade

be will will highway highway feels feels he he the the struction, struction, the the of of underly- made made bearing bearing value value old the the the the However, However, alignment. alignment. original original

con- the the actual actual to to given given and and attention attention of tests tests of of results results the the upon upon pendent pendent the from from locations locations few few a a only only in in varies varies

care the the .and .and in in design design the the details details all all de- thick, thick, 15 15 3 3 inches inches to to from from erally erally improvement the the of of alignment alignment The The

to given given the the attention attention traffic traffic needs, needs, the the

gen-

material, material, (gravel) (gravel)

subbase subbase

ported ported

lengthened. as as well well as as be be to to replaced replaced

in in estimating was was used used care care that that the the

on on im-

supported supported is is

The The

roadbed roadbed

had and and leaking leaking were were these these of of many many

With

this this

route. route. years years on on 20 20

next next the the

accidents. reduce reduce to to help help definitely definitely pipes, irrigation irrigation case case of of

the the

In In

tures. tures.

public public for traveling traveling the the needs needs of of the the

They operate. operate. to to vehicles vehicles

for for

area area

struc-

and and

bridges bridges

the the all all widening widening of of

to to meet was was designed designed

the the

tion, tion, facility facility

maneuver

a a and and

park park to to

vehicle vehicle abled abled consisted accomplished accomplished work work The The

construc- highway highway state state

day day present present

dis- a a fora fora place place provides provides shoulders shoulders

$2,000,000. of of case case the the as as all that that in in said said

Trask Trask

wide

these these

of of

inclusion inclusion

The The roads roads

approximately of of ~penditure ~penditure the the sents sents

standards.

current current to to up up

-lane

for for

two

design design ?e ?e suitab most most

repre- likewise likewise It It Highways. Highways. of of sion sion this this in in district 99E 99E of of section section the the

ing ing

the be be

to to

found found

been been has has

This This

section section

the the Divi- of of part part on on the the bring- over over contracts contracts gratification gratification his his five five expressed expressed

-foot -foot shoulders. eight

with with

wide wide

feet feet

Redding, at at under Highways Highways of of construction construction Division Division the the and and planning planning of of

lanes lanes driving driving «~o «~o t

provides provides

This This of District District Engineer Engineer Trask, Trask, W. W. J. J. five five years culminates culminates This This completed. completed.

wide.

is is feet feet 40 40 surface surface

The The

new new

has has been Molinos Molinos face. Los Los and and line line county county

sur- mix mix plant plant athree -inch -inch been been removed. have have these these with with of of tance. tance.

All All thick thick Butte the the between between County County Tehama Tehama in in

inches six six base base

treated treated cement cement a a is is sight sight dis- which which restricted restricted rolls rolls 99E and and Route Route of of section section the the mn mn Paving Paving

COMPLETED g9E g9E US US OF OF SECTION SECTION COUNTY COUNTY TEHAMA TEHAMA

Bay. East East

politan politan establish will will projects projects these these of of tion tion the for for prepared prepared being being also also are are Plans Plans

metro-

the the throughout throughout

facilities facilities way way Comple- status. status. freeway freeway full full to to vard vard rapidly. progressing progressing is is Street Street Cypress Cypress

type type high- of of

the the highest highest

of of system system a a Boule- MacArthur MacArthur of of reconstruction reconstruction along viaduct viaduct -deck -deck double a a of of tion tion

construc- the the for for contract contract $6,000,000 $6,000,000

the

interchange interchange

the the of of Southerly Southerly in in Dennis Dennis King, King, center. his his with with grandson, grandson, Rishell, Rishell, E. E. Oakland, Oakland, Clifford Clifford Mayor Mayor Commerce; Commerce; Chamber Chamber of of

Oakland General General Manager, Manager, A. A. W. W.

IV; IV; Sperling, Sperling, District District Engineer, Engineer, Sfate Sfate Highway Highway Assistant Assistant overhead. Booker, Booker, Cerrito Cerrito W. W. B. B. El El the the to to cility cility

fo fo left left right— are, are, Committee Committee Advitory Advitory County County Highway Highway

Alameda Alameda by by

reception reception sponsored sponsored

at at PicFured PicFured

fa- modern modern -lane -lane eight an an as as structed structed

recon- been been has has Freeway Freeway Eastshore Eastshore

the interchange interchange the the of of Northerly Northerly

area. interchange interchange the the in in duct duct

via- of of miles miles three three roughly roughly to to amounts amounts

structure, the the original original of of feet feet linear linear

6,000 about about with with together together which, which,

structures elevated elevated new new of of feet feet linear linear

10,000 includes includes construction construction new new the the

$4,500,000 of of cost cost a a at at Completed Completed

Inc. Co., Co., Knudsen Knudsen - Morrison and and Inc., Inc.,

Nelson, and and Young Young 1l~IacDonald, 1l~IacDonald, by by

under under contract 1954, 1954, March, March, in in started started

was ramps ramps new new of of the the Construction Construction

times. at at all all service service traffic traffic full full vide vide

pro- to to as as facility facility new new the the of of struction struction

con- with with correlated correlated so so was was bridges bridges

detour these these of of use use The The $150,'000.. $150,'000.. of of

cost a a at at detour detour bridges bridges timber timber two two

of the the by by inclusion inclusion provided provided was was tion tion

construc- throughout throughout service service Traffic Traffic

cars cars daily. 240,000 240,000 of of capacity capacity ultimate ultimate

with with an interchange interchange directional directional a a full full

provides adopted adopted finally finally The The design design

inferahange Directional Directional ('+ ~ Improvements on FPistor►c Raute JEliminate Two-lane Road

By C. G. BEER, Assistant District Engineer

Fovii-LnNE divided expressway re- pected to finish on schedule. A. Kin- These conditions occur several times placed the former two-lane road over namon has been superintendent of each winter. They have, in the past, a long and important segment of his- construction for Griffith Company, been aggravated by the difFculties of toric Cajon Pass in San Bernardino and H. C. Prentice and Toni Borman maneuvering traffic on the two-lane County on October 13, 1955. Griffith i°epresented the State as resident engi- road. Many of the closures have been Company, contractor for conseruction neers. caused as much by traffic blockades of a 17.4-mile section of US 66-91-395, As is indicated by the photographs, as by the snow and ice which were opened the new construction to traffic the provision of four lanes in this area present. on that date. The summit of the pass will greatly expedite the passage of important Gateway is included in the newly completed faster traffic around heavy trucks The history of Cajon Pass, one of section, which extends from 0.5 mile slowed by the grades of the pass. It' -the important gateways through the south of Gish Underpass to Palmdale is also anticipated that closure of the mountains surrounding Southern Cali- Road. Worlc started on this $1,860,000 highway under ice and snow condi- fornia was traced in an article pub- contract on April 20, 1954, and is ex- tions will be considerably reduced. ...Continued on page 40

LEFT—Gish Underpass as widened to four-Pane divided roadway. RIGHT—Approaching Cajon Pass from the south

LEFT—Summit of Cajon Pass. the old replaced highway is shown on the right. RIGHT—Construction view taken immediately south of Cajon Pass Summit.

pad PubrC works 27

His~hways California California 2~ 2~

project. experimental experimental Secand Secand i i proje:t. proje:t. experimental experimental Firs. Firs. * * site borrow borrow the the from from obtained obtained material material

4,Q~7,000

To'al To'al

of the the majority majority Fortunately, Fortunately, pages. pages.

of of 1955 Sept., Sept., stop- 1952- -00± Jan., Jan., effects effects 35~ to to the the -0~± -0~± detrimental detrimental 20, come come 230,000 S. S. F. in in

Projects from from Material Material Excess Excess to to fill fill over- the the of of ahead ahead the the mud mud in in

1955 -Qct., -Qct., 1955 May, May, -~00± to to

35 ~00-~- ~00-~-

450,000

20-

_ _

__ __ Co. Co.

___.___ Delphic Delphic

John John

placed

dynamite dynamite

of of

use use

the the

and and

tion tion

1955

-Oct., -Oct., Aug.; Aug.; 1954 -}-00± 110 to to --00± --00± 56~ Co. 1,953,000 _ _ Atkinson Atkinson F. F. Guy Guy

produc- of of rate rate constant constant equipment, equipment,

1954

-June, -June, 1953

Sept., Sept.,

-{-00±

to to

-00± -00± 35~ 956,000 Co.~- Atkinson Atkinson F. F. Guy Guy

of type type nose, nose,

of of

shape shape the the

designating designating

-Aug., -Aug., 1952 1952 Jan., Jan., +00 20 to to -{-00± -{-00± 6

418,000

Co.~~~ Edward Edward

Keeble Keeble

prepared were were

specifications specifications

fills, fills, tal tal

Dafes Inclusive Inclusive Limits

Sta. Sta.

Placed Yds. Yds. Cu. Cu.

Contractor

experimen- two two the the

on on

gathered gathered ence ence

PROJECTS

FILL FILL

COMPLETED COMPLETED

OF OF SUMMARY SUMMARY

and and experi- information information the the Using Using

the of of pasiton pasiton the the and and material, material, of of rate rate

at the the and and was was carried, carried, the the nose nose

Stoppages of of Effect's Effect's

mud, mud, type underlying underlying the the of of strength strength which at at the the elevation elevation controls, controls, these these

depth depth and with with the the correlate correlate to to varied varied Using . .. .. mud. mud. page page from from in in 9 9 for for the the Continued Continued placement placement ideal ideal

was was was advanced advanced fill fill FILL the the which which W~4'~Edt” W~4'~Edt” „OPEfV „OPEfV in in nature, and and very very rocky rocky vas vas uniform uniform

Point. ground ground Sierra Sierra at at solid solid on on structure structure

railroad railroad on over over

carried carried

be be

will will

Freeway Freeway

tracks. tracks. additional additional fo fo is is provide provide railroad railroad relocation relocation of of Purpose Purpose of of facilities. facilities. existing existing right right the the to to Poinf Poinf the the across across

be be

will will

relocated

and and

highway highway railroad railroad

Both Both foreground. foreground. in in Sierra Sierra Point Point Cove, Cove, across across Candlestick Candlestick Bayshore Bayshore Freeway Freeway for for fill fill of of section section water water open open of of View View tide. This procedure gave satisfactory e s~ Division of results in obtaining uniform displace- day Bridge Is One Posts ment of mud on the two filling con- Of $even Modern ~/Vater Resources tracts just completed. It is estimated that an additional Eng i neeri nc~ Wonders T~r~porarily Filled quantity of 1,200,000 cubic yards of Included in the Seven Modern En- The following temporary assign- fill will be required to complete the gineering Wonders of the United ments in the Division of Water Re- embankment. This material is being States designated by the American So- sources, effective November 2d, were placed under the current contract on ciety of Civil Engineers is the San announced by Frank B. Durkee, Di- which work was recently started. In- Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. This rector of Public Works: cluded in this contract is the construc- world-famous span was designed and Harvey O. Banks, Assistant State tion of an overpass over the railroad built under the personal supervision of Engineer, in addition to his regular tracl~s at Sierra Point and box culverts the late Charles H. Purcell, State duties with respect to water rights and to equalize the water level in the la- Highway Engineer and later Director water quality investigations, assumed goon that will be enclosed by the free- of the Department of Public Works the duties of State Engineer. way embankment. One more contract of California. State Engineer A. D. Edmonston re- will be required to cover the paving The other projects named are: tired from state service on November of this freeway bypass. It is expected Chicago Sewage Disposal System— 1st, that bids for this final project will involving Herculean excavation; re- Walter G. Schulz, Principal Hy- be called for in 1956, in coordination versal of the flow of the Chicago draulic Engineer, took over the duties with progress on the current contract River and construction of the world's of G. H. Jones, Assistant State Engi- so as to provide a continuous freeway largest treatment works. neer, in charge of flood control proj- from the central district of San Fran- Colorado River Aqueduct—serving ects and supervision of safety of cisco to the heart of the peninsula at 66 municipalities in Southern Califor- dams. the earliest possible date. nia with water brought almost 250 Jones retired from state service miles, traversing desert and mountains effective November 1st. NEW EXPRESSlIVAY and involving part canal, part tunnel William L. Berry, Principal Hy- Continued from page 13 , .. and part siphon. draulic Engineer, assumed the duties Empire State Building, New York of T. B. Waddell, Assistant State En- that a small amount of color was dis- City—tallest building man has con- gineer, in charge of state-wide inves- covered. structed. tigations and related matters. Old Trestle Removed Grand Coulee Dam and Columbia Waddell retired from state service Another interesting problem was River Basin Project, Washington—an on November 1st. the removal of an old railroad trestle irrigation marvel; has world's largest The three staff members to whom and truss structure used by the Ca- hydroelectric power plant. the assignments have been made are mino, Placerville and Lake Tahoe Hoover Dam, Arizona-Nevada— not being appointed to the vacancies Railroad. The structure was replaced world's highest. resulting from the retirement of their by a grade crossing at Washington Panama Canal—greatest of geograph- superiors, Durkee stated. They will Street. The railroad company re- ical surgical operations; of distin- continue to carry on their regular moved the rails from the structure, guished service to entire world. duties for the time being. but it became the responsibility of the Civil service examinations for the contractor to remove the remainder. MONTHLY YRAFFIC COUNTS position of Assistant State Engineer The contractor wanted to use the Regular monthly traffic counts for will be held. truss portion to place over one of our October, 1955, show an increase of The State Personnel Board has not structures so he could use overweight 6.8 percent over October, 1954. They been requested to hold an examination roadway equipment, and therefore show a decrease of 5.7 percent under for the position of State Engineer. wanted to save the truss at all costs. September, 1955. Based on a five-year This will make it possible for the Leg- Dismantling and loading the structure average, October counts normally islature in March of next year to have without dropping it gave everyone show a decrease of 5.5 percent under a free hand in discussing the forma- some bad moments, but the project September. tion of a new Department of Water was completed successfully and the For the first 10 months of 1955 the Resources without having to consider end results of building a bridge over a monthly counts show an increase of the vested rights of any individual bridge gave the contractor an eco- 5.5 percent over the same period of with respect to the position of State nomical hauling arrar~gement. 1954. Engineer. This 1.5-mile new facility will save Comparing October, 1955, with Oc- STIFF PENALTY through motorists from five minutes tober, 1954, passenger vehicles show The maximum penalty for drunken to an hour in time, depending on traf- an increase of 6.9 percent and freight driving in South Africa, says the Cali- fic volumes, and will provide for vehicles show an increase of 6.8 per- fornia State Automobile Association, easier circulation of local traffic on cent. Freight vehicles represented 20.3 is a $2,800 fine or 10 years in prison, Main Street. percent of the total week-day traffic. or both.

and Puhlic V~/orks 29

California California Highways 3~0 3~0

water. of of miles miles square square 450 450 than than curves. sharp sharp and and 17, 17, steep steep other other the 1953, 1953, pitches pitches covering covering was was submitted submitted

Decerr►ber

encloses encloses Bay Bay Francisco Francisco San San bottleneck bottleneck more Grade Grade and Creek Creek Rock Rock A A project project dated dated report report

BAY FRANCISCO FRANCISCO SAN SAN Hill- Sherwin Sherwin the the

eliminate eliminate

to to

County, County,

for for made made studies. preliminary preliminary

Inyo Bishop, Bishop,

of of

north north

Highway) Highway)

was $1,000 $1,000 request request formal formal a a and and for for

years. three three past past the the

395 395

Flags (Three (Three

Highway Highway

US US of of

line, Mesa Mesa eastern,. eastern,. possible possible or or routing, routing,

basis basis

exchange exchange

an an on on for California California -mile -mile

section 12

relocation relocation

a a of of ward ward

the on on line line develop. develop. to to sary sary grade grade a a

available available been been has has

ways ways

Nevada Nevada in in to

to- step step

This This

preliminary preliminary a a was was tion. tion.

neces- from from ings, ings, appeared appeared it it which which

main main on on

high-

Information Information Oregon. Oregon. ac- favorable favorable

with with

Commission Commission met met

rout- several several of of possibilities possibilities the the plored plored

Washington Washington

of of States States the the with with and the the

Highway of of

meeting meeting

September September

ex- engineer engineer the the and and Office Office district district

of of

exchange exchange

an an by by Coast, Coast,

information the presentation presentation 1954, 1954,

at at

3, 3,

for for ber ber

Headquarters representative representative a a 1948, 1948, of of

the the

entire entire

winter winter cover cover to to Pacific

Septem- filed filed map map

adoption adoption

route route

The The

April, In In dropped dropped was was work work suddenly. suddenly.

extended extended be be will will

verse verse

weather weather this made. was was

survey survey

an an

aerial aerial and and yon yon

all reached reached stage stage report report sance sance was was

to to subject subject

highways highways state state

covering covering ad- Whiskey Whiskey

Can-

and and

Birchim Birchim Canyon Canyon

reconnais- the the before before but but problem problem the the

condition condition road road

-wide -wide state

of of reports

between

relocation relocation

12.0

-mile -mile proposed proposed

study study complete complete a a cover cover to to of provided provided its its that that announced announced system Highways Highways

up up were funds funds and and again again came came tion tion

the the time time Division Division same same the the At At of California. in in street street city city longest longest

ques- the the 1931 1931 Late Late mesa. mesa.

in in

easterly easterly

99. US US of of section section Ridge Ridge Route Route miles, miles, the is is %Z %Z 22 22 for for extends extends which which

5 5 the on on route route percent percent a a of of discussion discussion

US US and and 40 40 of of area area Summit Summit Donner Donner the Los Los Angeles, in in Street Street Figueroa Figueroa

i i some was was there there 1928 1928 or or 192 192 About About in in installed installed be be

will will

the system system radio radio STREET LONlGEST LONlGEST

the the winter winter This This intercommunication

$318 $318 engineering. for for

emergencies. other other and and accidents accidents

Manager General General materials materials $13 $13 and for for equipment, equipment, and and

weather, weather, conditions, conditions, traffic traffic and and and

SPARLING A. A. W. W. supplies, supplies, teams $18,651 $18,651 labor, labor, for for into into

concerning concerning messages messages other's other's road .each .each

Sincerely down broken broken $18,982, $18,982, State State the the cost cost

will will

workers workers

maintenance maintenance hear and and

up up to ~~as ~~as totaled totaled

Creek Creek eventually eventually

regards personal personal Kindest Kindest

the the whereby whereby

patrolmen headquarters headquarters

Rock Sher~~in Sher~~in to to down down Summit Summit from from

State. our our

and and

vehicles vehicles

maintenance maintenance local way way

The The project companion companion gineering. gineering.

important important confronting problem problem single single

cars, cars, Patrol Patrol

Highway Highway

high- in in ment ment

en- for for materials materials for for $3,317 $3,317 $2,990 $2,990 and and

most the the perhaps perhaps projects, projects, struction struction

receiving receiving of of

installations installations equip- pleted pleted

teams, teams, labor, and and equipment equipment for for were were

highway highway con- major major of of abreast abreast public public

have have

agencies agencies

com- state state two two The The

$44,928. $44,928. $38,621 total total this this Of Of cost cost to to

the keeping keeping in in service service agreat agreat forms forms

radio. of of

was was reciconed finally finally Hill Hill Sherwin Sherwin

of of

per- and and which which Works, Works, Public Public ways ways

the the

through through

winter winter

this this

use possible possible be be

5.8 5.8 miles the the of of oiling oiling and and structures structures

California California High- of of display display and and work work

conditions conditions ice ice

and and

snow snow will despite despite

grading, covering covering project project first first This. This.

art the the format, format, the the of of excellence excellence on on

highways highways state state

open keeping keeping in in trol trol

you congratulating congratulating in in number number great great

395.

Highway Highway

California California the the Pa- and and ways ways

the join join I I May May Aua~is: Aua~is: Mx. Mx. DEAR DEAR

US now now Sierra, Sierra, Camino Camino El El as as -n -n « lcno of of Division Division State State High- the the between between

was was then what what of of beginning beginning the the Editor -rs, -rs, Anne KErT KErT 1 1 only only 4x. 4x. than than teamwork teamwork before ever ever Closer Closer

was

celebration celebration

and and

dedication dedication

cious cious

REPORTS ROAD ROAD BILL WINTER WINTER YOU, YOU, TO TO BOW BOW A A

auspi- pounds pounds an an Such Such trout. trout. of of 200 200

575 575 and steaks steaks some some ser~-ed ser~-ed chef chef head head

the while while scenery scenery mountain mountain and and views views

dedication of of feet feet 1 many many 0 in in 25 reeling reeling K. K. MacLachlan, MacLachlan, ...... A A

27 0 25 Dykstra, Dykstra, D...... Aldrich Aldrich 0 25 ...... T T 48 Charles Charles Ledden, Ledden,

people people were picture picture moving moving Pathe Pathe Departmen! Bridge Bridge

23 0 25 ...... Marie Marie Grace Grace Hines, Hines,

18 0 45 ......

H H Herbert Herbert Deardorff, Deardorff,

The

pass. pass.

to to

permitted permitted procession procession

0 45 ...... M M Roy Roy Lasater, Lasater, .. .. Office Central Central

District District

VIII

and and cord cord the the the severed severed was was parley parley

20 45 Margaret Margaret 0 ...... Elster, Elster,

22 25 0 Rockfellow, Rockfellow, E...... Geor'se Geor'se VII District District

brief a a to to command command in in After After halt. halt. the the

VII Dislrie! Dislrie!

8 0 25 George George Anderson, Anderson, ...... F F hand his his

Paiutes Paiutes the the raised raised

of of chief chief

0 25 ......

Charles Charles

Snyder, Snyder,

H H

VI District District

6 0 25

...... L L Lamb, Lamb, Albert Albert brown the the as as barrier barrier the the to to walked walked

13 Dewey Dewey 0 25 ...... Sers¢ .Sers¢ Rar L...... Bartick. Bartick. 1 0

and auto auto the the from from machete machete a a took took V District District District District IV

who lady lady young young

charming charming a a by by side side 11 0 25 Potts, Potts,

C...... Earl Earl 44 0 25 ...... W W Charles Charles Snyder, Snyder,

III District District

~ ~

District District

driven driven opposite the the to to was was car car cial cial

1955 30, 30,

JUNE JUNE 1955 31, 31, October October

while while offi- the the barrier barrier the the to to up up

rode rode

ON ELIGIBLE ELIGIBLE ON ELIGIBLE ELIGIBLE

old old order feathers feathers the the typifying typifying and and

Dayg

Mos. Yrs. Yrs. Yra. Yra.

Days Mos. Mos. Name Name Indians Indians paint in in mounted mounted of of band band

a a

service

Total Total

service Total Total

the the flowers. flowers. side upper upper On On and and vines vines

barrier barrier

a a was was which which across across summit summit and and October October 1955, 1955, November, November, are: during during awards awards

the reaching reaching hefore hefore

cut cut rocky rocky

deep, deep, -year eligible eligible 25 for for became became Highways Highways of of Division Division who who the the of of Employees Employees

a ceremonies ceremonies in in The The place place took took

ColorFul ColorFul Ceremonies

-year -year Awards -five Twenty Employees Employees Receive Receive

... 16 16 page page from from Continued Continued

GRADE SHERWIN SHERWIN I ~ ~ Highway Agency Votes Total of U $247,338,Ofl0 for Constr~ucfior►

ASTATE HIGhIWAY BUDGET Pl'OV1C~lrig' vide a multilane divided highway on $247,338,000 for major construction Comr~ission Adds US 99 between the Los Angeles area purposes for the 1956-57 Fiscal Year and. Sacramento approximately 360 has been adopted by the California $7,060,000 to Its miles long, continuous except for less Highway Commission. Current Road than a mile of four-lane undivided The new state highway budget, the Funds highway at two railroad separations largest ever adopted in California, The California Highway Commis- and short sections through a few contains a grand total for all state sion on October 19th added $7,060,000 northern San Joaquin Valley cities. highway purposes of $310,721,600, in- in construction and rights of way to Other major freeway projects in cluding maintenance and other items. the Northern California portion of the the budget will complete the 38-mile The construction items include $163,- State Highway Budget for 1955-56 section of the Eastshore Freeway from 360,000 for major projects, including representing part of the additional Oakland to San Jose; extend the Bay- construction engineering, and $83,- funds made available by virtue of a shore Freeway 7.5 miles to the San 978,000 for acquisition of rights of refund from San Francisco-Oakland Mateo-Santa Clara county line, and ~vay for future construction. Bay Bridge toll revenues. complete the four-mile over water The $247,338,000 for major con- Largest item included in the current section across Candlestick Cove; and struction purposes exceeds by $23,- budget is an allocation of $2,050,000 provide 7.5 miles of freeway construc- 443,000 the comparable allocations for for widening of the Eastshore Free- tion on US 101 in the San Fernando the 1955-56 state highway budget as way from four lanes to six lanes be- Valley. revised in December, 1954. Almost tween High Street in Oakland and San Additional major projects will con- half of the increase—$10,000,000 rep- Lorenzo. vert most of the remaining multilane resents aportion of the reimbursement Another $900,000 was allocated for divided sections of the Santa Ana to the State Highway Fund, as pro- acquisition of anew vessel for the Freeway to full freeway by construc- vided by the Legislature, of previous Benicia-Martinez Ferri. tion of separation structures and front- expenditures for the operation and The remaining $4,110,000 consisted age roads, and extend it 10 miles to maintenance of the San Francisco- of allocations for acquisition of rights El Toro, Orange County. With the Oalcland Bay Bridge. The rest. of the of way, as follows: 10 miles of the Hollywood Freeway reimbursement, approximately $7,000,- Alameda County, US 50 (MacAr- already in operation, and the freeway 000, has been incorporated in the thur Freeway in Oakland), $1,8QO,OQO. construction completed, under way or 1955-56 state highway budget. Contra Costa County, Sign Routes newly budgeted on the Santa Ana 21 and 24 in the Lafayette-Walnut Early Stccr4 on Construc4ion Freeway, this will provide 53 miles of Creek-Danville area, $1,230,000. continuous full freeway, except for A faster than usual start on con- San Mateo County, Bayshore Free- intersections at grade at Orangethorpe struction of some of the newly budg- way, between San Mateo and the and Magnolia Avenues where separa- eted projects has been made possible Santa Clara county line, $700,000. tion structures are planned but not yet by a law enacted at the 1955 Session Santa Clara County, San Jose-Los financed. of the Legislature, permitting award Gatos-Campbell area, various portions, of state highway contracts as early as $3 80,000. Added Freewray on US 101 1anuary 1st, six months before the The remaining approximately $10,- On other sections of US 101, addi- start of the budget year: This provi- 000,000 from the $17,000,000 Bay tional freeway and expressway con- sion will enable the Division of High- Bridge refund to the. State Highway struction is scheduled in Santa Bar- ways to advertise some of the proj- Fund will be incorporated in the bara, San Luis Obispo, Marin, Sonoma, ects for bids within the next few State Highway Budget, not 1956-57 Mendocino, Humboldt and Del Norre ~veelcs, permitting earlier opening of yet adopted by the commission. road improvements to traffic through Counties. Two projects in San Luis Obispo County, when completed, will maximum use of favorable construc- lane freeway and expressway projects tion weather. Under previous state make US 101 a continuous four-lane both within urban areas and on long freeway and expressway for more law, contracts could mot be awarded stretches of intercity highways. before April.. than 65 miles between north of Santa In addition to highway and bridge Freeway Projects Maria and San Miguel, except improvements on many rural routes, For example, freeway projec~s through the cities of Arroyo Grande Beach. the projects included in the new state budgeted for 1956-57 in Tulare, and Pismo highway budget provide for the com- Fresno, San. Joaquin and Sacramento On US 40 in Contra Costa County, pletion or extension of many multi- Counties will, when completed, pro- freeway construction now under way and Public Works 31

Higf~way~ California California

32 32

route SR =State =State sign sign

------

lanefreeway------2.6

2,97U,000 8- for for

structures and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Encino Encino Avenue; Avenue; to to

Boulevard Boulevard Sepulveda Sepulveda - Freeway Ventura Ventura 101) (US (US 2 2

Los Los Angeles______

1.1

______2,350,000 freeway______-lane -lane 8 for for structures structures pave pave and and

grade, Street; Street;

north north Moorpark Moorpark

of of

to to mile mile 0.1 0.1

Boulevard Boulevard Lankershim Lankershim Freeway- Iiollywood Iiollywood 101) (US (US lb9 lb9 Los Los Angeles______

______80,000 routes______

state state highway highway on on way way Rights Rights of of carious ------Lassen------

-- - ______- - - 50,000 Lake------routes______highway highway state state on on of of way way Rights Rights Various

-- -- bridges - ______5~,000 - Creek Creek Overflow, Overflow, Lake------and and Thompson Thompson Creek Creek Thompson Thompson At At 29) (SR (SR 89 89

3.2 _

______

relocation) relocation) (including (including

surface surface

640,000 and and grade grade

Dell; Dell; Laurel Laurel to to Creek Creek Cold Cold of of east east mile mile 0.2 0.2 15 15 20) (SR (SR _ _ _ _ _ Lake, Lake, Mendocino_ Mendocino_

------5,000 ______routes______Kings------state state highway highway on on way way Rights Rights of of Parlous

-- ______---- 4,115,000 Kern------routes______highway highway on on state state way way of of Rights Rights Various

2.1

______.._ 100,000 realignment)__ realignment)__ some some and and (widening (widening surface surface and and

; ;

grade (portions) (portions) Wasco Wasco of of

south south

miles miles

2.8 2.8 -- to to south south

Bern------

miles miles 4.9 4.9 Highway, Highway, Central Central Valley Valley

139

------

5.6 realignment)------455,000

some and and (widening (widening

structure structure and and surface surface

grade, grade, Creek; Creek; Cache Cache to to Big Big Road Road Cameron Cameron (IIS (IIS 58 466)

Bern______

approaches___

and and

cattlepasses cattlepasses 25,000 two two construct construct Ranch, Ranch,

Bear Bear Mountain Mountain Sivert Sivert and and Between Between 466) (IIS (IIS 58

Kern______

1.3

i i -

______45,000

surface______and and grade grade Sand Sand Cut, Cut, Sivertto Sivertto 466) (US (US bH %ern______

(SR (SR 33)

- 1.9

_ _ _ _

______

correction_ correction_ 250,000 drainage drainage for for surface surface and and

grade grade (portions), (portions), 99 99 IIS IIS to to Maricopa Maricopa 57 166) (SR (SR Bem______

approaches___

165,000 and and bridges bridges four four

replace replace Wasco, Wasco, Hills Hills and and Lost Lost Between Between (IIS (IIS 33 466) Bern______

______20,000 routes______

state state highway highway on on way way of of Rights Rights Various

Inyo______

______

548,000 ______

routes highway highway state state on on way way of of Rights Rights Various

Imperial______

___

Brawley Brawley of of east east

miles miles 26,000 3 3 and and Brawley Brawley of of north north miles miles

9 9 bridges bridges redeck redeck River, River, Alamo Alamo At At 187 Imperial______

and and 115)

6.7

______

reconstruction) reconstruction) and and

(widening (widening 590,000 surface surface and and grade grade ; ;

(portions) (portions) Brawley Brawley to to Turn Turn Orita Orita

(SR (SR 111 187

Imperial______

______

625,000

______routes______

highway highway state state on on of of way way Rights Rights

Various

Humboldt______

4.2

______

______coat_ coat_

125,000 seal seal base base and and Bridge; Bridge; River River

Trinity Trinity Fork Fork South South to to Creek Creek Willow Willow 20 299) (US (US

Humboldt______

______

65,000

approaches______

Bridge Bridge and and Turner Turner Draw, Draw,

At At (IIS (IIS

1 101)

Eiumholdt______

------

3.7 ofEureka------715,000

north

expressway expressway of of 8 8 miles miles with with connecting connecting expressway expressway 4 -lane -lane for for contract), contract), under under

now

(structures (structures surface surface and and

grade grade 299; 299; IIS IIS on on Bridge Bridge River River Mad Mad to to interchange interchange new new 299)

from 101, 101,

IIS IIS and and on on Bridge Bridge River River

Mad Mad

of of south south

mile mile

to to

1 1 Avenue Avenue Plaza Plaza of of mile mile north north 0.6 0.6

(US (US

20 101, ]., ].,

Humboldt______

------

------1.4 highway------

300,000 -lane -lane 4 for for

structures

and and surface surface

grade, grade,

Eureka; Eureka; limits limits of of city city

south south to to River River Elk Elk of of mile mile south south U.2 U.2

1 1 101)

(US (US

Humboldt______

- - -

-- --

4.4 expressway------

1,130,000 -lane -lane 4 for for

snd snd structures grade grade

Road; Road;

Hookton Hookton of of north north mile mile

0.7 0.7 to to Fernbridge Fernbridge of of mile mile north north 0.4 0.4

(IIS (IIS 1 1 101)

Humboldt______

______

60,000

______

routes______

highway highway state state on on way way

of of Rights Rights

Various

Glenn______------

------

------access------25,000

control control of of

for

approaches approaches road road

revise revise

River; River;

to to Joaquin Joaquin San San Avenue Avenue

Heradon Heradon of of north north mile mile 0.4 0.4

(SR (SR 41) 125 125

Fresno______

------2.3 highway------600,000

-lane -lane

6 divided for for pave pave

grade grade

and and

Avenue; Avenue;

Shaw Shaw of of north north mile mile 0.3 0.3 to to Avenue Avenue Shields Shields

- 41)

(SR (SR -- - 125 125 -- Fresno------

______

40,000

______highway.______existing existing on on bridges bridges widen widen and and

;grade, ;grade, surface

(portions) (portions)

Clovis Clovis of of limits limits city city south south of of

north north 0.13 0.13 mile mile to to Avenue Avenue Chestnut Chestnut

(~R (~R

76 76 168)

Fresno______

25,000 -- - -

------

--- -

redeck------Bridge, Bridge, Creek Creek -mile -mile

Ten 180) (SR (SR

41 41

Fresno______

0.6

- 1,500,00 - --

------

Streets------Tuolumne Tuolumne and and

on on Stanislaus

structures structures

sepazation sepazation

grade grade

railroad railroad and and pave pave grade, grade, to to Broadway; Broadway; Street Street

B B

(SR (SR -- - 41 41 P80) - - - Fresno------

1.2 1,930,000

______Fresno)______through through freeway freeway (completes (completes

-lane -lane 6

freeway for for

structures structures pave pave and and grade, grade, Street; Street;

Joaquin Joaquin San San to to Street Street Santa Santa Clara Clara

(US (US 4 4 99) Fresno______

175,000 ______

______

routes______highway highway state state on on way way Rights Rights of of

Various E1 E1

Dorado______

970,000

3.3

_ _

expressway_ expressway_

-lane -lane 4 for for

structure structure

and and surface surface

grade, grade, Camino; Camino; east east of of to to

Terrace Terrace -mile -mile

Five (US (US 50) Yi Yi E1 E1 Dorado______

65,000

______

routes______

highway highway

state state

on on of of

way way

Rights Rights

Various

Del Del

Norte__ Norte__

------

------640,000 - 1.1 expressway------

lane lane

for for

4- structure structure

surface surface and and

grade, grade,

Creek; Creek;

Wilson Wilson

of of 1 1 north north to to mile mile

Ranch Ranch Martin's Martin's De De

101) (US (US 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ Dei Dei Norte_ Norte_

80,00

0.1

______

approaches______and and

bridge bridge Creek, Creek, Panther Panther At At

(US (US 1 1 101) Norte_ Del Del

2,225,000

______

routes______highway highway

state state on on of of way way Rights Rights

Various

Contra Contra Cost¢_

6,800,000

4.9

project) project) _ _ _ _

Bridge Bridge Toll Toll

Carquinez Carquinez

of of beginning beginning to to (connects (connects freeway freeway -lane -lane 6 for for structures structures (IIS (IIS 40)

pave, pave, and

grade, grade,

Hercules; Hercules;

of of limits limits city city

north north

worth worth to to of of R. R. (Co. (Co. 24) 24)

Dr. Dr. Hilltop Hilltop

of of

South South 14, 14, 106 Contra Contra Costa______

6,OOm

______

i i 1 1

______

routes______

state state highway highway on on way way of of

Rights Rights Various

Calaveras..______

235,~DOt3

1.7

______location_ location_

new new surface surface on on

and and

grade grade Springs; Springs; Valley Valley

of of east east miles miles 1.8 1.8 to to east east mile mile 0.1 0.1

12)

(5R (5R 24 24

Calaveras______

52,000

----

---

- -- --

------

routes------highway highway state state on on

of of way way Rights Rights

Various ------

Butte------

680,O~g

4.~3

-lane -lane 4 expressway__ expressway__ ultimate ultimate of of

lanes lanes initial initial two two

surface, surface,

and and grade grade Springs; Springs; to to Hog Hog Chico Chico

(~R (~R 47 47 32) Butte______

205,006k

______

approaches______and and

bridge bridge Canal; Canal;

Cherokee Cherokee At At 45 ------Butte------

4,991,Op{~

______

______routes______

highway highway nn nn

state state

way way of of Rights Rights

Verious

Alameda______

300,Op~

_ _ _

______Alameda_ Alameda_

of of County County and and Oakland Oakland of of City City with with project project freeway freeway cooperative cooperative continuing continuing

and and

surface ;grade ;grade

(portions) (portions) 24 24 b0 b0 SR SR and and US US between. between.

Oakland, Oakland, in in

Boulevard Boulevard Mountain Mountain

227

Alameda______

2,650,6p~s

~ 0. 0.

______

_ _ _ _

Market Market

Street) Street) and and Structure Structure Distribution Distribution between between viaduct viaduct freeway freeway 17) (3R (3R

(completes structure structure

17th 17th to to Street; Street; Street Street

Magnolia Magnolia Oakland- in in

Freeway Freeway Eastshore Eastshore 69

Alameda______

5,785,00

9.0 _ _

______Jose) Jose)

San San and and

Oakland Oakland between between Freeway Freeway Eastshore Eastshore of of miles miles 38 38 (completes (completes freeway freeway 17~ (9R (9R

-lane 4 far far

structures structures

pave, pave,

and and

grade, grade,

Road; Road; to to Beard Beard

Springs Springs

-Warm -Warm Freeway

Eastshore Eastshore 69

Alameda______

------

$~00,00(p 1.3 dividedhighwaY------

-~ane 6 pave pave

for for

grade grade and and

Road; Road; to to Mattoa Mattoa Hayward Hayward of of

limit limit city city -North -North Boulevard Foothill Foothill 5 Alameda______

mileege mileege

cost

mate mate

Description Description

Estimated Route Route County County

APProai- d

_ _ _ _

- -

______

B~ Hi~hay Hi~hay State State in in Projects Projects Construction Construction et For 195 ►- Fiscal Year /ire Approved Estimated County Description cost

Los Angeles______2 (IIS 101) Ventura Freeway-gelvin Avenue to Calabasas; grade, pave and structures for 6 and 8- lane freeway------3.8 $3,300,000 Los Angeles_ 4, 161 (US 99) Golden State Freeway-Glendale Boulevard to 0.5 mile north of Los Feliz Boulevard; (US 6) grade, pave and structures for S-lane freeway______1.4 1,690,000 Los Angeles______4, 161(US 99) Golden State Freeway-0.5 mile north of Los Feliz Boulevard to 0.9 mile south of Los (U5 6) Angeles River Bridge near Victory Boulevard and connection to San Fernando Road near Colorado Boulevard; grade, pave and structures for 8-lane freeway______1.3 3,200,000 Los Angeles ______4(US 99) North of Los Angeles city limit to Kern county line (portions); surface ______._ _ 440,000 Los Angeles______9(U566) Huntington Drive and Foothill Boulevard-Monrovia to Azusa IInderpass (portions); channelization and signals______150,000 Los Angeles ______26 (US 70, 99) San Bernardino Freeway in West Covina and Baldwin Park, Bananca Avenue and Bess- (IIS 60) Frazier Avenue Interchange; structures and approaches______560,000 Los Angeles______158 (SR 7) San Diego Freeway-McI~elen Avenue to Florence Avenue (Redondo Boulevard); borrow site------1,50m,0fl0 Los Angeles______lb8 (SR 7) San Diego Freeway-0.2 mile south of Valley Vista Boulevard to 0.8 mile north of Burbank Boulevard; grade, pave and structures for 8-lane freeway ______1.8 4,565,000 Los Angeles______162 (SR 2) Glendale Freeway-Los Angeles River to Eagle Rock Boulevard; grade, pave and structures for 6-lane freeway (includes Taylor Yard railroad overhead) ______1.6 3,270,000 Los Angeles ______166,2 (US 101) Santa Ana Freeway-DZarianna Street to Camulos Street; grade and pave (widen freeway 2.3 500,000 to Blanes)°------Los Angeles ______167 (SR 15) Long Beach Freeway-0.3 mile south of Imperial Highway to Florence Avenue; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway______2.8 4,815,000 Los Angeles 173 (SR 26) Olympic Freeway-Santa Ana Freeway to Harbor Freeway (portions) structures for future 8-lane freeway------1,000,000 Los Angeles______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______42,415,000 Madera______4 (US 99) Califa to Merced county line; grade and pave for 4-lane freeway______7.0 2,900,000 Madera______126 (SR 41) San Joaquin River to 1.5 miles north; revise road approaches for control of access______20,000 Madera______Parious Rzghts of way on state highway routes______10,000 Marin______4 (IIS 101) Alto Intersection to 0.6 mile north of Greenbrae Intersection (portion); grade, pave and structures for 6-lane freeway (including Corte Madera interchange) ______3.5 2,700,000 Marin______1 (IIS 101) At Forbes Station; grade, pave and structure (widen and reconstruct overhead)______430,000 Marin------8 (SR 37) At Novato Creek, reconstruct bridge______10,000 Mario------69 Tiburon Street to near San Quentin Wye, grade, surface and structures for 4-lane free- 2.1 900,000 way------Mario______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______288,000 Mariposa______18 (SR 140) 4.0 miles west of Mariposa to Mariposa; grade and surface (widening and some realign- 4.~ 325,000 ment)------Mendocino______1 (IIS 101) 0.6 mile south of Ridgewood Summit to 0.5 mile north of Northwestern Pacific Railroad Crossing; grade, surface and structure (extension of new b-mile expressway) ______2.0 610,000 Mendocino______1 (US 101) 0.6 mile north of Hilvilla to 1 mile south of Irvine Lodge; structures for future 4-lane 825,000 expressway------Mendocino______1 (IIS 101) 0.4 mile south to 1 mile north of Tan Oak Park; drainage tunnel (for channel change) ______45,000 Mendocino, Lake _ _ _ _ 16 (SR 20) 0.2 mile east of Cold Creek to Laurel Dell; grade and surface (including relocation)_____ 3.2 640,000 Mendocino ______48 (SR 128) Coon to Ornbaun Creek; grade and surface (on new location)______0.8 155,000 Mendocino______56 (3R ij At Brush Creek, bridge and approaches______0.3 157,000 Mendocino _ _ various Rights of way on state highway routes______255,000 Merced______4 (IIS 99) At Atwater, Canal Creek to Grove Avenue; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway_ 4.5 2,500,000 Merced______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______340,000 Modoc______28 (US 299) 8 miles east of Adin to Pit River; base and surface______9.2 295,000 Mono______40 Pole Line Road, US 395 to Nevada state line (portions); grade______21.7 YB5,000 Mono______96 Sweetwater Road, Walker Reservoir to Nevada state line (portions);reconstruction_ _ _ _ _ 8.5 180,000 Mono______Parious Rights of way on state highway routes______10,000 Monterey______2(US 101) Two miles south of San Ardo to Salinas River (portions); replace two bridges______285,000 Monterey______56 (SR 1) At Limeluln Creek, bridge and approaches______0.2 360,000 Monterey______._ Various Rights of way on state highway routes______395,000 Napa______49 (SR 29) 4.0 miles north of St. Helena to Calistoga; grade and surface for initial two lanes of (SR 128) ultimate 4-lane expressway______3.7 545,000 Napa______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______250,000 Nevada______15 (SR 20) 0.4 mile west of Casey's Corner to Rough and Ready (portions); grade and surface (reconstruction and widening)______2.1 90,000 Nevada, Sierra______3S (IIS 4U) Near Floriston to Nevada state line; grade and surface for 4-lane expressway______5.4 2,600,000 Nevada______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______235,000 Orange______2 (US 101) San Diego and Santa Ana Freeway-El Toro Road to Laguna Road; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway______4.6 1,865,000 Orange______y2 (US 101) Santa Ana Freeway-0.3 mile south of Laguna Road to 0.3 mile north of Browning Avenue; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway______5.7 3,280,000 Orange______175 (SR 14) Route 175 Freeway-Route 174 to 0.2 mile east of Route 2; borrow site ______300,000 Orange------185 Laguna Road, mile 7.0 to IIS 101; grade, pave and structures, widening and some re- 1.9 300,000 alignment------Orange______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______3,150,000 SR~State sign route

and Public Works 33

Highways California California

34 34

route sign sign 8R =8tate =8tate

2,675,000

9.0

______

expressway -lane -lane

for for

pave pave and and grade grade Orella; Orella;

to to

Elwood Elwood

101) (IIS (IIS 2 2

Santa Santa Barbara______

1,350,000

______

routes______highway highway state state

on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights

Various

Mateo______1,506,000

San San

1.8

___

freeway) freeway)

-lane -lane 6 of of

(extension (extension

structures structures

and and

su.-face su.-face

grade, grade,

line; line;

county county

Bypass)

1.8

Ciara

Santa Santa

of of

south south

mile mile

to to 0.1 0.1 Road Road

Willow Willow

of of south south

mile mile

-0.3 -0.3

Freeway Bayshore Bayshore 101 (US (US 68 68 ------Clara----

Santa Mateo, Mateo,

San San 1,700,000

2.0

______

freeway) -lane -lane 6 of of

(extension (extension

structures structures and and

surface surface

Bypass)

grade,

Rd.; Rd.;

of of

Willow Willow north north

mile mile

0.2 0.2 to to

Rd. Rd.

Marsh Marsh of of

north north

mile mile -0.4 -0.4 Freeway

Bayshore Bayshore

101 (US (US 68 68

Mateo______San San 4,000,000

3.8

______

freeway)______-lane -lane 6

of of

(extension (extension

structures structures

pass)

and

surface surface

grade, grade,

Road; Road;

Bransten Bransten

to to

Road Road Marsh Marsh

of of

north north

mile mile -0.6 -0.6

Freeway

Bayshore Bayshore

By- 101 101 68 68 (IIS (IIS

San San 1,435,000

Mateo______

4.1

______

Cove)______

Candlestick Candlestick across across

freeway freeway -lane -lane 8

pass)

cisco

(completes

pave pave

Avenue; Avenue;

Salinas Salinas

to to

Road Road

Butler Butler

of of

north north

mile mile

-0.3 -0.3

Freeway

Bayshore Bayshore By-

101 101

68 68 (US (US

Fran-

-San -San

Mateo 285,000 San San

3.8

______

project) project) No. No. 9 9

District District

Highway Highway

Joiat Joiat share, share,

(State's (State's

alignment alignment

re- some some

including including

surface surface

and and

grade grade

Lucerne; Lucerne;

Lake Lake

to to Point Point Pigeon Pigeon

of of

south south

mile mile

1.0 1.0 1) (SR (SR 56 56

400,000 San San

Mateo______

______

routes______

highway highway

state state on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights Various ______

90,000

Obispo Obispo Luis Luis

San San 0.3

______

approaches_____ and and

bridge bridge

Creek, Creek,

Grande Grande

Arroyo Arroyo At At 1) (6R (6R

56 56 _

______Obispo Obispo

Luis Luis 290,000

San San 0.7

______

approaches__

and and

structure structure

new new

Underpass, Underpass,

Flaco Flaco

Oso' Oso'

(SR (SR 56 56

_ _ _ _ _

Obispo Obispo

3,150,000 Luis Luis San San

6.8

41)______

SR SR

on on

relocation relocation of of

miles miles

2.7 2.7

and and IIS IIS 101 101

on on

freeway freeway

-lane 4

of of

miles miles (4.1 (4.1

structures structures

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Creek; Creek;

Huero Huero

Auer Auer to to 101 101

US US from from

41) (SR (SR

Route Route

on on Sign Sign

and and north north

mile mile 0.8 0.8

to to

Robles Robles

Paso Paso

of of south south

mile mile 0.3 0.3

from from

US US 101 101

On On

101)

(IIS (IIS

33 33 2, 2, _ _ _ _ _

Obispo Obispo

Luis Luis 1,720,000

San San

7.0

______

expressway_ expressway_

-lane -lane

for for

structure structure

and and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Turn; Turn;

Russell Russell to to

Grade Grade

Hourihan Hourihan

101) (IIS (IIS 2 2 ______

360,000 Obispo Obispo

Luis Luis San San

______

routes______highway highway state state

on on way way

of of

Rights Rights Various

1,800,000 Joaquin______San San

6.1

______

freeway______-lane -lane

for for 4

structures structures

and and

pave pave grade, grade,

120) (SR (SR

Connection,

120 120

Route Route

Sign Sign

and and

Camp) Camp)

French French

of of

(south (south

Avenue Avenue

to to Richards Richards

Mossdale Mossdale 50) (US (US 66 66 5, 5, 2,350,000

San San Joaquin______4.8

______

freeway______

-lane -lane 4

for for

structures structures

50)

(US (US

and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Road; Road;

Jahant Jahant of of

north north

mile mile 0.5 0.5

to to

River River

Mokelumne Mokelumne

of of

south south

mile mile 0.6 0.6

99) (US (US

4 4

1,190,000

San San

Joaquin______2.9

freeway______

4 -lane -lane for for

structure structure

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Road; Road;

Mariposa Mariposa to to

Road Road

Kinglsey Kinglsey 99) (US (US 4 4

2,270,000

Joaquin______San San ______

______

routes______

highway highway

state state on on

way way

of of Rights Rights --

---- Various -- --- ______5,300,000 Francisco Francisco San San ------1.2

freeway------

-lane -lane 8

for

structures structures

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Broadway; Broadway; to to

Street Street

Fremont Fremont

Freeway

Embarcadero Embarcadero 224

~. ______1,435,000

San San Francisco Francisco 4.1

______

Cove)______

Candlestick Candlestick

across across

freeway freeway

-lane -lane 8

Bypass)

Mateo

(completes

pave pave

Avenue; Avenue;

Salinas Salinas to to

Road Road Butler Butler

of of

north north

mile mile

-0.3 -0.3

Freeway

Bayshore Bayshore 101 (US (US

68 68

3,900,000 San

Francisco, Francisco,

San San 1.3

freeway___

-lane -lane 8

for for

structures structures

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

connection; connection;

1 1

Rt. Rt.

Sign Sign to to

State State St. St.

Lyon Lyon 101) (IIS (IIS ~ ~ i

______3,066x000

San San Francisco Francisco

______

routes______

highway highway

state state

on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights - -- -- Various -

------

-- -- - 2,295,000 -- - Diego______San San 2.4

------freeway------

-lane

6 for for

structures structures

and and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Avenue; Avenue;

Euclid Euclid

of of east east

mile mile 0.6 0.6

to to

Freeway Freeway

Wabash Wabash 94) (SR (SR 200 200 2,720,000

San San Diego______1.9

______

freeway______

-lane -lane

for for 4

structures structures

and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Cajon; Cajon;

El El

in in

Avenue Avenue

Chase Chase

to to

Boulevard Boulevard

Mesa Mesa La La

of of west west

mile mile

0.4 0.4

- -- - 80)

(IIS (IIS 12 12 605,000 ------1.5 San San ------Diego______------

IanefreewaY------

for

structure structure

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Street; Street;

70th 70th

of of

east east

mile mile 0.6 0.6 to to

Street Street 70th 70th of of

west west

sod

mile mile bus bus 0.9 0.9 is is 2,477,000

fan fan ______

Diego______

______

routes______

highway highway

state state

on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights

Various

1,200,000

San San

8.5 Bernardino______

------

expressway)------lane -lane

lanes lanes

(initial2 (initial2

structures structures

and and

surface surface

grade, grade,

River; River;

Colorado Colorado

of of west west miles miles

3 3 Yo Yo

Needles Needles 66) (US (US 58 58 200,000

fan fan 7.3

Bernardino______

______

realignment)______

some some

and and (widening (widening

surface

and and

grade grade

91; 91;

US US

of of

junction junction

north north

to to

Crossing Crossing

R.R. R.R.

Hinkley Hinkley of of

east east

mile mile 0.2 0.2

- 466) ---- - (US (US 450,000 59 59 ------San San 1.6 Bernardino______

alignment)------

30)

(SR (SR

re- some some

and and

(widening (widening

surface surface

and and

grade grade ; ;

(portionsl (portionsl

Dam Dam

Bear Bear to to Big Big Point Point

Lakeview Lakeview 18) (SR (SR 48 48 San San Bernardino______

18) (SR (SR

91)

(IIS (IIS

1,700,000

1.2

_ _ _ _

______

_ _ _ _

______

freeway_ freeway_

-lane -lane

for for

structures structures

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Street; Street; Fifth Fifth to to

Street Street Mill Mill 395) (US (US 43 43 San San Bernardino______

91) (US (US

1,500,000

1.2

_ _

_ _ _ _ _

freeway) freeway)

-lane -lane 4 (for (for

approaches approaches

and and

bridges bridges

River, River,

Mojave Mojave

and and

Overhead Overhead

Victorville Victorville 66)

(US (US 160,000 31 31 ______

San San

Bernardino Bernardino

______

routes______

highway highway state state

on on

way way of of

Rights Rights Various 1,005,000

______

San San

Benito______I

______

routes______

highway highway

state state

on on

way way of of

Rights Rights

Various

700,000

_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _

_ _

______

2.0

Sacramento Sacramento

______

_ _

______

_ _

______

Underpass) Underpass)

Brighton Brighton

additional additional

and and

lanes lanes 4 4 to to

(widening (widening

16) (SR (SR

structures

and and pave pave

grade, grade,

Perkins; Perkins;

to to

Sacramento Sacramento

in in

Street Street

-66th -66th

Boulevard

Folsom Folsom

b0)

(IIS (IIS 650,000 11 11

2.5

Sacramento_____.___

______

highway_

divided divided

-lane -lane

for for

4 pave pave

and and grade grade

(West); (West);

Road

Sutterville Sutterville

of of

north north

mile mile

to to 0.1 0.1

Road Road Florin Florin

of of

north north

mile mile

-0.4 -0.4

Boulevard

Freeport Freeport

24)

(SR (SR 2,250,000 li li

b.9

Sacramento______----

----

------

Sacramento)------South South

and

Lodi Lodi

between between

freeway freeway

of of

budgeting budgeting

(completes (completes

freeway freeway

-lane -lane 4

for for

structures structures

50)

(IIS (IIS

and pave pave

grade, grade,

Road; Road;

Grove Grove

Elk Elk

of of

south south

mile mile 0.2 0.2

to to

River River

Cosumnes Cosumnes of of

south south

miles miles 1.8 1.8

99) 2,095,000 (IIS (IIS

4 4

______

Sacramento______

______

routes______

highway highway state state on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights 220,000 Various

0.3

Riverside______-

______

approaches______

and and

bridge bridge

Wash, Wash,

Canyon Canyon Palm Palm -- -

- At At

- - 111) 180,000 (SR (SR 187 187 -- - - 2.5 ------Riverside______

alignment------

re-

some some and and

widening widening

surface, surface,

and and base base

; ;

(portions) (portions)

-70 -70

US US

to to Line Line --

--- - County County

------

-- Imperial Imperial 146 595,000 ------___------

Riverside______

Arizona)------

with with

project

(cooperative (cooperative

bridge bridge

of of new new

share share

California California

River; River;

Colorado Colorado of of

Crossing Crossing Blythe Blythe

At At 70) 60, 60, (U5 (U5 64 64 -_- -- Riverside______

18) 1,800,000 (SR (SR

2.1

freeway______

-lane -lane for for 4

structures structures

and and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Street; Street;

14th 14th

to to Avenue Avenue Arlington Arlington

91) (US (US 43 43 Riverside______

200,000 60) (IIS (IIS

0.3

______

approaches

and and

structure structure

Garnet; Garnet;

at at

Interchange Interchange

Avenue Avenue Indian Indian

99) 40,000 70, 70, (U5 (U5 26 26

______

Riverside______

______

routes______

highway highway state state on on

way way

of of Rights Rights

224,000 Various

______

Plumas______

______

routes______

highway highway

state state

on on

way way

of of

Rights Rights

Various

3,900,000

__ 6.5

_ _ _

Placer______

egpress~ay_

-lane -lane

4 for for

structure> structure>

and and

surface surface

grade, grade,

Run; Run;

Gold Gold

of of west west

miles miles 3 3

to to

Colfax Colfax

40) 3,250,000

(US (US 37 37 -- -

6.1 ---

Placer------

expressway______

-lane -lane

for for

structures structures

and and

surface surface

grade, grade,

Colfaa; Colfaa; to to

Glen Glen -- --

Heather Heather ------40) --- $1,300,000 (US (US ------37 37 --- 3.1 ------Placer------

freeway------

-lane 4

for for

structures structures

and and

pave pave

grade, grade,

Auburn; Auburn; is is

Avenue Avenue

Elm Elm

to to

Newcastle Newcastle

of of east east

mile mile 1 1 40) (US (US 37 37 17, 17, -~ -~ -- -______Placer__ Placer__

ms'leage

cost

mate mate

Estimated °" °" `'`" Description Description

Route Route County County Approxi- Estimated County Route Description mate cost mileage

Santa Barbara______80 (SR 150) San Marcos Pass Road-2.5 miles to 3.0 miles north. of US 101; grade and surface (widening with some realignment)______O.b $130,000 ______1,400,000 Santa Barbara______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______Santa Clara_ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ 5 (SR 17) In Los Gatos, connection from Route 5 Freeway to San Jose-Los Gatos Road; grade, surface and structures (cooperative project with Town of Los Gatos)______0.4 240,000 SaIIta Clara, San Mateo ______. 68 (US 101 Bayshore Freeway-0.3 mile south of Willow Road to 0.1 mile south of Santa Clara Bypass) county line; grade, surface and structures (eateasion of 6-lane freeway) ______1.8 1,500,000 Santa Clara______113 (SR 9) 0.2 mile east of Laurence Station Road to 0.2 mile east of San Jose-Alviso Road; grade surface for initial two lanes of ultimate freeway______2.1 610,000 _ _ 320,000 Santa Clara_ _ _ 114 (SR 9) 0.4 mile south of McClellan Road to El Camino Real; grade and surface (widening) _ _ _ _ 3.9 Santa Clara______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______2,410,000 Santa Cruz______116 (SR 9) Sidehill Viaduct (portions); structure______150,000 300,000 Santa Cruz______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______Shasta______20 (US 299) In Redding, 0.7 mile east of west city limits to Southern Pacific Overhead; grade and surface for 4 lanes------1.6 220,000 Shasta______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______250,000 Sierra, Nevada______38 (US 40) Near Floriston to Nevada state line; grade and surface for 4-lane expressway______5.4 2,600,000 Siena______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______36,000 Siskiyou______3 (IIS 99) 4.5 miles south of Yreka to Oberlin Road; grade and surface initial 2 lanes for ultimate 4.5 675,000 4-lane expressway------Siskiyou______46 (SR 96) At Swillup Creek; bridge and approaches______0.1 55,000 Siskiyou______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______616,000 Solano______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______380,000 Sonoma______1 (IIS 101) 0.6 mile south of Wilfred Crossing to Santa Rosa; grade, pave and structures, extension of 4-lane freeway (13 miles now under construction)______5.0 2,900,000 Sonoma______1 (IIS 101) At Mark West Creek; bridge and approaches______125,000 Sonoma_..______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______b40,000 Stanislaus______13 (SR 120) 2.1 miles east of Oakdale to 1.6 miles east of Orange Blossom Road; grade and surface (widening and some relocation)______S.8 400,000 Stanislaus______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______2,000,000 Sutter______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______300,000 Tehama______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______30,000 Trinity______20 (US 299) Weaverville to 1.8 miles east; grade and surface, widening, some realignment______1.8 230,000 Trinity______SO (US 299) 3.2 miles west to 0.2 mile east of Burnt Ranch Post Office (portions);base and surface _ _ _ 2.5 60,000 Trinity______.______Rights of way on state highway routes______20,000 Tulare _ _ 4 (US 99) Visalia Airport Interchange to 1 mile north of Goshen; grade, pave and structures for 4- 2.8 870,000 lanefreeway------Tulare _ _ _ _ 4 (US 99) 0.5 mile south of Traver to Kings River; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway (this project with the one above completes virtually continuous multilane divided highway from San Fernando to Fresno)______4.7 1,285,000 Tulare _ _ 4(US 99) Sings River to Clark Avenue; replace old Kings River Bridge______1.0 250,000 Tulare ______136 Central Valley Highway-Sunrise City to 0.5 mile north of Deer Creek; grade and surface (widening and drainage correction)______2.7 230,000 Tulare______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______110,000 Tuolumne_ _ _ 40 (SR 120) South Fork Tuolumne River Bridge (Berkeley Camp); redeck bridge______15,000 Tuolumne______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______20,000 Ventura______2(US 101) Ventura Freeway-Santa Clara Avenue-Rice Road Interchange; structure and approaches______20b,000 Ventura______9 (SR 118) At Santa Clara River near Saticoy, bridge and approaches______0.3 670,000 40,000 Ventura_ _ _ _ 9 (SR 118) 0.5 mile north of Santa Clara Avenue, southeast of Saticoy, drainage correction______0.2 Ventura______60 (US 101A) 0.3 mile south of Caileguas Creek to 0.1 mile southeast of Date Street in Oxnard; grade, pave and structures for 4-lane freeway______7.4 2,055,000 Ventura______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______1,350,000 Yolo______Various Rights of way on state highway routes______260,000 Yuba______3 (IIS 99E) Olivehurst to Marysville; grade and surface for 4-lane expressway (structures now under 4.0 1,200,000 contract)------

SR=State sign route

will be extended from San Pablo to Construction of urban freeways will Kern County-East-west freeway in the beginning of the Carquinez Toll be begun or continwed in the Cities of Bakersfield $2,825,000. Bridge Project at Hercules; while on San Francisco, San Diego, San Ber- Los Angeles County - Olympic the same route in Placer County, the nardino, Riverside and Fresno. Freeway, $11,000,000; Golden State four-lane expressway through the Si- $13,000,000; Ventura Free- For Right of Way Freeway, erra Nevada foothill will be extended way, $6,000,000; San Diego Freeway, three miles westerly from Auburn and Among the budget allocations for $2, 740,000. 12.6 miles easterly to Magra, about acquisition of rights of way on major Sacraanento County-South Sacra- 6' miles east of Colfax. Another 5.4 freeway routes are: /z mento Freeway, $80,000 (total now miles of four-lane expressway will be Alameda County-US 50 freeway in expended and budgeted $x',250,000). built on US 40 immediately west of Oakland, $3,200,000; Route 226 the Nevada state lime. (Webster Street Tube), $1,000,000. ... Continued on page 51

~rnd Public Works 35

Highways California California 36 36

1955. and and addi- in in that, that, and and competition" competition" tense tense Asso- the the on on reporting reporting Record, Record, - News

1954

1953 1953 for for and and quarters quarters by by through through in- exceedingly exceedingly with with construction construction of of Engineering the the that that noted noted is is It It

1940 years years from from by by Cost Cost Index Index volume breaking breaking anew anew record record ward ward costs.

Construction Highway Highway the the California California to- surge surge steady steady a a would would be be "there "there materials and and labor labor rising rising of of effects effects

shows

The The tabulation tabulation accompanying accompanying future near near the the in in that that stated stated issue, issue, 6 6 the reflect reflect must must prices prices bid bid that that and and

Febraary. before before rials rials prices prices October its its in in Minneapolis Minneapolis in in meering meering profits trimming trimming prices prices and and cutting cutting

mate- higher higher of of prospect prospect the the is is tion, tion, executive Contractors Contractors General General ciated ciated devices devices for in in limit limit reached reached the the have have

bidders competing competing that that felt felt still still is is It It

Index. the the on on

JUNE30~ TO TO 1 1

~.IULY ~.IULY

decrease a a in in result result to to

sufficient sufficient was was

YEARS FISCAL FISCAL

jobs freeway freeway large large the the in in quantities quantities

the of of weight weight the the however, however, cent, cent,

4 4 3 3 or or by by per- estimates estimates revised revised cently cently

the the re- the the exceeded exceeded bids bids instances instances

many In In up. up. definitely definitely were were jobs jobs these these

on prices prices bid bid Unit Unit different different picture. picture.

a presented presented jobs jobs the the smaller smaller ysis ysis of of

Anal- prices. prices. unit unit favorable favorable in in sulting sulting

re- distribution, distribution, and and of of sources sources supply supply

to close close in in areas, areas, urban urban located located all all

were freeway freeway projects projects These These steel. steel.

structural and and steel steel reinforcing reinforcing bar bar

concrete, quantities quantities of of large large unusually unusually

involving freeway freeway projects projects

large large very very a

dozen half half some some of of result result temporary temporary

, W W is is the third third the the quarter quarter during during percent percent

1.8

of of Index Index drop drop the the in in slight slight the the that that

felt is is it it as as still still opinion, opinion, our our This This is is W

costs. highway highway construction construction in in trend trend

upward an an of of 1955 1955 the the was was beginning beginning

of quarter quarter the the second second during during upsurge upsurge

percent that that the the this this 12 12 department department

of opinion opinion the the July July was was in in it it Index Index

Cost. fornia fornia Construction Construction Highway Highway

the the Cali- on on As As in in release release stated stated our our

September.

and August August July, July, during during stationary stationary

practically costs costs were were construction construction

highway the the -all -all indicate indicate that that over

this this would present present the the at at the the Index Index

height height of the the Considering Considering quarter. quarter.

second 212.4 212.4 the the the the for for than than lower lower ioo ~ ~ isao isao

percent 1.8 1.8 is is -100) -100) which which (1940

COSTS

CONSTRUCTIO~i CONSTRUCTIO~i

208.6 at at the the stood stood Index Index quarter quarter

the the third bids bids received received during during basis basis of of

the On On of of year. year. the the the the third third quarter quarter

into 1955 1955 continue continue not not of of did did quarter quarter

the the second during during Cost Cost Index Index tion tion

HIGHWAYS OF OF DIVISION DIVISION

Construc- in in California California Highway Highway the the WORKS PUBLIC PUBLIC OF OF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

TxE TxE CALIFORNIA STATE STATE OF OF which which occurred rise rise percent percent 12.2 12.2

Engineer Office Office Assistant Assistant JOHN JOHN GALLAGHER, GALLAGHER, D. D.

and Engineer; Engineer; Office Office McCAR~Y, McCAR~Y, C. C. H. H.

Highway Highway Engineer; State State WILSON, WILSON, Assistant Assistant H. H. RICHARD RICHARD By By

1955 of of Third Third Quarter Quarter J J

O(~ O(~ During Almost Almost Stationary Stationary ;~ ;~ ~ ~ ~ ~ THE CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION there was no firm comparison for the As previously stated, the six large COST INDE7C freeway projects which involved un- cos+ unit price of this item in the third large quantities of concrete Year Index quarter of 1955. usually city areas close 1940 100.0 The average bid price during and steel, located in 1941 125.0 the quarter for roadway excavation to sources of supply and at favorable were responsible for the de- 1942 ------157.5 dropped only 2 percent, from 42 cents prices 1943 156.4 to 41 cents per cubic yard. Untreated creases in the average bid pricey of 1944 ------•------177.8 rock base showed the greatest rise, up these four items. 1945 179.5 17 percent from an average price of The accompanying chart, showing 179.7 1946 $1.99 in the second quarter to $2.3 3 the California Highway Construction 1947 203.3 ------ton in the third quarter; this is Cost Index, the Engineering News- 1948 216.6 per ------almost the same increase for this item Record Construction Cost Index and 1949 ------190.7 ------as was made during the second quarter the United States Bureau of Public 1950 ------176.7 (lst Quarter 7050-760.6) of 1955 when it rose 18 percent. Part Roads Composite Mile Index compares 1951 ------210.8. of the increase in untreated rock base the three, all reduced to the 1940=100 (4th Quarter 1951-245.4) prices may be the result of recent base. 1952 _____ 224.5 labor difficulties in the sand, rock and The Enganeering Nezvs-Recoycl In- 1953 216.2 ------industry in Southern California. which comprises all types of con- 1954 (1st Quarter) 199.4 gravel dex 1954 (2d Quarter) 189.0 Plant-mixed surfacing prices rose 1 struction is nation-wide in scope. For 1954 (3d Quarter) 207.8 percent during the third quarter from the third quarter of 1955 this index 1954 (4th Quarter) 192.2 $5.39 to $5.43 per ton. was up 2.3 percent from the second 1955 (1st Quarter) 189.3 The average unit prices for the quarter of 1955. 1955 (2d Quarter) 212.4 other four items all declined: Portland The U. S. Bureau of Public Roads 1955 (3d Quarter) 208.6 cement concrete pavement down 7 Composite Mile Index was down 1.6 Inspection of the average unit prices percent, from $14.46 to $13.46 per percent in the second quarter of 1955 bid during the third quarter of 1955 cubic yard; structure concrete down from the first quarter. Figures on this for the eight items upon which the 3 percent from $51.36 to $49.64 per index are not as yet available for the California Index is based (see accom- cubic yard; bar reinforcing steel third quarter of 1955. panying tabulation) shows a decline dropped 5 percent from $0.098 to The California Highway Construc- in bid prices for five items and an in- $0.093 per pound; and structural steel tion Cost Index is by its very nature crease for two. As no bids were re- was down 4 percent from $0.136 per and limitations a sensitive tool and the ceived for asphalt concxete pavement pound in the second quarter to $0.132 changes which it shows from one during the previous three quarters in the third quarter. quarter to another do not of them- s~lves necessarily indicate trends. However, two or three quarters may CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS AVERAGE CONTRACT PRICES definitely establish a trend. In the present instance it is believed that the Bar Roa3- Plant Asphalt PCC PCC Struc- 12 percent jump in the second quarter Way Crusher rein- mia concrete Pave- structural run forcing signaled a brealc in the more or less excava- surfac- pave- tares, steel, base, went, steel, status of the index and the lion, Pet ing, went, per Qer per stationary per Per per ton cu. yd. cu. yd. per lb. 1.8 percent drop during the third ton ton Ib. cu. yd. quarter may prove to be only a point of hesitancy in a rising trend. 1940______$0.22 $1.54 $2.19 $2.97 $7.68 $18°33 $0.040 $0.083 1941______0.26 2.31 2.84 3.18 7.54 23.31 0.053 0.107 1942______0.36 2.81 4.02 4.16 9.62 29.48 0.073 0.103 ABREAST OF HIGHWAYS 1943_ 0.42 2.26 3.71 4.76 11.48 31.76 0.059 0.080 1944______0.50 2.45 4.10 4.50 10.46 31.99 0.054 0.132 DEnx Mx. AnnMS: California High- 1945______0.51 2.42 4.20 4.88 10.90 37.20 0.059 0.102 Ways and Public Works is so infor- 1946______0.41 2.45 4.00 4.68 9.48 37.38 0.060 0.099 mative and pictorial that it keeps me 1947______0.46 2.42 4.32 5.38 18.38 45.44 O.U80 0.138 1948 O.b5 2.43 4.30 5.38 13.04 49.56 0.092 0.126 abreast of the rapid progress and 1949______0.49 2.67 4.67 4.64 12.28 48.67 O.U96 0.117 growth being made to our highway 1950 0.40 2.25 4.26 3.75 11.11 43.45 0.079 0.094 encountered 1951______0.49 2.62 4.34 5.00 12.21 47.22 0.102 0.159 system, and the problems 1952______0.56 2.99 5.00 4.38 13.42 48.08 0.098 0.150 therein. 1953______0.51 2.14* 5.31 4.55 12.74 50.59 0.093 0.133 and your staff accept my con- 1st Quarter 1954______~ 0.46 2.28 4.23 4.78 14.89 47.52 0.092 0.126 You 2d Quarter 1954______0.38 2.09 4.29 5.18 14.28 47.12 0.093 0.114 gratulations. 3d Quarter 1954______0.43 1.85 4.68 7.00 12.63 49.59 0.09b 0.162 Yours truly, 4th Quarter 1954______0.35 1.78 4.83 ______13.13 46.08 0.094 0.135 1st Quarter 1955______0.39 1.69 4.55 ______13.44 40.66 O.U96 Q.140 GILBF.RT S. BARI~~R 2d Quarter 1965______0.42 1.99 5.39 ______14.46 51.36 0.098 0.136 Inspector, Department of 3d Quarter 1955______0.41 2.33 5.43 5.70 13.46 49.64 0.093 0.132 Water and Power of Los Angeles * Unheated rock base substituted for crusher run base at this point. City

and Public Works 37

Highways California California 38 38

an an accident. and and avoid avoid alert alert will motorists motorists financing, financing, rate rate of of the the on on erty.

cars, cars, be parked parked near near driving driving When When depending future, future, In In the the foreseeable foreseeable prop- adjoining adjoining from from access access stricted stricted

of of travel. line line .into .into your your

unre- their their and and signals, signals, their their grade, grade, at at

area.

right curb curb from from the the out out

whip whip drivers drivers

intersections their their with with streets streets surface surface Los Los Angeles the the in in system system

freeway freeway

Irresponsible the the

consequences. consequences.

avoid avoid

the than than delay delay less less with with and and safely safely metropolitan the the on on

construction construction

and and

time time to

have have

you you rarely rarely

hand hand that that at at

more traffic traffic more more carry carry do: do: to to signed signed way of of rights rights for for

$73,000,000 $73,000,000 mately mately

close and and so so so so

suddenly suddenly

can can

happen happen

de- were were they they the the job job do do freeways freeways approxi- contains contains -57 -57 Year Year 1956 Fiscal Fiscal

unexpected

that that

the the find find you'll you'll

them them

that discovered discovered have have people people cause cause the for for Budget Budget State State Highway Highway

The The

near driving driving and and cars cars of of parked parked

lines lines

Be- Why? Why? miles miles away. away. two two as as much much dent dent

risk."

these these long find find

you'll you'll Club, Club,

mobile mobile as routes routes parallel parallel from from traffic traffic draw draw acci- the the fatal fatal -fifth -fifth and and with with one cost, cost,

Auto-

the the National National out out

points points streets, streets,

that that freeways shown shown have have Studies Studies the at at half half time, time, the the half half in in

boulevard boulevard

on on

you you city

drive drive

anywhere anywhere Almost Almost

a a on on parallel as as move move on on freeway freeway a a

one one direction. in in

four four lanes lanes

hour hour for for

cars.

near near parked parked

driving driving of of

danger danger

can traffic traffic much much as as times times

"Three "Three

per vehicles vehicles

5,000 5,000

of of

vicinity vicinity the the in in is is

the is is of of

these these dangers dangers

the the

least least

not not

a a study: recent recent in in traffic traffic flow the the Angeles, Angeles,

hours, hours,

peak peak

certain certain At At

and many many dangers dangers has has

City City

driving driving

of of Los city city former former engineer engineer days. Aldrich, Aldrich, busy busy day day on on a a vehicles vehicles 180,000 180,000

DANGEROUS IS IS

by by Lloyd up up was was summarized summarized to it it As As carries carries structure structure -level -level four the the

CARS

PARKED PARKED

NEAR NEAR DRIVING DRIVING street. west west of eled eled Freeway Freeway city city Hollywood Hollywood The The

trav-

the the

lightly lightly to to freeway freeway

crowded crowded

281,500. at at

day day

a a heavy heavy

on on

fic fic there there

public. the the motoring motoring for for the

prefer prefer

motorists motorists

Yet Yet

gested. gested.

traf-

the the daily daily

placed placed has has

One One

estimate estimate

from from congesrion and and freedom freedom safety safety con- that that appears appears

the the freeway freeway is is

It It

vehicles. million million

a a

of of

quarter quarter

a a over over

greater provide provide will will freeways freeways of of work work show.

photographs photographs the the as as

mere mere

trickle, trickle,

well

period, period,

-hour -hour

a a pass, pass, in in

there there

net- This This integrated integrated section. section. to to a central central arteries arteries parallel parallel

once congested congested

interchange

-level -level four the the

Through Through

the around around or or through through passing passing ways ways

on traffic traffic

reduced reduced times times has has

at at ways ways

the the

world. in in

intersection intersection

traveled traveled

free- of of number number a a of of choice choice their their have have the the

free- of of

lure lure

this this

Paradoxically, Paradoxically,

heavily is is most most the the Freeways Freeways Pasadena Pasadena

and Harbor, Harbor, Ana, Ana, -Santa -Santa Hollywood

freeway the the

parallels parallels which which

Boulevard, Boulevard,

Sunset Sunset

none none famous famous

on on Freeway Freeway and and vertually vertually Hollywood Hollywood

of of the

the the

junction junction

at at

structure structure

change change

}he traffic traffic

on on heavy heavy

showing showing structure, structure,

the the

Interchange Interchange from from -Level -Level Four Hollywood Hollywood toward toward west west Looking Looking

inter- -level -level the the four and and the the world world

artery artery in traffic traffic traveled traveled heavily heavily most most

the is is Freeway Freeway Hollywood Hollywood the the that that

the the claim substantiate substantiate to to cited cited been been

have have often which which statistics statistics impressive impressive

the life life to to bring bring photographs photographs The The

ways.

the the free- and and onto onto boulevards boulevards main main

the from from away away gravitated gravitated has has public public

operating vehicle- the the how how graphically graphically

show They They statement. statement. Wise's Wise's out out

1955, 1955, bear 16, 16, on on September September hour hour rush rush

the the afternoon during during taken taken pages, pages, two two

these on on photographs photographs The The aerial aerial

areas." ban ban

out out subur- to to extends extends and and Angeles Angeles Los Los

downtown crisscrosses crisscrosses that that highways highways

super- of of the the system system of of development development

of stage stage current current of of the the analysis analysis good good

a a relatively is is actually actually jest, jest, in in made made

seemingly often often statement, statement, "This "This

use use them. people people many many that that too too "is "is

that that publication, of of issue issue a a in in recent recent

Record, - News of of Engineering Engineering Editor Editor

Associate L. L. Wise, Wise, wrote wrote L. L. Angeles," Angeles,"

THE THE Los in in freeways freeways with with z'xousr.E z'xousr.E Looking east toward Los Angeles Civic Center, showing heavy peak-hour traffic on the Hollywood-Santa Ana Freeway. The wide street to the right of the freeway is Temple Street, formerly a congested boulevard but now carrying very little tragic. and Public Worics 39

Highways California California

40 40

18,1955

JULY JULY TO TO

IOPM IOPM 6AM 6AM Dekema. J. J. by by ", ", to to

Expressway

Trail Trail

TRUCK TRUCK COUNT AXLE AXLE fiom 5 5 Road Road Historic Historic of of Reconstruction Reconstruction Pass, Pass, "Cajon "Cajon * *

-axle five of of volume volume the the also also and and traffic traffic

total daily daily average average the the depict depict These These

diagrams. flow flow traffic traffic two two the the by by

given is is Pass Pass Cajon Cajon the the by by provided provided

service traffic traffic the the of of indication indication An An

Traffic Traffic Flows

stage. design design the the now now in in and and is is ment, ment,

align- new new on on be be located located will will Devore Devore

from southerly southerly The The freeway freeway financed. financed.

be can can freeway freeway the the of of extension extension

further before before years years the the during during ice ice

serv- traffic traffic -- adequate adequate and and safe safe provide provide

-~°"``

to improvement," improvement," "interim "interim an an was was

ic«~•,~~c

~~sc ~~sc

extension

This This flow. flow. traffic traffic and and safer safer

iHArric AvtHAVt AvtHAVt

UAILY UAILY

iy55 iy55

smoother in in much much resulting resulting benefit, benefit,

great be be a a to to proved proved intersections intersections

the of of 1955. 1955. Channelization Channelization 28, 28, June June

on completed completed was was 66 66 Alternate), Alternate), (US (US

Drive Kendall Kendall and and at at Cutoff" Cutoff" vore vore

the the "De- at at intersections intersections of of nelization nelization

chan- including including extension, extension, southerly southerly

A the the sketch. sketch. on on indicated indicated as as 1953, 1953,

June June 10, on on was was completed completed Underpass Underpass

Gish to to Devore Devore from from section section the the of of

expressway -lane -lane four to to Conversion Conversion

and and Victorville. Bernardino Bernardino

San -395 -395 between between 66 -91 US US of of history history

the in in chapters chapters recent recent the the most most date date to to

up bring bring article article the the present present panying panying

accom- sketches sketches and and photographs photographs The The Qa

1953, 1953, issue.* -June, -June, May in in the the lished lished

. .. .. 27 27 page page { from from Continued Continued

z toy truck traffic, the most prevalent type PLACER COUNTY BRIDGE MAMMOTH SUGAR PINE of heavy commercial trucking. It is Continued from page 21 ... A mammoth sugar pine tree is lo- evident in the latter diagram that Auburn Dam, the controlling grade cated off Oregon Highway 62 on the heavy trucks entering Cajon Pass from features of the entire National Park. the southwest utilize State Street, a and alignment way to Crater Lake and dollars and cents sav- county primary road, as the main route the The tree is 224 feet high, S00 years ings per vehicle crossing. Upon the route. By so doing, the grade cross- old, 7 feet 11 inches in diameter, and of these considerations it was de- ing of the Union Pacific and Santa basis that a $275,00 project would contains 29,000 board feet. Fe tracks on the "Devore Cutoff" is termined itself in approximately 15 eliminated. The "Devore Cutoff" is amortize years by actual savings in time and also a county primary, and the grade bankment protection. The bridge and traveled. On this basis the crossing is closed by long and slow- distance approaches were opened to traffic on new structure was designed on a 265- moving freight trains for considerable inci- horizontal curve with 8 July 29, 1955. The remainnng periods every day. It is anticipated foot radius percent superelevation and a vertically dental work was accepted as complete that a large amount of the truck traffic Ample width for August 1955. now using State Street will be diverted curved grade line. on 29, two vehicular lanes is provided by a to the freeway as soon as it is com- as to how closely the 28-foot roadway with afour-foot pe- An indication pleted to a junction with the San Ber- cost adhered to on the downstream original estimate of was nardino Freeway (US 70-99) in destrian sidewalk to provide for a is as follows: Colton. side. The necessity Original Final secondary county road approach at estimate cost Addi4ional Work the east end of the structure compli- Contract items $198,146.00 $198,95438 Additional work is under way on cated the design considerably. Eddy- Supplemental work ______3,518.00 X5,65030 the southern approaches to Cajon ing currents caused by the confluence Contingencies ______10,083.20 Pass, where a $785,000 contract was of the north and middle forks im- Subtotals $211,141.20 $214,604.68 awarded to R. M. Price Company on mediately downstream dictated the Construction October 7, 1955, for construction of use of approach embankment protec- engineering $19,814.60 $19,258.25 the Highland Avenue Separation and tion. The entire project was designed Preliminary engineering Railroad Overhead. This will later be- with a freeboard of three feet above performed by State__ $11,000.00 $7,837.84 Preliminary engineering come an integral part of the freeway the 1950 flood plane. The length of Performed by county______5,600.OU $5,24.16 for US 91-395 through the City of the bridge, 340 feet, together with San Bernardino, on which construc- approaches, made a project 0.44 mile Totals ______$248,161.80 $246,944.93 tion has commenced. in length. Financing of the project was ac- Northerly of the Griffith Company complished with 2 %2 fiscal years' al- Contract Awarded in 7954 project which has just been com- lotment of federal-aid secondary high- pleted, the US 66 "Victorville By- The project was advertised for bids way funds totaling $135,000 plus pass" is well along toward comple- over date of July 9, 1954, and bids matching funds consisting of state tion. This consists of a 3.8-mile sec- were received August 4, 1954; James highway funds in the amount of tion on new alignment between Palm- B. Allen of San Carlos being the suc- $78,388 and county funds in the dale Road and "D" Street, in the cessful bidder. The contract was amount of $33,056.93. westerly portion of Victorville. It is awarded August 13, 1954, and ap- The county gives credit for the suc- being constructed by Norman I. proved September 8, 1954, allowing cess of the project to the close co- Fadel, Inc., Altfillisch Construction 200 working days for the completion operation of the county engineering Company, and Bert C. Altfillisch. of the work. staff with that of the LJ. S. Bureau of Work on this $716,000 job started The early stages of construction de- Public Roads and the California Divi- April 28, 1955, and is about 70 percent veloped into a race with nature to sion of Highways. On the part of the complete. J. Fadel is superintendent complete footings, abutments, and county, special commendation goes to for the contractor, and Tom Borman pedestal columns to a point above E. C. Whiting, resident engineer; is resident engineer for the State Divi- normal high water anticipated in the Clayton R. Taylor, inspector; and sion of Highways. rainy season. However, normal high Norman Andregg for preliminary ap- Further extension of the "bypass" water did not develop during that sea- proach plans. In the Division of High- northward toward Barstow was pro- son even though the contractor had ways, the county is grateful to Ted vided on October 20, 1955, by the his work in the clear. Construction Jain of District III, now retired, and California Highway Commission al- progressed at a steady pace, the only W. C. Kiedaisch of the Bridge De- lotment of $1,500,000 for the Victor- major changes consisting of reduction partment. Expeditious preparation of ville Overhead and Mojave River in the excavation for footings and the plans by the Bridge Department saved Bridge and approaches in the budget addition of a heavy rock riprap foun- an entire year in opening the project for the 1956-57 Fiscal Year. dation for the sacked concrete em- to traffic.

and Public Works 41

Highways California California 42 42

Orinda. In In this Grumm. Grumm. J. J. Fred Fred of of the tirernent tirernent for for engineer engineer construction construction as as mento mento

Gillis Gillis

of M. M. and and William William Angeles; Angeles; re- the the Highway Highway upon upon Engineer Engineer State State o Sacra- to returned returned Gillis Gillis 1938 1938 In In

of of C. C. Los Gillis Gillis Jackson Jackson Highways; Highways; Deputy

became became Gillis Gillis

1950, 1950, July, July,

In In

counties.

Valley Valley

Joaquin Joaquin

San San

of Division Division the the with with engineer engineer

district district

southern and and central central

the the in in

tenance tenance

Engineer Highway Highway

Deputy Deputy

Named Named

assistant an an . . Mateo, Mateo, San San Gillis Gillis of of R. R.

main- and and

construction construction

planning, planning,

way way

sons, sons, Lyman three three They They

have have mento. mento.

and and Research.

and and Materials Materials ment, ment,

high- state state of of charge charge

in in

vas vas lie lie

years years

Sacra- Avenue, Avenue, Lincoln Lincoln

West West

3650 3650

Equip-

Maintenance, Maintenance,

Construction, Construction,

five for for where where

Fresno, Fresno, at at

headquarters headquarters

at live live Marjorie, Marjorie, his his wife, wife, Gillis Gillis and and

four four

departments:

these these of of supervision supervision

with VI, VI, District District of of engineer engineer

trict trict

California. of of

which which

includes of of operations, operations,

charge charge

dis- 1933 1933 to to in in

promoted promoted

was was

He He

the the University of of

Traffic Traffic Engineering Engineering in

engineer engineer highway highway state state sistant sistant

State.

the the of of

corner corner

every every in in projects projects

and

Transportation Transportation of of Institute Institute as-

the the to to was was Gillis Gillis promoted promoted Act, Act, Burns Burns

highway

inspecting inspecting

and and Headquarters Headquarters

of Committee Committee

Advisory Advisory

the the on on tive tive

Collier- the the program program under under struction struction

Sacramento

of of out out working working division, division,

representa- Highways Highways of of

the the Division Division con-

1947 1947 the the to to in in expanded expanded meet meet

the for, for,

engineer engineer

construction construction assistant assistant

served served has has

He He

secrion. secrion.

Sacramento Sacramento

reorganized the the was was division division When When

became he he

year year

same same the the Later Later gions. gions.

its of of

president president past past

and and society, society, the the

traffic. support support

re-

Lode Lode

Mother Mother

Vallev Vallev and and Joaquin Joaquin

member member life life He He a a is is

1916. 1916. in in neers neers

to required required pavement pavement and and base base of of ness ness

San

northern northern

the the

covering covering X, X, trict trict

Engi- of of Civil Civil Society Society

American American the the

thick- the the total total reducing reducing thereby thereby rials, rials,

Dis- in in engineer engineer

construction construction as as ways ways

membership membership to to elected elected

was was Gillis Gillis

mate- base base local local to to available available cement cement

High- of of

Division Division

California California the the for for

$290,000,000. about about of of

poses poses

of percentage percentage small small a a adding adding by by dollar dollar

work

to to

came came

he he 1929, 1929,

April, April, In In

pur- highway highway state state for for expenditures expenditures highway the the stretching stretching of of method method

total involves involves Highways this this o4 o4 year year +sioee +sioee which which Div program program Joins Joins this of of in in use use the the Nation Nation the the leads leads still still

a a

highway

administering administering in in

McCoy McCoy California construction. construction. base base treated treated

Company.

Bridge Bridge

Pacific Pacific the the with with

G. G.

Engineer Engineer

Highway Highway

State State

der der of of cement advocate advocate early early strong strong

pasition

a a

accept accept

to to resigning resigning 1926, 1926,

un-

directly directly

he he worked worked has has

capacity capacity

was was a He He Highways. Highways. of of Division Division

until there there remained remained He He 1912. 1912. in in ment ment

Depart- Highway Highway State State Washington Washington

Retired Gillis, Gillis, M. M.

Ridgway Ridgway

Engineer Engineer Highway Highway State State

Deputy Deputy the joined joined Gillis Gillis Railroad, Railroad, Pacific Pacific

Northern the the with with service service included included

which jobs jobs engineering engineering various various After After

1910. in in Technology Technology of of Institute Institute

Massachusetts the the from from engineering engineering

civil in in degree degree B.S. B.S. his his received received He He

degree. A.B. A.B. an an with with 1906 1906 in in College College

Whitman from from graduated graduated was was and and

1885, in in Oakland Oakland born born in in Gillis Gillis vas vas

century. quarter quarter past past the the

during tenfold tenfold increased increased has has which which

program construction construction highway highway ~vide ~vide

state- a a of of out out carrying carrying the the for for sibility sibility

respon- broad broad of of positions positions in in been been has has

State the the with with career career Gillis' Gillis' of of Most Most

associates. and and

by by friends 250 250 attended attended dinner dinner a a at at

honor of of guests guests were were Gillis Gillis Mrs. Mrs. and and

1VIr. retirement, retirement, his his of of eve eve the the On On

Highways.

of Division Division California California the the with with ice ice

serv- years years of of 26 26 1955, 1955, after after 1, 1, vember vember

No- on on retired retired Gillis Gillis M. M. Ridgway Ridgway

Engineer Highway Highway State State Deputy Deputy

GiBlbs r'Via r'Via R. R.

service Retirements Retirements Earl T. Scott

Earl T. Scott, District Engineer of District VI of the State Division of Highways with headquarters at Fresno, retired' from state service on November 1st. Scott was with the division 41 years and had been district engineer at Fresno since 1938. The territory under Scott's direct supervision included Fresno, Madera, Kings, Tulare and Kern Counties. An estimated $60,000,- 000 worth of construction has been completed along state highways in his area since he took over as district engineer 17 years ago. Scott had charge of much of the major construction work which con- verted the San Joaquin Valley section of US 99 into multilane, divided highway. When jobs now under way or RETIREMENT PARTY PHOTO. At lower left corner is Mrs. Thomas A. Scotf, Mr. Scotts daughter-in-law; budgeted are completed, only 10 miles Otio C. Soennich;en; Chief Clerk Wolter P. Kelso; E. T. Scott, and C. F. Waite. of the total 189-mile length within his district ~~iII remain to be financed and William L. Welch constructed as divided roadway. A W. P. KeI so great deal of planning work has also Succeeds Earl been accomplished by Scott's staff, looking toward further improvement W. P. "Walt" Kelso, Chief Clerl: Scott in Fresno of much of the completed multilane for the Division of Highways, Dis- Appointment of William L. Welch mileage to full freeway standards. trict VI in Fresno, retired on Novem- as District Engineer of District VI of Scott came to work for the division ber 1, 1955, ending a 24-year career the State Division of Highways, to in 1914 as an assistant resident engi- with the State. succeed Earl T. Scott who retired neer in the Los Angeles district and November 1st, was announced by All of Kelso's service was with Dis- then as superintendent of construction State Highway En- work as a on work along the Old Ridge Route trict VI where he started gineer G. T. Me- between Bakersfield and Los Angeles. bookkeeper in February, 1931. He Coy. clerk in 1944. During World War I he served was promoted to chief District VI, with overseas as a 1st lieutenant in the 23d Kelso was born in Brooklyn, New headquarters at Engineers, U. S. Army, and returned York. He served with Company K, Fresno, comprises to state service in 1919. 106th Infantry, during World War I 1,609 miles of state He `vas with the U. S. Bureau of and was wounded in action in Bel- highways in Ma- Public Roads for a short time during gium in August, 1918, for which he dera, Fresno, Tu- 1921 and 1922, but returned to the ~~as awarded a Purple Heart. lare, Kings, and division to accept a post in the main- WILLIAM 1. WELCH Kern Counties. After discharge from military serv- tenance department of the Los Ange- Welch has for the past five years New York University, les office. ice he attended served as chief assistant to the Engi- graduating with a degree in account- He vas later promoted to district neer of Design in the division's Head- ing in 1923. He came to California in maintenance engineer, the position he quarters Office in Sacramento. He has the fall of the same year and worked held in 193 S when he ~~as appointed been an engineer with the Division of for several private to take over as district engineer of as an accountant Highways since 1929. firms in the San Francisco Bay area District VI. Nateve of New York before he came to work for the State. Scott was born in Tacoma, Wash- A native of Newburgh, N. Y., ington, anti came to California in 1892. Kelso and his wife live at 1500 Welch was educated in Iowa and He attended elementary and high Roosevelt Avenue in Fresno. They Nebraska, and studied civil engineer- schools in Los Angeles and graduated have one son who is a pilot in the ing at the University of Nebraska. on ...Continued on page 46 U. S. Air Force. ...Continued page 46

and Pubic Works 43

Highways California California

44 44

page page on on

...Continued ...Continued

the on on employees employees 688 688 were were there there 1948 1948 who MacDonald, MacDonald, H. H. Thomas Thomas is is alumni alumni

the the held held Rodger at at party party dinner dinner In mounting. mounting. steadily steadily been been has has district district distinguished college's college's this this Among Among

a a at at retirement honor honor to to hun hun do do ered ered the of of The The work work VII. VII. District District in in tem tem operation. and and construction construction way way

service service state state

gath- outside outside within within and and Sys- State State Highway Highway the the of of 1,417 1,417 miles miles high- concerning concerning knowledge knowledge neering neering

and and associates Bill's Bill's many many friends friends the of of taking taking care care for for responsibility responsibility engi- basic basic to to so so much much contributed contributed

has has had he he department department has maintenance maintenance 1,464. is is that that Station Station ber ber Experimental Experimental neering neering

the the district of of head head 1955 1955 the the administrative administrative num- while while in in Engi- pay pay Iowa Iowa roll, roll, staff staff the the maintained maintained has has lege lege

As some some $350,000,000. $350,000,000. of of cost cost total total a a at at col- this this that that recalled recalled be be will will 1914. 1914. It It

this this district in in completed completed been been

in have have engineering engineering civil civil in in degree degree ence ence and and daughter. a a son son

expressways

and and

freeways freeways

multiple multiple of of sci- of of bachelor bachelor his his received received he he where where has has a and and is is in in married married

Arcadia, Arcadia, Road Road

miles over over 150 150

Department, Department,

struction struction Ames, at at Arts Arts Mechanics Mechanics and and ture ture 101 101 at at Pamela who who

lives lives

Langsner, Langsner,

Con- VII VII

District District

the the of of head head tive tive Agricul- of of College College State State Iowa Iowa the the at at

Tech Tech Association. Alumni Alumni Cal Cal

administra-

the the

been been

has has Bill Bill While While eduction university university his his He He received received

the of of and and Vice Vice President President director director

city. that that of of

schools schools high high

and and grade grade

Reeord Fine Fine

is is

past and and Tech Tech Rezriew Rezriew Alumni Alumni Cal Cal

the in in education education early early his his received received

of of

as as the

has has editor editor He He served served also also

and Iowa, Iowa, Lyons, Lyons, in in born born was was VII. Bill Bill District District in in ticularly ticularly

Sigma Sigma Xi.

fraternity fraternity honor honor gineering gineering

district. the the of of counties counties three three par- the the construction construction of of freeway freeway stimulated stimulated

the the

Board Board en- and and

Research Research Highway Highway

all just just about about comprising comprising greatly as as has has financing financing ognized ognized increased increased fect, fect,

the

of of

Way Way Association, Association, can can Right Right

into into ef- 1947 1947 going going Act Act of of Highway Highway

the the Engineers, Engineers, Ameri- Civil Civil

of of Society Society

FAHEY L. L. WILLIAM WILLIAM -Burns Collier the the with with because, because, tory tory

the the of of

He He a a is is American member member

his-

state state

highway highway

in in period period portant portant

in in California. high high Ontario, Ontario, school school and and

im- an an

been been has has

This This

retirement. retirement. his his

grade grade there school school attended attended

Langsner Langsner

he he held held

until

VII VII

District District in in istration istration

New New York, Brooklyn, Brooklyn, Born Born in in

admin- and and maintenance maintenance construction, construction,

1954. in in of of highway functions functions the the for for sibilities sibilities

duties budget budget and and program program signed signed to to respon- has has he he which which in in position position This This

was was as- He He area. area. Angeles Angeles Los Los town town engineer. district district became became he he when when

the the in in down- freeways freeways metropolitan metropolitan 1948,.._ 1, 1, November November held held until until he he sition sition

of of the many many of of design design the the for for sible sible po- which which engineer, engineer, maintenance maintenance VII VII

was was he he respon- capacity capacity that that 1949, 1949, In In of of District position position to to the the fill fill 1938, 1938,

in design, design, engineer, engineer, district district assistant assistant 28, March March on on promoted promoted was was Bill Bill 1936. 1936.

to was was 1947 1947 promoted promoted and and in in gineer gineer 1, September September on on engineer engineer tenance tenance

utility utility en- district district became became Langsner Langsner main- district district assistant assistant becoming becoming neer, neer,

engi- resident resident engineer, engineer, resident resident work. ant ant

assist- of of positions positions of of way the the right right years years of of through through four four service service includes includes

state in in advanced advanced also experience experience rapidly rapidly His His Fahey Fahey construction. construction. way way

Island Island Free- Terminal Terminal the the on on office. trict trict ordinator ordinator

dis- Angeles Angeles Los Los the the in in utility utility co- draftsman draftsman and and engineer engineer ing ing resident resident and and

as as engineer- position position a a Freeway, Pasadena Pasadena accepting accepting the the nia, nia, now now Parkway, Parkway,

to to Califor- came came he he when when 1928 1928 Seco until until the the Arroyo Arroyo

LANGSNER LANGSNER GEORGE GEORGE

work, engineering engineering city city doing doing of also also and and the the construction construction

engineer civil civil a a as as practice practice private private on in in dent dent engineer engineer

engaging by by life life civilian civilian resumed resumed Bill Bill resi- assistant assistant pal pal

rec- fast fast is is becoming becoming which which area, area, tan tan war, the the of of close close the the At At lieutenant. lieutenant. He He was was princi-

metropoli-

Angeles Angeles the the

for for Los Los

system system 2d a a as as Army Army the the served served he he which which 1931. in in ogy ogy

freeway a a of of

the the

development development in in is is in I I War War World World came came Then Then Iowa. Iowa. of of

Technol- stitute stitute

done being being work work

highway highway

state state

the the of of County, Clay Clay for for engineer engineer county county In- California California

from from

much where where Los Los Angeles Angeles and and

Orange, Orange, and engineer engineer county county assistant assistant as as

after after graduation

Ventura, of of Counties Counties three three the the

prises prises

and and later engineer engineer construction construction bridge bridge

party

survey survey a a on on

com- VII VII District District California. California. of of

State State

as as a Commission Commission Highway Highway State State Iowa Iowa

Highways

of of

sion sion

the service service with with 27 27 years years of of career career ing ing

for for the

worked worked he he

assignments assignments these these

the Divi- the

work work

for for

started started

Langsner Langsner

engineer- notable notable a a close close a a

to to

bringing bringing Following Iowa. Iowa. Clinton, Clinton, of of City City the the

Fahey. L. L.

W. W.

1955,

1, 1,

December December

retired retired

ways, ways, of engineer engineer city city assistant assistant as as worked worked

Engineer District District

by by

vacate vacate

position position

of of

High- Division Division

State State

the the of of

VII VII

He He then Company. Company. Engineering.. Engineering.. Iowa Iowa

the fill fill to to promoted promoted

was was

VII, VII,

District District

District

for for

administration administration and and nance, nance,

the for for engineer engineer resident resident and and inspector inspector

for Budgets Budgets

and and

Programs Programs

Engineer, Engineer,

mainte-

construction, construction, of of charge charge

in in was position position engineering engineering first first Bill's Bill's

District Assistant Assistant Langsner, Langsner,

George George

engineer district district Fahey, Fahey, L. L.

William William

Iowa in in Worked Worked

Fahey Succeed Succeed

retired.

Fahey

L. L.

William William recently and and

years, years, many many for for Roads Roads to Langsner Langsner

Public of of Commissioner Commissioner U. U. S. S. was was began to realize the need for an em- A. I. ployee safety program within the A. L. Anderson "Irv" Rivett Division of Highways itself. During the new few years he initiated and A. I. "Ird' Rivett, Safety Engineer developed such a program with the District XI of the State Division of for the Division of Highways, retired result that in 1945 he became Safety Highways is losing the services of one on October 7, 1955, bringing to an Engineer for the division,. devoting of its most loyal and conscientious end 40 years of service with the State. himself 100 percent to employee employees in the person of A. L. The past 17 years of his career were safety. "Andy" Anderson who has an- in safety work. The present-day em- In 1950, full-time safety supervisors nounced his retirement on December ployee safety program now in opera- were appointed for each of the 11 1, 1955, after 36 tion throughout the 11 highway dis- highway districts in the State, and for years with the tricts in the State was developed Headquarters departments with large ~r State Division of largely by Rivett. field or shop forces putting into effect Highways. In 1938, he was called in as assistant one of the first over-all employee Andy was born engineer in the newly-formed Safety safety programs among highway de- January 15, 1894, Department, forerunner of the present partments in the Country. in LaMont, Illinois, Traffic Department. For the next few Under Rivett's direction, these men, where his early along with assistant safety engineers boyhood was working out of the headquarters office spent. Then as in Sacramento, travel through their A. L. ANDERSON now, however, districts and the state supervising em- California's golden gleam could not be ployee safety programs, inspecting denied and Fresno's school bells were shops and yards and visiting mainte- soon beckoning him to class. In prep- nance and other field crews on the aration for his future career, he spe- job, on the alert for unsafe equipment cialized in several business schools, or work practices that might mean after his ties were severed with the loss of life or limb to one of their local high school. In 1913 he decided fellow employees. to try the life of a rancher, but this Riven and his crew have used many was interrupted in 191S when he an- methods in addition to the inspection swered his country's call and entered tours to get their message over to the U. S. Navy as a yeoman, serving the 11,000 employees in the division. throughout World War I. Posters, lectures, movies, filmstrips November 17, 1919, began his em- and reaction tests all play their part. ployment with Highways as an assistant clerk in his home town of Fresno, Accident Frequency Drops the headquarters for District VI. Less Since 1940, when the employee than two years later he had risen to safety program started, the accident chief clerk of the district, continuing frequency among division personnel to occupy that important position un- has dropped to well below half of til September 1, 1933. At this time, what it was 15 years ago. E. E. Wallace, now retired, District An additional responsibility assigned Engineer of District VI was trans- A. I. RIVETT to Rivett since 1951 has been the co- ferred to the fledgling District XI as years he toured the State lecturing ordination of the employee suggestion District Engineer, and gathering the before civic and school groups on the system for the Division of Highways. best of District VI including Chief engineering aspects of highway safety In the past four years he has processed Clerk Andy, moved bag and baggage and accident prevention. Riven was about 1,650 suggestions submitted by to San Diego. one of the first men in the country to state employees to the State Merit During his long career with High- mount a movie camera in the wind- Award Board. ways, Andy has seen many improve- shield of his car so that he could catch A man of broad interests, Rivett has ments in accounting techniques placed candid shots of traffic violators in an impressive list of "firsts" to his into effect as our division has grown action as he traveled over the state name. He is a charter member and and grown, no few of which are his highways goang to or Prom his assign- past state vice president of C. S. E. A. own ideas now become policy. He is ments. He used some of this film to and one of the founders and past a charter member of the C. S. E. A. illustrate points in his lectures. presidEnt of the State Employees and served as the first secretary of the Credit Union. He is a charter member Fresno Chapter. His interest in em- Employee Safety Program of the Valley Chapter of tl~e Amer- ployee welfare and efficient operation It was shortly after coming to work ican Society of Safety Engineers, has remained uppermost in his mind, in the Safety Department that Rivett ...Continued on page 46 ... Gonfinued on page 46 and Public Works 45

Ca{ifornia Ca{ifornia Highways 4b 4b

Club. home. total.

the the according according the of of National National to to future Automobile their their comprise comprise make make million million to to 51 51 expect expect almost almost they they wifl wifl

1955. 1955. uses uses States States cars he he than than Passenger Passenger oil oil of of more more for for where today, City City cent cent California, California, United United Oceanside, Oceanside,

in in million million reach reach 60 60 land land to to the using using be be canyon canyon will will and and 61 61 hilly hilly the per- of of consumer consumer in in acres acres ican ican pected pected

vehicle vehicle ex- are are from from the the registrations registrations include include Twenty Twenty the the now now Motor Motor development development years years 10 of of Amer- ment ment

Valley. Valley.

plans plans Their Their retire- nando nando after after

REGIST6tATIONS VEHICLE VEHICLE MOTOR MOTOR

cisco. Van Van Fer- San San Avenue, Avenue, the the in in Nuys, Nuys,

Fran- San San ramento, ramento, J., J., Richard Richard and and present present Langdon 8056 8056 at at live live time time the the

Sac- in in living living R., R., William William sons, sons, grown grown Mrs. Mrs. at and and

Mr. Mr. Fahey Fahey

L. L.

William William

grandchildren. six six and and Leora, Leora,

and and married married two has has is is Welch Welch

1955. of of evening evening 2, 2, December December

the the daughter, a a Newspapers; Newspapers; Clatchy Clatchy

highway highway improvements.

in in

on Auditorium Auditorium Angeles Angeles Los Los

Young Young Mc- the the of of relations relations section section public public

development development other freeway freeway and and area area

f f with with the

Dexter, Dexter, and and Authority, Authority,

... 44 44 from from page page Continued Continued

of of program program expanded expanded metropolitan

Youth California California with with officer officer ment ment the the

WILLIAM WILLIAM FAHEY L. L.

plans plans state's the the of of for for construction construction

place- a a Donald, Donald, sons, sons, two two have have They They

review final final and and designs, designs, way way design design

Sacramento. Avenue Avenue in in Fifth Fifth 2722 2722

recognized recognized high- fornia's fornia's outstanding outstanding

at live live Ora, Ora, wife, wife, his his and and Rivett Rivett

grandchildren. three three and and Park, Park, Cali- of of have have development development included included

Department. Safety Safety created created

newly newly Menlo of of Robert, Robert, Fresno, Fresno, of of also also and and his his responsibilities Design, Design, of of neer neer

the

in in assistant assistant

engineer engineer appointed appointed Thomas, sons, sons, two two has has Fresno. Fresno. in in He He EnDi- the the to to assistant assistant administrative administrative

was

he he when when 1938 1938 in in Sacramento Sacramento Way Peralta Peralta 872 872 Scott's Scott's at at is is home home as While While Department. Department. serving serving Design Design

returned returned He He

there. there. transferred transferred

Headquarters division's division's the the to to signed signed Defense. Office Office fornia fornia

Civil Civil of of

were offices offices X X the the when when ton ton

District District

1949, 1949, as- was was In In Welch Welch November, November, the the of of 6 6 Cali- services services

Region Region

for for

ing ing

3 3 Stocic- to to 193 193 In In

ramento. ramento. moved moved he he

there. highways highways state state and and ways ways other other of of engineer- chief chief as as served served also also He He

Sac- in in were were also also

time time that that at at quarters quarters free-

for for design design and and survey survey tigation tigation

Commerce. of of ber ber

head- whose whose

for for engineer engineer X, X, District District

inves- materials materials of of charge charge take take to to area area

State State Cham- Va11ey Va11ey Joaquin Joaquin Council, Council,

maintenance

as as appointment appointment assistant assistant

Angeles Los Los the the to to returned returned then then He He

San the the of of Committee Committee Highway Highway and and

accept accept

an to to

Highways Highways of of Division Division

area. Bay Bay

Francisco Francisco San San the the in in ning ning

Transportation the the a a of of member member and and

the to to returned returned

later later years years Six Six he he

plan- freeway freeway metropolitan metropolitan for for basis basis 345 Engineers Engineers Legion's Legion's Post Post 23d 23d can can

Resources. Water Water of of llivision llivision the the in in

as as served served which which traffic traffic of of surveys surveys the the Ameri- of of commander commander past past Club, Club,

1923 1923 engineer an an became became he he In In cerns. cerns.

destination and and origin origin charge charge the the of of Engineers Fresno Fresno of of president president the the

con- electrical electrical with with service service of of private private

was was he he Highways, Highways, of of Division Division the the past Engineers, Engineers, of of Society Society Professional Professional

periods two two and and Nevada Nevada of of University University

to return return his his after after years years two two For For California the the of of member member a a is is Scott Scott

the

at at studies studies

for for out out

time time

engineering engineering

TraAie TraAie

Surveys

of of Charge Charge In In

engineering. in in degree degree a a with with

with interrupted interrupted was was service service state state duty.

1914 in in University University

Stanford Stanford from from

his years years 11 11 next next the the For For ramento. ramento. active from from relief relief his his of of time time the the at at

. .. .. 43 43 from from page page Continued Continued Sac- in in located located office, office, III III District District then then Major of of the the held held areas. areas. bat bat rank rank He He

SCOT'P T. T. EA~tl. EA~tl. with with a a as as the was was draftsman draftsman 1912 1912 in in com- Pacific Pacific other other in in and and Guadalcanal Guadalcanal

Highways, of of Division Division the the of of runner runner on serving serving battalion, battalion, engineering engineering an an

fore- Highway Highway fornia fornia Commission, Commission, of officer officer he he time time operation operation the the was was

first first His His Cali- the the ramento. ramento. with with job job Anderson. L. L. that of of S. S. U. U. most most For For Corps. Corps. A~arine A~arine

and and grade grade Sac- in in school school high high A. retirement, retirement, tended tended enters enters he he as as head head ment ment the with with served served years years half half a a and and three three

at- Rivett Rivett Sacramentan, Sacramentan, depart- native native A A unsurpassed unsurpassed and and an an ployee ployee Welch II II War War World World During During

Board. Research Research em- exemplary exemplary an an to to extended extended are are headquarters headquarters ramento ramento office.

Highway National National the the of of Personnel Personnel wishes best best Our Our time. time. has has he he if if is, is, that that Sac- the the of of in in time time part part and and Counties) Counties)

on on Committee Committee Maintenance of of Safety Safety Return, his his bowling. bowling. loves, loves, earliest earliest of of Ventura and and Orange Orange Angeles, Angeles, (Los (Los

the on on present present served served also also one He He format. format. to to return return may may he he that that VII admitted admitted District District time time tion, tion, in in the the of of most most

its form, form, tabloid tabloid in in paper paper the the issue issue to to has he he old, old, keep keep to to administra- getting getting from from just just and and planning, planning, estimates, estimates,

first C. C. the the was was and and A., A., E. E. S. S. the the And and sundry. sundry. and and all all pictures pictures color color of of specifications specifications design, design, highway highway

of publication publication the the Eynployee, Eynployee, official official on gathering of of throes throes in in is is he he and and worked worked he he the the years years nine nine next next the the

the the of of as as served served also also State He He editor editor him has has shutterhug shutterhug the the bitten bitten During jobs. jobs. Lately Lately construction construction on on engineer engineer

victory. to to resident team team local local as as served served baseball baseball first first he he the the where where geles, geles,

of of Pia4ive Pia4ive Sacramento

cheer and and fish, fish, Los Los An- 1933 1933 to to elusive elusive moved moved the the pursue pursue Welch Welch and and In In

rest just just to to traveling traveling drar~tsman. a a Eureka, Eureka, extensive extensive as as after after Sacramento. of of

at and and Diego, Diego, Highways Highways plan Division Division District District San San of of Dri~-e, Dri~-e, I, I, Norma Norma Table Public Public the the Round Round Relations Relations

of 4630 at at 1929, 1929, staff staff home home the the their their joined joined have have and and Frances, Frances, tember, tember, of also also is is He He Club. Club. member member charter charter a a

his his Sep- in in California California to to the the wife, came came ment ment he he and and state, state, He He State. State. in in the the of of Speakers Men's Men's State State organizers organizers

that depart- in in organized organized best best highways highways the the and and doubtedly doubtedly railroads railroads on on 1VIen's 1VIen's one one and and Club Club the of of State State the the

work engineering engineering of of un- years years few few a a After After his his to to leaves leaves he he and and successor successor and and of member member charter charter president president past past

. .. .. 43 43 page page from from ... 45 45 page page from from Continued Continued Continued Continued . .. .. 45 45 page page from from Continued Continued

SlJCCEEDS SlJCCEEDS SCOTT iNELCH iNELCH ANDERSON L. L. A. A. A. A. RIVETT 1. 1. Dave Langford DEPUTY STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEERS NAMED

Highway Chief Dave Langford, Appointment of J. W. Vickrey and J. C. Womack, Planning Engineer San Luis Obispo, Clerk I, District V, Charles E. Waite as Deputy State for the State Division of Highways December 31, after retired on 1955, Highway Engineers for the California since 1948, was named to the position state service. 35 years of notable llivision of Highways was announced of Assistant State Highway Engineer— llave on l~TOVember 17th by State Highway Planning. He will fill the position for- on May Engineer G. T. McCoy. tnerly held by Vicl~rey. The appointments were made ret- Assistant Planning Engineer John roactive to November 3, 1955, two A. Legarra has been promoted to the

Barn at Milton, California in 1893, DAVE LANGFORD Dave was graduated from Stockton Commercial ~ol- lege in 1912. He worked as an accountant for the Sterling Iron Wor~~s in Stockton until the outbreak of World War I when he enlisted in the United States Navy, serving two years, chiefly in Scotland and France. He was discharged as pharmacist mate first class. He then vas employed by the Shell Oil Company, Stockton, and E. C. Loomis and Son, Arroyo Grande, before entering state service. Dave has been very active in affairs of the California State Employees' As- 1. W. VICKREY CHARLES E. WAITE sociation, serving in a number of days after the retirement of Ridgway Planning Engineer post formerly held Chapter 10 offices, including president M, Gillis, who had been Deputy State by Womack. and in 1939 delegate to the General Highway Engineer since 1950. Along with these changes, 1VIcCoy Council several times, where, in 1937, Because of the increased workload announced the assignment of person- he was elected treasurer and there- which has developed in California's nel and public relations functions for amember after of the Board of Di- accelerated state highway program, the Division of Highways to J. P. rectors of the CSEA headquarters or- 11~IcCoy said, two deputies were being ganization. appointed to provide the "additional An ardent sportsman, Dave expects top level administrative assistance re- to devote his energies to hunting and quired to handle the increasing pro- fishing throughout the West. His lei- gram. sure will be spent at his home, 652 In this first reorganization since Mitchell Drive, San Luis Obispo,. and 1947 of the top management struc- visiting his son and twin granddau~h- ture of the Division of Highways, ters in Santa Barbara. Vickrey was designated as Deputy State Highway Engineer—Engineering REWARD FOR ~CIT CARSON and Waite as Deputy State Highway 1. A. LEGARRA Kit Carson's former employer of- Engineer—Administration and Man- J. C. WOMACK fered a 1-cent reward for the return agement. Murphy, principal highway engineer of 16-year-old Kit when, according to Both men have been serving as who has been in charge of public re- the National Automobile Club, he ran Assistant State Highway Engineers, lations. The new duties which Mur- a~vay from IVlissou~ri to become a fur and were selected for promotion from phy is assuming were formerly car- trader and guide in New Mexico. a recently established civil service list. ried out by Waite.

and Publac Works 47

Highways

California California

4~ 4~

Dunsm~uir.

North North in in

bridge bridge

Lake. Shasta Shasta

around around

faci~- new new

a a into into

turned turned

was was

highway highway

River

Sacramento Sacramento

new new

the the

and and

tion tion

highway

relocated relocated the the and and old

the the

from from Redding Redding

traffic traffic

When When

percentage. percentage.

construc-

current current

the the of of

end end the the

yond yond

between small bottleneck bottleneck

additional additional this this an an leave leave plus plus

and and

present present is is way way

be-

constructed constructed

and and

relocated relocated be be

to to

old old high-

the the Lake

on on of of Shasta Shasta was was

north north which which

traffic traffic canyon canyon the the real real the the

miles

21 21

about about

remains remains

still still

There There

all

Well, Well, ?" ?" go everybody everybody in drd drd

"where "where

construction construction start start to to policy policy poor poor

3,000,000. $ $

asking

like like feels feels

and and

one one

new new the the

very been been have have

would would

it it

the the canyon, canyon,

about be be

will will these these of of

cost cost

aggregate aggregate

gets gets

he he

capacity, capacity,

to to

loaded loaded

quently quently

definitely definitely not not is is

its its location location

While While

The

contract. contract. Bridge Bridge

Creek Creek

Dog Dog

the the

fre-

and and narrow, narrow,

crooked, crooked, was was

which which

improvement.

Canyon's Canyon's

Sacramento Sacramento and

contracts contracts grading grading two two

underway underway

highway

old old

the the on on

to to driving driving

tomed tomed

the

of of start start

the the

are are now considered considered

there there be be well well section, section, this this of of

North North

accus-

being being After After

traffic. traffic. of of

scarcity scarcity

might

improvement improvement -mile -mile completed.

11.8

ttus ttus are are says says

canyon canyon

the

is is

highway highway

new new

the the

on on

driver driver

the in in

improvements improvements Redding, at at the the

until until least least

Highways Highways of of at at

Division Division

the the

the

impresses impresses

that that

thing thing

first first

The The

service

provide provide

will will standards, standards, of current current Engineer Engineer District District Trask, Trask, W. W. J. J.

up up to not not

while while built, built, $2,607,181.10 was was

dam dam mIles mIles 11.8 11.8 the the

______Totals Totals

Project Canyon Canyon

Sacramento Sacramento

when relocated relocated Lake, Lake, Shasta Shasta around around

785,555.55

miles miles 2.9 2.9

Co._ Co._

Watson Watson

road The The standards. standards.

current current

to to

proved proved

numerous. as as

nearly nearly be be

Fredrickson Fredrickson

im-

been been

has has

Lake Lake

Shasta Shasta

and and ding ding

to appear appear

not not did did they they one, one,

old old the the 686,680.00

miles miles

3.7 3.7

Co.__ Co.__

Watson Watson

Red- between between

highway highway

the the

now now

right right as vehicles vehicles many many as as & times times four four

least least Fredrickson Fredrickson at at

stands,

of of construction construction

579,390.00

status status the the miles miles As As

5.2 5.2 ______Bros. Bros. Rice Rice handling comfortably comfortably of of capable capable ity ity

$555,555.55 _ _ contract) contract)

left. on on highway highway old old shows shows Rice in in construction construction (included (included

during

taken taken photo photo

This This

Gate. Gate.

Mountain Mountain from from

Hill Hill Bass Bass towards towards alignment alignment Co. new new along along &Watson &Watson Fredrickson Fredrickson northerly northerly Looking Looking

are: lengths lengths their their and and

sections these these on on expenditures expenditures The The

completed. just just tract tract

con- the the is is This This $785,555.55. $785,555.55. for for Hill Hill

Bass to to Gate Gate Mountain Mountain from from paving paving

and grading grading for for Company Company Watson Watson & &

Fredrickson to to awarded awarded was was contract contract

1955, 1955, another of of first first the the before before Just Just

$2,607,181 Expepditures Expepditures

$6 &6,680. for for

Gate to to Mountain Mountain City City Project Project from from

paving and and grading grading for for Company Company

& & Watson to to Fredrickson Fredrickson awarded awarded

was contract contract a a year, year, the the in in Later Later

of of $579,390. bid bid a a

under performed performed was was work work This This ding. ding.

Red- in in Hill Hill Creek Creek Sulphur Sulphur of of foot foot the the

to paving paving and and grading grading the the extended extended

and contract contract grading grading this this for for paving paving

covered which which Bros., Bros., to to Rice Rice awarded awarded

was a a contract contract spring, spring, next next The The

$555,555.55. of of price price bid bid a a at at

work the the completed completed Company Company Watson Watson

& Fredrickson Fredrickson City. City. Project Project to to Creek Creek

Boulder from from grading grading the the covered covered

year that that in in let let contract contract first first The The

Lake.

to to Shasta Redding Redding from from highway highway the the

to to 1953 1953 improve in in begun begun construction construction

of the the culmination culmination is is This This completed. completed.

been has has County County Shasta Shasta in in Hill Hill Bass Bass to to

Gate Mountain Mountain from from highway highway vided vided

di- -lane -lane the the four for for contract contract The The

Completed Is Is

Now Project Project

County Shasta Shasta • Marking Equipment Specially ra sc I ~~ S Built by Highways Division By EARL E. SORENSON, Equipment Engineer

RaiLwnY T~irrs, operated by skilled not only be designed and positioned states have built markers following, to crews, require steel rails and flanged to make manipulation of vehicles a large degree, the Equipment De- wheels to control them, keep them in natural and easy, but they must be partment's design. Plans have also been their paths of travel, prevent collision, designed to convey control messages requested by several South American and guide them to their destination. in a manner so simple that even the countries, as well as some of the states Highway traffic depends on painted poorly informed driver can under- and territories in the Commonwealth lines and the eccentricities of drivers stand and follow them. of Australia. of varying skill. The modern highway marker, as Each highway unit is of very small Concepts of iraifie Control designed and built by the Equipment tonnage in comparison to that of a The latest concepts of traffic con- Department, is capable of not only railway unit. However, there are trol, through stripes and signs, as con- painting the stripes, but of precleaning many thousands of cars and trucks ceived by the traffic engineers, would the surface to be painted, placing the operated, for each train, and each one be of little value without the modern stripes, and applying reflector-type has lethal possibilities if not properly equipment and machinery to place glass beads, all in one combined op- handled and controlled. them in effect. The striping of our eration. It is capable of continuing this No doubt most of you have won- highways has become a major opera- process for long periods with only dered what lies behind the signs and tion, and requires this specially-built necessary shut-downs for loading the familiar stripes that are painted equipment and machinery to accomp- paint and rest periods for the skilled on our highways and which flow lish the desired results without exces- maintenance crews who operate it. smoothly for thousands of miles to sive cost. Composite Mnchine direct you in the proper travel paths. The Equipment Department of the Division of Highways has The composite machine is made up Striping a rr►odern complex highway California requires the utilization of the most pioneered in the development of mod- of a three-ton cab-over-engine type modern technique on the part of to- ern, fast, economical highway marking truck chassis with a special flat-rack day's traffic engineers, for stripes must machines. Approximately 30 other body, the truck pushing a marking

Modern traffic line marker with "mother" truck

and Public Works 49 LEFT—Arrangement of paint tanks showing air driven mechanical agitators. RIGHT—Close up of compressor and paint tanks using air-driven mechanical agitator. machine which is equipped with a pressor, air receiver, paint tanks The cylindrical pressure tanks are motor-driven cleaning brush, paint equipped with either electric or air mounted vertically, in such a manner gun, and bead dispensers. agitators, a solvent tank, and an en- that they may be readily and easily The truck, which requires a long gine-generator when equipped for filled with paint by removing the tc~p. wheelbase and bed, carries an air com- electric-motor-driven paint agitators. They may be flushed and cleaned by

LEFT—Inferior view of "mother" truck. RIGHT—Control panel on main compress of "mofher" unit.

50 California Highways means of a drainage system through Placing the stripes, with this equip- INEW BUDGET the bottom of the truck-bed. Paint ment, consists of only three opera- Continued from page 35 ... solvent is carried in an auxiliary tank, tions. First, the placing of signs, by a under pressure, and piped so that all pilot vehicle,to warn oncoming traffic Stanislaus County—US 99, vicinity lines and equipment may be flushed that the striping equipment is follow- of Ceres and Modesto, $2,000,000. clean at the end of the day's work. ing; next, the actual striping opera- The major construction projects in Agitation of the paint is accom- tions, including the placing of pro- the budget affect nearly 300 miles of plished either by means of electric or tective marker cones; and the final state highways and provide for 45 air-driven agitator paddles. Either sys- step, the gathering up of the protec- bridges over streams and 165 other tem gives satisfactory results. tive marker cones when they have structures, including highway separa- accomplished their purpose. The three tions and railroad separations. Ap- Winter Operations steps are carried on simultaneously. proximately 135 miles of the proposed improvements For winter operations, the traffic The operation of this complicated involve full freeways, which when line paint is passed through a shop- striping equipment is under the super- completed will bring California's -total designed hot water heater mounted on vision of the Maintenance Department of full freeways to more than S00 the front of the truck and obtaining of the Division of Highways. They miles. In addition, the 65 miles of proposed expressway its hot water supply- from the truck have developed highly skilled crews, and other multilane divided construction radiator. The heater can be adjusted who operate these machines with (with some intersections at grade) to bring the temperature of the paint efficiency and a minimum of delay. will increase the State's total multi- to the desired level for application. Like all machinery of a complicated of nature, the successful operarion de- lane divided highways of all types to The truck is equipped with a large, pends upon the skill of the operators. nearly 1,900 miles, or some 13.5 per- vertically adjustable rear platform for The striping crews are deserving of cent of the 14,000-mile State Highway the dual purpose of facilitating the credit for the results. System. loading of the paint and the placing of traffic- marker cones to protect the Equipment Design for Safety Over-all Budget $348,704,600 newly painted stripe during the drying period. Striping must, of necessity, be car- The over-all budget total, including ried on under heavy traffic conditions, certain allocations for such nonstate An automatic chute is now in proc- which involves some hazard to the highway purposes as city streets and ess of being designed which will men. While safety records for this county roads, is $348,704,600. Of this permit the placing of these traffic operation are excellent, insofar as this amount $37,983,000 is for nonstate cones by a man standing in the bed State is concerned, the Equipment highway expenditures, including $27,- of the truck. Department is continuing equipment 660,000 to cities for city streets (5/ A metal canopy is provided which design studies to improve the equip- cent per gallon of the gasoline tax); covers the entire truck bed, and af- ment from this standpoint. $6,530,000 in the federal aid secondary fords protection, from the weather, to It is possible that the marking ma- funds for county roads; $3,707,000 in the men and equipment. chine, which is pushed ahead of the state funds to counties to assist in the The marking machine, which is truck, may be eliminated by using a required matching of federal aid sec- pushed ahead of the truck, is designed long wheelbase vehicle with a front- ondary funds; and $86,000 for out- for one-man operation. The controls wheel drive. This would make pos- door advertising supervision. are largely automatic and are located sible the elimination of the drive- Apart from the $247,338,000 for in the machine's cab, within easy reach shaft and rear axle, which would major construction purposes, other of the operator. The marking ma- permit the marking machine and the state highway items in the budget in- chine, which is guided by the oper- operator to be suspended near the rear clude: $25,000,000 for maintenance; ator, is provided with a sight, or of the truck and between independ- $6,850,000 for administration;.$4,507,- pointer, to assist in the accurate align- ently mounted rear wheels, thus af- 600 for contingencies; $18,026,000 for ment of the stripe. This arrangement fording him protection from traffic preliminary engineering; and $4,500,- requires that the truck driver rnain- and also combining the present two 000 for buildings and plants. tain his truck in an approximate posi- units into one. tion only, the accurate location of the Study is also being given to the stripe being under the control of the feasibility of suspending the marking DRIVING NEAR PARKED CARS striping machine operator. machine from the front end of the When driving near parked cars, truck by cantilever support, and con- drive with care. Drive as far away Most E1Fecfive ~esulfs trolling it from the truck cab. from the line as conditions will per- Stripe spacing, paint control, and With the cooperation of the Main- mit. And look ahead. Practice the bead placing, as well as the alignment, tenance Department and the benefit habit of anticipation. Be alert for any are under the control of the operator. of their operating experience con- indication of movement among the The most effective results are ob- tinued improvements will be added to cars, for any indication of erratic tained at an approximate five mile- the complicated equipment used in movement among the adults or chil- per-hour speed. this important phase of traffic control. dren on the sidewalk. and Public Works 51 The Effect of Clay on the in sn s Quality of Concrete Aggregates

By BAILEY TREMPER, Supervising Materials and Research Engineer, and W. E. HASKELL, Associate Materials and Research Engin~ner

CLAY ~ when it is present as a coat- 7000 ing on the surfaces of the mineral particles that constitute concrete aggregate has long been regarded as deleterious. Evidence of this may be found in many specifications that require the aggceg~ates to be "free from clay or other deleterious coatings" or /..~ by requirements that the aggregates .~ shall be washed. The enforcement of d restrictions against clay generally are ~.••• ~O,f in the form of a maximum limitation 0,,, on the percentage passing• No. 200 (or ~9co finer) sieve as determined by wet siev- a~ ing (wash). But this test does not O distinguish between clay and inert ~O dust nor does it furnish a clue as to ys the degree of activity of the clay, if it is present. The inclusion of the No. ~~ SS 270 sieve in the sieve analysis, although ~C a step in the right direction, 11as not co resulted in the needed discrimination. ~, 3000 Q. Wet Sieve Analysis c~~~' ~ Because of the shortcomings of the O `~ `~A U a~ wet sieve analysis, and the time re- '~S quired to complete it, personal judgment is often resorted to as a means of evaluating the cleanliness of the aggregate. Frequently such opinions cannot O be justified by tl~e results of wet sieve analysis. If the investigation is carried •~• far enough to rrriake concrete with the questionable aggregate and the same material after thorough scrubbing it is Sand Equivalent not unusual to find that the suspected clay has not reduced the strength sig- Figure nificantly. Instances are on record of Relationship between sand equivalent and compressive strength the use of a soil as an admixture to concrete with evident improvement in amounts of clay whether in the form human judgment and the fact that no worlcab,ility and without serious erect of a coating or as discrete finely di- test method has been available to yield on the compressive strength, partic- vided particles have resulted in seri- an evaluation of either the quantity or ularly if tihe mix was lean and harsh. ous reductions in strength. There is a the activity of the suspected clay. On the other hand there is a great deal lesser amount of evidence to sho`v that Clearly a test of another type is indi- of evidence showing that excessive the clay contributes to excessive vol- cated. Tests of the desired type have ume change. been developed in the * The teen "clay" is used in a Uro~d sense and laboratory of may not necessarily be xestiicted to the true the 1~~Iaterials and Research Depart- day minerals. It may include mixtuzes of col- Sand Equivalent Test loidal particles with finely divided inert ma- ment of the Division of Highways. teri~l such as silt. The term is intended to include only mixtures that wntain colloidal These apparent anomalies may be These are known as the Sand Equiva- particles and exl~iUit some decree of plasticiTy as distinguished from inert rocl: dust. explained by the deficiencies of lent Test which is applied to sand

52 California Highways passing a No. 4 sieve and the sedimen- •~• tation test which is applied to coarse aggregate. The theory, bacicg~round and devel~ opment of the sand equivalent test has been described in the technical litera- ture.~ Aside from an interdepartmen- tal report, nothing has been published concerning the functions of the sedimentation test. The exact methods for conducting the tests however have 0.30 been described and they form a part

of the Manual of California Test Pro- a— cedures of the ~~Iaterials and Research C Department. U Details of Manipulation Although dithering in details of O. manipulation, because of particle size of the aggregates involved, both methods are based on the wine ~rin- ciple. Cla}~ if present in tl7e simple either as a coating or in the form of t:2 mortar disci°ete particles is brought into sus- i pension in a dilute solution of calcium t 14 days chloride which causes colloidal parti- N cles to coagulate. The suspension is allowed to settle for a definite period C and the height of the suspension is .T measured. The units in which the results are expressed is different for the O O ~ t`~~o tests. Higher values of sand equiv- 6 sack concrete alenr_ indicate less clay while higher • 56 days sedimentation values.. -indicate more i~ clay. The possible range in sand equiv- ~„~ ~~/ alei~t va]ue is froi» 0 to l00 whereas the range in sedimentation ~ralues is i from about 2 to 15a ~~ T,aborator}~ studies have been made sack to determine the effect of variations in 6 concrete sand equivalent and sedimentation i4 days values of fine and coarse aggregates on the quality of mortar end concrete • made from them.

SAND EQUIV/1LENT Saud from one pit way treated to Sand Equivalent >>ield five degrees of cleanliness rang- Figure 2 ing• from the pit-run material having a sand equivalent of 18 to well- Relationsh6p between sand equivafenf and drying shrinkage scrubbed product having a sand equiv- It is believed that volume change as slabs is partly responsible for curling alez~t of 95. Tests of these sands when exemplified by drying shrinkage is and the consequent reduction in sup- mixed into mortar and concrete often a more important factor in the port of the slab ends. Excessive shrink- sho«red that the comps°essive strength performance of concrete used in high- age of concrete that is restrained by decreased sharply, aid the linear ~Nays than is strength. Unfortunately reinforcing steel, or by the friction of shrinlrage upon drying increased, as volume change in the form of either the subgrade under pavements, pro- the sand equivalent became lower shrinkage or e~ansian has received duces craeks that are entry poiixts for (i.e. more clay). The results of these only a fraction of the attention in the agencies of deterioration. Unless vol- tests are shown in Figures 1 crud 2. design of eoncrete that has been de- ume change is known accurately dur- * F. N. Hveenx, Sand-Equivaleut Test £ox Control of Materials Duxine Coustiuction. Proceedings voted to strength. Unequal drying being the design of prestressed members of the 32d Annual n4eeting of die Highwa}~ Research Board. tween top and bottom of pavement they may not function as intended.

and Public Works 53

California California Highways 54 54

increased increased without without expense. greatly greatly desire desire the the between between compromise compromise best best that concrete concrete of of quality quality the the proving proving

the the meet meet producers producers requirement to to the the as as 80 80 selected selected was was of of value value mum mum im- of of means means a a provide provide to to seen seen thus thus

the the of and and ability ability quality quality formerly. formerly. highest highest Amini- Amini- for for available available not not was was is specifications specifications the the in in equivalent equivalent sand sand

of value value minimum minimum a a of of establishment establishment

3 The sieve. sieve. 200 200 No. No. Figure Figure the the pass pass shall shall cent cent

4 4 per- than than more more not not quirements quirements that that

re- specification specification the the with with complied complied

Sand Sand

Equivalent

tested samples samples the the of of all all Nearly Nearly 92. 92.

equivalent equivalent sand sand a a from from results results that that

90 90 60 70 70 80 80 •1 shrinkage drying drying the the twice twice produced produced

• • • • • 60 of of equivalent equivalent sand sand a a having having sand sand a a

that means means derived derived as as equation equation The The

~ ~ ~ Graded Graded Ottowa Ottowa Sand

general general equation. the the to to closely closely

more more •Two •Two or or ~ samples

more conformed conformed have have would would them them of of

some that that probable probable is is sample it it available available Single Single o o been been ~

samples repeat repeat of of results results Had Had samples. samples.

single of of tests tests represent represent lines lines broken broken

~~ ~ ~ O O the outside outside lie lie that that points points of of majority majority

the that that noted noted be be will will It It supply. supply. of of

source given given a a from from samples samples single single of of ~ w o o

• • I tests represent represent

circles circles 3. 3. Open Open Figure Figure

O / / ~

in dots dots solid solid as as shown shown are are and and aged aged

results results aver- were were the the event event which which in in

supply of of same same the the source source from from ceived ceived ~~A

re- were were samples samples more more or or two two cases cases

p p

many In In 80. 80. exceeded exceeded number number large large a a

although 80 80 to to 60 60 of of the the range range in in was was

many of of equivalent equivalent sand sand The The ment. ment. O / /

require- equivalent equivalent sand sand a a include include not not

O • •

O~ O~

did that that to to specifications specifications meet meet duced duced

pro-

were were tested tested sands sands the the

of of Most Most

• /~~ ~O ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~~

~ O Sampler Sampler tested

•• • ~ ~ p

order. L

~ ~ ~~

relatively relatively a a high of of and and real real is is relation relation

.~2

cor- the the that that shows shows analysis analysis Statistical Statistical

~ O ~ ~ O

~C equation. the the of of accuracy accuracy in in range range

/ o o O O ~~

probable the the lines lines represent represent broken broken

~~ ~ o

The the the of of relationship. relationship. pression pression

N ~O

ex- mathematical mathematical the the is is diagram diagram the the

/~ • • ~ •

in shown shown equation equation The The

variables. variables. two two

the between between statistical statistical relationship relationship N

i the shows shows line line solid solid The The tests. tests. sloping sloping

these in in the the obtained obtained results results shows shows 3 3

methods. methods. Figure these these by by tested tested were were

supply of of

sources sources

from from

142 142

samples samples

S, S, = (100 -SE) -SE) 0.0024 0.0024 0.0588 + + 248 all, all, In In sand. sand. the the containing containing mortar mortar

of shrinkage shrinkage drying drying and and absorption absorption

sand sand equivalent, was was O for for months months tested tested

15 of of period period a a during during laboratory laboratory the the

/ • in received received was was that that sand sand concrete concrete of of

sample shrinkage, shrinkage, each each drying drying affect affect

k may equivalent equivalent sand sand the the extent extent what what

to learn learn to to and and practice, practice, in in expected expected

be to to shrinkage shrinkage range range drying drying in in the the on on

0 information to to more more obtain obtain order order In In

Obtained Information Information More More

limits. reasonable reasonable change change ume ume within within

o. o. ~ 2 2

to to vol- essential essential control control is is it it Clearly Clearly See Figure 3 Y 65 With further reference to FiguYe 3 v it will be noted that a number of vii 60 sands, tests of which were made on a several samples, are represented by ~ 55 points that fall outside the broken v lines. These points all represent sands 3~ 50 produced in Northern California and, 2 3 5 7 10 15 further, can be grouped into a few Sedimentation Value (log scale) geographical areas. It is indicated therefore, that there is some factor other than sand equivalent that affects drying shrinkage. Other investigators 0 ,075 o .100 have concluded that cement paste in i 0 N N attempting to shrink is restrained by 0 0 the particles of aggregate and that the v v 0 Y greater the rigidity of the aggregate C .~ 0 0 C 00 o ° the .050 .075 greater is the restraint to shrinlc- t age. It was further concluded that the N o ° restraining effect of the aggregate was rn rn c c related to its porosity as measured .~ ~ 7 days a 28 days by ~T a. 0 the absorption test. Such a conclusion D .025 ~ '' 050 is borne out by the results of the pres- 55 60 ~ ~ 50 55 60 ent tests. In Figure 3, the average ab- w/~- Ibs. per sack Wj~- Ibs. per sack sorption of the sands plotted above ,N the upper broken line is 1.4 percentage a points higher than the average for the 4000 p,600 sands which are plotted below the 0 c lower dashed line. The data strongly .~ 0 suggest that a correlation exists be- 0 0 0 0 tween absorption and drying shrink- ~ 3000 0 age and statistical analysis shows this 0 N 0 ~ 400 to be true. A computation of the a~ L multiple correlation between sand d 0 X 0 0 0 equivalent and absorption combined 0 N p 2000 0 — 300 and drying shrinkage shows that it is U ~' 50 55 60 exceptionally high. 50 55 60 The adoption of Wj~- Ibs. limitations on both sand equivalent W/~ - Ibs. per sack per sack and absorption in the specifications would furnish nearly a perfect control Figure 4 on drying shrinkage insofar as it is Relationship between water-cement ratio and drying shrinkage, compressive strength, and flexural strength affected by the character of the sand. commercial The sand equivalent of an aggre- products and of three pit- in Figuve 4. The coefficient of corre- run gate can be improved by manufactur= aggregates to determine the ef- lation while indicating real correlation fects of high ing processes but a reduction in ab- amounts of clay coating. is not particularly high. Relationships I~n the preparation sorption would be difficult, if not of these samples all between sedimentation value and flex- impractical, to accomplish. A strin- loosely adhering fine material was re- ural strength, compressive strength moved sieving gent limitation on absorption would by dry and the test and drying shrinkage are shown in virtually eliminate some pits as poten- results reported herein measure the Figures S and 6. Coefficients of corre- effect of coating. tial sources of supply. The effect of clay as a Test speci- lation are relatively high and indicate such elimination would present a seri- mens were molded from concrete that the sedimentation value has an ous economic problem. mixtures containing each of the coarse effect on the quality of the resulting aggregates and a single lot of sand. concrete that is not accounted for en- SEDIMENTATIONa VALUE In these tests the amount of water tirely by variations in water demand. required mix the Studies of the sedimentation value to concrete to a Equations Derived common slump varied among the ag- of coarse aggregates to date have con- Equations derived from the test data gregates and tended to increase with sisted of tests of eight %-inch x No. by statistical methods indicate the fol- 4 gravels, which are considered to increasing sedimentation value. The lowing: represent fairly the range of available test data are shown diagrammatically ... Continued on page 64 and Public Works 55 FACTORS IN OUTPUT OF HIGHWAY ORGANIZATIONS

By IiARMER E. DAVIS, Director Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineering, University of California, Berkeley

Over the past decade enlarged pro- partments estimated they would have grams of highway construction iniri- EDITOR'S NOTE: This study of needed 3,990 additional engineers in ated by the states, and stepped-up fed- the engineering manpower problem order to work at maximum effective- eral-aid appropriations have called for was presented by Professor Davis ness. continually increased output from the at the annual meeting of the West- In the response to the survey, the state highway departments of plans, ern Association of State Highway highway departments also estimated designs, specifications, and construc- O~cials at Jaekson Lake, Wyo. the number of engineers they would tion supervision relating to new con- need for programs SO and 100 percent struction, and of operational control larger than their 1954 programs. of increasing lane-miles of existing fa- (wanting that such inventories and cilities. All indications point toward estimates contain elements of uncer- the necessity of a further marked in- tainty, nevertheless the order-of-mag- crease in output to meet the demands nitude of such figures are useful and of highway transportation in the significant in appraising the type of decade ahead. situation we are dealing with here. Highway engineering the agencies, The estimates indicated that the mini- country over, have achieved a remark- mum number of engineers needed for able record of new and unproved fa- a 50 percent increase in the programs cilit~es put in place since They 1945. ti~ould be about 8,700, and fora 100 have done this by marshalling n- percent increase almost 14,000. It is creased manpower and by a gradual presumed that these estimated needs development of time- tech- saving are based on a projection of utilization niques. But there now appears to exist of engineering personnel under cur- a of 4,000 shortage some engineers in rent methods of office and field prac- the state highway departments alone, tice. But the significant factor that according to a recent survey.l With a comes to mind immediately, as I shall substantial further acceleration of show later, is that it is unlikely that highway construction programs on a engineers in any such numbers will narion-wide basis, which seems prob- become available for recruitment, at able, a vert' critical manpower situa- least for a considerable number of tion could develop. However, those years to come. who have looked into this rising problem agree that it will be Harmer E. Davis possible to Significnnt Findeng avoid an ovexly critical situation if appropriate counter measures, some In a survey made by the Highway There `vas another highly signifi- already well-developed, are put into Research Board in the fall of 1954 it cant finding brought out by a study general effect, was reported 1 that the number of of the results of the survey: there ap- engineers employed by the highway pear to be appreciable differences in INVENYOItY OF ENGiNEER1IJG departments of the 48 states, the Dis- the number of engineering personnel fNANPOWER trict of Columbia, Hawau, and Puerto (excluding maintenance engineers) It is my purpose here to analyze Rico was 18,034. About two-thirds of employed per dollar volume of con- some of the aspects of this manpower these departments also used the serv- struction. It was calculated that the and output problem, and to describe ices of private consulting engineering ratio of engineers employed per mil- some of the developments that are tak- firms to some extent, and it was re- lion dollars of capital outlay ranged ing place. ported that 4,192 additional engineers from 2.0 to 28.2, with a median value As a first approach to a considera- would have been needed if the con- of 7.2. Now it is quite possible that, tion of the problem, it is helpful to sultants had not been employed. Com~ to some extent, differences in designa- make an inventory of the factors bined, these are equivalent to 22,226 tion of personnel in engineering classi- which bear upon the situation. These persons %n engineering classifications ficat~on may account for this large include an inventory of present man- engaged on the 1954 state highway variation; some preliminary results of power, and of the trends in produc- programs. The report of the survey a special study now going on in se- tion of new manpower. also indicated that the highway de- lected states with very high or low

56 California Highways ratios indicate that this is the case. New Manpower Production gineering college enrollment (in Engi- Devel- Another factor may be the charac- Soine statistics concerning trends in neers' Council for Professional totaled teristics of the construction program. civil engineering enrollments, pre- opments accredited colleges) and is now in- There are some indications that work pared by Professor R. A. Moyer,2 about 187,454 in 1954 percent per year. in urban areas, requiring more details based on Engineers' Council for Pro- creasing at about 8 of planning, design and control, may fessional Development data published 2. While, prior to World War I, require more engineering personnel by the American Society for Engi- civil engineering attracted the largest per dollar volume of construction. neering Education, are reproduced in number of engineering students of all But this finding also leaves the thought Tables 1, 2, and 3. Significant points the branches of engineering instruc- that some states have developed differ- to be drawn from these data are as tion, since 1935 the civil engineering ent practices in the utilization of per- follows: undergraduate enrollments have been sonnel in engineering classifications. between 10 and 15 percent of the Pursuing this point one step further, TABLE 7. TOTAL COLLEQE ENROLLMENT AND total undergraduate engineering en- YF9E ENGINEERING ENROLLMEPIT IN THE it was estimated in the study that, if UNITED STATES IN 1940 AND 1947-1954 rollments. In 1954, the total number of engineers per million undergraduates in the utilization College enrollment of civil engineering dollars of capital outlay were held to in the United States d Engineers' Council for Professional a value not to exceed the median value Percent Development accredited schools was found in the survey, fora 100 percent engineering 21,560, about 13 percent of the expanded program some 26,000 engi- of total undergraduate engineering en- totml neers would be required by all state Total Year college Engineering college rollment. departments instead of the indicated 1940 ______1,490,000 113,497 7.6 3. While the civil engineering de- 35,000.. 1947 ..__..____ 2,333,000 244,390 10.5 partments currently have only about DisfribuTion of Personnel 1948 ____.___ 2,410,000 241,554 10.0 one-eighth of the total undergraduate 1949 ______2,456,000 198,266 b 8.0 enrollment, the number Another finding of the survey b 7.0 engineering 1950 ______2,297,000 161,324 or which is of interest is the distribution 1951 ______2,116,000 147,694 b 7.0 of first degrees granted (B.S. of personnel among the engineering 1952 ______2,148,000 155,518 b 7.4 equivalent) is something less than functions. The average distribution 1953 ______2,251,000 171,832 b 7.6 one-fifth of the total first engineering 1954 ______2,499,750 187,454 b 7.5 for the state organizations is shown in degrees granted. In 1954, some 3,597 Includes ~aduate and undergraduate enrollment. engineers were graduated. the follo~~ing tabulation: b Includes only ECPD accredited institutions. civil Percent of engi~aeering Td1BLE 2. ENROLLMENT OF CE, EE, ME AND THE TOTAL FOR ALL U{VDER6RADUATE IN UNITED STA7E5 Function personnel ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT ECPD ACCREDITED SCHOOLS DURINCa THE FALL TERM FOR SELECTED YEARS, 1910-7954 Planning and traffic 6 Souxes: Journal of Engineering Education Location ------5 Erarollrnent of undergraduate engineering students Road design ------23 Bridge design ______8 in United States during fall term Total all Construction ______40 engineers Materials and testing______.______7 CE EE ME Number Maintenance ______6 Year Number % Number % Number % Admin., contracts, R/W, etc...._ S 1910 ______77,900 26 5,500 18 6,400 21 30,337 100 1920 ______8,800 17 9,300 18 11,900 23 51,908 100 This indicates that if time- and 1925 ______12,200 22 17,500 33 10,300 19 54,337 100 labor-saving procedures can be de- 1930 ______13,813 19 18,500 25 15,000 20 73,386 100 20 60,395 100 vised functions ~vhich might certainly 1935 ______7,800 13 10,000 17 12,000 11,152 10 15,500 14 28,600 26 110,618 100 be examined are those of the design 1940 ______.____ 1945 ____---____---______6,820 10 11,100 16 13,100 19 89,146 100 office and of construction control. 1947 --_--_----__-_--__------_ 29,609 13 52,292 22 53,459 23 234,484 100 In the 1954 study by the Highway 1949 ------_-_-__----_-----~ 27,135 15 40,946 23 42,758 24 180,646 100 Research Board, a sampling of cities, 1951 ______19,744 15 24,564 19 27,134 21 128,367 100 22 138,170 100 consulting firms, and toll road author- 1952 ______20,283 15 26,696 19 29,335 20,882 14 30,916 21 31,390 21 150,426 100 ities was also made. This was not in- 1953 ______1954 ______21,560 13 36,987 22 35,126 21 167,103 100 clusive enough to enable a firm esti- Total number of ECPD Schools, 150 in 1954. mate of the total requirements for these agencies; also it did not include counties, townships, special highway 1. While engineering college en- The influence of the current up- districts, or the engin~!ering personnel rollment in the immediate postwar swing in college enrollments is just in other agencies of government per- years was 10 percent or better of the beginning to be felt in the senior forming highway engineering func- total college enrollment, the percent- years, but the effect of this on the of engineering enrollment has tions. Thus an over-all picture is lack- age number of civil engineering graduates ing, although the survey does give dropped back to something slightly is not likely to be felt for another year a reasonable guide to requirements over 7 percent, which is about what it under current practices. was just prior to World War II. En- or so.

and Public Works 57

Highways California California

58 58

another

procedures. to to

agency agency state state one one from from

than higher higher be be may may

this this

engineering; engineering;

field and and personnel oliice oliice of of

A. A. Streamlined Streamlined shifts shifts make make

to to

Merely Merely

highway in in employed employed were were graduates graduates

FACTORS

III. III. TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE

these of of percent percent 22 22 that that implications: found found important important two two we we

Here 1953. 1953. has This This through through 1949 1949 counting). limited. limited. of of is is classes classes severely severely the the potential, potential,

ac- from cost cost keeping, keeping, and record record engineering, engineering, items, items, current current civil civil of of manpower, manpower, graduates graduates of of engineering engineering

of of pay kinds kinds civil placement for' for' the the quirements quirements on on professional professional California California of of pool pool of of the the total total versity versity that that

re- and and Uni- the the as as methods methods at at made made concluded (such (such tices tices be be recently recently it it must must we we study study engineering), engineering),

prac- a cite cite control control might might highway I I construction construction in in guide, guide, (besides (besides a a rough rough activity activity as as but but engineering engineering

changes through through available, civil time time of of are are data data vision vision segments segments statistical statistical other other from from accurate accurate mands mands

super- No de- the the extensive. extensive. construction construction down down and and are are C. C. Cut Cut engineers, engineers, engineering engineering civil civil civil civil of of graduate graduate

phases new other other of of in in number number graduates graduates the the for for demands demands legal legal Considering Considering requirements. improved improved

The

work. work.

highway highway

into into go go through however, however, time time lead lead down down Cut Cut

B. B.

Inventory

Manpower Manpower of of

Implications Implications

graduates,

engineering engineering

civil civil of of the the tion tion clearances). and and

provals provals

frac- a a

Only Only

schools. schools.

engineering engineering civil civil ap- checking, checking, field.

internal internal and and nal nal

neering neering

the

from from

drawn drawn

are are

agencies agencies

highway highway engi- highway highway e~er- the the as as (such (such enter enter

to to practices practices

tive tive willing willing

the by by

recruited recruited

personnel personnel

neering neering currently graduates graduates of of administra- engineering engineering

civil civil

reorganization reorganization

engi-

trained trained

college-

the the

of of

Most Most

new of of production production through time time lead lead current current down down the the Cut Cut equal equal A. A.

years. almost

several several would would next next needed needed the the for for replacements replacements FACTORS the the II. II. ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL

year per per graduates graduates undertaken, were were

engineering engineering civil civil

volume volume

present present the the

fields.

in in other other

trained trained

5,000 to to 4,000 4,000 than than double at at more more

States States program program United United

accelerated accelerated

an an If If

to to individuals

work work

ing ing

the in in schools schools programs. state state engineering engineering

the the

present present from from under under year year

per per

of of nonengineer-

Delegation Delegation 2. 2.

produce not not 400 about about probably probably of of we we shall shall that that requirement requirement

placement placement

cians.

trends trends a a and and re- statistics statistics means means This This

of of these these year. year.

tion tion per per

percent percent 2 2 to to techni-

functions functions

sional sional

examina- the the at from from field field the the of of conclusion conclusion out out

net net

A A transfers transfers

and and

ments, ments, nonprofes- of of

Delegation Delegation 1. 1.

retire- deaths, deaths, to to

due due losses losses

of of

mate mate electronics. personnel:

professional professional

ing ing

esti-

conservative conservative

as extremely extremely such such an an

places places attention, attention, public public large large tracted tracted exist- of of

utilization utilization

Improved Improved

D. D.

Moyer Moyer year. year. each each at- needed needed have have that that sonnel sonnel subjects subjects in in occurring occurring

ices.

per-

engineering engineering highway highway are increases increases in in ments ments

enrollment enrollment _. _. appreciable appreciable

serv-

for for engineering engineering

Contract Contract

C. C.

replace- of of the the picture picture the -all -all over

schools schools

good good a a engineering engineering the the

in in that that

of of turnover.

Reduction Reduction

B. B.

to to

give available available not not is is appears it it Information Information addition, addition, In In colleges. colleges. the the in in

dustries.

engineering and and sciences sciences the the

entering entering

years.

five five

in-

other other

from from

Engineers Engineers

2. 2.

for a a basis basis are are that that the the next schools schools during during year year high high the the per per 1,000 1,000 exceed exceed

graduates. New New

1. 1.

in subjects subjects not will will States States preparatory preparatory on on United United emphasis emphasis the the throughout throughout

Recruitment:

A. A.

decreased

work a a relarively relarively to to this this engineering engineering attribute attribute highway highway enter enter will will

FACTORS

PERSONNF.,L PERSONNF.,L I. I.

observers Some Some who available. available. engineering engineering civil civil becoming becoming of of graduates graduates

now of graduates graduates form. school school the the number number high high in in that that creases creases expect expect to to sonable sonable

in in outline below below in- the the from from rea- summarized summarized be be ties, ties, effected effected may may be be it it might might that that guide, guide, a a as as figure figure this this

of of possibili-

range range the the rate at at the the consider consider With might might engineering engineering and and curriculum. curriculum. the the sciences sciences in in given given tion tion

we agencies, agencies,

highway highway to to the the the of of atten- attracted attracted being being point point the the by by not not are are and and students students Highways, Highways, of of vision vision

stand-

the the from from is is facilities, facilities, that matter matter this this Di- highway highway the the of of with with concerned concerned activity activity cies cies recruitment recruitment the the by by

output output the the

of of of of increasing increasing agen- a a both number number problem problem by by voiced voiced California, California, is is in in that that field field this this to to given given is is

general the the

to to approach approach an an As As observation impetus general general important important considerable considerable An An since since however, however,

schools,

other other many many

in in percentage percentage the the

Ot1iPUT of of Engineers Shortage Shortage

OF OF INCREASING METHODS METHODS POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

100 procedures. and and 19,707

methods, methods, 18

3,597 100 167,103 13 21,560

______1954 1954

100

21,642 devices, 19 saving saving

labor- 4,070

and and time- time- 100 150,426 14 20,882

1953 1953

______

100

27,155 18 4,917

of 100 application application and and 138,170 15 Development Development b. b. 20,283

______1952 1952

100 37,904

6,473

100 128,367 15 personnel. 19,744

______nonengineering nonengineering _ 1951 1951

100

48,160

7,312 100

142,954 16 22,449

utilize to to 1950 1950 as as

so so ______

a. a. Job Job organization, organization,

100

41,793 15

6,119

100 180,646

27,135

______1949 1949 ___

of: use use

and and ment ment

100

27,460

3,271

100 226,117 14

31,798

______1948 1948

develop-

the: the:

be be to to

in in

appears appears cies cies

100

18,592 14

2,692

100

234,484 13

29,609

______1947 1947

agen-

the the

highway highway of of

output output creased creased

100 11,358

13 1,430

100

110,618 10

11,152

1940 1940 ______

in-

for for

possibilities possibilities

great~st great~st 100 The The 2. 2. 8,303

1,977

100 73,386 19 13,813 _..______..______1930 1930

effectively.

Number most most it it % Number

% Number %

Number

Year

engineers to to utilize

is is engineers manpower manpower of of pool pool able able engineers engineers

All

Civil fio fio the the avai!- all Total Total respect respect with with problem problem Civil

granted

degrees degrees First enrollment real the the Rather, Rather, Undergraduate problem. problem. manpower manpower

the to to solution solution

a a satisfactory satisfactory

offer offer

19.30 -1954 YEARS, YEARS,

SELECTED SELECTED

FOR

STATES

UNITED UNITED TFiE TFiE

IN IN

SCHOOLS SCHOOLS

ACCREDITED ACCREDITED ECPD ECPD to AT not not appear appear ENGINEERING ENGINEERING

would would

OF OF versa, versa, vice vice BR/4NCHE5 BR/4NCHE5

or or

IN IN ALL AND AND

FliGINEEAING FliGINEEAING

CIVIL CIVIL

IN IN

GRANTED GRANTED

DEGREES DEGREES

FIRST FIRST

OF OF NUMBER NUMBER THE THE AND AND

ATES ATES

employ,

private private to to public public

from from

or or

UNDERGRADU- ENGINEERdNG ENGINEERdNG

ALL ALL OF OF AND AND UNDERGRADUATES UNDERGRADUATES OF OF CE CE 3. ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT TABLE TABLE B. Mechanized methods of per- services vary widely. A report of a The use of professional people forming operations: recent study on this subject is avail- trained in disciplines other than engi- 1. Technical computations. able.3 The first consideration here is neering is proving advantageous to a 2. Accounting operations. the most effective utilization of con- number of highway departments. Stat- and 3. Special techniques, such as: sulting services within the framework isticians, economists, accountants, business administration graduates can a. Airphoto reconnaissance of the over-all operations, and the of topoography, mate- perform certain functions just as selection of contractual agreements to readily as can engineers. Some of the rials. achieve this. b. Photogrammetric map- functions such as right-of-way acqui- ping for location. sition, traffic analysis and forecasting, Improved UTilization of Existing and budgetary analysis and forecast- Comments on aspects of some of Professional Personnel ing are areas that may be worthy of these possibilities are given in the fol- There are two aspects to the matter study in this respect. lowing paragraphs. of utilization of professional engineering personnel. One relates to the seg- Organizational Faetors Recruitment and Reduafion of Turnover regation of professional and nonpro- Because there are usually no clear guides or direct means of evaluation, engineering fessional tasks or functions, and the Because new graduates the way an organization does business may other relates to possibility of draw- be in short supply, especially is generally developed by trial-and- strong ing on personnel trained in other dis- efforts at recruiting will prob- error methods, and continued by in- ably ciplines or fields to perform profes- be necessary to attract a share of ertia. The staff resists even slight new men into the highway organiza- sional functions now ofter performed by engineers. modifications because of the callective tions. Not only is it necessary to bring pain caused by such changes. the possibilities of careers in high- Information assembled by the Na- Organizational changes conceived way engineering to students by many tional Manpower Council4 indicates by outsiders, however well-inten- kinds of recruiting techniques, but that the ratio of supporting techni- tioned in the interests of efficiency, also the keenness of competition from cians to professionals is considerably often have unforseen side effects. A other fields is making necessary an ex- lower in engineering than in other smoother change can frequently be of amination what the job has to offer professions such as medicine. The val- developed by the man on the job, but the man. Young graduates are not mo- uable time of a physician is devoted to he often lacks the opportunity to tivated by salary alone; the challenge the actual use of medical skill and make the change and live with it. of the work and the opportunity for judgment; other functions are per- Here is an area that may be worthy advancement appear also to be serious formed by nurses and laboratory tech- of your critical examination. I am sure for considerations today's graduates. nicians. Perhaps one of the difficulties that many of you can think of They will avoid jobs in which there we encounter in engineering is a lack changes in the legal and/or adminis- are likely to be several years of sub- of a clear distinction between the trative procedures which would re- professional work; this places a pre- purely technical and the purely produce lead time and the human time mium on a recognizable engineer-in- fessional—and perhaps this is where consumed in getting out projects. training program and advacement to some heavy thinking needs to be Urgencies and crises will provide work carrying some professional chal- done. At any rate, the key to this the opportunities for organizational lenge. Many young men are also in- situation on a practical basis may have changes, and that agency is fortunate quiring not so much about the start- to be a job analysis and job reclassifi- which has carefully analyzed what ing salary but about the potentials S, cation procedure. Already in some changes are desirable and takes ad- 10, or more years from now. Re- departments, jobs such as draftsmen, vantage of a crisis to put them into cently, many highway agencies have delineators, computers, etc., are well effect. been able to raise the entrance salaries, established. Perhaps what needs to be but relatively little has been accom- done is to make them more highly Streamlined Office and Fteld Procedures plished in the higher grades. This re- valued vocations, with reasonable re- Dozens of ideas have been emerging duction in salary range has no doubt wards for long and productive service. in recent years about ways of reduc- been the reason why good men have At any rate, when jobs of this kind ing time and technical labor through been attracted elsewhere after two are disentangled from the engineering improved office and field procedures. to four years in this field. Perhaps the professional ladder, personnel can be Standardization of certain features of next step should be to raise the sal- recruited from high schools or else- plans and specifications is a possibility. aries of the top administrators so that where, and trained through short- Decrease in data required on plans is adjustments can be made all down the term, specialized courses. This kind of another; I recently heard of an engi- line. procedure offers great opportunities neering department where one design for increasing the output of a limited division was using SO percent more Contracting for Engineering Services supply of experienced professional time than another for plans because The practices of highway agencies personnel. It was utilized very effec- greater detail was presented, yet it was in their use of private engineering tively early in World War II, in turn- found that the facilities constructed firms to perform selected engineering ing out a vast fleet of aircraft. were similar and the results produced

and Public Works 59

Highways California California

60 60

Na. BvlFefiin BvlFefiin Board Board

1955.

Research Research of of Highway Highway

months months ments,° ments,°

sectioning.

cross in in

final final

methods methods

Depart-

Highway Highway t~►rough t~►rough Needs Needs

for for

Personnel Personnel neering neering

seven first first

the the

during during new

Laredo Laredo

developed developed

having having

report report States States 4 4

"Engi-

R., R.,

L. L.

and and E., E., 5chureman, 5chureman, M. M.

1 1 Campbell, Campbell,

data. tabular tabular of of use use by by cars cars entered 30,000 30,000 computations computations Some Some entry. entry. of of

REFERENCES

bridge

replaced replaced

having having report report

States States 34 34 other other point any any than than Texas, Texas, Laredo, Laredo,

structures.

drainage drainage

programs.

way way by by States States

the the United United from from

for

or or

earthwork earthwork

for for

yardage yardage ing ing

highway

of of

increased increased

handling handling the the

~Vle~uco

enter enter

automobiles automobiles

More More

determin- for for methods methods

computer computer speed speed

for

basis basis

the the include include will will

they they that that

high-

developed developed

MEXICO TO TO

report report having having DOOR DOOR States States 10 10

confident be be

can can we we

and and developed, developed, routes. alternate alternate

being are are of procedures procedures evaluation evaluation rr~any rr~any But But for for quick quick lems. lems. anethods anethods thumb thumb

rule -of-

evolved evolved

having having

prob- report report

States States our' our' 16 16 r~tanpower r~tanpower solve solve to to is is ~ilcely ~ilcely 24, 24, 1956.

January January than than later later

tations.

change

or or methodological methodological not

personnel personnel

or or po5tmarized, po5tmarized, be be received, received, must must

compu-

assignment assignment traffic traffic for for

cedur~s cedur~s

one

no no

action, action, of of course course single single C. C.

No No They 25, 25, D. D.

rflerce, rflerce,

Washington Washington

pro- mechanized mechanized having having report report States States 12 12

of of Com- Department Department of of Public Public Roads, Roads, data. related related niques. and and tory tory

inven- road road

Bureau to to compiling compiling basic basic tech- Examiners, Examiners, cedures cedures and and Service Service S. S. Civil Civil U. U. procedures, procedures, devices, devices, saving saving

pro-

mechanized mechanized

use use of of the the

report report

States States 35 35

of Board Board the the labor- with with be be filed filed must must

professional professional tions tions and and time time

of of

use use

efficiency.

increased increased with with divisions divisions

of of

C. C. D. D. 25, 25, Applica-

the

by by and and

Washington Washington manpower manpower sion, sion,

of of engineering engineering

functions

realigned realigned

having having

report report

States States 34 34

Commis- pool Service Service LT. LT. S. S. Civil Civil existing existing of of the the the the

from from utilization utilization better better staff. engineering engineering

or country, country, to the the attention attention the for for by by throughout throughout savings savings offices offices time time organizations organizations with with discrplincs discrplincs neering neering

other

from from personnel personnel post using using many many at at report report engi- States States highway highway be be obtained obtained 14 14 may may of of forms forms output output the the creasing creasing

in- applicarion and and for for need need the the information information Further Further highlights highlights turn, turn, in in following: the the

situation, include This This years. years. given. few few be be developments developments next next The The the the will will least least possible. possible. as as

test

written written at A A for for rapidly as as inadequate inadequate engineering. engineering. issued issued remain remain civil civil and and will will in in numbers numbers summarized summarized be be

experience whose will progressive progressive which which graduates, graduates, of of years years informarion, informarion, engineering engineering four four of of new new wealth wealth a a

least at at

by had had or or have have must must showing engineers engineers they they highway highway or or apparently apparently 1956), 1956), are are e e results results professional professional nary nary

30,

by by September September Prelimi- study study experienced, such such available. available. it it of of additional, additional, complete complete making making cruitment cruitment and and rion rion

expect expect (or (or re- by by met met the the informa- be be fully fully engineering engineering civil civil can can pooling pooling in in lum lum to to demands demands a a view view the the nth nth

curricu-

that engineering engineering is is unlikely unlikely possibilities, It It professional professional saving saving functions. functions. of of a a labor- and and neering neering time- time-

year

fourth fourth engi- or or their on on third third highway highway their their states states perform perform the the completed completed from from to to required required information information

have must must

getting of of manpower been been has has problem problem qualify, applicants applicants qualify, the the To To board board the the highlights highlights addition, addition, In In

States.

United United ahead, the the states. years years in in six six in in the the throughout throughout study study increase increase located located personnel personnel further further - technical

Roads

Public Public of of still of of Bureau Bureau detailed prospects prospects a a the the the the by by and and in in year, year, supplemented supplemented development, development, being being

a $4,345 $4,345

and and is highway $3,415 $3,415 of of fall fall tempo tempo of of paying paying last last increasing increasing study study positions positions Board Board The The Research Research

Trainee

Engineer Engineer

Highway Highway Highway

The The for for nation nation departments. departments. highway highway

COMMENT

SUMM/!RY SUMM/!RY

exami- an an

the to to announced announced aid aid has has of of be be can can Commission Commission which which on, on, going going

Service

Civil Civil

now

States States

activities, activities, United United

of of The The number number Roads. a a to to Public Public led led of of has has Bureau Bureau S. S. U. U. the the in in

problem CALLED output output

ARE ARE and and made manpower manpower EXAMINATlOMS EXAMINATlOMS being being is is the the methods methods computational computational

importance importance the the of of such TRAINEE of of realization realization schemes schemes ENGINEER ENGINEER A A several several HIGHWAY HIGHWAY of of plicability plicability

ap-

and and use use the the determine determine

to to study study DEVELOPMENYS

CURRENT CURRENT

special

A A industry. industry. of of fields fields many many

1955.

July, July,

C., D. D. application application operations. Washington, Washington, important important office office Council, Council, and and Research Research field field found found has has National National

Board,

Research Research

Highway Highway

286. 286.

Circular Circular Service Service

mechanized of of use use computers the the

speed speed on on

high high of of available available use use ing ing

The The

Correlation

Research Research Highway Highway

ReporT) ReporT)

ress ress

becom-

is is

reports reports of of

number number

growing growing

(Prog-

Engineering," Engineering," later. Highway Highway in in

information information Savings Savings

"Time "Time e e

procedures. procedures. older older

1955. the the of of August, August,

some some detailed some some

give give to to

able able

be be

should should

July-

Works, Works,

Public Public

and and H7ghways H7ghways

California California

bypass

entirely entirely

These These

developing. developing. and

are are

months months

in in recent recent

working working

been been

Time,'' Engineering Engineering

Save Save

Computations Computations

Machine Machine

location,

on on

methods methods

survey survey

C., C., has metric metric "Automation— D. D. R. R. K., K., Breece, Breece, Washington, Washington, 5., 5., and and of of Osofsky, Osofsky, e e Foundation Foundation

1954.

photogram- N. N.

Y., Y., as as

York, York, New New such such Press, Press, thereof, thereof, Safety

tions tions

Automotive Automotive the the by by

supported supported

University

Columbia Columbia

Manpower, Manpower,

Professional Professional

or or adapta-

processes, processes,

special special

and

Likewise, Likewise,

Fritts, Fritts,

Carl Carl

of of and chairmanship chairmanship Scientific Scientific

the the of of

Utilization Utilization

the the on on Conferenee Conferenee

machines.

IBM IBM

its its a

on on of of

Proceedings Proceedings computations computations under Council, Council, Engineers, Engineers, Manpower Manpower Civil Civil of of National National 4 4 Society Society can can

traverse 25. p. p.

106, 106, handling handling

of of

method method a a

5 5 ported ported

Ameri- the the

of of

Division Division

Highway Highway

the the

No. Bulletin Bulletin

Board Board

Research Research

Highway Highway also also See See

re-

recently recently

Highways Highways of of of

Division Division

committee committee a a 1955. problem, problem, June, June, California. California. manpower manpower Berkeley, Berkeley,

California, California,

California of

the the

University University E., E., T. T.

example, example, T. T. 1. 1. No. No. For For 21, 21, Report Report

of of the rapidly. rapidly. search search appraisal appraisal

general general a a

permit permit will will

Re-

Departments, Departments, Highway Highway

Sfate Sfate

by by Services Services

developing

are are

processes processes

putational putational

which

in in knowledge knowledge

gaps gaps

the the

in in

fill fill

Engineering

Privote Privote

Use Use of of

al., al., the the

et et S., S.,

D. D.

Berry, Berry, a a

com-

laborious laborious

formerly formerly

to many many

and and for for methods methods saving saving labor- '~ and and 1955. 1955.

time- time- March, March,

California. machines

Berkeley, Berkeley, using using of of California, California, methods methods of of versity versity

New New on

research research the the

supplement supplement

To To

Uni- E., E., T. T. T. T. I. I. Report, Report, Special Special Program, Program, way way

High-

Accelerated Accelerated Operations an an in in

Manpower Manpower

Engineering Engineering

studies. field field

traffic traffic

in in

States;' States;'

United United the the

in in

of of Program Program

Performing A+lethods A+lethods Highway Highway

Mechanised Mechanised

cuts

short short developed developed

having having report report

States States 16 16

Accelerated an an in in Required Required

Manpower Manpower

neering neering

testing.

materials materials

routine routine

Engi- in in

the the Addi4ional Addi4ional

Providing Providing in in

a a Factor Factor as as

examples.

other other are are

keeping, keeping, ord ord

cuts

short short

developed developed

Engineering, having having Civil Civil in in report report States States

20 20 Graduating Graduating and and Enrolled Enrolled

rec-

of of

methods methods

simplified simplified

of of

or or

rions, rions, Students of of Numbers Numbers the the in in "Trends "Trends A., A., R. R. items. a a Moyer, Moyer,

1.24. pp. pp. computa- 1955, 1955, measuring C., C., of of of of making making methods methods instead instead D. D. data data to to simplify simplify lar lar tions tions

WashingTOn,

Council, Council,

Research Research

Notional Notional

106, 106,

specifica- modified modified tabu- having having of of report report States States 19 19 development development The The equal. equal. were were ENGINEER'S WIFE WRITES ABOUT JUNGLE ROAD BUILDING

We have been here in Cochabamba that his driver, George, was wearing four months—time has gone by on The many friends of Donald (Bud) glasses for the first time, so he asked wings. We love it here. Cochabamba Hall 1n the Division of Highways him about them. George said: "Since is an enchanting city with its red tiled and the highway contracting indus- the Senor Hall wears glasses I thought roofs, pink churches, and blue skies. try mthe West may be interested I would wear them and look more im- The city cuddles against a grand range fn the accompanying Iefter fo "Cali- portant." of mountains, one of which, El Ne- fornia Highways and Publec Works' Bud said: "I hope he can see out of vado, is snow-garbed all year. One from his wife, Maxine. Nail is locaf- them and not be driving us over a hears the chiming of bells all day long ing aroad through jungle country cliff." These people are very child-like for the Government. — as we have many venerable old Bolivian in many ways, Editor. churches. (fur climate comes straight We have two wonderful girls work from Heaven. ing for us—my cook is only 17 years old but what a fine responsible child. We have had some wonderful trips, small speck of a river flowing along. I was forced into a situation about by automobile, throughout this coun- Such vistas, such magnificent country, two weeks ago, where I had to call try—the traveling is far different than make one feel so insignificant. On Emma and ask her if she could have in the States. Here one really pioneers many of the switchbacks the front end dinner for 10 people instead of the the road. We took a safri (I call it of our car appeared to be suspended usual three—to be ready to serve that) into the Pondi Jungle, which into space; 1 closed my eyes end within two hours. I returned to the was thrilling. We left in a pick-up prayed for everyone. At one poine house ahalf-hour ahead of our "un- truck with a power wagon following we walled down the side of a moun- planned" company, to find the table carrying fuel, spare parts, and two tain to see a falls which rushes and set beautifully with a lovely flower extra drivers—one never travels here tumbles down a sheer rock cliff for arrangement, everything under con- «pith less than two cars. We were mak- 2,000 feet—the noise alone is frighten- trol in the kitchen. We served 14 peo- ing atrek to the Yacapani River—dud ing. Ihad considerable trouble malting ple without tiny confusion all because had to scout a road job which the Bo- the climb back up the mountain, was of Emma. I might add it was delicious livian government wants built. We panting like a tired old dog. The food, even to hot rolls and a pie made made our own trail, hacking our way young man with ~s was trying to help all in that short time, The Indians along. Since bridges are unheard of me and kept saying "breathe slowly working for one are very anxious to here and Bolivia is threaded with riv- and through your nose or else you show-off, so will kill themselves doing ers we spent a great deal of our time will catch a terrible cold." everything perfectly. I shall be one being towed through water. The jun- "Look, I don't care how in the heck spoiled "witch" when we return to the gle was wonderful: strange birds, and I breathe, just give me some air ar States—all we do is dress ourselves. hundreds of bright yellow chattering else some wings for my feet!" I finally Last Sunday we were guests at a monkeys. We were met by suspicious said. We were at an alritude of 11,400 Bolivian luncheon party, starting at Indians peeking out of the foliage, all feet—the air is very thin and cold, just 12.30 and lasting until S. We ate and carrying knives and bow and arrows. not any oxygen. Well, I saw the falls, drank until I thought I'd collapse, They were apparently as afraid of us After some hours of touring we After the lunch we were invited over as «Te were of them; even so we did started down into the jungle, sudden to some friends for dinner and cards. not try to overstay our welcome, change of scenery from the bleak Bud and I left around midnight, getting• out of there in short time. Andean Mountains into this rich headed for bed, but some of our 'This week Bud took Mary and me green growth. We had our picnic friends decided the Halls was a fine with him itxto the Caroni and ChaCha lunch in a mahogany grove—sand- place in which to "party it up." We Jungle country. The company is wiches, pickles, cake, and tea with finally fell into bed at 4.30 1VIonday building a road into this area for tfie cognac—such fun. On our return trip morning. We have had a phonograph- purpose of constructing a power plant we stopped at the company carr►p, radio console loaned to us with a won- and dam to supply more electrical which is perched out on a rock ledge derful collection of recordings. Our power to Bolivia. We really saw rural overlooking a river and fertile green guests were showing us all the Bo- life here and many of the small vil- valley, bleak and windswept spot. livian folk dances, lovely but very ac- lag~es—poor, poor people. We left here Here we were served black, syrupy tive. It was fun. at 8 in the morning and started ascend- Bolivian coffee. The first sip guaran- Mary (the Hall's daughter) is with ing, asteady climb for four hours; tees to roll the head right off your us, which is wonderful for me as Bud just one long ]ooping, winding trail shoulders. Our return trip was a fast is away a great deal of the time. She up the mou:~tain—on one side the one as it was all down hill. arrived on the plane wearing four full mountain and on the other a tremen- So many amusing things happen petticoats, which were too big to pack, dous gorge; thousands of feet below a here. Bud noticed the other morning ...Continued on page 64

and Public Works 61

Highways CaFifornia CaFifornia

62 62

Division

Design Design

JARFFO

K. K.

W. W.

Anderson) C. C. Jack Jack (Mrs. (Mrs.

Freeway and and

Street Street

yours, truly truly

Very Very

ANDERSON B. B.

WILMA WILMA

FISHER E. E. DON DON

roads. wonderful wonderful

yours,

Sincerely Sincerely

again. you you

Thanking Thanking our

friends friends

eastern eastern

our our Shaw Shaw to to proud proud

magazine.

informative informative

and and edited, edited,

are

We We

State. State.

the the in in traveling traveling

of of lot lot

publication.

well-

interesting, interesting, an an

for for

you you

gratulate gratulate

do do

we we

people people the

from from away away

engineering engineering not not

are are taken taken

to to or or

added added

be be

con- we we

May May

Works. Works.

Public Public

and and

¢vays ¢vays

While While

should family. family. our our by by that that much much

nothing nothing very very of of

think think can can I I

High-

California California

receiving receiving appreciate appreciate

enjoyed

is is

magazine magazine The The

Six: Six:

DEAx DEAx

Angeles. Los Los of of I I City City deeply the the and and husband husband My My Srx: Srx: DEnx DEnx

for freeways freeways of of

design design with with work work EditoY my my ADa~s, ADa~s, C. C. K. K.

Works

Public Public

in as as

well well as as PASADENA

situation situation

highway highway state state

c~nd

High~zvays High~zvays

California California

my on on posted posted me me keeps keeps

It It

magazine. magazine.

HIGHWAYS

OF OF PROUD PROUD

LIKE LIKE YOU YOU GLAD GLAD the having having for for gratification gratification extreme extreme

my express express I I may may Again Again Six: Six: DEnx DEnx

WaLL S. S. M. M.

E. E. PAULIN

NOAH NOAH

Editor

C. C. K. K. ADAMS, ADAMS,

yours,

Faithfully Faithfully

sincerely, Very Very ANGELES LOS LOS

York. New New in in lives lives

now now and and

California California

issues.

POSTED

KEEPS KEEPS

raised raised

was was

who who

son son

my my to to goes goes past our our all all for for you you thank thank

we we

and and

have I I

copy copy Every Every

Works. Works. Public Public information, considerable considerable

and and pages pages

and

Highways Highways

California California without without its

from from pleasure pleasure

great great get get We We

E. E. COGSWELL JAMES JAMES

not not

would would I I ADAMS: ADAMS: MR. MR.

DEAR DEAR

proud. be be can can

fornians fornians

yours,

Sincerely Sincerely

Cali- we we which which Editor of of one one C. C. ADAMS, ADAMS, and and K. K. lication, lication,

pub-

fine fine

really really a a is is Works Works Public Public wishes. qnd qnd Best Best 4 Francisco Francisco San San

years. S. S. WALL Highways many many MYRON MYRON for for California California it it receive receive to to hope hope GErrTLEMEN: GErrTLEMEN:

and relish relish with with months months ~tEADER two two AVID AVID

every every

Works

Public Public

magazine your your to to

forward forward

look look I I

and Highways Highways California California

Pottol) County. A. A. Charles Charles

Bucks Bucks in in (Mrs. (Mrs. council council

road road

CALIFORNIA

ANG~~IN, ANG~~IN,

local

the the to to thence thence and and POTTOL LEE LEE friends friends some some LAURA LAURA to to

THANKS

OF OF

LETTER LETTER

goes it it ANOTHER ANOTHER where where England England to to on on it it

send send

yours,

Sincerely Sincerely

I magazine magazine your your read read have have I I After After

home. from from far far so so

him him to to

work.

construction construction

in in

engaged engaged am am

come it it

have have to to

Bureau

comfort" comfort"

great great Touring Touring "a "a

was was

as as me me to to

interesting interesting very very

are are tracts tracts

and and Manager

magazine, magazine,

DuxE, DuxE, A. A. your your in in

C. C. H. H.

them them seen seen

con- of of

award award and and

costs costs

freeways, freeways, of of

had

he he things; things;

these these about about knew knew

he he ASSOCIATION

construction on on

articles articles The The

vantage. vantage.

told told he he

and and

AUTOMOBILE STATE STATE

developments, developments,

CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA freeway freeway

ad-

to to

more more

travel travel

of of

routes routes

primary primary

various

the the

see see to to

around around him him

took took

the sincerely, using using

as as very very Yours Yours as as well well

highways highways nia's nia's

Korea, Korea,

from from

returned returned

he he When When

Califor- of of more more

investigating investigating

my my to to anywhere.

published published

be be

gave.

led

has has

it it

that that

know, know, I I

certain, certain,

am am I I to

type type its its

of of

magazine magazine

finest finest the the

is is

it it you

service service

fine fine the the to to

reaction reaction

his his

gained.

been been has has

highways highways

California California

question,

without without

that that

believe believe We We

hear to to pleased pleased

be be

will will You You

Korea. Korea. in in

appreciation appreciation

greater greater a a

publication publication

particular.

in in

then

department, department, was was

who who this this to to

ence ence L. L. Pottol, Pottol,

Harry Harry

son, son,

this

of of

pages pages

the the

From From

years. years.

two two past past

refer-

and and

our

to to information information of of

source source Woyks Woyks

uable uable Public Public

and and

Highzvgys Highzvgys

the

for for

magazine magazine fine fine

your your

receive receive

val-

most most is is a a

Works Works California Public Public and and send send to to ways ways

you you

asked asked I I

ago ago

pleasure pleasure

a a

real real

been been has has

It It

SIR: SIR:

High- California California years two two appreciate, appreciate, will will About About you you AvaMS: AvaMS: Mx. Mx. DEnx DEnx

sure are are we we

As As

AnnMS: AnnMS:

Mx. Mx. Editor DEnx DEnx

ADAMS ADAMS C. C.

K. K.

AIR. AIR.

Editor

ADAMS, ADAMS, C. C. KENNETH KENNETH MR. MR.

ARCADIA

Editor

ADAMS ADAMS C. C. K. K.

MR. MR.

4~ 4~ CALIFORNIA BERKELEY BERKELEY

INTERESTING

ARTICLES ARTICLES

INFORMATION

OF OF

SOURCE SOURCE SERVICE F1NE F1NE

• 1 1

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' / / ( ( THANKS FROM YREKA AN ENGLNEER WRITES REMINISCING CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF YREKA MANHAT'T'AN BEACH ATASCADERO~ CALIFORNIA Mx. K. C. ADnMS, Editor California Highways and Mx. KENNrTx C. AnaMS, Editor DEAR MR. ADAMS: I W011~d at tI11S Public Works DEnx Six: One of my neighbors loaned me a couple of time like to express our appreciation GENTLEMEN: I find your magazine copies of your wonderful magazine. for your fine work in the magazine. to be not only very interesting but article in Up here where distances are greater also very instructive. I have always I have read every both of between towns, highways are of prime been greatly interested in this publi- them and think they are very fine. importance. Your published study on cation as roads or highways have oc- The one about the new double bridge Camarillo is one that will be saved for cupied my attention for a long time. across Carquinez Strait was very inter- future reference as the time will come I was a draftsman and then a chief of esting to me. At the time the first when some of the towns in this area party with the former Los Angeles bridge was opened in 1926 I drove the will be bypassed. County Highway Commission from first bus load of passengers over on Thanks. again. November, 1909, to the latter part of the eastern trip to Salt Lake for the old Yelloway Stages. Sincerely yours, January, 1911. Arthur Loder was chief engineer and S. V. Cortelyou I am an old freight and bus driver— HARRY CREBBIN was office engineer. having started to drive in California in Secretary-Manager 1917 over all the old grades—San Juan, Sincerely, Cuesta, Grapevine, Donner Summit, FROM AN EDITOR E. L. YouNG Peach Tree, Santa Cruz and Lakeport, DEAR BROTHER EDITOR: to name a few. I can appreciate what MAGAZINE I~ELPFUL this State has done for the motorist in I appreciate your California Higl~- the way of modern grades and free- zur~ys crud Public WoYks very highly. California High~zvr~ys gncl ways. When I finish reading them I pass Public Works At 74 I am still driving and as I live them on to others. GENTLEMEN: We have found your on US 101, I drive a few miles on that I regard the publication as a sibnal magazine very helpful in our work, highway every day. It is a lot diff- public service. It gives information and think it is most informative and erent than when I drove over this freely on where our money is spent beautifully prepared. Thanks very same highway for the old Pickwick and we can look the work over at3d cordially. stages as it was atwo-lane, 18-foot form our own opinion as the benefits Yours very truly, road then. show up. At times I get to reminiscing over TOFFELMIER & TORBUTT EDWIN F. JACKSON *he old means of San Francisco bay Editor and Business Manager REALTY CO. By H. E. ToxsuTT transportation; the old Broadway Engineers Hall News ferry to Oakland and ferry to Sausa- lito and across from Point Richmond; ENJOYS STATE HIGHWAYS LIKES MAGAZINE the old drag over San Juan Grade, full BERKELEY truck and two trailers in low gear all LAGUI~TA BEACH the way and no brakes ' on either Calif ornicz Highways and 1~~IR. K. C. ADAMS Public WoYks trailer: Do the drivers of today with Sc~cra~ento, Calif arnia DEax Six: Calif oynia High~zuays and modern equipment and freeways and Public Woyks is the most interesting easy GErrTLE~Err: Have been reading grades really appreciate what magazine I receive, and we subscribe California has done for motoring the Calif oYnia Highways crncl Public the to several. public] WoYks publication for the past few The last edition was very fine (as This is my years .with interest and have enjoyed thank you to the Divi- are all of them), as it dealt with our sion of Highways and the Department keeping abreast of the development Santa Ana Freeway "close to home." throughout the State. I have been of Public Works. Want you to know how much I Very respectfully, traveling throughout the State rather appreciate your sending me the pub- regularly and certainly do enjoy our lication. FRANK H. GRIFFIN fine_ highway system and its develop- Sincerely yours, ment. THE DANGEROUS FEW WILL HOPE It therefore gives me pleasure to There's a small minority of drivers express my appreciation for the fine who don't seem to be able to drive work your body is d~'ing and for the THAT'S A LOT according to common sense rules. privilege of reading your publication America's 58,000,000 cars, trucks They zoom in and out of traffic, tal~- from time to time as it reaches my and busses consume an average of ing chances right and left. The only home. more than 120,000,000 gallons of gaso- protection abainst them is to be con- Very truly, line each day, reports the California stantly alert and give them a wide H. H. CzLESSNER State Automobile Association. berth. and Public Works 63

Highways California California

64 64

W. W. ScoTT Fxar~x Fxar~x

do. do. zens zens funds. drivers. dangerous dangerous for for alert alert

some some citi-

more more than than little little perhaps perhaps a a high`vay forest forest through through Government Government constantly be be to to passengers passengers your your and and

highways modern modern

by by these these so so appreciate appreciate the the Federal be be provided provided to to 000, 000, yourself to to it it owe owe you you but but traffic, traffic, in in

years years and 40 40

for for ning ning nearly nearly engines engines $885,- is is park, park, roadside roadside a a include include will will vehicles the the motor motor all all watch watch can't can't you you

plan- and and

a a

research research

been been We We have have which project, project, the the of of cost cost Estimated Estimated Obviously others. others. of of the the that that as as well well

1940.

January, January, since since users users stant stant County. Douglas Douglas SO SO in in Highway Highway S. S. U. U. as driving driving own own your your for for responsible responsible

been been con- have have

and and Freeway Freeway Pasadena Pasadena on Tahoe, Tahoe, Lake Lake at at Rock Rock Cave Cave through through be must must You You Association. Association. Automobile Automobile

we we right right live live

as as matter, matter, inasmuch inasmuch tunnel second second of of a a boring boring 1956 1956 the the on on State California California the the says says responsibility, responsibility,

that for for several several years years

for for

and and recently, recently, in early early due due start start to to is is Construction Construction -way two is is a a automobile automobile an an Driving Driving

featured have have you you pictures pictures freeway freeway

TUNNEL ROCK ROCK CAVE CAVE NEW NEW RESPORISI~ELIYY TWO -WAY -WAY

splendid the the appreciate appreciate We We also also

to to frame. enough enough

is is

grand grand

cover cover

concrete. resulting resulting the the of of change change be be not not shall shall concrete concrete

for for

gregate gregate

good. good. That very very so so is is and and today today volume came came

on on

importantly importantly

more more and and

strength strength ag- ag- coarse coarse of of

value value

sedimentation sedimentation

effects effects on its its just is is in in number number October October real real that that - The The

September

improvement improvement

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BUILDING

READ READ

JURIGLE JURIGLE value 5. 5. maximum maximum FIhID11VGS This This than than greater greater GOODWIN J. KNIGHT Governor of California

CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY COMMISSION FRANK B. DURKEE Director of Public Works and Chairman H. STEPHEN CHASE Sacramento JAMES A. GUTHRIE, Vice Chairman San Bernardino ROBERT E. McCLURE Santa Monica F. WALTER SANDELIN Ukiah FRED W.SPEERS . Escondido CHESTER H. WARLOW Fresno C. A. MAGHETTI, Secretary Davis T. FRED BAGSHAW . Assistant Director A. H. NENDERSON Deputy Director C. M. "MAX" GILLISS Deputy Director

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS GEO. T. McCOY State Highway Engineer, Chief of Division 1. W. VICKREY Depufy Sfate Highway Engineer CHAS. E. WAITE Depufy Sfate Highway Engineer EARL WITHYCOMBE Assistant State Nighway Engineer F. W. PANHORSi Assistant State Highway Engineer 1. C. WOMACK Assistant State Highway Engineer R. H. WILSON Assistant State Highway Engineer F. N. HVEEM Materials and Research Engineer GEORGE F. HELLESOE Maintenance Engineer J. C. YOUNG Engineer of Design G. M. WEBB Traffic Engineer MILTON HARRIS Construction Engineer H. B. LA FORGE Engineer of Federel Secondary Roads DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND Administrative and Fiscal Service Projects C. E. BOVfY Engineer of Cify and Cooperative OF WAY EARL E. SORENSON Equipment Engineer RIGHTS EARL W. HAMPTON Assistant State Architect, Administrative H. C. McCARTY Ofifice Engineer Legal J. A. LEGARRA Plaa~ing Engineer HENRY R. CROWLE fiscal Assistant J. P. MURPHY Principal Highway Engineer ROBERT E. REED . Chief Counsel THOMAS MERET Construction Budgets Architect F. M. REYNOLDS .. Principal Highway Engineer GEORGE C. HADLEY Assistant Chief WADE 0. HALSTEAD E. 1. SALDINE . Principal Highway Engineer HOLLOWAY JONES Assistant Chief Principal Estimator of Building Construction Engineer—Planning A. L. ELLIOTi Bridge Standards Architect I. 0. JAHLSTROM Bridge Engineer—Operations STANTON WILLARD J. E. McMAHON Bridge Engineer—Southern Area DIVISION OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY Design and Planning Service L. C. HOLLISiER Projects Engineer—Carquinez TOLL CROSSINGS E. R. HIGGINS . Comptroller P. T. POAGE NORMAN C. RAAB Chief of Division Assistant State Architect, Design and Planning Right of Way Department BEN BALALA Principal Bridge Engineer ROBERT M. LANDRUM Chief Architectural Coordinator FRANK C. BALFOUR Chief Right of Way Agent ARTHUR F. DUDMAN Principal Architect, Sacramento E. F. WAGNER Deputy Chief Right of Way Agent JAMES A. GILLEM . Principal Architect, Los Angeles GEORGE S. PINGRY Assistant Chief DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Assistant Chief CHARLES PETERSUN R. S. J. PIANEZZI Engineer, Los Angeles E. M. MacDONALD Assistant Chief HARVEY 0. BANKS Principal Structural Acting State Engineer, Acting Chief of Division CARL A. HENDERLONG Principal Mechanical and Electrical Engineer BERRY Acting Assistant WILLIAM L. L. Chief Architectural Draftsman B. W. BOOKER Assistant State Highway Engineer State Engineer, Water Resources Investiga- CLIFFORD IVERSON tions, Central Valley Project, Irrigation Districts GUSTAV B. VEHN Supervising Specifications Writer VII District W. G. SCHULZ Atfing Assistant State Engineer, JOHN S. MOORE Supervisor of Special Projects P. 0. HARDING Assistant State Highway Engineer Sacramento River Flood Control Project, Su- pervision of Safety of Dams, Sacramento•San Construction Service District Engineers Joaquin Water Supervision CHARLES M. HERD Chief Construction Engineer ALAN S. HART District I, Eureka L. C. JOPSON Principal Hydraulic Engi- CHARLES H. BOCKMAN 1. W. TRASK District II, Redding neer, Water Rights and Wafer Quality Investigations Assistant to Chief Construction Engineer A. M. HASH District III, Marysville MAX BOOKMAN J. P. SINCLAIR . District IV, San Francisco Principal Hydraulic Engineer, Los Angeles Office AREA CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISORS District IV, San Francisco L. A. WEYMOUTH HENRY HOLSINGER Principal Attorney CURRAN Area I, Oakland L. L. FUNK (Acting) District V, San Luis Obispo THOMAS M. W. L. WELCH District VI, Fresno T. R. MERRYWEATHER Administrative Officer J. WILLIAM COOK Area II, Sacramento GEORGE LANGSNER . 4 District VII, Los Angeles CLARENCE T. TROOP Area III, Los Angeles E. T. TELFORD District VI I, Los Angeles C. V. KANE . District VI II, San Bernardino DIVISION OF ARCHITECTURE AREA STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IX, Bishop SCHOOLHOUSE SECTION F. E. BAXTER District ANSON BOYD State Architect, Lhief of Division JOHN G. MEYER District X, Stockton MANLEY W. SAHLBERG Area I, San Francisco J. District XI, San Diego HUBERT S. HUNTER . Deputy Chief of Division DEKEMA M. A. fWING Area II, Sacramento HOWARD C. WOOD Bridge Engineer ROBERT W. FORMHAL$ State-owned Toil Bridges Administrative Assistant fo State Architect ERNST MAAG Area III, Los Angeles

printed Jfi CALIFORNIA 5'tATE PRINTING OFFICH 25055 70-55 A0,300 ~-~m Y.

SEC. 34.66 P. L. & R. California Highways and Public Works E`~ 3 1 fr'. U. S. POSTAGE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS P. O. Box 1499 PAID SACRAMENTO. CALIFORNIA Sacramento, Cal. Permit No. 152 RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED

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