DOCSLIB.ORG

Ultrastructural Changes on the Synovial Membrane of Rat Temporomandibular Joint Under Mild Restraint and Cold Stresses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ultrastructural Changes on the Synovial Membrane of Rat Temporomandibular Joint Under Mild Restraint and Cold Stresses Korean J. Oral. Med. Vol. 26, No. 3, 2001 Ultrastructural Changes on the Synovial Membrane of Rat Temporomandibular Joint under Mild Restraint and Cold Stresses Jung-Kyun Ryu, D.M.D.,M.S.D, Kyung-Hwan Mun, D.M.D., Yang-Hyun Chun, D.M.D.,M.S.D.,Ph.D., Jung-Pyo Hong, D.M.D.,M.S.D.,Ph.D. Department of Oral Diagnosis & Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University CONTENTS various organs at cellular and molecular levels starting with cellular responses to injury: cell Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION adaptive response, cell stress response (production Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS of stress protein), reversible cell injury and Ⅲ. RESULTS ultimately irreversible cell injury such as apoptosis Ⅳ. DISCUSSION (programmed cell death)3),4) In that way, the Ⅴ. CONCLUSIONS extremely complex self-regulating system can alter REFERENCES the internal functions down and cause various KOREAN ABSTRACT diseases1)5) Modern medicine has relatively little interest in cognitive functions, psychological Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION techniques, or the effects of naunces of belief, faith, self-suggestion, or yogic exercises on the internal Nowadays, everyone seems to be talking about functions in treatment regimens. On the other side stress. You hear it not only in daily conversation but of the therapeutic coin, psychology has fostered few also through television, radio, the newspapers and formal applications for medicine. There are, the constantly increasing number of conferences, however, emerging concepts of the cause and stress centers and university courses that are treatment of emotional, psychosomatic, and related devoted to the topic. Stress, one type of the problems, now popularly designated as stress- interaction, is the nonspecific response of the body related problems, that are directed toward both to any demand.1) In the course of daily life, there is psychophysiological relationships in health and a continuous ongoing interaction between the illness and the influences of higher-order mental individual and environment.2) Stress can have an function.1) So the term 'psychoneuroimmunology' effect on human body which is apt to maintain has developed in order to elucidate the relationship homeostasis and modulate three main systems such between psychosocial stress and diseases. There are as autonomic nervous system, the hormonal system many stress-related symptoms and diseases in the and immune response system.1) Then, it can affect orofacial tissue such as lichen planus, aphthous 205 Jung-Kyun Ryu, Kyung-Hwan Mun, Yang-Hyun Chun, Jung-Pyo Hong stomatitis, geographic tongue, recurrent herpes immediately and stored in the glutaraldehyde in labialis, xerostomia, halitosis, burning mouth phosphate buffer (PB) after rinsed in PB. syndrome, muscle tension headache, atypical odontalgia and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). 2. Electron Microscopy 6) Among the stress-related orofacial diseases, although increasing attention has been recently The tissues were rinsed in 0.1 M cacodylate addressed to TMD, the pathologic mechanism of buffer 3 times 10 min each, postfixed in 1% osmium TMD induced by stress remains vague. Like most tetroxide for 90 min, and rinsed in 0.1 M malate joint diseases, TMD is associated with alterations in buffer 3 times 5 min each. They were prestained the synovial membrane.7) It is essential to observe with 1% uranyl acetate for 90 min and washed in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial cell layers 0.1M malate buffer 3 times 5 min each, and in respond to a broad variety of stress condition dehydrated through an ascending series of ethanol because synovial membrane plays an important role concentration (50% to 100%, 15 min each). And in maintaining normal joint physiology while they they were placed in 100% ethanol and prophylene can be easily affected by stress like other membrane oxide (1:1) for 45 min, prophylene oxide for 45 min, boundaries between fluid and tissue compartment and prophylene oxide and epon (1:1) for 1 hr. After such as salivary glands, esophagus, vagina and then, they were placed in epon in a vacuum oven ovarian granulosa cells.8) In order to have a better overnight, embedded with fresh epon which was understanding of the pathologic mechanism in TMD, polymerized at 60 ℃ for 3 days. The embedded emphasizing the significant role of stress in the tissues were cut with a diamond knife 50 nm thick disease, the present study was performed to and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. investigate the cellular adaptability and the The tissues were observed by the transmission ultrastructural change of TMJ synovial membrane electron microscopy (JEM-1010, JEOL Ltd, Japan). under physical and psychological stress. Ⅲ. RESULTS Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the normal control group, many rough 1. Experimental animals endoplasmic reticulum(rER), mitochondria were observed in a normal synovial cell. Sprague-Dawley rats (8-week-old, 323-367 In the mild restraint stress group, in lapse of time, g/bw) were purchased from Dae-Han Experimental according to the mild restraint stress, ultra- Animal Research Center, Seoul, Korea. They were structural changes appeared gradually. maintained at 20-23℃ and fed ad libitum on a normal laboratory diet. The rats were divided into 1. Mitochondria were partially condensed, and the 3 groups: 1) Normal control group; 2) Mild restraint number and the size of mitochoundria were stress group; 3) Cold stress group : the rats of decresed gradually. restraint stress group were placed in the stress 2. rERs were gradually dilated with irregular shape. cage permitting slight movement throughout the 3. Double layer of nuclear envelope were slightly period of experiment and the rats of cold stress corrugated at day 7. group were immersed in cold water (4℃) for 6 min once a day throughout the experiment. All the In the cold stress group, in lapse of the time, animals were then sacrificed at day 1, 3, 5, and 7 according to the cold stress, ultrastructural changes day of the experiment and the synovial membrane are as follows. of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) were excised 206 Ultrastructural Changes on the Synovial Membrane of Rat Temporomandibular Joint under Mild Restraint and Cold Stresses Fig. 1. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 2. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 3. The TMJ synovial membrane of the normal control rat. of the rat under mild of the rat under mild (X10,000) restraint stress at day 1 of restraint stress at day 3 of the experiment. (X10,000) the experiment. (X10,000) Fig. 4. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 5. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 6. The TMJ synovial membrane of the rat under mild of the rat under mild of the rat under cold stress restraint stress at day 5 of restraint stress at day 7 of at day 1 of the experiment. the experiment. (X10,000) the experiment. (X10,000) (X10,000) 1. Mitochondria had shown slight swelling shapes, changed to dilated pattern at day 1, 3, but were and were decreased in number at day 1, 3, but gradually recovered and activated at day 5, 7. again increased in number at day 5, 7, with very 3. Nucleus was almost intact in all cold stress sound shapes. group during all period of the experiment. 2. The lamellated structures of the rER were 207 Jung-Kyun Ryu, Kyung-Hwan Mun, Yang-Hyun Chun, Jung-Pyo Hong Fig. 7. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 8. The TMJ synovial membrane Fig. 9. The TMJ synovial membrane of the rat under cold stress of the rat under cold stress of the rat under cold stress at day 3 of the experiment. at day 5 of the experiment. at day 7 of the experiment. (X10,000) (X10,000) (X10,000) Ⅳ. DISCUSSION the central nervous system without any contact with the organism. Common stressors of this type Stress is defined as a complex dynamic condition include immobilization or restraint.10) Two types of in which normal homeostasis is disturbed.9) The stressors have been widely used to illustrate the physiological stress response comprises three main influence of stress on the body. Stresses may be systems such as autonomic nervous system, further classified into psychological stress, social hormonal system and immune response system.1) stress, economic stress and physiological stress.1) The systems are extremely complex and One of the most important pathways involved in self-regulating, involve multiple causal factors, and stress is HPA axis(Hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal key basic functions of them are surveillance, axis).(AP : Harris GW 1948) When stress activates mobilization of resources and feedback. Depending the HPA axis, glucocorticoids are massively on the type and degree of stress, the tissue secreted by adrenal cortex. the HPA axis is response to it could be physiologic or pathologic. If stimulated by corticotrophin-releasing factor(CRF), stress exceeds adaptability of the tissue, it may resulting in a down-regulation of immune function. affect various organs starting with alterations at Stress-induced aterlation in endocrine function and cellular and molecular levels by cellular responses potential pathophysiologic effects of endocrine to injury: cell adaptive response, cell stress change lead to a depletion of subject's ability to response (production of stress protein), reversible resist stress, which ultimately leads to the disease cell injury, and ultimately irreversible cell injury process.11) such as apoptosis. (programmed cell death)3),4) The HPA axis releasing endogenous glucocor- This distinction identifies stressors as 'physical' ticoid is thought to play a role in the stress or 'psychological.' Physical stressors have direct responses including apoptosis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Treatment of Herpes Labialis with a Diode Laser (970 Nm) — a Field Study
    I clinical article The treatment of herpes labialis with a diode laser (970 nm)—a field study DrSimoneSuppelt AbstrAct Herpes labialis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus HSV 1 and, less frequently, HSV 2. In dental prac - tices the diode laser is mainly used in periodontology, endodontics and minimally invasive surgery. Many of those affected by herpes are unaware that laser treatment can successfully alleviate their symptoms. In this field study, 11 patients who suffer from acute herpes were treated with a 970 nm diode laser. The areas which the patients described as being affected by herpes were irradiated at a distance of 1 –3 mm (2.0 W, 10 Hz, 50 % duty cycle, 320 µm optical fiber). Several patients felt the symptoms subside during the treatment. For the majority of patients, the symptoms did not occur again after treatment. All of the patients were satisfied with the treatment. Laser treatment of herpes labialis using a 970 nm diode laser is an effective way for me to help my patients both quickly and simply. Keywords Diode laser, 970 nm, herpes labialis, HSV Introduction An outbreak of herpes labialis can be accompanied by var - ious symptoms. As a rule, in the early stages such symptoms With a wavelength of 970 nm and a maximum output of include dry lips and a tingling/itching sensation. In subsequent 7W cw, the SIROLaser Advance dental diode laser has a wide stages, swelling and a feeling of tightness occur which can range of indications. In my practice, the laser is mainly used rapidly be accompanied by a sensation of burning or other in periodontology and endodontics to reduce germs in pock - sense of pain.
    [Show full text]
  • VALTREX (Valacyclovir Hydrochloride) Caplets Hypersensitivity to Valacyclovir (E.G., Anaphylaxis), Acyclovir, Or Any Initial U.S
    Valacyclovir oral suspension (25 mg/mL or 50 mg/mL) can be prepared from HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION the 500 mg VALTREX Caplets. (2.3) These highlights do not include all the information needed to use VALTREX safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for --------------------- DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS -------------- VALTREX. Caplets: 500 mg (unscored), 1 gram (partially scored) (3) -------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS------------------------ ® VALTREX (valacyclovir hydrochloride) Caplets Hypersensitivity to valacyclovir (e.g., anaphylaxis), acyclovir, or any Initial U.S. Approval: 1995 component of the formulation. (4) ---------------------------RECENT MAJOR CHANGES -------------------- ----------------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ---------------- Indications and Usage, Pediatric Patients (1.2) 9/2008 • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome Dosage and Administration, Pediatric Patients (2.2, 2.3) 9/2008 (TTP/HUS): Has occurred in patients with advanced HIV disease and in ----------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE--------------------- allogenic bone marrow transplant and renal transplant patients receiving VALTREX is a nucleoside analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for: 8 grams per day of VALTREX in clinical trials. Discontinue treatment if Adult Patients (1.1) clinical symptoms and laboratory findings consistent with TTP/HUS • Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis) occur. (5.1) • Genital Herpes • Acute renal failure: May occur in elderly patients (with or without •
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrum of Lip Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital: an Epidemiological Study of 3009 Indian Patients
    Brief Report Spectrum of Lip Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Epidemiological Study of 3009 Indian Patients Abstract Shivani Bansal, Aim: Large‑scale population‑based screening studies have identified lip lesions to be the most Sana Shaikh, common oral mucosal lesions; however, few studies have been carried out to estimate the prevalence Rajiv S. Desai, of lip lesions exclusively. The aim of present study is to highlight the diversity of lip lesions and determine their prevalence in an unbiased Indian population. Materials and Methods: Lip lesions Islam Ahmad, were selected from 3009 patients who visited the department over a period of 3 years (January Pavan Puri, 2012 to December 2014). Age, sex, location of lip lesions, a detailed family and medical history, Pooja Prasad, along with the history of any associated habit was recorded. Biopsy was carried out in necessary Pankaj Shirsat, cases to reach a final diagnosis. The pathologies of the lip were classified based on the etiology. Dipali Gundre Results: Among 3009 patients, 495 (16.5%) had lip lesions ranging from 4 years to 85 years with a Department of Oral Pathology, mean age of 39.7 years. There were 309 (62.4%) males and 185 (31.9%) females. Lower lip was the Nair Hospital Dental College, most affected region (54.1%) followed by the corner of the mouth (30.9%) and upper lip (11.7%). Mumbai Central, Mumbai, In 3.2% of the cases, both the lips were involved. Of the 495 lip lesions, the most common were Maharashtra, India Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMDs) (37.4%), herpes labialis (33.7%), mucocele (6.7%), angular cheilitis (6.1%), and allergic and immunologic lesions (5.7%).
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Herpes Simplex Virus Type-I Infections After Dental Procedures
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Jan 1;16 (1):e15-8. Extraction-related herpes Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology doi:10.4317/medoral.16.e15 Publication Types: Case Report http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.16.e15 Severe herpes simplex virus type-I infections after dental procedures Lara El Hayderi, Laurent Raty, Valerie Failla, Marie Caucanas, Dilshad Paurobally, Arjen F. Nikkels Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Liège, Belgium Correspondence: Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of Liège El Hayderi L, Raty L, Failla V, Caucanas M, Paurobally D, Nikkels AF. B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Severe herpes simplex virus type-I infections after dental procedures. [email protected] Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Jan 1;16 (1):e15-8. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v16i1/medoralv16i1p15.pdf Received: 05-01-2010 Article Number: 16956 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ Accepted: 30-03-2010 © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Background: Recurrences of herpes labialis (RHL) may be triggered by systemic factors, including stress, men- ses, and fever. Local stimuli, such as lip injury or sunlight exposure are also associated to RHL. Dental extraction has also been reported as triggering event. Case reports: Seven otherwise healthy patients are presented with severe and extensive RHL occurring about 2-3 days after dental extraction under local anaesthesia. Immunohistochemistry on smears and immunofluorescence on cell culture identified herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Systemic Levamisole And
    Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights (2019), 6, 33–38 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of systemic levamisole and antioxidant in the management of oral submucous fibrosis – A randomized control trial Anuja Anil Shinge1, Preeti Kanchan-Talreja1, Deepa Das1, Amita Navalkar1, Prakash S. Talreja2, Ashutosh Kakade3 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Y.M.T. Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 2Department of Periodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 3Department of Pharmacology, M.G.M Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Keywords: Abstract Cap. Antoxid, tab. levamisole, oral submucous Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, disabling disease involving fibrosis the entire oral mucosa, mainly reported in Indian population. A number of treatment Correspondence: modalities have been tried, but none of these have been completely therapeutic. Dr. Anuja Anil Shinge, Department of Levamisole, an immunomodulator, has been reported to be beneficial in oral mucosal Oral Medicine and Radiology, Y.M.T. lesions, but there are hardly any studies reported in literature for OSF patients, and Dental College and Hospital, Dr. G. D. Pol hence, the study was taken up. Foundations, Kharghar, Institutional Area, Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of levamisole with antioxidant for the Navi Mumbai - 410210. assessment of burning sensation and mouth opening in OSF patients. E-mail: [email protected] Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients clinically diagnosed of OSF were selected for the study. We assessed patients for burning sensation and mouth opening. Patients Received: 02 February 2019; were divided into four groups according to staging of OSF (More et al., classification), Accepted: 11 March 2019 then randomly subdivided into three groups to dispense medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Oral Infections.Pdf
    ORAL INFECTIONS Viral infections Herpes Human Papilloma Viruses Coxsackie Paramyxoviruses Retroviruses: HIV Bacterial Infections Dental caries Periodontal disease Pharyngitis and tonsillitis Scarlet fever Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium Syphilis -Treponema pallidum Actinomycosis – Actinomyces Gonorrhea – Neisseria gonorrheae Osteomyelitis - Staphylococcus Fungal infections (Mycoses) Candida albicans Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides Blastomyces dermatitidis Aspergillus Zygomyces CDE (Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine) 1 ORAL INFECTIONS VIRAL INFECTIONS • Viruses consist of: • Single or double strand DNA or RNA • Protein coat (capsid) • Often with an Envelope. • Obligate intracellular parasites – enters host cell in order to replicate. • 3 most commonly encountered virus families in the oral cavity: • Herpes virus • Papovavirus (HPV) • Coxsackie virus (an Enterovirus). DNA Viruses: A. HUMAN HERPES VIRUS (HHV) GROUP: 1. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS • Double stranded DNA virus. • 2 types: HSV-1 and HSV-2. • Lytic to human epithelial cells and latent in neural tissue. Clinical features: • May penetrate intact mucous membrane, but requires breaks in skin. • Infects peripheral nerve, migrates to regional ganglion. • Primary infection, latency and recurrence occur. • 99% of cases are sub-clinical in childhood. • Primary herpes: Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis. • 1% of cases; severe symptoms. • Children 1 - 3 years; may occur in adults. • Incubation period 3 – 8 days. • Numerous small vesicles in various sites in mouth; vesicles rupture to form multiple small shallow punctate ulcers with red halo. • Child is ill with fever, general malaise, myalgia, headache, regional lymphadenopathy, excessive salivation, halitosis. • Self limiting; heals in 2 weeks. • Immunocompromised patients may develop a prolonged form. • Secondary herpes: Recurrent oral herpes simplex. • Presents as: a) herpes labialis (cold sores) or b) recurrent intra-oral herpes – palate or gingiva.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Diseases Associated with Human Herpes Viruses: Aetiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management
    www.sada.co.za / SADJ Vol 71 No. 6 CLINICAL REVIEW < 253 Oral diseases associated with human herpes viruses: aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management SADJ July 2016, Vol 71 no 6 p253 - p259 R Ballyram1, NH Wood2, RAG Khammissa3, J Lemmer4, L Feller5 ABSTRACT Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are very prevalent DNA ACRONYMS viruses that can cause a variety of orofacial diseases. EM: erythema multiforme Typically they are highly infectious, are contracted early in HHV: human herpes virus life, and following primary infection, usually persist in a latent form. Primary oral infections are often subclinical, but may PCR: polymerase chain reaction be symptomatic as in the case of herpes simplex virus- HSV, HHV-1: herpes simplex virus induced primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Reactivation VZV, HHV-3: varicella-zoster virus of the latent forms may result in various conditions: herpes EBV, HHV-4: Epstein-Barr virus simplex virus (HSV) can cause recurrent herpetic orolabial CMV, HHV-5: cytomegalovirus lesions; varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause herpes zoster; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause oral hairy Key words: herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus-8, leukoplakia; and reactivation of HHV-8 can cause Kaposi varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, recurrent herpes sarcoma. In immunocompromised subjects, infections labialis, recurrent intraoral herpetic ulcers, treatment, val- with human herpesviruses are more extensive and aciclovir, aciclovir, famcicylovir. severe than in immunocompetent subjects. HSV and VZV infections are treated with nucleoside analogues aciclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir and penciclovir. These agents INTRODucTION have few side effects and are effective when started The human herpesvirus (HHV) family comprises a diverse early in the course of the disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Neutralizing Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Patients with Oral Cancer
    , .. Neutralizing Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Patients with Oral Cancer EDWARD J. SHILLITOE, BDS, PHD, DEBORAH GREENSPAN, BDS, JOHN'S. GREENSPAN, BDS, PHD, MRCPATH, LOUIS S. HANSEN, DDS, MS, AND SOL SILVERMAN JR, MA, DDS Neutralizing antibody to Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2, and measles virus was IQeasured in the serum of patients with oral cancer, patients with oral leukoplakia, and in control subjects who were smokers and nonsmokers. Significantly higher titers to HSV-1 were found in contrQJs who smoked than in controls who did not smoke. Patients with untreated oral cancer had HSV-1 neutralizing titers siQI~Iar to those of the controls who smqked, but those with later stage tumors bad higher titers tha!l those with earlier stage tumors. In patients who were tumor free after treatment for oral cancer, higher antibody titers to HSV-1 were associated with longer survival times. No association was found between clinical status and antibody to measles virus. The data are consistent with a role for both HSV-1 and smoking in the pathogenesis of orid cancer. Cancer 49:2315-2320, 1982. RAGMENTARY EVIDENCE has accumulated to sug­ neutralizing antib9dies in oral cancer patients, in pa­ F gest a connection between the H~rpes simplex vi­ tients with leukoplakia who are therefore at risk of de­ rus type 1 (HSV-1) and cancer of the mouth. 1 Lehner veloping oral cancer,9 in smokers, who also have an et al. 2 found an increased cell-medi~ted immune re­ incre&sed risk pf oral cancer, 10 and in control subjects sponse to HSV-1 in patients having oral leukoplakia who do not smoke.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Oral Medicine—A Review
    DOI: 10.5152/eurjther.2021.20080 Date: 30-June-21 Stage: Page: 177 Total Pages: 6 European Journal of Therapeutics DOI: 10.5152/eurjther.2021.20080 Review Applications of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Oral Medicine—A Review Mohamed Faizal Asan , G Subhas Babu , Renita Lorina Castelino , Kumuda Rao , Vaibhav Pandita Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, India ABSTRACT Applications of photobiomodulation (PBM) in dentistry have been of great interest in the recent times. It can both stimulate and sup- press biological effects. The property of PBM contributes to the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects. Photobiomo- dulation therapy (PBMT) has a wide variety of clinical applications that include wound healing, prevention of cellular death, promotion of repair mechanisms, reduction of inflammation, pain relief, etc. Hence, it is being used effectively in the field of oral medicine and has shown promising results in the management of oral mucosal lesions, orofacial pain, and other orofacial ailments without much signifi- cant adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to discuss the applications of PBMT in the field of oral medicine. Keywords: Lasers, mucositis, orofacial pain, photobiomodulation therapy, temporomandibular disease INTRODUCTION according to which, smaller doses have the ability to stimulate Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) a biological response, doses at medium range can impede, and massive doses can destroy.4 The technical specifications and was first produced in the year 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman. 7,8 Later in the late 1960s, Endre Mester developed a laser for ther- considerations of these lasers differ from the surgical lasers apeutic purposes, and he described the use of laser biostimula- (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Herpes Simplex Type-1 Virus Infection Michaeli A
    The scope ot oral medicine practice and practitioner competencies is evoijtiorary in nature. This section ol Quintessence International is cnmrnitted to presenting evidenced-based olinical practice guidelines in collaboration with oral and nonoral health care providers. Clinical Practice Guidelines Herpes simplex type-1 virus infection Michaeli A. Huber, Oral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus represents one ot the more oommon conditions the den- tal practitioner will be oalied upon to manage. Unique in its ability to eslablish iatency and undergo subse- quent recurrence, it is an ubiquitous intectious agent for which a cure does not exist. For the immunocom- petent patient, herpes virus simplex infection typicaiiy represents nothing more than a nuisance. However, for the immunooompromised patient, this infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recentiy introduced antiviral drug regimens may reduce the morbidity and potential mortality of the herpes simplex virus, especiaiiy in immunocompromised patients. The value of antivirai therapy in the manage- ment of recurrent herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompetent patient remains an area of con- tentious debate. (Quintessence Int 2003:34:453-467) ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY 1.5% per year up to tbe age of 50.-' Witb sucb bigb prevalence rates, it is clear tbat the vast majority (over Of the more than 80 berpes viruses, at least eigbt are 90%) of primary exposures result in either asympto- known to infect man.' An important feature common matic or mildly
    [Show full text]
  • Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis: Selected Therapeutic Options
    C LINICAL P RACTICE Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis: Selected Therapeutic Options • G. Wayne Raborn, DDS, MS • • Michael G. A. Grace, PhD • Abstract Recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), called herpes simplex labialis (HSL), is a global problem for patients with normal immune systems. An effective management program is needed for those with frequent HSL recurrences, particularly if associated morbidity and life-threatening factors are present and the patient’s immune status is altered. Over the past 20 years, a variety of antiviral compounds (acyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, vala- cyclovir) have been introduced that may reduce healing time, lesion size and associated pain. Classical lesions are preceded by a prodrome, but others appear without warning, which makes them more difficult to treat. Various methods of application (intravenous, oral, topical) are used, depending on whether the patient is experiencing recurrent HSL infection or erythema multiforme or is scheduled to undergo a dental procedure, a surgical proce- dure or a dermatological face peel (the latter being known triggers for recurrence). This article outlines preferred treatment (including drugs and their modes of application) for adults and children in each situation, which should assist practitioners wishing to use antiviral therapy. MeSH Key Words: antiviral agents/therapeutic use; drug administration routes; herpes labialis/drug therapy © J Can Dent Assoc 2003; 69(8):498–503 This article has been peer reviewed. nfection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), called in tissues such as the epithelium of the lips.3 The dormant herpes simplex labialis (HSL), is a continuing global virus then awaits a “trigger” to reactivate it.
    [Show full text]
  • Painful Lesions on the Tongue
    PHOTO CHALLENGE Painful Lesions on the Tongue Deirdre Connolly, MD; Michelle Pavlis, MD; Sara Moghaddam, MD copy not A 77-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recent pneumonia was treated with oral prednisone 40 mg daily, antibiotics, and a fluticasone-salmeterol inhaler. One week Dointo treatment, the patient developed painful lesions limited to the oral cavity. Physical examination revealed many fixed, umbilicated, white-tan plaques on the lower lips, tongue, and posterior aspect of the oropharynx. The dermatology department was consulted because the lesions failed to respond to nystatin oral suspension. What’s the diagnosis?CUTIS a. geometric tongue b. herpetic glossitis c. lichen planus d. lingua plicata e. median rhomboid glossitis Dr. Connolly is from the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Pavlis is from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Moghaddam is from Stony Brook School of Medicine, New York. The authors report no conflict of interest. Correspondence: Sara Moghaddam, MD, 38394 Dupont Blvd, Unit FG, Selbyville, DE 19975 ([email protected]). E4 CUTIS® WWW.CUTIS.COM Copyright Cutis 2016. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Photo Challenge Discussion The Diagnosis: Herpetic Glossitis ral lesions of the tongue are common during oral reactivation of HSV is exceedingly rare and the primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, though pathogenesis remains elusive, though one hypothesis most primary oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) proposes a protective role of salivary-specific IgA O 5 infections occur during childhood or early adult- and lysozyme.
    [Show full text]