3210 -HOUSE March 2, 1989 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, March 2, 1989 The House met at 9:30 a.m. The honored guests entered the door eousness like a mighty stream. This we The Chaplain, Rev. James David to the right of the Speaker and took pray. Amen. Ford, D.D., offered the following the positions assigned to them. The Doorkeeper announced the prayer: The Doorkeeper, Hon. James P. House and Senate Journals of the Speak to Your people, 0 loving God, Molloy, announced the President pro First Federal Congress, and they were of Your presence and hear the peti­ tempore and Members of the U.S. carried by the Clerk of the House and tions and needs of each one. Minister Senate, who entered the Hall of the the Secretary of the Senate and to us, 0 God, in the depths of our House of Representatives, the Presi­ placed in the well. hearts and hear the aspirations and dent pro tempore taking the at The Doorkeeper announced the hopes of each of us. We place before the right of the Speaker, and the mace of the House and the gavel of You the innermost feelings that we Members of the Senate the seats re­ the Senate, and they were carried by withhold from all else and pray that served for them. the House and Senate Sergeants at Your spirit will guide us each new day. The U.S. Army Band, under the di­ Arms and placed in the well. Amen. rection of Col. Eugene W. Allen, leader The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ and conductor, and Maj. C. Benjamin nizes the gentlewoman from Louisi­ DuBose, presented a prelude concert. THE JOURNAL ana, the Honorable LINDY BOGGS, The SPEAKER. The joint meeting Chairman of the Commission on the The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ to commemorate the Bicentennial of Bicentenary of the House of Repre­ amined the Journal of the last day's the U.S. Congress will come to order. sentatives. [Applause.] proceedings and announces to the The Doorkeeper announced the flag Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Vice House his approval thereof. of the . Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the The flag was carried into the Cham­ President, leaders of the House and Journal stands approved. ber by the joint Armed Forces color Senate, Members of the House and guard accompanied by the 3d U.S. In­ Senate, distinguished guests, ladies fantry Fife and Drum Corps. and gentlemen, it is my great honor to PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE The national anthem was presented welcome you to this joint meeting in commemoration of the 200th anniver­ The SPEAKER. Would the gentle­ by the U.S. Army Band. man from Rhode Island [Mr. MACHT­ The color guard saluted the Speaker, sary of Congress. This occasion is a LEY] please come forward and lead our faced about, and saluted the House. very special part of the celebration of colleagues in the Pledge of Allegiance? The SPEAKER. The color guard will the Bicentennial of Congress, which Mr. MACHTLEY led the Pledge of now post the colors. will be marked by historical publica­ Allegiance as follows: The flag was posted, and the Mem­ tions, ceremonies, exhibits, a special film, and other activities during 1989. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the bers were seated. United States of America, and to the Repub­ The SPEAKER. The invocation will All three branches of the Federal lic for which it stands, one nation, under be given by the Reverend James David Government trace their beginnings to God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for Ford, Chaplain of the House of Repre­ 1789, but it was Congress which assem­ all. sentatives. bled first, and successfully launched The Chaplain, Rev. James David the United States of America. So, it is RECESS Ford, D.D., offered the following invo­ fitting that the first branch assemble on this day in recognition of the noble The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the cation: With appreciation for Your provi­ work of our predecessors and in antici­ order of the House of Thursday, Feb­ pation of the events yet to come that ruary 23, 1989, the Chair declares the dence, with gratitude and praise, we thank You, Almighty God, for the will celebrate the executive and judi­ House in recess subject to the call of cial branches. the Chair, which will be at 10 a.m. blessings given to us and to our Nation in all the time before us. As today's ceremony began, officers Accordingly (at 9 o'clock and 32 min­ of the House and Senate brought into utes a.m.), the House stood in recess You have nurtured us and breathed into our souls the very breath of life; the Chamber some special objects that subject to the call of the Chair at 10 are dear to Congress. The two J our­ a.m. You have given direction in the dark days when hope was weak and spirits nals, one for the House and one for confused; You have shown the path of the Senate, contain the record of the 0 1158 truth as a beacon of light; You have beginning of Congress in 1789. Each redeemed us in forgiveness and point­ legislative day for the two centur­ JOINT MEETING OF THE 101ST ed the way to righteousness. Gracious ies the House and Senate have record­ CONGRESS IN COMMEMORA­ God, continue to touch the heart, the ed their actions and formally approved TION OF THE BICENTENNIAL mind, the spirit of our Nation that we their Journals. They represent our be­ OF THE U.S. CONGRESS will be faithful to the high calling You ginnings as a legislature, and they are During the recess, the following pro­ have given, to be the people You symbols of the unbroken record of two ceedings took place in commemoration would have us be and to do those centuries of representative govern­ of the Bicentennial of the U.S. Con­ things that honor You and serve the ment under the U.S. Constitution. gress. common good. These two particular copies of the The U.S. Army Band, under the di­ Accept our gratitude, 0 God of Journals were 's rection of Col. Eugene W. Allen, leader wisdom, for the gifts of life and hope personal copies and they are kept at and conductor, Maj. C. Benjamin that have been the of our the National Archives. DuBose, conducting, entered the door Nation. May we continue to know the The mace of the House of Repre­ to the left of the Speaker, took the po­ blessings of order, harmony, and peace sentatives, a silver eagle atop a silver sitions assigned to them, and ­ and continue in Your way that justice globe of the world, supported by 13 ed a prelude concert. will flow down as waters and right- ebony rods, each representing one of

0 This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., 0 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. March 2, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3211 the Original Thirteen States, is a government that would forge the citi­ States exploded the first atomic bomb, symbol of authority of the House. zens of these States into one people, a signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty This particular mace has been used government that would preserve do­ and recently agreed to abolish an since 1841, and is always in the Cham­ mestic tranquility and defend against entire class of nuclear weapons. We ber when the House is in session. foreign aggression, a government that built our first Interstate Highway The ivory gavel is one of the great would divide power into three System, made tremendous strides in treasures of the Senate. According to branches, with checks and balances national health care and landed men tradition, , the Nation's among them to prevent any part of it on the Moon and brought them back first Vice President, used the gavel at from becoming tyrannical. Moreover, safely again to their home on Earth. the first session of the Senate in 1789. it was a government and a nation that It is remarkable that one congres­ may have used this could grow. sional career could encompass so much same gavel to call the Senate to order In 1791 Congress voted to admit Ver­ of our Nation's history, and certainly when he was Vice President of the mont as the first new State outside CLAUDE PEPPER is a remarkable man. United States and President of the the original 13. Over the course of the Many of the rest of us can look back Senate from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson next two centuries, the Nation ex­ over our own careers in this Congress compiled his Manual of Parliamentary panded across the continent and to and similarly marvel at the momen­ Practice to guide him as he presided the Pacific and into the Pacific. Today tous events that we have witnessed, over the Senate. Those rules are still a majority of us represent States that the many Presidents with whom we consulted almost 200 years later. not only did not exist in 1789 but also have worked, the significant legisla­ Behind me on the Speaker's desk sits whose areas at that time lay under tion that we have helped enact. We an old silver inkwell that has been in foreign control. A map of 1789 would are all part of the history of this great the House for at least 168 years. It ap­ show my own State of West Virginia pears in a portrait of of as simply the western region of Virgin­ institution, even those of us who en­ Kentucky painted in 1821. Clay was ia, still 74 years and a bloody Civil tered Congress for the first time the first great Speaker of the House, War away from separate statehood. during the lOlst Congress and who are and went on to a distinguished career Whether those of us in this lOlst still learning their way about the cor­ as one of the greatest U.S. Senators in Congress represent one of the Original ridors of this magnificent Capitol. history. Thirteen States or one of the addition­ These Members, too, will have the op­ We have gathered these volumes al 37 States, the Commonwealth of portunity to make history. Perhaps and these special artifacts to remind Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, among these Members will be as tena­ us of the past and to show the conti­ and American Samoa, Guam or the cious a one as CLAUDE PEPPER, who will nuity of the traditions of Congress, Virgin Islands, we share a commonal­ still be serving in the 126th Congress, traditions which are as strong today as ity to our predecessors in the First 50 years from now. they were in the past. Congress, and we are here today as a If one Member among us eventually It is my great pleasure to introduce result of the work done by them and celebrates the 250th anniversary of to you Senator ROBERT c. BYRD, the by succeeding generations of Senators the Congress, I ask that member on President pro tempore of the Senate and Representatives. We have inherit­ behalf of all of my colleagues and on and the Chairman of the Senate Bi­ ed from them the responsibility for behalf of all of our predecessors give centennial Commission, who has con­ making the laws of this Nation, for de­ our successors this salute: May the tributed so much to our understanding termining the course today, and into Congress of the United States endure of the history and traditions of the the future centuries. We celebrate 200 forever, may here the people always Senate. His recently published history years of history, a proud accomplish­ govern. [Applause.] of the U.S. Senate is testimony to the ment of the democratic government The PRESIDENT pro tempore (pre­ great love he has for its traditions and and a representative national legisla­ siding). The Chair recognizes the for this great experiment in freedom­ ture. Speaker of the U.S. House of Repre­ the United States of America. Senator But 200 years is not so long a time. sentatives, Mr. . [Ap­ ROBERT c. BYRD. [Applause.] Consider that one Member of the plause.] Senator BYRD. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. lOlst Congress first took his oath Mr. WRIGHT. Two hundred years BOGGS, Members of the lOlst Congress, during the 74th Congress. CLAUDE ago the First Congress came to New fellow citizens, as Chairman of the PEPPER became a U.S. Senator in No­ York to breathe life into the new Con­ Senate Commission on the Bicenten­ vember 1936 and served in the Senate stitution and to make a reality of the nial, it is a privilege and an honor for until 1952. He became a Member of dream and promise of representative me to address this joint meeting com­ the House of Representatives in Janu­ self-government. memorating the beginning of the First ary 1963 and he continues ably and Members of the new Congress arriv­ Congress on March 4, 1789. faithfully to represent his district. ing in New York were greeted by flags, The ink had only barely dried on the [Applause.] musical salutes, church bells, and the new Constitution which two of the Think about his service which began roar of cannon. They, as well as the Original Thirteen States had not yet over 50 years ago, fully one-quarter of crowds that greeted them, were keenly ratified. The newly elected President, the two centuries that Congress has aware that they were plowing new George Washington, waited to be existed. CLAUDE PEPPER first took his ground. They were attempting to sworn into office; nor had the Vice oath of office as a Senator when create something unique in history. President taken his oath. Neither of Franklin D. Roosevelt was President Madison said, "We are in a wilderness the two constitutional officers of Con­ of the United States, when this Nation without a single footprint to guide us." gress, the Speaker of the House and was emerging from a devastating de­ There were 59 Representatives and the President pro tempore of the pression, and before it had faced 22 Senators representing those 11 Senate, had been elected. The Cabinet, global conflict in the Second World States which had ratified the new gov­ the Supreme Court, and the entire War. CLAUDE PEPPER first took his oath ernment at that point. Eight of them Federal judiciary remained mere of office as a Representative during had served as delegates to the Consti­ phrases in the Constitution, as yet un­ the Presidency of John F. Kenndy and tutional Convention. All but two of formed by legislation. a far more prosperous Nation was be­ them had served at some point in Members of the First Congress set ginning seriously to address problems public office. about to mold t he aspiration of t he of poverty and racial inequality and After reviewing the roster of the Constitutional Convention into t he re­ before it faced another terrible war in new Congress, an optimistic George ality of a government that would unite Southeast Asia. During h is span of Washington proudly proclaimed th at the separate States into a Nation, a years in the Congress the United "it will not be inferior to any assembly 3212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 2, 1989 on Earth." A somewhat less enthusias­ In all of this the U.S. Congress is mortal imperfections, still is-just as it tic , on the other hand, probably the most fascinatingly was in Lincoln's time, and may it for­ seemed to discern in the very distinc­ human institution in the world. It is ever remain-the last best hope of the tions that adorned the names of the beyond question the most criticized Earth. [Applause.] Members of the new House a cause for legislative assembly on Earth, and still The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The concern because he said, "I see on the the most honored. It can rise to Chair recognizes the Senator from list of Representatives a very scanty heights of sparkling statesmanship, Maine, the Honorable GEORGE MITCH­ proportion who will share in the and it can sink to levels of crass medi­ ELL, the majority leader of the U.S. drudgery of business." ocrity. In both postures it is supremely Senate. [Applause.] The new House did not exactly get interesting precisely because it is Senator MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, off to a running start. Only five States human. The story of Congress is the Mr. President, Members of Congress, were represented on that first day, story of people. and distinguished guests, this is a new March 4, 1789, and it took 25 false at­ We were visited in 1831 by a distin­ experience for me which I think I am tempts over a period of 29 days just to guished French aristocrat named enjoying. When we leave here, the establish a quorum, without which Alexis de Tocqueville who later wrote Senate will commence debate on the they were unable to elect a Speaker about American democracy. De Toc­ Tower nomination. A month ago, and get down to business. queville was grandly impressed by the when the pay raise controversey was But get down to business they final­ intellectual caliber of people in the at its height, a Republican colleague ly did. Even before George Washing­ Senate who at that time were not di­ of mine in the Senate came over to ton could be inaugurated the new rectly elected by the public, but rather me, put his arm on my shoulder and chosen by State legislatures. But he House had taken up the tariff bill to was negatively impressed by the qual­ said, "Look at it this way. It can't get provide the needed revenue to run the ity that he discerned in the House. He any worse." new government and to pay off some spoke of our "vulgarity and poverty of In 1830, was of the debts that they had accumulat­ talent." These characteristics which elected to the House of Representa­ ed during the Revolutionary War. Oh he thought created a general worth­ tives. He had previously served as an yes, they already had a national debt. lessness to the House of Representa­ ambassador, as Secretary of State, and It was so severe in relative terms that tives, de Tocqueville attributed to the as President, yet he wrote of his elec­ Spain, which then owned Florida, was fact that its Members were directly tion to the House, "My election as offering to help bail out the new gov­ elected, democratically, by the people. President of the United States was not ernment with cash payments to buy That French nobleman boldly proph­ half so gratifying." His sentiments the Carolinas. esied that, unless the method of were understood by the people of his That First Congress to its credit and choosing Representatives was time, but they would not be under­ to our lasting benefit accumulated a changed, this American Republic stood by the people of our time. very impressive legislative record. It stood under the doom of "perishing In the 20th century, and especially gave form to the executive branch of miserably among the shoals of democ­ in the age of television, many, if not Government by creating the Depart­ racy." Well, that was 158 years ago. most, Americans have come to view ments of State, Treasury, War and the In 1925, the House Speaker, Nicho­ the executive as the primary branch Office of the Attorney General. It las Longworth, philosophically opined of government. That was not intended gave substance to the judicial branch that "from the beginning of the Re­ by the Members who wrote the Consti­ of government by establishing the Su­ public it has been the duty of every tution. The Constitution's first article preme Court, a system of lesser Feder­ freeborn voter to look down upon us which describes the powers of Con­ al courts and establishing a criminal and the duty of every freeborn humor­ gress is longer than the other seven code for the United States. ist to make jokes about us." He may articles combined, and that is why It began to tie together the thin have had in mind Mark Twain who, a Congress is called the first branch of sprinkling of pioneer settlements scat­ quarter Century earlier, commented Government. I do not claim that Con­ tered along this eastern seaboard into that America had no distinctive indige­ gress is the primary branch, but I do one cohesive Nation by authorizing a nous criminal class-"except, of course remind all that it is a coequal branch system of roads and bridges, trails and for the Congress." of Government. navigable streams. Even so, the Congress-called by Indeed an independent legislature is But surely its most celebrated and Thomas Jefferson "the great com­ a distinguishing feature of democracy. most enduring contribution to the manding theater of the Nation," by All forms of government have execu­ future was the writing by the First another historian, the grand reposi­ tives. In totalitarian societies that is Congress of that lasting testament to tory of the democratic principle, the usually all there is. Where legislatures individual human liberty, the Ameri­ butt of cartoonists, crusaders, and co­ exist in those societies they are merely can Bill of Rights. medians alike-has endured for 200 tokens, wholly subservient to the exec­ Now for 200 years Congress has been years as the fulcrum of our system of utive. a mirror of the Nation-a distillate of representative self-government. This 101st Congress is part of the our national strengths and weakness­ In this tripartite system, Congress most successful effort at self-govern­ es. Hale Boggs described it as a collec­ sometimes has been overshadowed by ment in all of human history. The bril­ tion of ordinary men and women grap­ a charismatic executive. Yet the Con­ liant success of the Founding Fathers pling with extraordinary problems. gress has managed in all circum­ is evidenced in the fact that in our two William Redfield said Congress was stances to muddle through, sometimes centuries of history we have had 41 "a fair cross-section of the people, leading and sometimes lagging, some­ presidents and no kings. No institution showing us very much as we are and times leaping and sometimes limping. has contributed more to that happy throwing our faults and virtues into Toward the end of his career Sam result than the Congress. high relief." Samuel Johnson, speak­ Rayburn once was asked, "How many Together the two Houses of Con­ ing for the ratification of the Consti­ Presidents have you served under?" gress enact all legislation. Together tution before the North Carolina Con­ The crusty old Texan snorted and they can override Presidential vetoes. vention, sought to describe the quality replied, "Huh, I haven't served under The House originates revenue bills. and character of those Representa­ any. I've served with eight." The Senate's is tives whose election had been mandat­ And that system of representative necessary for the ratification of trea­ ed by the Constitution. He said, "They self-government, of which Congress is ties. The Constitution entrusts Con­ are to be bone of our bone, flesh of an integral and indispensable part, gress with the power to tax, to provide our flesh." with all its faults, and flaws and for the common defense and general March 2, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 3213 welfare. The Congress has the author­ most of us it has been the greatest by some to be making a "deal" or trad­ ity to regulate commerce, to establish pride and honor of our lives. ing away principles, it is, when done a judicial system, to declare war, to As Senator MITCHELL indicated, with principle, the most compelling raise and support the Army and the John Quincy Adams returned to serve and important of public business. Navy. in the House of Representatives after "The Congress," Woodrow Wilson With that broad authority comes being President of the United States said, "has been both extravagantly great responsibility. It is our responsi­ considering it a great honor to do so. praised and unreasonably disparaged, bility to use the power with which we According to the 63-year-old Mr. according to the predisposition and have been entrusted for the common Adams, "No election or appointment temper of its various critics. The truth good. conferred upon me ever gave me so is," he said, "in this case as in so many As we enter the third century of our much pleasure." Yet, in addition to others, something quite commonplace institution, we can do no better than being President, he had, before he and practical. The Congress is just to recall the words of one of the great came to the House of Representatives, past Members of Congress to whom been at the age of 14 a diplomatic sec­ what the mode of its election and the the Speaker has already alluded, his retary in the court of Russia's Cather­ conditions of public life in this coun­ predecessor, , who in his ine II, at 28 a minister to The Hague, try make it." first speech in the House said: and minister plenipotentiary to Russia When the First Congress completed its work in 1789, it had, as the Speaker It is now my sole purpose here to help at the time of Czar Alexander I. He enact such wise and just laws that our saw Napoleon return to Paris from indicated, a brilliant, almost une­ common country will by virtue of those laws Elba, served as Secretary of State qualled results, to the point that jour­ be a happier and more prosperous country. I under President Monroe, then a U.S. nalists and other observers of the day have always dreamed of a country which I Senator, President, and finally in commenting on its achievements, believe this will and could be. That is one in Member of the House. decided that they had been truly phe­ which the citizenship is an educated and pa­ nomenal. triotic people, not swayed by passion or In this body, we have had over prejudice, a country that shall know no 10,000 Members. While many of them A friend wrote to Vice President East, no West, no North, no South, but in­ have gone from the House to the Adams that "In no nation, by no legis­ habited by a people, liberty-loving, patriotic, Senate, I would note that some of our lature, was ever so much done in so happy and prosperous, with its lawmakers greatest Members, John Quincy short a period for the establishment of having no other purpose than to write such Adams and CLAUDE PEPPER, have done government, order and public credit just laws as shall in years to come be of it the other way around. [Applause.] and generally tranquillity." service to humankind yet unborn. With the great honor of being a At the end of my first session of To some, Sam Rayburn's objective has come Congress, the 89th Congress, our late may sound naive and so idealistic as to throughout the years of our history great colleague, Hale Boggs, quoted be impossible of attaining. To me, even close scrutiny and criticism, both indi­ Fisher Ames and concluded that he recognizing the failings from which we vidually and as an institution. That is believed that his was a very apt de­ as humans suffer, they are noble ob­ appropriate, because the great pride of scription of Congress because "we jectives for which we should always our service is that unlike great Cabi­ come from the people, and we are of strive. net officers or judges, we are here not the people, and, thank God, we have a Thank you very much. [Applause.] by the appointment of the President, system that makes that possible." The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ but by the election of the people. We can all echo that prayer of grati­ nizes the gentleman from Washington, The Congress has changed dramati­ tude today. [Applause.] the Honorable THOMAS s. FOLEY, ma­ cally over the years with the coming The SPEAKER. The U.S. Army jority leader of the U.S. House of Rep­ of radio and television. It is perhaps Band will now perform America the resentatives. [Applause.] the most closely followed branch of Beautiful. Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Presi­ our Government, clearly the most ob­ The U.S. Army Band presented a dent pro tempore, Members of the served and commented upon. We are musical interlude. Congress, distinguished guests, ladies the only branch of Government that The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ and gentlemen, when the crowds conducts its day-to-day business not nizes the distinguished gentleman cheered and cannons roared, as Speak­ only under the scrutiny of television, er WRIGHT has said, on the First Con­ but in an almost verbatim RECORD. from Illinois, the Honorable ROBERT gress' meeting in New York on March While the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD will H. MICHEL, minority leader of the U.S. 4, 1789, the quarters which they were perhaps never appear on the best­ House of Representatives. [Applause.] to inhabit were not yet finished, caus­ seller list, it does lay open to the Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, Mr. ing them to convene in makeshift cir­ American people, as does television President pro tempore, Mr. Chief Jus­ cumstances. The first Members were coverage, the business that goes on tice, my distinguished colleagues, planters and merchants and, as today, here, their business. ladies and gentlemen, that spirited about a third of them were lawyers. We have perhaps the longest-stand­ rendition of "America the Beautiful" There were, Chaplain Ford, a few cler­ ing continuous assembly in the world, speaks of our national natural won­ gymen as Members as well. Despite a along with that of Great Britain and ders of this great land, its spacious slow and rather disappointing start to its Commonwealth. But it is perhaps skies, its waving fields of grain and their work, they obtained a brilliant only here that Members have an op­ purple mountains' majesties, but I conclusion. Allowing Fisher Ames, a portunity from the very first day of guess equally as beautiful is our legacy Member of the First Congress, to say their service to participate directly in of self-government because it is a of his colleagues that they were "on the affairs of the institution and to beauty we have created for ourselves. the whole, very good men, not shining, have the opportunity to actively serve With God's help and our own help we but honest and reasonably well in­ the people of their State or their dis­ have drafted a way of living together formed." trict in an immediate way. in community guided by the ideals of Congressional terms overlap; individ­ We are, unfortunately, sometimes justice and equality before the law. uals come and go-sometimes without victims of the perception that the Nothing beneath the spacious skies is much fanfare. Influences change, business of the Congress is somewhat more beautiful than human beings recede. I believe, however, I speak for disorderly and confused. This is be­ working out their destiny in freedom. the more than 10,000 of us who have cause the business of making legisla­ In that sense our country has for 200 served in the House of Representa­ tion is also the business of compromise years indeed been America the beauti­ tives and over 11,000 who have served and adjustment. That is not always ful, and Congress is a major part of in the Congress, in saying that for understood. Although it is considered that creation. 3214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 2, 1989 One of the most gratifying events in al prose, but the fiery, living truth of Honorable Boa DoLE, minority leader each session of Congress is the return great poetry. of the U.S. Senate. [Applause.] of former Members to this Chamber. We are very fortunate indeed to Senator DOLE. Mr. President pro It is a special day for all of us filled have with us today the Poet Laureate tempore, Mr. Speaker, my colleagues with memories. The continuity and Howard Nemerov. His work has been in the House and Senate, this morning the tradition of this great institution described as modern sensibility with we have all paused from our normal are embodied in our welcome of old classic elegance. He has been the re­ legislative pressing business, which is friends and colleagues, and today in a cipient of the Pulitzer Prize, the Na­ not too pressing these days, to com­ similar spirit we are gathered in honor tional Book Award, the National memorate the 200th anniversary of of our former Members of Congress, Medal of Arts and, among other recog­ the U.S. Congress, and this is a rare, the 65 Representatives and the 26 Sen­ nitions, the prestigious Bollingen Prize special occasion because as an institu­ ators who made up that very first Con­ for poetry in 1981. He is also a novel­ tion we focus so much on today and gress. ist, essayist, critic and teacher, a con­ tomorrow that sometimes it is difficult It is difficult for us to think of them sultant to the , to find time to reflect on yesterday. So as colleagues. We are, after all, sepa­ and a distinguished professor of Eng­ today for a few moments we are doing rated by 200 years. We can no longer lish at Washington University in St. that, and that is a shame because, as see them as they are. They have Louis. Members of Congress, we are sur­ become a legend, and it is the legend Now, if these achievements were his rounded by reminders of men and we see. only contribution to our civilization, women who preceded us. We sit at In one sense it is good that we have he could be content, but he made an­ their desks, we occupy their offices, we this legend. A nation needs its legends other kind of commitment. During carry on their traditions, and we have as much as it needs its heroes, but it is World War II he flew more than 100 much to learn from them. good for us to recall today that the combat missions with the Royal Air During the last Congress I delivered Congressmen with discern across the Force and later with the U.S. Air a series of Bicentennial minutes offer­ chasm of years were also creatures of Force. ing vignettes on important or colorful flesh and blood, not the demagogues Howard N emerov was once asked of legend. They had to make the same about the problem of poetic inspira­ or unusual events that happened in kinds of decisions that we have to tion, and he said, "The impulse comes the Senate's history. While putting make, they had to answer the same from unexpected oddities." Unexpect­ these together, I was repeatedly sur­ questions: ed oddities sounds much like what prised to find Members of Congress Will it be yea or nay on this vote? goes on in some of our debates, so he wrestling with issues 100 and even 200 Shall I compromise or shall I fight? should feel right at home here on this years ago that were as current as the How can I balance the desires of my floor of the House. headlines in today's newspapers. As constituents with the harsh necessities Mr. Speaker, ladies and gentlemen, the Speaker said, we were confronting of governing? it is my pleasure to introduce the Poet Federal deficits. They were struggling And like us and like all those who Laureate of the United States, Howard with pay raises or helping a President came after them, they had to work for Nemerov. [Applause.] get his nominees confirmed, and I find ideal political goals with rather imper­ Mr. NEMEROV. Well, this is going examples demonstrating that we have fect human abilities. to be an anticlimax; isn't it, after an been doing it for 200 years. I can remember when I first came to introduction like that? Take today's joint gathering. In a this House, I looked with awe at TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES sense it has been stated previously Speaker Sam Rayburn and Joe Martin ENTERING ITS THIRD CENTURY, WITH PREFACE that this really commemorates today and Senators Everett Dirksen and Because reverence has never been Ameri­ the first absence of the quorum be­ Dick Russell over on the other side, ca's thing, this verse in your honor will not cause, although we officially began on and so many others, and now I find begin "O thou." But the great respect our March 4, 1789, they could not get a myself a veteran of the legislative country has to give may you all continue to quorum, and we did not have the first wars. I might tend to think I have deserve, and have. real joint meeting until April 6, 1789. become all too sophisticated, not Here at the fulcrum of us all, On that first occasion Members of the easily impressed, but today once again The feather of truth against the soul House walked up to the Senate Cham­ Is weighed, and had better be found to bal- ber in New York to count I feel that sense of awe and humility ance as we commemorate the giants of the the electoral votes confirming George Lest our enterprise collapse in silence. Washington's election as President. First Congress. For here the million varying wills In this ceremony we stretch forth Get melted down, get hammered out The last joint session, prior to our hand to them as colleagues across Until the movie's reduced to stills today's joint meeting, took place a the centuries, and we say to them, "If That tell us what the law's about. month ago when Members of the we have not matched your record of Conflict's endemic in the mind: Senate walked through the Capitol of accomplishment, we hope at least we Your job's to hear it in the wind the House Chamber to hear President have been worthy of your trust. And And compass it in opposites, George Bush. During the two centur­ separated by time, but united in duty, And bring the antagonists by your wits. ies in between joint meetings, we have we say to Daniel Carroll, of Maryland, To being one, and that the law heard Presidents, kings, prime minis­ to , of Massachusetts, Thenceforth, until you change your minds ters, admirals, and astronauts. In the and to Speaker Frederick Muhlenberg Against and with the shifting winds past here stood Winston Churchill, of and all the rest, hon­ That this and that way blow the straw. Chester Nimitz, Carl Sandburg, ored congressional colleagues:" thank So it's a republic, as Franklin said, Charles deGaulle, Neil Armstrong, you for your sacrifices and your If you can keep it; and we did Anwar Sadat, and Margaret Thatcher. Thus far, and hope to keep our quarrel achievements. Because of you our Funny and just, though with this moral: Here Gen. Douglas MacArthur told a country is truly America the beautiful. joint meeting in Congress that "old Praise without end for the go-ahead zeal Now I have an introduction to make. Of whoever it was invented the wheel; soldiers never die, they just fade If I may paraphrase one of our former But never a word for the poor soul's sake away." Those were memorable mo­ congressisonal colleagues, the Mem­ That thought ahead, and invented the ments in our history. bers of the First Congress left us a brake. Beyond such out-of-the-ordinary legacy far above our power to add or -26 ii 89. events as joint meetings, 1989 will detract by our record, and at this [Applause.] mark the 200th anniversary of many point in our celebration, therefore, The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ of Congress' everyday routines. It was what we need is not more congression- nizes the Senator from Kansas, the in 1789 that the House and Senate ap- March 2, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3215 pointed their first committees, con­ I am honored and proud to present John Quincy Adams is a reminder vened their first conference commit­ David McCullough. [Applause.] that giants come in all shapes and tees, elected their first officers, adopt­ Mr. McCULLOUGH. Mr. Speaker, sizes and that, at times, they have ed their first rules, wrote and took Mr. Vice President, Senator DOLE, walked these halls, their voices have their first oaths of office and enacted Members of the lOlst Congress, ladies been heard, their spirit felt here. their first legislation, confirmed their and gentlemen. For a private citizen to Listen, please, to this from his diary, first nomination, and established the be asked to speak before Congress is a from March 29, 1841: first Cabinet officers thereby begin­ rare and very high honor and I thank The world, the flesh, and all the devils in ning their first oversight of executive you. hell are arrayed against any man who now agencies. Simon Willard was never a Member in this North American Union shall dare to Today, if you wonder why the clerks of Congress in the usual sense. Simon join the standard of Almighty God to put of the Senate and the House bow Willard of Roxbury, MA, was a clock­ down the African slave trade; and what can when they deliver bills and messages maker early in the 19th century and I, upon the verge of my seventy-fourth in each House, that was prescribed by birthday, with a shaking hand, a darkening he did it all by hand and by eye. eye, a drowsy brain, and with all my facul­ the First Congress. If you ever wonder "In cutting his wheel teeth," reads ties dropping from me one by one, as the why we formally address our Chief Ex­ an old account, "he did not mark out teeth are dropping from my head-what can ecutive as the President of the United the spaces on the blank [brass] wheel I do for the cause of God and man. • • • States of America, the First Congress and cut the teeth to measure, but he Yet my conscience presses me on; let me but decided that. cut, rounded up and finished the teeth die upon the breach. The first choice, by the way, of a as he went along, using his eye only in And how he loved the House of Rep­ special Senate Committee on Titles spacing, and always came out resentatives: was: His Highness, President of the even. • • • The forms and proceedings of the House United States of America and Protec­ [he writes], this call of the State for peti­ tor of the Rights of the Same. That is "It is doubtful," the old account con­ tinues, "if such a feat in mechanics tions, the colossal emblem of the Union over the title I was leaning to until New the Speaker's chair, this historic Muse at Hampshire. was ever done before, and certainly the clock, the echoing pillars of the hall, The House Chaplain who opened never since." the tripping Mercuries who bear the resolu­ this session with a prayer and the The exact date is uncertain, but tions and amendments between the mem­ Senate Chaplain who will close it are about 1837, when he was in his eight­ bers and the chair, the calls of ayes and the successors of Chaplains chosen by ies, Simon Willard made a most impor­ noes, with the different intonations of the the First Congress. So, too, are the tant clock. I will come back to that. answers, from different voices, the gobbling On a June afternoon in 1775, before manner of the clerk in reading over the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk names, the tone of the Speaker in announc­ of the House who presented the first there was a Congress of the United ing the vote, and the varied shades of pleas­ Journals of Congress, Journals which States, a small boy stood with his ure and pain in the countenances of the are still being recorded by our clerks mother on a distant knoll, watching members on hearing it, would form a fine today. the battle of Bunker Hill. That was subject for a descriptive poem. About the only job you would not Adams, John Quincy Adams, diplomat, Some nights he returned to his lodg­ have found in that First Congress was Senator, Secretary of State, and Presi­ ings so exhausted he could barely mine, or GEORGE MITCHELL'S or BOB dent, who in his lifetime had seen crawl up the stairs. In the winter of MICHEL'S or 'S. There were more, contributed more to the history 1848, at age 80, after 17 years in Con­ no party leaders in the First Congress of his time than almost anyone and gress, Adams collapsed at his desk. A because there were no political parties. who, as no former President ever had, brass plate in the floor of Statutory With parties and party offices coming returned here to to take a seat Hall marks the place. later, it reminds us that we are con­ in the House of Representatives, in He was carried to the Speaker's stantly adding to the history of this the 22d Congress, and thrilled at the office and there, 2 days later he died. institution. We build on foundations prospect. And it was here that this ex­ At the end Henry Clay in tears was laid before us as others will build upon traordinary American had his finest holding his hand. Congressman Lin­ what we leave behind. hours. coln helped with the funeral arrange­ Perhaps the best that can come out Adams took his seat in the old ments. Daniel Webster wrote the in­ of our celebrations of Congress' yester­ House-in what is now Statuary Hall­ scription for the casket. days is a greater awareness of how in 1831. Small, fragile, fearing no one, Many splendid books have been writ­ much the past has shaped us and how he spoke his mind and his conscience. ten about Congress: Harry McPher­ much we can help shape America's to­ He championed mechanical "improve­ son's "A Political Education," Allen morrow. ments" and scientific inquiry. To no Drury's "A Senate Journal," Alvin Jo­ Now I have the pleasure of introduc­ one in Congress are we so indebted for sephy's "On the Hill" and "Kings of ing an outstanding American, a very the establishment of the Smithsonian the Hill" by Representative RICHARD special guest speaker, David McCul­ Institution. With Congressman Lin­ CHENEY and Lynne V. Cheney; "Ray­ lough. David is well known to us in the coln of Illinois and Corwin of Ohio, he burn," a fine recent biography by D.B. Senate, who debated the Panama cried out against the Mexican War, Hardeman and Donald Bacon, and Canal, the Panama Canal treaties of and for 8 long years, almost alone, he "the Great Triumvirate," about Clay, 1978. A dog-eared copy of his book on battled the infamous gag rule imposed Webster, and Calhoun, by Merrill Pe­ the creation of the Panama Canal, by southerners to prevent any discus­ terson. Now, in this Bicentennial year, "The Path Between the Seas," rested sion of petitions against slavery. comes volume one of Senator RoBERT on the table in the well of the Senate Adams halted slavery, but was fight­ BYRD'S monumental history of the and was consulted extensively by ing, he said, more for the unlimited Senate. those on both sides of that heated right of all citizens to have their peti­ But a book that does justice to the issue. That book won the National tions heard, whatever their cause. It story of Adams' years in the House, Book Award for history. His most was a gallant fight and he won. The one of the vivid chapters in our politi­ recent book, a biography of Theodore gag rule was permanently removed. cal history, is still waiting to be writ­ Roosevelt entitled "Mornings on Earlier this year, at the time of the ten, as are so many others. Horseback" won the American Book inaugural ceremonies, I heard a televi­ Our knowledge, our appreciation, of Award. He is a narrator of the forth­ sion commentator broadcasting from the history of Congress and those who coming CBS documentary produced in Statuary Hall complain of the reso­ have made history here are curiously, honor of the congressional bicenten­ nance and echoes in the room. What regrettably deficient. The plain truth nial. resonance. What echoes. is historians and biographers have 3216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 2, 1989 largely neglected the subject. Two right out west and around Danville," rumpus go on and on. And there is hundred years after the creation of he would say. "The country don't need such a lot of humbug and so much Congress, we have only begun to tell any legislation." that has been so overwhelmingly the story of Congress-which, of When a bill came up to add a new boring. course, means the opportunity for function to the U.S. Commission of But let no one misunderstand, and those who write and who teach could Fish and Fisheries, making it the U.S. least of all you who serve here, we not be greater. Commission of Fish and Fisheries and have as much reason to take pride in There are no substantial, up-to-date Birds, Cannon protested. He didn't Congress as in any institution in our biographies of Justin Morrill of Ver­ like adding "and Birds" * * * "and system. A history abundantly shows, mont, author of the Land Grant Col­ Birds" was new and different and Congress, for all its faults, has not lege Act; or Jimmy Byrnes, considered therefore unacceptable. been the unbroken parade of clowns the most skillful politician of his day; The insurrection that ended Can­ and thieves and posturing windbags so or Joe Robinson, the tenacious Demo­ non's iron rule, a revolt here in this often portrayed. We make sport of cratic majority leader whose sudden Chamber in 1910, was led by George Congress, belittle it, bewail its inepti­ death in an apartment not far from Norris, of Red Willow County, NE. tudes and inefficiency. We have from here meant defeat for Franklin Roose­ There have been few better men in the beginning, and probably we always velt's court-packing scheme; or Carl public life than George Norris and few will. You do it yourselves, particularly Hayden of Arizona, who served longer more important turning points in our at election time. But what should be in the Senate than anybody, 41 years. political history. Yet today it is hardly spoken of more often, and more widely We have John Garraty's life of known. understood, are the great victories Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr., but none of How much more we need to know that have been won here, the decisions Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Search the li­ about the First Congress when every­ of courage and vision achieved, the brary shelves for a good biography of thing was new and untried. men and women of high purpose and Alben Barkley or Speaker Joe Martin . How much we could learn from a integrity, and, yes, at times genius, and you won't find one. They don't history of the Foreign Relations Com­ exist. The only biography of Senator mittee. who have served here. Arthur Vandenberg ends in 1945, Imagine the book that could be writ­ It was Congress after all that provid­ when his career was just taking off. ten about the Senate in the momen­ ed the Homestead Act, ended slavery, The 20th century Senator who has tous years of the New Deal. Think of ended child labor, built the railroads, been written about most is Joe McCar­ the changes brought about then. built the Panama Canal, the Inter­ thy. There are a dozen books about Think of who was in the Senate­ state Highway System. It was Con­ McCarthy. Yet there is no biography Robert Wagner, Burton K. Wheeler, gress that paid for Lewis and Clark of the Senator who had the backbone Hugo Black, CLAUDE PEPPER, Barkley, and for our own travels to the Moon. to stand up to him first-Margaret Huey Long, Tom Connally, Vanden­ It was Congress that changed the Chase Smith. berg, Taft, George Norris, Borah of course of history with lend lease and "I speak as a Republican," she said Idaho, and J. Lewis, of Illi­ the Marshall plan, that created Social on that memorable day in the Senate. nois, a politician of the old school who Security, TVA, the GI bill, the Voting "I speak as a woman. I speak as a still wore wing collars and spats and a Rights Act, and the incomparable Li­ United States Senator. I speak as an pink toupee to match his pink Van­ brary of Congress. American. I don't want to see the Re­ dyke whiskers. It is not by chance that we Ameri­ publican Party ride to political victory It was "Ham" Lewis who advised a cans have built here on our Capitol on the four horsemen of calumny­ newly arrived freshman Senator Hill, side-by-side with the center of fear, ignorance, bigotry and smear." named Truman from Missouri, Government, our greatest library, a We have books on people like Bilbo "Harry, don't start out with an inferi­ free and open repository of books and and Huey Long, but no real biogra­ ority complex. For the first 6 months without limit on viewpoint, in every phies of George Aiken or Frank you'll wonder how the hell you got language, from every part of the Church. here, and after that you'll wonder how world. Richard Russell of Georgia, one of the hell the rest of us got here." In 200 years, 11,220 men and women the most highly regarded, influential For some unaccountable reason, have served in the House and Senate, figures to serve in the Senate in this there is not even a first-rate history of and while the proportions of black century, used to take home old bound the Capitol, nothing comparable say, Americans, of women, of Hispanic and copies of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, to William Seale's history of the Asian Americans, and native Ameri­ to read in the evenings for pleasure. White House. This magnificent build­ cans have not, and do not now, reflect He loved the extended debates and ing grew in stages, as America grew. It the country at large, it is nonetheless orations of older times and would is really an assembly of different the place where all our voices are remark to his staff how strange it buildings, representative of different heard. Here, as they say-here as per­ made him feel to realize that those times, different aspirations, and the haps we cannot say too often-the who had once counted for so much story should be told that way. people rule. and so effected the course of American We are all so accustomed to seeing We need to know more about Con­ life, were entirely forgotten. our history measured and defined by gress. We need to know more about You wonder how many who pour in the Presidency that we forget how Congress because we need to know and out of the Russell Building each much of the story of the country hap­ more about leadership. And about day, or the Cannon Building, have any pened here. human nature. notion who Richard Russell was? Or Beside Congress, the Presidency We may also pick up some ideas. ? There is no seems clear, orderly, easy to under­ Considering the way defense spend­ adequate biography of either man. stand. The protagonists are relatively ing has been handled in recent years, As Speaker of the House and head of few in number and take their turns on we might, for example, think of rein­ the Rules Committee, Uncle Joe stage one at a time. stating an investigating committee like Cannon, of Danville, IL, once wielded Congress, by contrast, seems to roll the Truman Committee of World War power here of a kind unimaginable on like a river. Someone said you can II, which saved billions of dollars and today. He was tough, shrewd, profane, never cross the same river twice. Con­ thousands of lives. picturesque, and a terrible stumbling gress is like that-always there and If we are unwilling to vote the taxes block. It was the new 20th century. always changing. Individuals come and to pay for the war on drugs, to save The country wanted change, reform. go, terms overlap. The stage is con­ our country, why not sell bonds as we Uncle Joe did not. "Everything is all stantly crowded. The talk and the did in two world wars? It is hard to March 2, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3217 imagine anyone not wanting to buy a Band, Sfc. Will Shead and Sfc. Evelyn It is a special privilege for me, bond to win the war on drugs. Yount, who will perform a patriotic having been a Member of Congress, to Above all we need to know more note. return on such a wonderful moment in about Congress because we are Ameri­ Sfc. Will Shead · and Sfc. Evelyn history. I am here this morning to in­ cans. We believe in governing our­ Yount presented a musical interlude. troduce the designs that will appear selves. The SPEAKER, The Chair at this on the coins commemorating the Bi­ The boy should read history, the time would like to recognize Mr. An­ centennial of the Congress. These first John Adams wrote to his wife thony Frank, the Postmaster General coins will celebrate 200 years of the Abigail about the education of their of the United States, who will intro­ great American experiment in democ­ son, John Quincy. History. History. duce to Members the special congres­ racy. The coins will honor the Con­ History. We must all read history, and sional postage stamps that will be gress and at the same time provide write and publish and teach history issued in commemoration of the Bicen­ funds to be utilized by the U.S. Capitol better. tennial of Congress. [Applause.] Preservation Commission for improve­ How can we know who we are and Mr. FRANK. Mr. Speaker, good ments to the restoration of the Cap­ where we are headed if we don't know morning, women and men of the Con­ itol. Designs for the three coins were where we have come from? How can gress. It is appropriate that the Postal chosen from among the designs sub­ we call ourselves patriots if we know Service pay tribute to the Congress mitted by 18 sculpture engravers who little of our country's past? and the legacy of leadership, not just provided 110 designs for us to choose Who were those people in the old because my last name is "Frank." from. The designs embody the tradi­ bound volumes of the CONGRESSIONAL Both our organizations hold the tions and the symbols cherished by RECORD? What moved them? What did public trust. We deliver America's our forefathers. The U.S. Capitol is they know that we do not? mail, 500 million pieces a day, 6 days a recognized throughout the world as a Our past is not only prolog, it can be week. You deliver the promise of the symbol of democracy and freedom. bracing. In Emerson's words, "The Constitution. You have been chosen world is young: the former great men by and you speak for the people. For The $5 gold coin depicts the Capitol [and women] call to us affectionate­ 200 years, you have represented our dome on the obverse, and the gilded ly." interests, defended our rights protect­ eagle in the on I have decided that the digital watch ed our freedoms. the reverse. The silver dollar portrays is the perfect symbol of an imbalance Today we will have a preview of the the statue of freedom which reigns in outlook in our day. It tells us only two new commemorative stamps deal­ atop the Capitol dome on the obverse, what time it is now, at this instant, as ing with this bicentennial which will and with the House mace the reverse if that were all anyone would wish or be issued commencing in April. Inter­ side of the coin is designated. The clad need to know. Which brings me back estingly, the subject for the House of half dollar includes the head of free­ to Simon Willard. Representatives stamp features the dom on the obverse and the full Cap­ In the years when the House of Rep­ 1890 marble structure which Dr. itol on the reverse. resentatives met in Statuary Hall, all McCullough just described to us, re­ These designs are the artists' render­ deliberations were watched over by f erred to as the "car of History." It is ings that will be transferred in sculp­ the muse of history, Clio. She is there on display in Statuary Hall. Clio the turings that will be used to mint the still over the north doorway. She is muse stands in the winged chariot of coins. I would like to send to each of riding the winged "Car of History," as time recording events as they occur. the Members an invitation to partici­ it is called, keeping note in her book. I would like Mrs. BOGGS to help me pate in the first ceremony which will The idea was that those who sat below in unveiling the U.S. House of Repre­ take place later in the spring of the would take from her. They sentatives stamp. striking of these coins. The U.S. De­ would be reminded that they too were agreements would that any shortfall would be allocated. Any bill repeals the 1995 termination date apply to the total value of textile products quota shortfalls, including shortfalls of CBI on duty-free treatment of imports entering from the Caribbean under GAL beneficiary countries, would be reallocated from the region. agreements, not merely the value of the proportionally to CBI countries. The exist­ Mr. Speaker, in closing, our purpose U.S. fabric currently exempt from duty ing quota suspension for Panama and any in introducing this legislation now is under item 807.00. Products receiving duty­ future country quota suspension or termina­ to address concerns that the current free GAL treatment must be assembled in tion under existing authorities, such as for program has not achieved the positive the Caribbean from either fabric formed national security or foreign policy reasons, results that were intended. We need to and cut in the United States or (b) foreign would also be reallocated proportionally to fabric cut in the United States that is not CBI countries. build confidence in the region, create made in the United States or is made in the Compensation authority is provided if greater business certainty, and provide United States but is in critical shortage. The these CBI quota provisions are found to be a long-term positive investment cli­ Secretary of Commerce will determine, after inconsistent with U.S. international obliga­ mate. I believe this is a good bill that consultation with an advisory committee of tions under the GATT. The Administration will foster economic development of domestic textile and apparel industry repre­ must consult with the House Ways and the Caribbean and thereby promote sentatives, the foreign fabrics that will qual­ Means and Senate Finance Committees political stability in the region. I urge ify for GAL duty-free treatment. The initial prior to proposing a compensation offer. list will be revised annually based on indus­ my colleagues to review this legisla­ try petitions to add or delete fabrics and SEPARATE INJURY CUMULATION DETERMINATION tion and I seek your support. their review by the advisory committee. FOR CBI BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES IN COUN­ A section-by-section summary of the 2. A "tariff rate quota" allowing a specific TERVAILING DUTY AND ANTIDUMPING CASES bill is set forth below: volume of goods in each product category (SECTION 81 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED CARIBBEAN BASIN currently dutiable under CBI to enter duty­ In countervailing duty and antidumping INITIATIVE (CB!) LEGISLATION free, except textiles and apparel.-Imports cases under current law, imports into the United States from CBI beneficiary coun­ SHORT TITLE

Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, SPACE COUNCIL-MESSAGE eral public that relies on Eastern Air­ FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE line's services. I rise to call on President Bush to act to avert a national disaster. I call on UNITED STATES the President to appoint an emergency The SPEAKER pro tempore laid SUBCOMMITTEE MEMBERS SUP­ mediation board to fashion a settle­ before the House the following mes­ PORT APPOINTMENT OF ment in the Eastern Airlines conflict. sage from the President of the United BOARD TO INVESTIGATE DIS­ A March 4 strike could potentially States; which was read and, together PUTE BETWEEN EASTERN AIR­ cripple our Nation's transportation with the accompanying papers, with­ LINES AND MACHINISTS system. It would cripple a once great out objection, referred to the Commit­ to designate rural hospitals are losing money and recommend to Congress either a new February 2, 1989, as "National Women and closing their doors at an alarming rate. payment system for rural hospitals Girls in Sports Day"; These small hospitals, of 60 beds or which have opted out of the prospec­ S.J. Res. 34. Joint resolution designating less, have an average profit margin of tive payment system, or maintainance the week of April 16, 1989 through April 22, minus 1 percent. Some are losing even 1989, as "National Minority Cancer Aware­ more money which is limiting their of the cost-based system. ness Week"; ability to deliver health care services. Third, severity of illness: Payments S.J. Res. 37. Joint resolution designating Since 1983, when the cost plus reim­ to hospitals continuing to be reim­ the week beginning May 14, 1989, as "Na­ bursement system for Medicare reim­ bursed under the Prospective Payment tional Osteoporosis Prevention Week of System will be the greater of either 1989"; bursement and replaced with the pro­ spective payment system, 453 hospitals the DRG applicable to admission or S.J. Res. 40. Joint resolution to authorize post-admission diagnosis. the President to proclaim the last Friday of have closed nationwide; 188 of those April 1989 as "National Arbor Day"; hospitals were located in rural commu­ Fourth, physicians: Require that S.J. Res. 45. Joint resolution designating nities. HCFA publish the top 100 volume pro­ May 1989 as "Older Americans Month"; Unless unfair discrepencies in pay­ cedures under Medicare part B-which S.J. Res. 52. Joint resolution to express ments to urban and rural hospitals are account for approximately 70 percent gratitude for law enforcement personnel; eliminated, more rural hospitals will of part B spending. Following publica­ S.J. Res. 56. Joint resolution designating be forced to shut down and the resi­ tion, differences in prevailing rates for April 23 through April 29, 1989, and the last physician specialty groups within car­ week of April of each subsequent year as dents of small towns throughout our "National Organ Tissue Donor Awareness country will be forced to live without rier areas will be eliminated and one Week"; local hospital care. median prevailing rate will be estab­ S.J. Res. 58. Joint resolution to designate These small hospitals are often the lished for each identified procedure. May 17, 1989, as "High School Reserve Offi­ on}y well-equipped medical facilities Upon submission of each carrier's 100 cer Training Corps Recognition Day"; within miles of rural communities like median prevailing rates, HCFA would S.J. Res. 60. Joint resolution to designate Clay Center, KS in my home district. be required to calculate national the period commencing on May 1, 1989, and median rates. ending on May 7, 1989, as "National Drink­ Mr. Speaker, quality health care is ing Water Week"; and essential to the economic well-being of Carrier median prevailing rates S.J. Res. 63. Joint resolution designating rural communities everywhere. which are above the national median June 14, 1989, as "Baltic Freedom Day", and Congress must recognize its responsi­ prevailing rates for any of the 100 for other purposes. bilities to alleviate the glaring pres­ identified procedures would be The message also announced that sure which inadequate Medicare pay­ frozen-those falling below would re­ pursuant to Public Law 93-618, the ments place on the viability of rural ceive the full MEI increase. Chair on behalf of the President pro hospitals. Mr. Speaker, I realize that some tempore and upon the recommenda­ The Medicare physician reimburse­ changes in physician reimbursements tion of the chairman of the Commit­ ment system is also having a negative are being developed, but those changes tee on Finance, appoints Mr. BENTSEN, effect on the ability of rural communi­ will not be available for at least one Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. ties to attract and retain physicians' year. PACKWOOD, and Mr. DOLE, as official services. The crisis in rural health care advisers to the U.S. delegations to Doctors can earn more money in big cannot wait. international conferences, meetings, cities than they can in many rural We must seize this opportunity to in­ and negotiation sessions relating to communities. stitute a more equitable physician re­ trade agreements; and Mr. MOYNIHAN, For example, physicians in New imbursement system. Geographic dis­ Mr. BOREN, Mr. BRADLEY, Mr. MITCH­ York have received $7,500 for triple crepancies in today's reimbursement ELL, Mr. PRYOR, Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. bypass surgery. A Kansas physician system must be reduced and physi­ ROCKEFELLER, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. ROTH, has received $3,300 for the same oper­ cians should be reimbursed under one Mr. DANFORTH, Mr. CHAFEE, Mr. HEINZ, ation. payment rate. Mr. DURENBERGER, Mr. ARMSTRONG, and This is contributing to the problem Mr. Speaker, we are at a critical Mr. SYMMS, as alternates to the above rural hospitals have in recruiting and turning point in the health care indus­ conferences, meetings, and negotiation retaining doctors. Congress must act try. The health care industry has ex­ sessions. to correct these discrepancies between perienced dramatic changes since the The message also announced that urban and rural fees. early 1980's. Certainly, portions of the the Chair announces on behalf of the For these reasons, today I am intro­ industry have become more efficient. majority leader, the appointment of ducing the Medicare Reform Act-a Yet not all providers have come out Mr. BYRD, as chairman of the Senate two-part package which I believe will winners-the changes of the past have delegation to the British-American help stabilize the situation confront­ placed a tremendous strain on the ca­ Parliamentary Group during the lOlst ing our rural hospitals, and begin the pacity of some facilities, especially in Congress. reform of the Medicare physician pay­ rural areas, to provide quality health The message also announced that ment policy. services. pursuant to section 276, title 22 of the OUTLINE OF LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS The legislation I have introduced , the Chair on This legislation has four major pro­ above will provide a period of stability behalf of the Vice President, appoints visions: for the small rural hospitals which Mr. SANFORD, as chairman of the First, remove from the prospective have suffered greatly under the pro­ Senate delegation to the Interparlia- payment system and return to a cost- spective payment system. March 2, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3223 I realize that changes in Medicare created a government free from the domina­ of a violent backlash led by the Russian will be difficult in light of President tion and tyranny imposed on them for centur­ chauvinist organization "International Bush's proposed $5.5 billion cut in ies by the Russians. Front," Estonians still push peacefully for Medicare, but the effort must be After the formation of this free state, Esto­ further reforms and democratization. made. nians and their allies successfully defended Counting on continued moral and real sup­ port from the free world. Estonians are pro­ I look forward to participating in the their country from attacks by the Red army. ceeding with careful, measured steps to movement to save our rural hospitals About 2 years later, on February 2, 1920, a move away from Moscow's control and and establishing equity in the Medi­ peace treaty was signed between the new Re­ toward true sovereignty. care physician payment system. public of Estonia and the Soviet Union, where The goals of free Estonians and of the And I encourage my colleagues to Russia "agreed to renounce voluntarily for­ international Estonian resistance movement join me in this effort. ever all rights over Estonian territory and remain: people." 1. That the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact This peace treaty lasted only 20 years, along with its secret protocols be declared APPOINTMENT OF A PRESIDEN­ before the Soviet Union in 1940 again at­ null and void from the moment of its incep­ TIAL EMERGENCY BOARD TO tacked and invaded Estonia, and incorporated tion. 2. That Estonian-Soviet relations be gov­ AVOID AN IMPENDING EAST­ it into the Soviet empire. The United States erned by the 1920 Peace Treaty of Tartu, in ERN AIRLINES STRIKE IS has never recognized this brutal seizure by GOOD ADVICE which the USSR promised to respect Esto­ the Communists, and the people of Estonia nian sovereignty "forever".