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FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS TÍTULO ALUMNO DIRECTOR Enero De 2015 Guayaquil

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FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS TÍTULO ALUMNO DIRECTOR Enero De 2015 Guayaquil ii Portada UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS TADA Tesis de grado para la obtención del título de Ingeniero en Informática y Multimedia TÍTULO DESARROLLO DE UN FIREWALL PERSONALIZADO CON OPCIÓN DE AUTO-RESPALDO DE DATOS HACIA LA NUBE INFORMÁTICA PARA LAS PYMES ALUMNO Gabriel David Silva Donoso DIRECTOR Rubén Torres Enero de 2015 Guayaquil - Ecuador vi AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco al Creador y Padre Celestial por darme la mejor herencia que un hijo puede tener en esta vida, la educación. A la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, prestigiosa institución que dotó de sus mejores profesionales quienes me prepararon durante toda esta larga trayectoria para crecer profesionalmente; finalmente quiero dar un agradecimiento especial a todas las personas que no creyeron en mí, ya que de no ser por ellas, no hubiera tenido el reto de culminar esta bella etapa de mi vida y demostrarles que todo es posible cuando uno se lo propone con actitud. GABRIEL DAVID SILVA DONOSO vii DEDICATORIA . Al Padre Celestial por darme las fuerzas necesarias para realizar este proyecto ya que me ha dado la fortaleza necesaria para avanzar a pesar de las dificultades presentadas en el desarrollo del mismo. A mí amada esposa Evelyn Plaza y tía materna Raquel Donoso por vuestra guía terrenal y paciencia infinita, por incondicionalmente haberme apoyado en todo este tiempo, les dedico todo mi esfuerzo puesto para la realización de esta tesis. A mi hija Arianne Silva, aunque aún no has nacido, espero llegue pronto ese día, crezcas y caminemos juntos por la vida para contarte todas mis vivencias. GABRIEL DAVID SILVA DONOSO viii RESUMEN Se escogió el tema, el cual su implementación fue enfocada sólo a las empresas nacionales del Ecuador ya que, de acuerdo a un artículo publicado en periódico local del Ecuador1, el Ecuador está en el puesto 108 de 138 países en cuanto a Tecnología Informática, según el análisis de reporte Global de Tecnología 2012-2013. Sumado a esto, se tiene las empresas que han sido expuestas a ataques de hackers informáticos dentro o fuera de la misma y sobre todo la saturación interna de la red por exceso de vulnerabilidades. Esto indirectamente impacta a la organización y crecimiento de las empresas nacionales. Se propuso proveer un servicio Firewall que permita tener un acceso seguro a usuarios, servicio redundante y disponible de la información de la empresa, organizando su más importante recurso: el informático, incluyendo una automatización de respaldo desde un servidor local hacia otro que está físicamente localizado en el extranjero (Alemania). 1 “Diario Hoy”, 24 de Marzo de 2014 ix Índice general Portada .................................................................................................................................... ii Declaratoria de responsabilidad ...........................................................................................iv Autoridades de la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador .................................................. v Miembros del tribunal de grado ............................................................................................ v Agradecimiento .....................................................................................................................vi Dedicatoria ........................................................................................................................... vii Resumen .............................................................................................................................. viii Índice general ........................................................................................................................ix Índice de gráficos ................................................................................................................. xv Índice de anexos ................................................................................................................ xvii CAPÍTULO 1 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Antecedentes ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Planteamiento del Problema ....................................................................................... 1 1.3. Justificación ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1. Impacto empresarial ................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2. Impacto Social ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3.3. Impacto académico ................................................................................................. 2 1.4. Objetivo general .......................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Objetivos específicos .................................................................................................. 3 CAPÍTULO 2 ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.1. Marco Referencial .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. Situación actual en el Ecuador .................................................................................... 4 2.2. Marco Legal ................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Marco Teórico ................................................................................................................ 9 2.3.1. Redes de computadoras ............................................................................................... 9 2.3.2. Topología de redes ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3. Tipos de arquitecturas ........................................................................................... 10 2.3.4. Modelo OSI ........................................................................................................... 12 2.3.5. Capa física ............................................................................................................. 12 2.3.6. Capa de enlace de datos ........................................................................................ 13 x 2.3.7. Capa de red ............................................................................................................ 14 2.3.8. Capa de transporte ................................................................................................. 14 2.3.9. Capa de sesión ....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.10. Capa de Presentación ............................................................................................ 15 2.3.11. Capa de aplicación ................................................................................................ 15 2.4. TCP/IP ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.5. Direccionamiento IP V4 - V6 .................................................................................. 18 2.5.1. Dirección IP............................................................................................................... 18 2.5.2. Direccionamiento IPV4 ............................................................................................ 18 2.5.3. Direcciones privadas ................................................................................................ 20 2.5.4. Máscara de subred...................................................................................................... 21 2.5.5. Creación de subredes ................................................................................................ 22 2.5.6. IP dinámica ................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.6.1. Ventajas .................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.6.2. Desventajas ............................................................................................................ 23 2.5.6.3. Asignación de direcciones IP ................................................................................ 23 2.5.7. IP fija ......................................................................................................................... 24 2.6. Direccionamiento IPV6 ............................................................................................ 25 2.6.1. Notación para las direcciones IPv6 ...................................................................... 26 2.6.2. Identificación de los tipos de direcciones ............................................................ 28 2.7. Sistemas Operativos.................................................................................................. 30 2.7.1. Sistemas Operativos Propietarios ......................................................................... 30 2.7.2. Sistemas Operativos Libres .................................................................................. 31 2.7.4. Historia del software libre ...................................................................................
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