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The Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Virginia'

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The Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Virginia' Chesapeake Science VoL 6, No. 3, pp. 190-196 September, 1965 The Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Virginia' J ohn C. M cC a in , Sr . Formerly; Virginia Insfitufe of MariJie Science Gloucester Point, Virginia Presently: l \ S. Xational Museum Division of Crustacea Washington, D. C. ABSTRACT: Five species ot caprellid amphlpods occur in Virginia waters: Aeginina longi- comis, Hemiaegina nunuta, Poracafnella tenuis, Caprella equilibra, and Caprella geometrica. Though all are offshore species, the latter three conunonly occur within Chesapeake Bay. Deutella abracadabra is placed as a junior synonym of Pttracaprella tenuis and the name Caprella geometrica is assigned to the “aculifrans” form found along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States. Introdurtion tional Museuin of Canada), Dr. Thomas E. Systematic -work on the caprellids of the Bowman (United States National M u ­ Atlantic coast of North Anicrica specifi­ seum). Mr. Roland Brown (United States cally has not been undertaken and hereto­ National Museum), Mr. Maximo Cerame- fore work on the caprellids of this area Vivas (Duke University Marine Labora­ generally appears as a hy-product of gani- tory). Mr. Paul Chanley (Virginia Institute maridean aniphipod taxonomy. Aside from of Marine .'Science i. Dr. Jacques Forest faunallists, Holmes (190oj, Kunkel (1918), (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, and Mayer (1890. 1903) have been the only Paris), Dr. R. W. George (Western Aus­ useful works available until Steinberg and tralian Mu.seum), Mr. Milton B. Gray Dougherty il957; published on the caprel­ (Sapelo Island Research Foundation), Dr. lids of the Gulf of Mexico. R. Winston Menzel (Florida State Univer­ Large numbers of caprellids are found in sity i, Mrs. Sarah Richards (Bingham Chesaj)eake Bay and are easily collected Oceanograf)hic Laboratoiy, Yale Univer­ from almost any mass of .<ponges, algae. sity), and Dr, Victor A. Zullo (Woods Hole bn.'ozoans, or hydroids. Seemingly a group Marine Biological Laboratory). as common as this should be well studied, The following abbreviations are u.«ed in with little doubt remaining as to its species this paper: composition. This, however, is not the case AMNH—American Museuin of Natural and the status of two of the most common Ilistorj- caprellifis in Che>apeake Bay has been un­ ant,— antenna resolved. It is the j>ur[)ose of this paper to gn.— gnathopod clarify this situation and to review the re­ NMC—National Museum of Canada maining species of this area. U SNM — United States National Museum For specimens I am indebted to Mr. W.\M— Western Australian Museum Tapan Banerjee (Virginia Institute of M a­ rine Science), Dr. Dorotliy E. Bliss (Ameri­ SyBtematic Account can Museum of Natural History), Dr. Key to the species of eapi-ellids in Virginia Enrique E. Boschi (University of Buenos waters: Aires, Argentina), Dr. E. L. Bousfield (Na- 1. Mandib\ilar palps present......................... ' Virginia Institute of Marine Science Contribu­ ............................... Aeginina longicorm's tion Xo. 187. Mandibular palps aKsent......................(2) 2. Rudimentary appendages present on Aeginina longicornis (Kr0yer, 1843) pereods .3 and 4, antennal swimming setae absent........................................(3) (Fig. la) Rudimentary api)cndages absent on Synonym y:—Refer to Shoemaker, 1930, pereods 8 and 4, antennal swimming p. 134. setae present...................................... (4) Description:— Length of large.«t male 54 3. Appendages on pereods 3 and 4 1-seg­ mm (18 mm in southern range); body tu- mented ....................Hemiaegina minuta berculation variable, smooth to spiny; pe­ Appendages on pereods 3 and 4 2-seg- reods 1 and 2 elongated; ant. 2 extending mented.................... Paracaprella tenuis beyond penultimate joint of ant. 1, swim­ 4. Pereods 1 and 2 elongated in males, ming setae.absent; segments of flagellum of anteriorly directed triangular pro­ ant. 1 increasing in length distally; mandib­ jection not present on pcreod 1, spine ular palp 3-segniented; rudimentary ap­ present between bases of gn. 2 .......... pendages absent on pereods 3 and 4; pro- .................................... Caprella equilibra podus of gn. 1 triangular in outline, palm Pereods 1 and 2 not elongated in males, with a proximal pair of grasping spines; anteriorly directed triangular projec­ palm of the propodus of gn. 2 bearing a large tion present on pereod 1, spine absent proximal and distal tooth, setae few; gills between ba.ses of gn. 2 .......................... on pereods 3 and 4, elongate in outline; ..................................Caprella geometrica pereopods decreasing in length from 5-7. Fig. 1. a. Aeffinina lonfficomis, $ pereods 1-1. b. CapreUa equilibra, $ pereods 1-1. c. Caprella geometrica, $ pereods 1-1. d. Paracaprella tenuis, S pereods 1-1. e. Para- caprella tenuis, $ gn. 2. f. CapreUa eqvilibra, 2 gn. 2. g. Caprella geometrica, 9 gn. 2. All scales are 1 mm. Distribution:— Siberian Polar Sea; Kara Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890 Sea; Xovaya Zemlya; Franz Josef Land; Synonymy:— Refer to Steinberg and Spitsbergen: Murmansk; Norway; Den­ Dougherty, 1957, p. 281. mark; Faeroe Islands; Jan Mayen; Iceland; Description:— Since I have been unable Eastern and western coasts of Greenland; to obtain sjiecimens of this species I take the Baffin Bay; Newfoundland; Labrador; East liberty of presenting an abbreviated version Port, Maine; Narragansett Bay; Woods of Steinberg and Dougherty’s (1957, p. 2811 Hole, Massachusetts; Long Island Sound; diagnosis: Eastern Shore of Virginia; Norfolk, Vir­ Length of largest male 4 mm; body ginia; Oregon Inlet. North Carolina. smooth; fiagellum of ant. 1 of 11-13 seg­ Remarks:— This species is quite variable ments; flagellum of ant. 2 2-segmented, in the degree of s])ination of the body. In bearing a few sensory hairs; gn. 2 with specimens from North Carolina the body proximal poison tooth one-third of way dis­ was covered with small tubercles but lacked tally from base, convex in middle third, and any spines. S])ecimens from the Eastern there bearing a small tooth in adult males, Shore of Virginia had large tubercles with distal third of jialni hearing a shelf sepa­ no spines, and those from Maine and the rated from the rest of palm by a cleft and Gulf of St. Lawrence had a high degree of bearing two small teeth and a few short spination. Holmes 119051 cites this situation setae, dactylus crooked and finely denticu­ and states that there a]>pear to be all grada­ late on inner surface; i>ereods 3 and 4 with tions between smooth and spiny forms. 1-segnicnted appendages at ba.'^e of gills; Mayer 11890) names three varieties of pereoi>ods increasing in length from 5-7, this species, .4. var. longiconii^ typica, A. palm of propodus bearing a pair of pro.ximal longicornis var. nodosa, and .4. longicornis grasping .<]>ines. var. f-pinijem. Holmes (1905) cites another Distribution;—Amoy, China (type lo­ variety, .4. longiconiifi var. spinosissima, cality! ; Fremantle, Australia; Syndey, Au.s- corresponding to Aegina spinosissima Stimp- tralia tfi/h : Miss Joan Stein berg i : New son. From the few specimens examined a Guinea; Oahu. Hawaii; Port Aransas, clinical situation is evident; and until fur­ Texas: "^'irginia Const; South Arabian ther growth and ecological data can be ob­ Coa.<t; Gulf of Manaar, India. tained there is little use in continuing the Rem arks:—I have learned f.'-oni Dr. W il­ varietal or subspecific ranking of these lis G. Hewatt that specimens he collected forms. off the Virginia coast were identified by This species was taken twice during this Miss Joan Steinberg as //. minuta. survey, both times from the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Fergu.son and Jones (1949) cite Puracaprella tenuis Mayer, 1903 this species as occurring on “algal masses from Willoughby Bay, Ocean View, and (Fig. Id-e, 2g-k) Newport News". Synonymy:~Paracaprella tenuis Mayer, 1903, ]). 68— Sumner, Osbum. and Cole, Material examined;—Baffin Island, Canada: 1913, p. 657. 4 0 , 12. Godthaab Exp. Sta. 166, Totues Road, Exeter Sound, S^pt. 14. 1928. 100 fm.s. Puracaprella simplex Mayer, 1903, p. 68. Gulf of St. Lawrrti'f. Canada: 50-r specimens. — Cowles, 1930, p. 350.— Fergu^n and XM C no. 7680. Indian Point. .July 22. 1960. Jones, 1949, j). 442. Lamoninf, Maine; 4 i, 2S. ,\MXH no. 9547. Deutella abracadabra Steinberg and Collerted on wharf I'ilcs. .July 6, 1940. Dougherty, 1957, p. 277. Ea.stom Shore of Virginia: 22 i , 1 ? . Collected by Tapan Banerjee from the gut of a aea bass, Description:—Length of largest male 7 Cent'oprisiles slriatus (I^,). mm; body smooth, without spines; flagellum ------29 5 juv. 20 miles east of the Ea.stem Shore of ant. 1 of males with 7-10 segments, fe­ of Virginia. July 17, 1963. males with 5-8 segments; flagellum of ant. 2 Oregon Inlet, North Carohna: 43, 1 9. Col­ lected by Maximo Cerame-Vivas at 35° 54' N., 2-segmented, swimming setae absent; gn. 2 75" 00' W. -\pr. 16,1963.27 fms. with proximal poison tooth, dactylus curved and serrate; pereods 3 and 4 with 2-seg- Canada: 23. XMC no. 7681. New London oyster mented appendages at base of gills, pleura beds. July 22, 1960. well developed; pereopod 5 smaller than --------- Numerous spet-imens. N M C no. 7682. Indian Point. Julv 22, 1960. pereopods 6 and 7, palm of propodus of each --------- U . NMC no. 7683. Little Rock Island. with a proximal pair of grasping spines. July 22, 1960. Color:— Body dark red-brown; ant. 1, --------- 12 ^ , 13 ? . N M C no. 7684. Pinettc H ar­ lint. 2, gn. 1, gn. 2, and the pereopods with bor. July 26, 1960. Ponnellville, Maine: 19. USNM no. 11312. red-brown, gills light with dark spots. Collected by Roland Brown on mud flats. Julv 11, Dutrihution:— Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1964. ■ Canada; Penneville, Maine; Woods Hole, Woods Hole, Mas.sachus«‘tts: 1 $ juv. Gray Mu­ Massachusetts (type locality); Great Egg seum Coll.
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