War and Data

War and Data Telling Human Rights Stories Using Open Sources Spring 2020 // Journalism 298 // Mondays 3 – 6 // North Gate 106 Mark Danner With Michael Elsanadi and Gisela Perez de Acha*

Warriors murder civilians in the shadows. By their nature mass killings take place in war zones and other hard to reach places. Inaccessibility, lack of witnesses, conflicting stories: all of these help militaries and governments succeed in what they prefer to do, which is to lie and to deny. In human rights reporting confirmation is the Holy Grail. To this ancient fact the relatively recent advent of open source data has brought a true revolution. Images and videos posted from "citizen journalists" on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, together with publicly accessible satellite images, let journalists confirm an event thousands of miles away in areas thought impossible to reach. But these methods, powerful as they are, raise issues of their own. In this seminar, we will learn how to use open source methods, develop protocols for confirmation and come to a broad familiarity with classics in human rights reporting and with current human rights issues, including Syria, Venezuela, Chile, and the southern US border. Using open sources students will develop their own human rights reporting projects and bring them to fruition.

* Note that Michael Elsanadi and Gisela Perez de Acha, who have been trained in Open Source reporting methods by Berkeley’s Human Rights Center, will serve as course assistant and student course assistant, respectively.

Class Requirements This seminar will be a mixture of lecture, class discussion and workshops/assignments doing open source investigations, backed up by selected readings in human rights journalism. The most important requirements are that students

*Attend all class sessions *Keep up with reading and writing assignments *Participate in discussions *Devise, pitch, and complete a work of human rights reporting

A student’s record of attendance and participation in class discussion, together with the quality of his or her project, will determine the success of our class and contribute the better part of the grade.

Schedule Note that classes will meet Mondays at 3 pm in North Gate 106.

Reading Our primary reading will draw largely from a number of books of human rights reporting, classic and contemporary. I strongly urge you to obtain these books in your own copies and in the edition specified, either from local bookstores or from online suppliers, so that you will be able to highlight and annotate them.

Tracking the News A significant part of the class will be given over to tracking and discussing human rights reporting and US foreign policy as it takes shape around ongoing conflicts. Following these events closely in various publications, beginning with the New York Times, the Washington Post, and other newspapers and websites, and getting to know the work of the leading contemporary war and human rights correspondents, is essential. Even if you are not a habitual newspaper reader, you must become one for this class.

Presentations Each student will make a presentation in class on his or her ongoing project. Use of multimedia and social media during the presentation is strongly encouraged. Students will present throughout the semester.

Project The project will take up a major issue or event in contemporary human rights and conflict and report on it using, at least in part, open sources -- with an emphasis on blending those sources with traditional storytelling. Note that your pitch is due for your project no later than February 24.

Writing To bolster the clarity and vigor of your prose, I strongly suggest studying two works: George Orwell’s essay, “Politics and the English Language,” which can be readily found online, and Strunk and White’s little manual, The Elements of Style. Office Hours I will count on meeting with each of you individually at least once during the course of the term. We will make these appointments on an ad hoc basis. I am best reached via email, at [email protected]. My office is North Gate 32. My writing, speaking and other information can be found at my website, markdanner.com.

For assistance with your projects and open source investigations assignments, Michael is happy to meet with you individually or as a group. Feel free to make an appointment by emailing him at [email protected]

Grading Students will be graded on their preparedness and their participation in class, the strength of their presentations and the quality of their written work, as follows:

Attendance 25 percent Participation 25 percent Pitch 25 percent Project 25 percent

Performance on tasks assigned during trainings on open source investigations will be a part of your participation grade. Note that regular attendance is vital. Those who miss multiple classes will not do well in this course.

Films During the semester we hope to be screening a number of films that bear closely on the subject of human rights and covering conflict. We will hope to find evenings that work for everyone.

Syllabus and Texts Note the list of assignments and books below will certainly change during the semester. Many books we will read in excerpt, not in full. As the semester progresses some articles will replace books or supplement them.

Required Texts

Marie Colvin, On The Front Lines: The Collected Journalism of Marie Colvin (Harper, 2012)

Paul Conroy, Under the Wire: Marie Colvin’s Final Assignment (Weinstein, 2013)

Dave Cullen, Columbine (Twelve, 2009)

Mark Danner, The Massacre at El Mozote (Vintage, 1994)

Mark Danner, Stripping Bare the Body: Politics Violence War (Nation, 2009)

Dubberley, Koenig and Murray, Digital Witness: Using Open Source Information… (Oxford, 2020)

Dworkin, Gutman et al, Crimes of War 2.0 (Norton, 2007)

Zahra Hankir (ed.), Our Women on the Ground (Penguin Books, 2019)

Fergal Keane, Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey (Penguin, 1997)

Films

Dror Moreh, The Gatekeepers

Joshua Oppenheimer, The Act of Killing

Gillo Pontecorvo, The Battle of Algiers

Barbet Schroeder, The Venerable W

Some Open Source Search Information

•OSINT Framework: https://osintframework.com/

•Amnesty Dashboard: https://citizenevidence.org/toolbox/

•Bellingcat Toolkit: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BfLPJpRtyq4RFtHJoNpvWQjmGnyVkfE2 HYoICKOGguA/edit

•Intel Techniques: https://inteltechniques.com/forum.private.html

•AML Toolbox: https://start.me/p/rxeRqr/aml-toolbox?embed=1

•Darkness Gate: https://osint.link

Tentative Syllabus

Note the emphasis here on “tentative,” for the list will change during the semester and likely some books and readings will replace others

January 27 – War and Data: The Struggle in Syria Looking more closely at how the Syrian conflict began, we will analyze the strong role played by social media in showing and amplifying the news of atrocities committed as originally peaceful protests sparked into a civil war. How can we confirm the atrocities being committed on the ground when we no longer have physical access? Beginning with the Syrian conflict, how has online open source information been used to confirm and investigate human rights violations committed around the world?

Required:

“Marie Colvin’s Last Call to CNN,” CNN, February 22, 2012 https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/02/22/ac-marie-colvin-syria-baby-dies.cnn

Evan Hill and Christiaan Triebert, “12 Hours. 4 Syrian Hospitals Bombed. One Culprit: Russia,” The New York Times, October 13, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/13/world/middleeast/russia-bombing-syrian-hospitals.html

Investigation by Aliaume Leroy and Ben Strick Produced by Daniel Adamson and Aliaume Leroy, “Anatomy of a Killing by BBC Africa Eye,” BBC News, September 23, 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4G9S-eoLgX4&t=120s

“Cooper Remembers Final Colvin CNN Report,” CNN, February 22, 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfrVJSRMuhs

February 3 – War in Syria: Sieges and Chemical Attack What tactics have the Syrian and Russian governments used to regain territory lost to rebels and the Islamic state in Syria? We will look at what atrocities have been committed by both these governments in their attempt to rid the country of rebel groups. We will be answering the question of what new tactics armies are utilizing against themselves and civilians. We will also be answering how can we look for information showing or proving these illegal tactics?

Required:

Malachy Browne, Christoph Koettl, Anjali Singhvi, Natalie Reneau, Barbara Marcolini, Yousur Al Hlou, and Drew Jordan, “One Building, One Bomb: How Assad Gassed His Own People,” The New York Times, June 25, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/25/world/middleeast/syria-chemical-attack- douma.html

Eliot Higgins, “The Douma Chemical Attack - Fake News About Fake News on Russia’s Fake News,” Bellingcat, April 13, 2018 https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/04/13/doumafakenews/

Marie Colvin, On The Front Lines: The Collected Journalism of Marie Colvin (Harper, 2012), Excerpts: Pages 369 - 540

Paul Conroy, Under the Wire: Marie Colvin’s Final Assignment (Weinstein, 2013)

“Journalists, Protection of,” “Journalists in Peril,” and “Legitimate Military Target” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0”

Suggested:

Rania Abouzeid, No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria (W. W. Norton & Company, 2018)

Marie Colvin, On The Front Lines: The Collected Journalism of Marie Colvin (Harper, 2012), Excerpts: Pages 189 - 214

[Interactive Map] Allison McCann, Anjali Singhvi, and Jeremy White, “How the New Syria Took Shape. Russia, Turkey and Bashar al-Assad carved up northern Syria as the Americans retreated,” The New York Times, October 30, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/30/world/middleeast/syria-turkey-maps.html

Jett Goldsmith, “Chemical Crises: A Timeline of Chemical Weapons Attacks on Syria’s Civil War,” Bellingcat, April 27, 2015 https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2015/04/27/chemical- crisis-a-timeline-of-cw-attacks-in-syrias-civil-war/

Adam Rawnsley, “Russian Trolls Denied Syrian Gas Attack - Before It Happened,” The Daily Beast, April 12, 2018 https://www.thedailybeast.com/russian-trolls-denied-syrian-gas- attackbefore-it-happened

Peter Apps, “Disinformation Files in Syria’s Growing Cyber War,” Reuters, August 7, 2012 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-hacking/disinformation-flies-in-syrias-growing- cyber-war-idUSBRE8760GI20120807

February 10 – War in Syria: Hospitals and the Murder of Innocence In this class, we will be looking at the current, and maybe final, stage of the Syrian conflict as Russian and Syrian government troops bomb and raid protected areas such as schools and hospitals. In addition, we will learn how to verify an image or video potentially showing a human rights violation.

Required:

Shane Bauer, “Behind the Lines: Part One,” Mother Jones, May/June 2019 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/behind-the-lines-syria-part-one/

Shane Bauer, “Behind the Lines: Part Two,” Mother Jones, July/August 2019 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/behind-the-lines-syria-part-two/

Malachy Browne, Christiaan Triebert, Evan Hill, Whitney Hurst, Gabriel Gianordoli, and Dmitriy Khavin, “Hospitals and Schools are Being Bombed in Syria. A UN Inquiry is Limited. We Took a Deeper Look.” The New York Times, December 31, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/31/world/middleeast/syria-united-nations- investigation.html

Robert F. Worth, “Aleppo After the Fall,” The New York Times Magazine, May 24, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/magazine/aleppo-after-the-fall.html

Mark Danner, “Syria: Is There a Solution?” The New York Review of Books, November 7, 2013 https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/11/07/syria-is-there-a-solution/

Keina Karam, “Syria Undone,” in Zahra Hankir (ed.), Our Women on the Ground (Penguin Books, 2019)

“Civilian Immunity,” “Civilians, Illegal targeting of,” “Immunity from Attack,” “Chemical Weapons,”and “Collateral Damage,” in Gutman et al, Crimes of War 2.0

Suggested:

Lina Sinjab, “Breathing Fear” and Zaina Erhaim, “Hurma” in Zahra Hankir (ed.), Our Women on the Ground (Penguin Books, 2019)

Rania Abouzeid, No Turning Back: Life, Loss, and Hope in Wartime Syria (W. W. Norton & Company, 2018)

Charlotta Gall, “Like ‘Working in a Prison’: Six Years in the Hell of Syria’s Hospitals,” The New York Times, October 11, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/world/europe/syria- hospitals-surgery.html

“Illegal Attacks on Healthcare in Syria,” Physicians for Human Rights, https://syriamap.phr.org/

“Out of Service: New Attack on Kafranbel Surgical Hospital,” The Syrian Archive, July 4, 2019 https://syrianarchive.org/en/investigations/kafrnabel.html

February 17 – President’s Day (No Class)

February 24 – Death from the Air: Somalia and Yemen This class will review the US’, and Arab coalition’s, involvement by drone in fighting terrorist groups in Somalia and Yemen. We will look more closely at what justifications governments use to target individuals and conduct preventative attacks. In reviewing these attacks, which commonly result in civilian deaths, we will learn and practice verifying full incidents solely from online media.

Assignment Due: Have a partner for your final project.

Required:

Amira Al-Sharif, “Yemeni Women with Fighting Spirits” in Zahra Hankir (ed.), Our Women on the Ground (Penguin Books, 2019)

Robert F. Worth and Lynsey Addario, “How the War in Yemen Became a Bloody Stalemate and the Worst Humanitarian Crisis in the World,” The New York Times Magazine, November 6, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/interactitot tu suuh ve/2018/10/31/magazine/yemen-war-saudi- arabia.html?module=inline

Dominique Lewis, “How Open-source Investigation Methods Helped Expose the Hidden US War in Somalia,” Amnesty International, March 1, 2019 https://citizenevidence.org/2019/03/21/how-open-source-investigation-methods-helped-expose- the-hidden-us-war-in-somalia/

Mike Dawson, “Zero Civilian Casualties,” Popula, March 19, 2019 https://popula.com/2019/03/19/zero-civilian-casualties/

“Executions, Extrajudicial,” “Humanitarian Aid Blocking Of,” and “Humanitarian Intervention” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

[Podcast] “60 Words,” RadioLab, WNYC Studios https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/episodes/60-words

“The Hidden US War in Somalia: Civilian Casualties From Air Strikes in Lower Shabelle,” Amnesty International, March 20, 2019 https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr52/9952/2019/en/

March 2 – Crimea: The Hybrid War This class will closely look at the war and occupation specifically using the invasion of Ukraine by Russia as an example. In reviewing this conflict, we will analyze open source investigations into violations committed during the conflict specifically the downing of the MH17 passenger aircraft.

Assignment Due: Submit your project pitch.

Required:

Bellingcat Podcast: “MH17, Episode 1 Guide: The People Who Fell From the Sky,” Bellingcat, July 17, 2019 https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/podcasts/2019/07/17/mh17-episode-guide-1/

Simon Ostrovsky, “Russian Roulette: Russia’s Little Green Men Enter Ukraine,” Vice News, March 3, 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNKsLlK52ss

Suggested:

“MH17 The Open Source Investigation Two Years Later,” Bellingcat, July 2016, https://www.bellingcat.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mh17-two-years-later.pdf

“Full Report: Skripal Poisoning Suspect Dr. Alexander Mishkin, Hero of Russia,” Bellingcat, October 9, 2018 https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2018/10/09/full-report- skripal-poisoning-suspect-dr-alexander-mishkin-hero-russia/

March 9 – Gaza: Mowing the Grass This class will review the dire situation in Gaza through texts that examine the human rights violations committed by Israel in the Palestinian territories. We will additionally review the ethics of open source investigations asking questions such as those concerning consent in gathering openly available information online.

[Film] Dror Moreh, The Gatekeepers

Required:

Chris Hedges, “A Gaza Diary: Scenes from the Palestinian Uprising,” Harper’s Magazine, October 2001 http://www.bintjbeil.com/articles/en/011001_hedges.html Conal Urquhart, “The Goldstone Report: A History,” The Guardian, April 14, 2011 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/14/goldstone-report-history

Excerpts from “Human Rights in Palestine and Other Occupied Arab Territories: Report of the United nations Fact- Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,” United Nations, September 25, 2009 https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/12session/A-HRC-12-48.pdf

Excerpt from Our Women on the Ground “Between the Explosions” in Zahra Hankir (ed.), Our Women on the Ground (Penguin Books, 2019)

David M. Halbfinger, “A Day, a Life: When a Medic was Killed in Gaza, Was it an Accident?” The New York Times, December 30, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/30/world/middleeast/gaza-medic-israel- shooting.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage

“Israel’s Views...Gaza Strip” and “Occupation” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

Bernard Avishai, “What Netanyahu and Hamas are Really Fighting for in Gaza,” The New Yorker, May 9, 2019 https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/what-netanyahu-and- hamas-are-really-fighting-for-in-gaza

March 16 – Mexico: Battling the Narco-State This class will cover the struggle between the Mexican government and cartels. Moreover, in this class, we will closely examine Culiacán and how open sources were used to verify violence in the area.

Required: Alma Guillermoprieto, “We are Not Sheep to be Killed,” New York Review of Books, November 5, 2014 https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2014/11/05/mexico-not-sheep-to-be-killed/

Anabel Hernandez, “Mexico: When drug violence 'turns into terrorism'” November 15, 2019 https://www.dw.com/en/mexico-when-drug-violence-turns-into-terrorism/a-51261916

Alan Feuer, “‘El Chapo’ Guzmán Sentenced to Life in Prison, Ending Notorious Criminal Career,” The New York Times, July 17, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/nyregion/el- chapo-sentencing.html

[TV] Director: Andrea Schmidt, “The Plan to Rescue El Chapo’s Son: Chaos, Guns and Fear,” The New York Times, November 15, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/the-weekly/el- chapo-guzman-son.html

Alma Guillermoprieto, “Mexico: The Murder of the Young,” New York Review of Books, January 8, 2015 https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/01/08/mexico-murder-young/?insrc=toc

“Paramilitaries” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

Azam Ahmed and Paulina Villegas, “He Was One of Mexico’s Deadliest Assassins. Then He Turned on His Cartel,” The New York Times, December 14, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/14/world/americas/sicario-mexico-drug-cartels.html

[Film] Matthew Heineman, Cartel Land

Kate Linthicum, “Inside the bloody cartel war for Mexico’s multibillion-dollar avocado industry,” The Los Angeles Times, November 21, 2019 https://www.latimes.com/world- nation/story/2019-11-20/mexico-cartel-violence-avocados

March 23 – Spring Recess (No Class)

March 30 - Coup or Revolution: Venezuela, Bolivia, and Chile We will closely examine the excessive use of violence against protesters in Central and South America. In this class, we will also practice monitoring and verifying information in real time and look at examples of when online collaboration between investigators was used to verify false information.

Required:

Enrique Krauze, “Hell of a Fiesta,” The New York Review of Books, March 8, 2018 https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/03/08/venezuela-hell-fiesta/

Mark Danner, Stripping Bare the Body: Politics, Violence, and War (Nation Books, 2009) Excerpts:

Mark Danner, The Massacre at El Mozote (Vintage, 1994)

Nicholas Casey, Christoph Koettl, and Deborah Acosta, “Footage Contradicts U.S. Claim That Nicolás Maduro Burned Aid Convoy,” The New York Times, March 10, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/10/world/americas/venezuela-aid-fire- video.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share

Max Fisher, “Bolivia Crisis Shows the Blurry Line Between Coup and Uprising,” The New York Times, November 12, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/world/americas/bolivia-evo- morales-coup.html

Camila Osorio, “As Protests Rock Chile, the People Consider Rewriting Pinochet’s Constitution,” The New Yorker, December 10, 2019 https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily- comment/as-protests-rock-chile-the-people-consider-rewriting-pinochets-constitution

Jon Lee Anderson, “An Unflinching View on Venezuela in Crisis by Jon Lee Anderson,” The New Yorker, February 24, 2019 https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/an- unflinching-view-of-venezuela-in-crisis

Wil S. Hylton, “Can Venezuela be Saved?” The New York Times Magazine, March 1, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/magazine/can-venezuela-be-saved.html

“Levee en Masse” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

April 6 – Ethnic Cleansing in Myanmar During this class, we will look closely at the genocide against the Rohingya population in Myanmar as well as the propogation of hate speech against them on social media platforms like Facebook. We will additionally review the role of content regulation in affecting open source investigations.

[Film] Joshua Oppenheimer, The Act of Killing

[Film] Barbet Schroeder, The Venerable W

Required:

Fergal Keane, Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey (Penguin, 1997)

Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo, Simon Lewis, Antoni Slodkowski “Massacre in Myanmar: a Reuters Special Report,” Reuters, February 8, 2018 https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special- report/myanmar-rakhine-events/

Simon Lewis and Shoon Naing, “Two Reuters Reporters Freed in Myanmar After More than 500 Days in Jail,” Reuters, May 6, 2019 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar- journalists/two-reuters-reporters-freed-in-myanmar-after-more-than-500-days-in-jail- idUSKCN1SD056

Steve Stecklow, “Why Facebook is Losing the War on Hate Speech in Myanmar,” August 15, 2018 https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/myanmar-facebook-hate/

Sergio Pecanha and Jeremy White, “Satellite Images Show More Than 200 Rohingya Villages Burned in Myanmar,” The New York Times, September 18, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/09/18/world/asia/rohingya-villages.html

Nahal Toosi, “The Genocide the U.S. Didn’t See Coming,” Politico Magazine, March/April 2018 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/04/obama-rohingya-genocide-myanmar- burma-muslim-syu-kii-217214

“Ethnic Cleansing,” “Rwanda,” “Genocide,” “Refoulment,” “Refugees, Rights of” and “Crimes Against Humanity,” and “Mass Graves” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

Casey Newton, “Hate Speech is Spreading on Facebook and India Again,” The Verge, October 30, 2019 https://www.theverge.com/interface/2019/10/30/20938311/facebook-avaaz-india- report-hate-speech-megaphone-warning

Kuwar Singh, “Social Media Censorship in India has Increased Over Five Fold Since 2016,” Quartz, November 20, 2019 https://qz.com/india/1753116/modi-government-ramps-up-twitter- facebook-censorship/

April 13 – Radicalization and Mass Shootings: 8chan Through open source investigations, we will take a closer look at the phenomenon of radicalisation and mass shootings in the United States. What role has the internet, and social media, played in fomenting and encouraging violence in the US?

Dave Cullen, Columbine (Twelve, 2009)

Robert Evans, “The El Paso Shooting and the Gamification of Terror,” Bellingcat, August 4, 2019 https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2019/08/04/the-el-paso-shooting-and-the- gamification-of-terror/

James Brooke, “Terror in Littleton: The Overview; 2 Students in Colorado School Said to Gundown as many as 23 and Kill Themselves in Siege,” The New York Times, April 21, 1999 https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/21/us/terror-littleton-overview-2-students-colorado-school- said-gun-down-many-23-kill.html

Malachy Browne, Natalie Reneau, Adam Goldman, Drew Jordan and Anjali Singhvi, “How the Las Vegas Gunman Planned a Massacre , in 7 Days of Video,” The New York Times, March 22, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000005794914/las-vegas-gunman-planned- massacre.html

“Terrorism,” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

Parkland: Birth of a Movement by Dave Cullen

“Removing More Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior From Iran and Russia,” Facebook, October 21, 2019 https://about.fb.com/news/2019/10/removing-more-coordinated-inauthentic-behavior- from-iran-and-russia/

Adam Entous, Craig Timberg, and Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Russian Operatives Used Facebook Ads to Exploit America’s Racial and Religious Divisions,” The Washington Post, September 25, 2017 https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-operatives-used-facebook- ads-to-exploit-divisions-over-black-political-activism-and-muslims/2017/09/25/4a011242-a21b- 11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html

April 20 – Radicalization and the Islamic State In continuation with the previous class, we will be looking closely at the Islamic State and the radicalization of its affiliates utilizing online platforms. We will also critically examine the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism and other efforts to limit the spread of extremist content online.

Max Fisher, “White Terrorism Shows ‘Stunning’ Parallels to Islamic State’s Rise,” The New York Times, August 5, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/world/americas/terrorism- white-nationalist-supremacy-isis.html

“Next Steps for the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism,” Facebook, September 23, 2019 https://about.fb.com/news/2019/09/next-steps-for-gifct/

Dabiq - Issue 7 - “The Extinction of the Gray Zone” https://clarionproject.org/docs/islamic-state- dabiq-magazine-issue-7-from-hypocrisy-to-apostasy.pdf

Andrew Griffin, “ISIS Militants ‘Using Twitter to Ask for Suggestions on How to Kill Jordanian Pilot’,” The Independent, December 30, 2014 https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets- and-tech/news/isis-polls-twitter-for-gruesome-suggestions-of-how-to-kill-jordanian-pilot- 9949550.html

“EXTREMELY GRAPHIC, ISIS Propaganda Video of Burning Jordanian Pilot Alive,” February 3, 2015 https://video.foxnews.com/v/4030583977001#sp=show-clips

April 27 - China’s Concentration Camps Lastly, we will review in detail China’s imprisonment of its Uigher Muslims and how those outside of China are tracking its camps. We will look closely at the rise of the surveillance state and how it infringes on the human rights of its citizens. We will examine China’s Social Credit system as well as analyze its response to protesters in Hong Kong.

Austin Ramzy and Chris Buckley, “‘Absolutely No Mercy’: Leaked Files Expose How Much China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims,” November 16, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html

Sigal Samuel, “Internet Sleuths are Hunting for China’s Secret Internment Camps for Muslims,” The Atlantic, September 15, 2018 https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/09/china-internment-camps-muslim- uighurs-satellite/569878/

Barbara Marcolini, Haley Willis, Javier C. Hernández, Tiffany May, Elsie Chen, Drew Jordan and Shane O’Neill, “Did Hong Kong Police Use Violence Against Protesters? What the Videos Show,” The New York Times, July 14, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000006602584/hong-kong-police-protest-video- investigation.html

Photo editing by David Furst and Mikko Takkunen. Design and production by Matt Ruby, Rumsey Taylor and Josh Williams. Lighting design by Ian Kirby and Stuart Hendry. Additional reporting by Ezra Cheung, Austin Ramzy and Keith Bradsher, “Hong Kong: A City Divided,” The New York Times, November 23, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/23/world/asia/hong-kong-protesters-photos.html

Louise Matsakis, “How the West Got China’s Social Credit System Wrong,” Wired, July 29, 2019 https://www.wired.com/story/china-social-credit-score-system/

Special Correspondent, “A Summer Vacation in China’s Muslim Gulag,” Foreign Policy, February 28, 2018 https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/28/a-summer-vacation-in-chinas-muslim- gulag/

James M. Millward, “What It’s Like to Live in a Surveillance State,” The New York Times, February 3, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/03/opinion/sunday/china-surveillance-state- uighurs.html

“Concentration Camps” in Gotman et al, “Crimes of War 2.0.”

Suggested:

Karen Cheung, “Living in Dark Mode,” The New York Times, November 26, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/26/opinion/sunday/hong-kong-protest-elections.html